Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5

UNIT 5Key Vocab:

cruel (adj.) قاسي literature(n.)

األدب

navy (n.) البحرية optimistic (adj.)

متفائل

pessimistic (adj.)

متشائم be shocked

بالصدمة يشعر

shelter (n.) مأوي split(v.) / / ينقسم يقسمينشطر

violent (adj.) عنيف frightening (adj.)

مخيف

capture(v.) يأسر

Vocabulary:

lord سيد flies الذبابprimary school

ابتدائية مدرسة secondary school

ثانوية مدرسة

the Second World War

العالمية الحربالثانية

soldier جندي

sailor بحار during أثناءcrash يتحطم realize / يحقق يدركrescue = save

ينقذ organize ينظم

go well حسنا سيرا يسير go hunting للصيد يذهبjoin الي ينضم attack يهاجمglasses أكواب adults الكبار/ البالغينbrave شجاع calm هاديءhonest أمين patient / صبور مريضrespected محترم sensible / حكيم عاقلunderstanding

/ فهم تفاهم rules قواعد

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5happen = occur

يحدث break the rules

القواعد يخالف

make rules القواعد يضع relationship

عالقة

prepare / يجهز يعد solve problems

المشكالت يحل

poem قصيدة poet شاعرpoetry شعر cruelty قسوةthe Mediterranean sea

المتوسط البحر the Pacific Ocean

الهادي المحيط

capital / رأسمال عاصمة the European union

األوربي االتحاد

hit يضرب hurt يؤذيmake a fire نارا يشعل do a job وظيفة يؤديbuild a shelter

مأوي يبني qualities صفات

successful ناجح sportsman رياضي رجلsportswoman رياضية سيدة express an

opinionرأي عن يعبر

include يشمل reference books

المراجع كتب

course books دراسية كتب title / لقب عنوانdeliberately قصد / عن عمدا sadness الحزنprinted مطبوع require يتطلبaggressive عدواني speed السرعةroundabouts الطرق منعطفات unpredicta

bleبه التنبؤ يمكن ال

materials مواد involve يتضمنtake turns دوره يأخذ dedication / تكريس تفانيdefence دفاع category فئـةexplore يستكشف entrance مدخلcompose يلحن author مؤلفbook fair كتاب معرض library مكتبةbookshop الكتب بيع محل stationery األدوات بيع محل

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5shop المكتبية

remarks مالحظات criticism النقدcritic ناقد review / عرض مراجعة

أو لكتاب نقديمثال فيلم

Words and their antonyms:

agreement اتفاق disagreement خالفkind عطوف cruel قاسىhonest أمين dishonest نأمي غيرbrave شجاع cowardly جبانpatient صبور impatient الصبر عدتمcalm هادئ noisy مثير

لضوضاءright صحيح wrong خطأpessimistic متشائم optimistic متفائلpessimism التشاؤم optimism لالتفاؤinclude يشمل exclude يستبعدcarefully بعناية carelessly بإهمالright يمين left شمالPrepositions:

signal to لـ إشارة يعطي on the island عليالجزيرة

shoot down a plane

طائرة يسقط escape from من يهرب

manage to = succeed in

من يتمكن the fire goes out

تنطفئالنيران

set fire to في النار يشعل look after بـ يعتنيsplit into إلي ينقسم protect

from/againstمن يحمي

plan for the future

للمستقبل يخطط compare .. with

.. بـ يقارن

get on with عالقة علي يكونمع طيبة

cruel to علي قاسي

popular with لدي محبوب give up عن يتخلي

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5have advice for

لـ نصيحة لديه under control تحتالسيطرة

Irregular Verbs:

fight/fought/fought

يحارب forecast/forecast/forecast

بـ يتنبأ

find/found/found

يجد foresee/foresaw/foreseen

بـ يتنبأ

flee/fled/fled يهرب foretell/foretold/foretold

بـ يتنبأ

fly/flew/flown يطير/يسافربالطائرة

forget/forgot/forgotten

ينسي

forbid/forbade/forbidden

يمنع forgive/forgave/forgiven

يسامح

Derivatives:

Verb Noun Adjective Adverbrealize يدرك realization

إدراكorganize ينظم organization

منظمةorganized منظم

solve يحل solutionpredict يتنبأ prediction predictable يمكن

به التنبؤ explore يستكشف

exploration استكشاف

express يعبر عن

Expression تعبير

expressive معبر

Important Vocabulary for translation and composition:

endanger ر للخط يعرض

enrich يثـري

Lay the foundation of يضع national income القومي الدخل 4

Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5 أساسenhance

يدعم/ يعززco-operation التعاون

essentialأساسي bring about يحدث foreign investors

األجانب المستثمرون catch up with = keep up with /يواكب يساير

participation المشاركة take responsibility for عن المسئولية يتحمل

tolerance التسامح rural areas الريفية المناطق

Language Notesagree to + inf. / n علي يوافق He agreed to the plan.

She agreed to stay.Agree on شيء علي يتفقوا شخص من أكثر The members agreed on the decision My father and I don't agree on very much. agree with someone / something

I agree with Karen. This shirt is too expensive. I don't agree with hitting children.

Agree that + جملة I agree that he should be invited to the party.Couldn't agree more = agree completely تماما يوافق Couldn't agree less = disagree completely على يوافق ال

اإلطالق A: I think Egypt will win the match. B: I couldn't agree more. تماما أوافق

نشير و مفرد الفعل معها يستخدم اآلتية الكلمات أن الحظ جمع بضمير إليها

Someone – somebody – everyone – everybody – no Someone – somebody – everyone – everybody – no one – nobodyone – nobody

EveryoneEveryone hashas theirtheir own ideas about the best way to bring own ideas about the best way to bring up children.up children.

Know / show + how to-inf.Know / show + how to-inf. He He knew how toknew how to dodo the job. the job.

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5 He He showed showed meme how to how to useuse this machine. this machine.See someone offSee someone off يودعيودع I I sawsaw my friend my friend offoff at the airport. at the airport.See = understandSee = understand They couldn't They couldn't seesee my point of view. my point of view. See = think aboutSee = think about It was easy to It was easy to seesee the gift as a sort of bribe. the gift as a sort of bribe. رشوةرشوة

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5 حرف إضافة عند s سنوات عشر فترة بها نقصد السنة إلي

decade : عقد أيIn the 1980s = from 1980 to 1989In the 1980s = from 1980 to 1989

تستخدم else بـ تبدأ التي الكلمات بعد some – every – no – some بالكلمات وتنتهي one / thing / body / where

مثل:Someone else/ everyone else / something else / Someone else/ everyone else / something else /

nothing elsenothing else وتستخدم else االستفهام أدوات بعد what / who /

why / where : Do you need Do you need anythinganything elseelse?? Who elseWho else attended attended حضرحضر the meeting?the meeting?

أن الحظ lots of /a lot of / plenty of في تستخدم و تعد ال التي الكلمات و تعد التي الكلمات مع اإلثبات

: فقط تعد ال التي الكلمات مع a great deal of تستخدم He bought a lot of sugar. He needs a lot of books.

تستخدم much ال التي الكلمات مع النفي و السؤال في : تعد

She doesn’t need much money. Did you buy much sugar?

تستخدم many التي الكلمات مع النفــي و الســؤال في : تعـــد

He didn’t see many places in London. Did you invite many people to your party last week?

تستخدم many/ much إحدى قبلهما جاء إذا اإلثبات في too/ so / very آالتية الكلمات

There is so much sugar in my coffee.Promise toPromise to = make a promise to = make a promise to يوعديوعد He He promised topromised to help me with my work. help me with my work.Decide toDecide to = make a decision to = make a decision to He He decided todecided to buy a new mobile phone. buy a new mobile phone.LifeLife تجمع(تجمع( ال)ال) عامةعامة بصفةبصفة الحياةالحياة The heart is the pump of The heart is the pump of lifelife..

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5

There is no evidence There is no evidence دليلدليل of of lifelife on other planets. on other planets.A lifeA life الحياةالحياة منمن معينمعين نوعنوع عنعن نتحدثنتحدث عندماعندما تستخدمتستخدم He had He had aa difficult lifedifficult life.. She decided to start She decided to start aa new lifenew life in Australia. in Australia.

The lifeThe life ماما شخصشخص حياةحياة عنعن الحديثالحديث عندعند عادةعادة تستخدمتستخدم She read a book about She read a book about the lifethe life of Lincoln. of Lincoln.Expressing Rules: Expressing Rules: Everyone must always / should always...Everyone must always / should always... You must / You must not...You must / You must not... Don't ../ Never ...Don't ../ Never ... Remember to .../ Don't forget to ...Remember to .../ Don't forget to ...ExamplesExamples:: Everyone must always Everyone must always come on time.come on time. You must notYou must not speak in the library. speak in the library. Remember toRemember to bring two recent photos. bring two recent photos. NeverNever touch this wire. touch this wire.Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:Choose the correct answer:Choose the correct answer:1-1- It was a very (silent – equivalent – violent - resistant) It was a very (silent – equivalent – violent - resistant)

match. Some of the players hit each other.match. Some of the players hit each other.2-2- The tourists wanted to do different things, so they (split – The tourists wanted to do different things, so they (split –

spelt – spilt – spit) into three different groups.spelt – spilt – spit) into three different groups.3-3- I am hoping to study English (book – booklets – I am hoping to study English (book – booklets –

notebook – literature) at university.notebook – literature) at university.4-4- My brother is quite a/an (unhappy – cruel – optimisticMy brother is quite a/an (unhappy – cruel – optimistic

– pessimistic) person. He always thinks the worst is going to– pessimistic) person. He always thinks the worst is going to happen.happen.

5-5- People who (find – borrow – capture – steal) from People who (find – borrow – capture – steal) from shops should be punished.shops should be punished.

6-6- He joined the (nursery – navy – nationality - loyalty) He joined the (nursery – navy – nationality - loyalty) when he was 22 years old.when he was 22 years old.

7-7- When he heard the news, he was (blocked – shockedWhen he heard the news, he was (blocked – shocked – checked – stuck).– checked – stuck).

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 58-8- Who (else – other – another – others) is going to Who (else – other – another – others) is going to

come to your party?come to your party?9-9- I didn't see (many – much – a great deal of – a lot) I didn't see (many – much – a great deal of – a lot)

people there.people there.10-10- I'm afraid I don't agree (in – for – with – on) your I'm afraid I don't agree (in – for – with – on) your

opinion.opinion.11-11- I saw a (fright – frighten – frightened – frightening) I saw a (fright – frighten – frightened – frightening)

film last night.film last night.12-12- The trees provided some (shelter – cheater – check – The trees provided some (shelter – cheater – check –

cheat) from the rain.cheat) from the rain.13-13- You must follow the (routes – roles – rules – roads) orYou must follow the (routes – roles – rules – roads) or

you will be punished.you will be punished.14-14- During the celebration, he recited some of his recentDuring the celebration, he recited some of his recent

(poets – boils – poems – brooms),(poets – boils – poems – brooms),15-15- London used to be the financial (cattle – cannibal – London used to be the financial (cattle – cannibal –

carnival – capital) of the world.carnival – capital) of the world.Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences and write them correctly:and write them correctly:1-1- Winning the Olympic gold medal was the realize of his life's Winning the Olympic gold medal was the realize of his life's

dream.dream.2-2- They help you talk through your problems but they don't They help you talk through your problems but they don't

give you any salutations.give you any salutations.3-3- The ending of the film was printable. Everybody knew what The ending of the film was printable. Everybody knew what

was going to happen.was going to happen.4-4- I would like to compress my thanks for your kindness.I would like to compress my thanks for your kindness.5-5- He was the first man to example the land. No one has been He was the first man to example the land. No one has been

there before him.there before him.

.

Definite and Indefinite Articles

A / an يعد الذي المفرد االسم قبل

We have a house with a garden. شخص وظيفة عن للحديث

9

Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5 He’s an engineer

العدد: علي الدالة التعبيرات بعض مع a couple / a dozen دستة / a hundred / a thousand

السرعة و الثمن علي الدالة التعبيرات حالة في Two pounds a kilo / sixty kilometres an hour

يعد: مفرد اسم معها جاء اذا التعجب علي الدالة الجمل في What a clever boy! / What an interesting story!

تستخدم an متحرك بحرف يبدأ الذي المفرد االسم قبل an apple / an eye / an umbrella / an orange

حرف كان إذا u حرف مثل ينطق a الكلمة قبل نستخدم an

an ulcer قرحة an uncle نقول: اننا الحظ ولكن

university / a unit / a uniform موّحد زّي / a European country / a useful book

تستخدم ال a / an وفي صفة سبقها إذا إال الوجبات أسماء قبل الصفة: قبل األداة تأتي الحالة هذه

I usually have lunch at 2 p.m. He gave us a good breakfast.

تستخدم the اآلتية: الحاالت فى نقصد كنا إذا أو نوعه من الوحيد هو الشيء كان إذا-1

عامة كفكرة الشيءThe sun/ the moon/ the worldالعالم / the Earthاألرض The country الريف/ the countrysideالريف/ the town المدينة/ the sea / the skyالسماء / the groundاألرض/ the Pyramids األهرامات/ the Cairo Tower القاهرة برج / the High Dam العالي السد / the state الدولة Cairo is the capital of Egypt.

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5 : التفضيل صفات قبل - 2

the best / the most difficult / the least expensive / the smallest / the biggest

: معينة تعبيرات مع-3at the top of his voice صوت بأعلى / at the end of نهاية في ... / in

the end النهاية في : مثل معينة أفعال مع جاءت إذا معينة كلمات قبل -4

go to the cinema /go to the theatre /listen to the radio /use the internet /go to the bank / go to the post office / go to the shops المحالت

نقول ولكننا : watch TV مثل أفعال مع جاءت اذا الموسيقية األدوات أسماء قبل-5

play / practiseplay the piano, the violin ن الكما , the guitarالجيتار, the

luteالعود, etc. : جمــع أسماء إلى لتحويلها الصفات بعض قبل-6

the poor الفقراء the young الصغار the rich األغنياء

the dead الموتى the unemployed العاطلون the deaf الصـم

the old السن كبار the injured المصابين the sick المرضي

جمع: فعل معها يستخدم هذه الجمع أسماء ان الحظ The young are in need of إلى حاجة في help.

و الصحاري و األنهار و الجبال و البالد بعض أسماء مع - 7 : البحار و المحيطات

the U.A.E المتحدة العربية اإلمارات the U.K. المملكة المتحدة الواليات the U.S.Aالمتحدة / the Sudan السودان/ The Nileالنيل / the Himalayas الهمااليا جبال / the Atlantic األطلنطي المحيط / the Red Sea األحمر البحر / the Mediterranean المتوسط البحر / the Alps األلب جبال / the Middle East األوسط الشرق / the Far East الشرق مصر جنوب the south of Egypt /األقصى / the Sahara الكبرى الصحراء

: قبل من الجملة في ذكر اسم قبل - 8

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5I saw a film last night. The film was about the Second

World War. : المقارنة علي الدالة العبارات مع- 9

The more you practise, the better you get أكثر تدربت كلماتحسنت كلما

The warmer the weather, the better I feel . كان كلمابتحسن شعرت كلما أدفأ الطقس

The more you have, the more you want . كلماالمزيد في رغبت كلما أكثر امتلكت

: الحيوانات من فصيلة أو نوع إلى اإلشارة عند- 10The Giraffe الزراف فصيلة is found in Africa

: اختراع أو اكتشاف إلى اإلشارة عند- 11When was the telephone invented?The bicycle is an excellent means of transport.

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5 : الجنسية علي الدالة الكلمات بعض مع -12

the French الفرنسيين the English اإلنجليز the Swiss السويسريين

: خاص بوجه شيء نعني عندما- 13 I like your garden. The flowers are beautiful. (the flowers in your garden)Do you like the coffee we had last night?Can you pass the salt, please? (the salt on the table)]

: of معها يأتي التي المباني و األماكن بعض أسماء مع- 14

The Museum of Modern Art متحف الفنون الحديثة The Bank of England بنك إنجلترا

The Great Wall of China سور الصين العظيم The Tower of London برج لندن

The التايمز صحيفةThe Times: الصحف أسماء قبل -15Guardian صحيفة الجارديان

The Koran / The : المقدسة الكتب أسماء قبل -16Bible

( the استخدام الحظ- 17 في ) : اآلتية الحاالت عادةthe government / the state الدولة / the stone age العصر / in the morning / الحجري

in the afternoon / in the evening / the environment البيئة/ the weather

وصل: ضمير بها عبارة تتبعه الذي االسم قبل -18The man who lost his son was very sad.

: سنوات عشر فترة علي يدل الذي العدد قبل -19The fifties الخمسينيات the nineties التسعينيات

اآلتية الحاالت في أداة تستخدم ال : : الجمع في people/food/jobs/ plants أسماء قبل -1

Women usually live longer than men do. Scientists .do researchالعلماء

Beans الفول are good for you. Money does not grow on trees.

: مثل تعد ال التي األسماء مع-213

Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5 Food and drink المشروبات و المأكوالت : milk, water etc. Activities :األنشطة smoking / reading / writing / shopping

Sports الرياضات: football / basketball / volleyballAbstract nouns : المعنوية األسماء democracy الديمقراطية ,

beauty الجمال, love الحب, happinessالسعادة , sadness الحزن, misery البؤس, truth الحقيقة , poverty الفقر, progress التقدم, music, etc./

People fear death. Everyone is looking for happiness.

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5 نستخدم محدد معني عن تعبر المجردة الكلمة كانت إذا ولكن

: the معها The death of their father made them very sad.School subjects الدراسية المواد : History التاريخ , Math .etc ,العلوم Science ,الرياضيات

Languages اللغات : English, Arabic etc.) Oil البترول is used to make plastic. Smoking التدخين is harmful to health. I want to study Science and Technology التكنولوجيا. English is the world’s most widely used language.

العالم في استخداما األكثركلمة اللغة اسم بعد جاءت اذا أنه الحظ language نستخدم

the : The English language / the French language

: األصلية االتجاهات من الصفات مع-3northern / southern / eastern / western

He went to hospital = he was ill.He went to the hospital = to visit someone. He went to prison = he did something wrong He went to the prison to visit his brother

استخدام عدم الحظ the كلمة قبل work األلقاب وقبل : األعياد أسماء قبل و شخص باسم المتبوعة

He arrives at work at 7 every day. King William attended the conference. President Mubarak appointed a new prime minister. I do not go out at Christmas.

تستخدم ال كما the كلمــة قبل عـادة home الفعل مع go/come الكلمات قبل و mount / mountain / lake :

He went home early yesterday. He climbed Mount Everest. Lake Victoria is in Africa.

و البحيرات مجموعات و الجبال سالسل مع أنه تذكر لكن و : the نستخدم الجزر مجموعات

The Bahamas البهـاما جزر The Great Lakes البحيرات االنديز جبال The Andes العظمي

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the استخدام عدم الحظ الكلمات مع

prison/hospital/school/ / university / church /

mosque الذهاب كان إذا

Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5

العربية اللغة في الـ بـ معرفة كلمة كل ليست : هامة ملحوظة القواعد استخدام يجب لكن و اإلنجليزية في the قبلها نستخدم : السابقة

Pollution is a dangerous problem. خطيرة مشكلة التلوث Music can be used to cure some diseases. تستخدم أن يمكن

األمراض بعض لعالج الموسيقي Peace is the dream of all nations. األمـم كل حلم هو السالم Choose the correct answer:1- After (a – an – the – no article) sun went down, (a – an –

the – no article) moon came up.2- (A – An – The – no article) policeman usually wears (a –

an – the – no article) uniform.3- (A – An – The – no article) intelligence is important for

(a – an – the – no article) success.4- (A – An – The – no article) hard work which John did was

the reason for (a – an – the – no article) success that he enjoyed.

5- The interviewer asked (a – an – the – no article) Professor Zewail about his work.

6- I think he plays (a – an – the – no article) guitar very well.

7- It was (a – an – the – no article) happy party, but we could only stay for half (a – an – the – no article) hour.

8- (a – an – the – no article) Chemistry is a difficult subject.

9- Vegetarians don’t eat (a – an – the – no article) meat.10- My uncle plays (a – an – the – no article) tennis well.11- (A – An – The – No article) reason I was successful was

because my parents encouraged me.12- I think (a – an – the – no article) education is

something all (a – an – the – no article) children should value.

13- He said that (a – an – the – no article) subject he enjoyed most at school was (a – an – the – no article) Science.

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 514- Don’t spend all (a – an – the – no article) money you

have.15- (A – An – The – no article) Money doesn’t always bring

(a – an – the – no article) happiness.Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:1- Italy is an European country.2-The continent to the east of Europe is the Asia.3-The Aswan High Dam is on river Nile in Egypt.4-Good doctor needs a lot of experience.5- I must go to bank and change some money.6- I really enjoyed book I've just finished reading.7- I'm just going to have wash.8-All I had for lunch was piece of cake.9- It's a honour to get this international award.10- During sixties, people were interested in music.

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5Test on Unit 5

A- Language Functions1- Respond to the following situations: 1-You are at an interview for university. The interviewer asks

you what qualities you think are important to be a successful student. What do you reply?

2-You and a group of friends are discussing what makes a good friend. One of the group asks what you think. What do you reply?

3-A friend asks you what you think about his new shirt. What do you say?

4-Your father asks you why you came home too late. What do you say?

2- Say where these mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are:1- A: How much is that book, please? B: It’s 45 pounds. A: Here you are. B: And here is the change. Thank you2- A: Would you like something else, sir? B: No, thank you. A: Here is your bill, sir. I hope you enjoyed your meal.

B- Vocabulary and Structure 3- Choose the correct answer:1. My grandfather loved ships and the sea. When he was a

young man, he spent five years in the (envy – wavy متموج– scurvy اإلسقربوط– navy).

2. I've read a lot of Arabic poems and novels, but I don't know much about French (literature – acupuncture – architecture – creature).

3. Some people think it is (tolerant – patient – colonel – cruel) to keep animals in zoos.

4. My cousin is always (pessimistic – realistic – artistic – enthusiastic) and thinks something bad is going to happen

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Place :------------Speaker A

Place :------------Speaker A

Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 55. I am always (pessimistic - optimistic – elasticمرن –

linguistic) and think life is going to be good!6. People could show great (faulty – penalty – cruelty –

captivityاسر) during the war.7. The men (measured - captured – escaped – cashed) the

animal and took it to the zoo.8. You must not (steal – deal – appeal – lend). It's wrong to

take things that do not belong to you.9. Crete is (the – an – a – some) island in the

Mediterranean Sea and is a popular place with (a – an - the – no article) tourists.

10. Japan is (a – an – the – some) large group of islands in (no article – a – an – the) Pacific Ocean.

11. (A – An – The – No article) capital of Australia is Canberra

12. William Golding was (the – an – some – a) very famous English writer.

13. (A – An – The – No article) first job he did was to work in the theatre as (a – an – the – some) actor.

14. We should look after (no article – a – an – the) children and provide them with health care.

15. (No article – A – An – The) Amazon is in (a – an – the – no article) South America.

16. (No article – A – An – The) Britain is part of (no article – a – an – the) United Kingdom.

4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

1- France is part of an European Union.2- Gobi is a huge Desert in Asia.3-The Mediterranean Sea is between the Europe and Africa.4-The teacher hit the children into three groups.5-Something that makes you feel afraid is pleasing.6-We should build a filter to protect us from the wind and

rain.A- Reading Comprehension

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 55- Read the following passage then answer the questions:

The Pharos at Alexandria was probably the first lighthouse in history. It took its name of Pharos from the island on which it stood . It stood there for over 1500 years and in working order for nearly a thousand years. The island Pharos was where Alexander the Great founded his city of Alexandria in 331 BC

Alexandria was planned to be not only the proud capital of Egypt but also an important port. With its wide straight streets, its royal palaces, its famous library, its museum of arts and sciences, where scientists could live and study free of charge. It was perhaps the finest city of the Mediterranean Region.

Alexandria had a serious disadvantage as a centre of trade: sailors had difficulty in finding and entering the port. This was because the land was very flat, That's why the idea of a lighthouse was born. The result was the famous building: the Pharos at Alexandria.A. Answer the following questions1-For how many years was the Pharos at Alexandria used as a lighthouse?2-What made Alexandria the most beautiful city in the Mediterranean Region?3-Find words in the passage which mean: a) without paying money b) extremely largeB. Choose the correct answer:4-The underlined word “ it ” refers to (Alexandria – the lighthouse – the land – the Nile)5-Alexandria was once the (lighthouse – port – edge – capital) of Egypt.

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 56- Read the following passage and answer the

questions: When people are playing a game, they need to follow the

rules. If they don't, the game becomes disorganized and unfair. Drivers who don't follow traffic laws can cause serious accidents.

Most things we do are governed by rules. These may be unwritten, like the rules of social politeness, or official laws passed by parliament and backed up by the legal system. But all rules and laws have the same purpose - to make it clear what is right or wrong, and what happens if someone breaks the rules. They are designed to ensure fairness, safety and respect for other people's rights.

Most of us are basically honest, and knowing the rules means that we usually try to follow them. One reason we do this is to avoid punishment, but the strongest argument for following the rules is - quite simply - that it makes the world a better place for all of us.A) Answer the following questions:1- What is the common purpose of all rules and laws?2- What are the types of rules and laws mentioned in the passage?3- In one sentence of your own, give your opinion about those who break the rules, and say why.

B) Choose the correct answer:4- Following the rules means that ---------------------.

a) we get punished b) we avoid punishment

c) we cause accidents d) we behave selfishly 5- The writer thinks that -------------------are honest.

A) all of us b) none of usc) the majority of us d) the minority of us

D- Writing8- Write a letter to your friend John who wants to visit Egypt. Tel him about:

the weather, suitable clothes to bring, places to visit, accommodation and any other information you think is

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Hello! 2nd year Sec. – Unit 5important. Your name is Samy. You live at 69 Safya Zaghloul St., Alexandria9- A) Translate into Arabic:

Rules are important because they help people to work together and to cooperate. They help us to know what other people will do in certain situations. Without rules, life will be difficult and unbearable. B)Translate into English:

الشرق منطقة في وخاصة العالم في السالم تحقيق الي مصر تسعي- 1األوسط.

بهم. خاصة مشروعات إلنشاء للشباب قروضا البنوك تقدم- 2

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