New international standards for residential and industrial ... · PDF fileNew international standards for ... 2 * ISO standards will be published as EN ISO standards in Europe European

© Eija Alakangas, VTT

Principal scientist Eija Alakangas, VTT

Convenor of WG2 for CEN/TC 335 and ISO/TC 238

Vice chair of European Pellet Council

New international standards for residential and industrial pellets

International Enplus-event 17 June 2013, Brussels

ISO 17225-pellets standards


2 * ISO standards will be published as EN ISO standards in Europe 2

European and international framework for solid biofuel

standardisation

WTO ISO/TC 238

Solid biofuels

European Commission

Supporting EU-funded

projects

CEN/TC 335 Solid biofuels

Mandate

No barriers to trade

Standards

Legislation Standardisation

Vienna agreement*

Results

Information to market actors of solid biofuels


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European (EN) pellet standards published

EN 14961-1 General requirements

− Include all biomass raw materials

− Flexible classification, each property selected separatetely

− Include classification of raw material, which is needed for the product

standards

Product standard EN 14961-2 Wood pellets for non-industrial use

− Properties are bound together to class A1, A2 and B

− ENplus certification system is based on this standard with some

exceptions

Product standard EN 14961-6 Non-woody pellet for non-industrial use

EN 14961-2 and 6 standards are targeted for non-industrial use in small-scale

appliances, such as, households, small commercial and public sector

buildings.


How to develop international standards?

Activity Action by Time line Status

Proposal stage – New work item proposal (NWIP)

P-member of ISO/TC 3 months or at meeting

Ok for parts 1–7 Under discussion for thermally threated densified biomass

Preparatory stage – Working drafts (ISO/WD)

Committee stage- Committee drafts (ISO/CD) ISO/CD ballots (comments to CD)

ISO/TC 238 Member bodies

12 months 3 months

Ok for parts 1–7

Enquiry stage - Enquiry draft (ISO/DIS)

Availability of DIS Ballot on ISO/DIS


24 months 5 months

Ok for parts 1–7

Approval stage – Final draft international standard (ISO/FDIS)

Availability of FDIS Ballot on ISO/FDIS (only editiorial comments allowed)


32 months 2 months

Parts 1-7 has been sent for voting in May 2013

Publication stage – International standard (ISO)

Distribution of ISO ISO Central Secretariat 2 months after close of ballot

Parts 1-7 in early 2014

4 Voting has been carried out simultanously in ISO and CEN


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International pellet standards (ISO) – 1

ISO 17225-1 General requirements (FDIS)

− Include all biomass raw materials and also aquatic biomass

− Flexible classification, each property selected separatetely

− Include classification of raw material, which is needed for product

standards

− Includes also special property classes for thermally treated

biomass pellets (e.g. torrefied pellets)

ISO 17225-2 Graded pellets (FDIS)

− Table 1 for non-industrial use

− Table 2 for industrial use


International pellet standards (ISO) – 2

Graded non-woody pellets – ISO 17225-6 (FDIS)

− Table 1 for agrobiomass blends and mixtures (classes A and B)

− Table2 for straw, miscanthus and reed canary grass pellets

ISO 17225-1, 2 and 6 (FDIS stage)

− Values has been agreed

− standards have been sent for final approval in May (voting)

− Standards will be published in beginning of year 2014

− ISO 17225 will supersede EN 14961 standards and will be published as EN ISO standards in Europe

Graded thermally treated densified biomass (proposal stage)

− Proposal for work item (WI) has been discussed in March in ISO/TC 238 meeting and there is support to also prepare this standard

− Voting for new WI will done soon and if accepted standard will be prepared within 2 years.

− SECTOR project is supporting planning and also AEBIOM torrefaction group.

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Specification and classes (EN ISO 17225-1)

Classification is based on origin and source, major traded forms and properties

Hierarchical classification system in table format:

− 1 Woody biomass

− 2 Herbaceous biomass

− 3 Fruit biomass

− 4 Aquatic biomass

− 5 Biomass blends and mixtures

• blends = intentional (composition known)

• mixtures = unintentional

Chemical treatment defined as any treatment with chemicals other than air, heat or water (e.g. glued, painted, coated, lacqued or otherwise treated wood

Chemically treated material shall not include halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals at levels higher than those in typical virgin material values or higher than typical values of the country of origin.


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Biomass

Origin/Source Traded form (e.g. pellet)

Solid biofuel utilisation chain

Fuel production

Solid biofuel

Bioenergy use

Conversion

Documentation of origin (Table 1 in ISO 17225-1

Product declaration EN 15234 series (in Europe)

Tables with property grades in ISO 17225-1 to 7

Fuel Quality Assurance EN 15234 series (in Europe)


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Wood pellets for households and commercial applications* (ISO 17225-2)

* Facility that utilise solid biofuel burning appliances or equipment that have similar fuel requirements as residential appliances.


Specification of industrial wood pellets (ISO 17225-2 (1)

Property Standard A1 A2 B

Origin and source

ISO 17225-1 1.1.3 Stemwood 1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood*

1.1.1 Whole trees 1.1.3 Stem wood 1.1.4 Logging residues 1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood*

1.1 Forest plantation and other virgin wood 1.2 By-products and residues 1.3.1 Chemically untreated used wood

Diameter and length (D and L, mm)

ISO 17829 D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer, <45mm)

D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer, <45mm)

D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer, <45mm)

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*Negligible levels of glue, grease and other timber production additives used

in sawmills during production of timber and timber product from virgin wood are acceptable if all chemical parameters of the pellets are clearly within the limits and concentrations are too small to be concerned with.


Specification of residential wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (2)

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Property Standard A1 A2 B

Moisture (M, w-%)

ISO 18134 M10 < 10 M10 < 10 M10 < 10

Ash (A), % d ISO 18122 A0.7 < 0,7 A1.2 < 1,2 A2.0 < 2,0

Bulk density (BD, kg/m3)

ISO 17828 BD600 > 600 BD600 > 600 BD600 > 600

Fines (F, w-%) EN 15210-1 F1.0 < 1.0 F1.0 < 1.0 F1.0 < 1.0

Durability (DU, w-%

ISO 1783-1 DU97.5 > 97.5 DU97.5 > 97.5 DU96.5 > 96.5

Net calorific value, Q (as received, MJ/kg, kWh/kg)

ISO 18125 Q16.5 > 16,5 Q4.6 > 4.6

Q16.5 > 16,5 Q4.6 > 4.6

Q16.5 > 16,5 Q4.6 > 4.6

Cl (w-% dry) ISO 16994 Cl0.02 < 0,02 Cl0.02 < 0,02 Cl0.03 < 0,03

N (w-% dry) ISO 16948 N0.3 < 0,3 N0.5 < 0,5 N1.0 < 1,0

S (w-% dry) ISO 16994 S0.04 < 0,04 S0.05 < 0,05 S0.05 < 0,05


Specification of residential wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (3)

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Property Standard A1 A2 I3

As (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 1 < 1 < 1

Cd (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5

Cr (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 10 < 15 < 15

Cu (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 10 < 20 < 20

Pb (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 10 < 20 < 20

Hg (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1

Ni (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 10

Zn (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 100 < 200 < 200

Ash melting behaviour*

CEN/TS 153701

Informative, should be stated

* all temperatures SST, DT, HT and FT in oxidating conditions at 550oC.

Pre-ashing temperature other than 550 oC should be stated.

ENplus certification has 815oC.


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Wood pellets for industrial use (ISO 17225-2)


Specification of industrial wood pellets (ISO 17225-2 (1)

Property Standard I1 I2 I3

Origin and source

ISO 17225-1 1.1.3 Stemwood 1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood*

1.1 Forest plantation and other virgin wood 1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood*

1.1 Forest plantation and other virgin wood 1.2 By-products and residues 1.3.1 Chemically untreated used wood

Diameter and length (D and L, mm)

ISO 17829 D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer, <45mm)

D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer, <45mm)

D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 D10, 10 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D12, 12 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer, <45mm)

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*Negligible levels of glue, grease and other timber production additives used

in sawmills during production of timber and timber product from virgin wood are acceptable if all chemical parameters of the pellets are clearly within the limits and concentrations are too small to be concerned with.


Specification of industrial wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (2)

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Moisture (M, w-%)

ISO 18134 M10 < 10 M10 < 10 M10 < 10

Ash (A), % d ISO 18122 A1.0 < 1,0 A1.5 < 1,5 A3.0 < 3,0

Bulk density (BD, kg/m3)

ISO 17828 BD600 > 600 BD600 > 600 BD600 > 600

Fines (F, w-%) EN 15210-1 F4.0 < 5.0 F5.0 < 5.0 F6.0 < 6.0

Durability (DU, w-%

ISO 1783-1 97.5<DU <99.0 97.0 <DU<99.0 96.5 < DU <99.0

Net calorific value, Q (as received, MJ/kg)

ISO 18125 Q16.5 > 16,5 Q16.5 > 16,5 Q16.5 > 16,5

Cl (w-% dry) ISO 16994 Cl0.03 < 0,03 Cl0.05 < 0,05 Cl0.06 < 0,06

N (w-% dry) ISO 16948 N0.3 < 0,3 N0.3 < 0,3 N0.6 < 0,6

S (w-% dry) ISO 16994 S0.05 < 0,05 S0.05 < 0,05 S0.05 < 0,05


Specification of industrial wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (3)

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As (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 2 < 2 < 2

Cd (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 1 < 1 < 1

Cr (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 15 < 15 < 15

Cu (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 20 < 20 < 20

Pb (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 20 < 20 < 20

Hg (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1

Zn (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 200 < 200 < 200

P (%) ISO 17830 >99% (<3.15 mm) >95% (<2.0 mm) >60% (<0.1 mm)

>99% (<3.15 mm) >90% (<2.0 mm) >50% (<0.1 mm)

>97% (<3.15 mm) >85% (<2.0 mm) >40% (<0.1 mm)

Ash melting behaviour*

CEN/TS 153701

Informative, should be stated

* all temperatures SST, DT, HT and FT in oxidating conditions (550oC).


Additional information

CEN and ISO Fuel specification standards: Eija Alakangas, VTT, [email protected] tel. +358 400 542 454

Training material of wood pellets and non-woody pellets SolidStandards project (www.solidstandards.eu)

This presentation is supported by PellCert project: www.PellCert.eu

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New international standards for residential and industrial ... · PDF fileNew international standards for ... 2 * ISO standards will be published as EN ISO standards in Europe European