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Grimm Aerosol Technik GmbH & Co. KGDorfstr. 9

D-83404 AinringGermany

www.grimm-aerosol.comInfo@grimm-aerosol.comTel.: +49 (0)8654 – 578 – 0Fax.: +49 (0)8654 – 578 – 35

GRIMM AEROSOLGRIMM AEROSOLParticle Measurement SystemsParticle Measurement Systems

New methods to measure

Environmental Exposure in real time

15-17 July 2009, OECD Conference Centre, Paris, France

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� How do we monitor Airborne (N A N O ) Particles (NP)?

� What are the benefits from NP monitoring?

� Which steps are needed to establish NP monitoring?

Outline

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Aerosol, Dust, Nano-particles Sources

WorkplacesSolderingDemolitionCabinsWood processingBakery Animal husbandryComposting

Indoor Air QualitySmokingVacuum cleanerCopy machines Animals

welding

Agriculture / Compsoting

bakery

Demolition work / CabinsWood processing

Animal husbandry

smoking

Vacuum cleaner

Copy machines

animalsresuspension

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Nanoparticle (NP): engineered ultrafine particle

Alternative definition: Aerosol particle with diameter < 50 nm.

Aerosol, Fine Dust, and Nanoparticles

N

1 10 100 1 000 10 000 100 000

Light

Molecules

Viruses

Aerosols

Cells

Nanoparticle

Fine particles

[nm]

Coarse particle

Ultrafine particle

Atoms

[µm]1001

0.1

KROMIONA

PM-10

PM-2.5PM-1

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Nanoparticles are a main concernfor human health

Small particles might be more dangerousthan large particles because:

(1) They get deep into the lung(2) They can be translocated from the lung into other organs

PM-10

PM-1

PM-2.5

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TSPWRAC

(Wilson and Suh, 1996)

Particle Size in (µm)

TSP

Hi-vol

PM10PM2.5

Ma

ss

/

lo

gD

(µ

g3/m

3)

PM1

GRIMM AEROSOL SPECTROMETER RANGE

DIFFUSION SEDIMENTATION

physical background: particle mass and particle size fractions

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principles of optical particle detectionSpectrometer e.g. 90°detection

y

90°

x

yz

aerosol particlesaerosol focusing

detection volume

Signal by a

singlesingle particle!

Light source

Detector

Sample in

Light trap

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�Legal Environmental Base � Benefits from NP monitoring

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Monitoring of Mass Concentrations

EDM180 Aerosol SpectrometerSimultaneous determination of PM10, PM2,5, and PM1.Additionally: Size distribution in 31 channels for Dp > 250 nm

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System Solution Environmental Monitoring

�EN12341 for PM10

�EN14907 for PM2.5

�Approval means test of a Candidate Method (CM) against the Reference Methods (RM)

�Daily values in µg/m³�RMs are:

LVS 2.3 m³/hHVS-PM10 68 m³/h

WRAC-PM10 77,9 m³/h

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MAP’06

Celtic Explorer mean flow distortion

System Solution Arctic Enviro Monitoring

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Grimm 180 Results – Ottawa Winter 2005

0

5

10

15

20

25

15.10.2005

22.10.2005

29.10.2005

05.11.2005

12.11.2005

19.11.2005

26.11.2005

03.12.2005

10.12.2005

Conc. (µg/m³)

Grimm

Dichot

System Results to Filter Methods

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Real-time Monitoring of Volatile Components

Concentrations measured sequentially for heating and non-heated phase.

Difference shows the volatile fraction for each particle size.

This method is also suitable for Nanoparticles.

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�Stainless steel outdoor housing with air-conditioning system

� With optional NANO System

� ‘ OPC and 19‘‘ SMPS+CPC

� One shared sample inlet with Nafion drying system

Mini Container for Outdoor use

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�NANO Particles� steps are needed to establish NP monitoring

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Problems of Nanoparticle Detection

Optical light scattering systems cannot detect particles < 0.1 µm.Gravimetric techniques are also inadequate to monitor NPs.

Rayleigh

Mie

Geometric Optic

0.1 1 10

Particle diameter [µm]

Minimum detectable particle size

Sc

att

ere

d l

igh

t in

ten

sit

y

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Nanoparticles can be detected

by with Condensation Particle Counters

CPC: Condensation Particle Counter. Countsindividual particles (> 3 nm) in real time.Uses condensation to increase Particle Size

SMPS+C: Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer with Condensation Particle Counter. Measures detailed size distribution for particles (5 - 1000 nm)within minutes. Very sensitive.

DMA: Differential Mobility Analyzer.Classifies ultrafine particles

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Size distributions in engine exhaust gas

Volatile particles from condensed gases

Soot particles with solid core

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Mobile Wide Range Workplace Monitoring

Work place monitoring with Spectrometer ans

SMPS-system

With permission of Degussa company, Germany 2006

Spectrometer

M-DMA

CPC

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Atmospheric Aerosol Spectrometer

High concentrations caused by photochemistry

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Source apportionment from size distributions

High particle number concentration, 7. June 2007

High particle number concentration correlates with air transports from the East and elemental carbon and sulphate (power plants in Poland)

Low particle number concentration, 17. June 2007

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New Method forNanoparticles Monitoring at Workplaces

Portable Instruments using electrometers can monitor

Concentration and Mean Size of Nanoparticles

...along with mass concentrations!

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1000

10000

100000

1000000

09:00 09:10 09:20 09:30 09:40 09:50 10:00

time

nu

mb

er

co

nce

ntr

atio

n [

#/c

m3]

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

me

an

dia

me

ter

[nm

]

number concentration

mean diameter

Real-time monitoring of Nanoparticles

background

soldering

Size and concentration of NPs (30 – 300 nm) can be monitored continuosly with a response time of 10 s.

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Particle Size [nm]

1 10 100 1000 10000

dN

/dln

D [1/c

m3]

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

103

104

105

Opt. Spectrometer

SMPS+C

a)

SMPS+C

OPC

c)

d)

b)

e)

Global Watch test site at Hohenpeißenberg, Germany

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�Policy Considerations

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Monitoring Benefits

1. Environmental fine dust monitoring in realfine dust monitoring in real--timetime2. Nanoparticles can be monitored in real-time.

-> An efficient protection of workers and environment at accidents in Nanoparticle Production facilities can be guarateed

3. By measuring a variety of parameters (Size range, volatile fractions, etc..) a better understanding of the risk is possible.

4. Now specific limits can be established and controlled

5. Finally efficient strategies to reduce particle concentrationsreduce particle concentrations.can be developed

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GRIMM-Instrumentation Conclusion

Aerosolgenerators 1 nm – 100 µm

NanoCheck (25 nm - 300 nm)

Opt. Aerosol Spectrometer Environmental / Occupational / Indicators

Nanosizer TechnologySMPS+C, Electrometer, Realtime Spectrometer

Filtertester to ASHREA + DIN 1822

Chemical Sensor e.g. H2, PAH, Soot, etc.

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Thank you very much Thank you very much

for your attention!for your attention!