New Nationalism• Heightened nationalism (emergence of

American literature, art, history)

• Expansion of army and navy

• Revive Bank of the United States

• Rebuild a newer, better capital/White House

• Building a national turnpike

• Defeating the Barbary Pirates 1815

“The American System”• Tariff of 1816

– first protective tariff in US history,

20-25% of dutiable imports• Henry Clay’s “American System”

1. Strong Bank available credit

2. Protective Tariff encourage manufacturing

AND pay for canals and roads

3. Canals and Roads connect and integrate the growing country’s economy

NOTE: Republicans defeated federal support for state

improvements, ergo Erie Canal, etc. paid for by States

Era of Good Feelings – Really?

• Election of 1816: Republicans crush Federalists, 183 to 34 (see election.org)

• James Monroe is 8th President of the United States

• Monroe is the ambassador of Nationalism

• Monroe’s administration was called the “Era of Good Feelings”

WHY?

ANSWER: With no Federalists, the US seemed united

Growing Pains out West

Nine Western States added from 1791 – 1819

States admitted slave or free alternatively. WHY?

FACTORS DRIVING WESTWARD MIGRATION?

• Immigration from the older states and from Old World

• Land exhaustion in tobacco states

• Ending Indian threat on frontier

• Improved roads and highways

• Invention of steamboat

• Land speculation

• Economic hardship new opportunities

http://media.maps101.com/SUB/STATE_THEMATIC/kyhist3.gif

SLAVERY, SECTIONALISM, BALANCE?

Debate over Missouri’s admission as a state threatens the balance of power.

• Missouri is the first state from the LA Territory

• Tallmadge amendment prohibits growth of slavery in the territory, South fears federalist intervention in South itself

• Seen by South as a “tipping point” – falling behind more and more

• Missouri Compromise is forged by Henry Clay

Missouri Compromise of 1820• A little horse-trading:

Maine will be admitted as a free stateMissouri will be admitted as a slave state (defeating the Tallmadge Amendment)

• This keeps the balance of slave:free at 12:12.• Southern Boundary of Missouri set as the

northernmost boundary of slavery• True compromise: nobody very happy with result!• Lasted for 15 years, until “Bleeding Kansas.”• Despite conflict over slavery, nationalism prevails

WEBSTER AND MARSHALL

Federalists may be dead,

but FEDERALISM is alive and well!!!

Q: What is the legacy of Webster and Marshall?

A: A strong federal government

and a uniform and stable environment for business

McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819ISSUE: Can the state of MD tax the national bank?

(States v. Federal Government)

DECISION: (Marshall) Federal government CAN create the national bank (due to implied powers) AND the state of MD CANNOT tax the bank b/c

“the power to tax implies the power to destroy” &

“a power to create implies a power to preserve”

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE:

Marshall creates the legal theory of

“loose constructionism” with this decision.

Cohens v. Virginia, 1821

ISSUE: The Cohens appeal decision of State Court of Virginia convicting them to Supreme Court.

DECISION: Virginia Court’s decision is upheld.

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE:Marshall establishes the Supreme Court’s right

to review the decisions of State Courts.(Big blow to states’ rights!)

Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824ISSUE: Can one state (NY) control interstate

commerce (by granting a monopoly to a ferry company).

DECISION: No, only Congress may control interstate commerce.

HISTORICAL DECISION:Affirms the Constitution,

power of federal government,and limits the states’ rights re: commerce.

Fletcher v. Peck (1810)Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)

ISSUE: Can legislatures violate private contracts?

DECISION: No. Affirmed private property rights over and against popular legislatures.

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE:Strengthened property rights

against attacks by democratic institutions

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Pres. Monroe, inspired by John Quincy Adams declares:

1. Europe may no longer colonize in the Western Hemisphere

2. Europe may no longer intervene in the Western Hemisphere

Directed at monarchies in Europe, esp. Russia who were threatening American and Latin American republics.

ENFORCER?

Britain!

Why?