New Opportunities in Wireless

Network Evolution

©James Ni

09.16.2008

Wireless Network Evolution

� Access

� High speed

� Muliti-services

� Core network

� All IP infrastructure

� IMS core to replace existing mobile service core

� Large variety of services

� MMS, Video Chat, Mobile TV, Digital Video Broadcasting

(DVB), Voice, Data, Streaming services

� Ultimate goal

� Single device, anytime, anywhere and anything

Wireless Network Evolution

� An ambitious target

� Lead and dominate next generation network

(NGN)

� Starting from Fix mobile convergence (FMC)

� Home/personal base station (Femto) – the cut in

point

Wireless Network Evolution

The Reality

� Existing network infrastructure

� Large investment

� Lots of reusable functional entities

� Mature service platforms

� Existing subscribers

� Long ramp up curve to adopt new services

� Satisfied with the current services

� Existing access terminals

� For a certain long period of time

� Existing and new network infrastructures will co-exist

� Services provided in existing network infrastructure need to be accessible to new comers

The Needs

� Convergence functions that can bridge the new

and existing network infrastructures

� Not a simple adaptor

� Long term value in new network infrastructure

� Unique and essential functionalities

Mobile Network Status -- CDMA

Mobile Network Status -- GSM

Common Future: All IP Core

IMS Core: The Service Control Plane

� While migrating to AIP core …

� IP Subsystem (IMS) core serves all signaling and service control purposes

� Call/session signaling

� Mobility management

� Registration/Location services

� AAA services

� Multi-media service delivery

� Media path control

� Interworking

� Breakout control

� Service feature control

IMS Core: Key ComponentsOtherIP Networks

IP Transport (Access and Core)

T-MGF

I-BGF

AS HSS

IBCF

A-BGF

P-CSCF

S-CSCF

BGCF

I-CSCF

SLF

Charging

Functions

IWF

UE

« Core IMS »

Mw

Mw Mw/Mk/Mm

Mr

Mg

Mj

Mi

Mp MnGm

Gq

ISC Cx

Dx

Dh

Sh

Ic

Rf/Ro

Rf/RoCx

Ib

Ia

Id

PSTN/IS

DN

SGFMRFC MGCF

MRFP

Resource and Admission Control Subsystem

Network

Attachement

Sub-system

If

Ie

Mi

Mw

OtherIP Networks

IP Transport (Access and Core)

T-MGF

I-BGF

AS HSS

IBCF

A-BGF

P-CSCF

S-CSCF

BGCF

I-CSCF

SLF

Charge

Fonctions

IWF

UE

« Core IMS »

Mw

Mw Mw/Mk/Mm

Mr

Mg

Mj

Mi

Mp MnGm

Gq

ISC Cx

Dx

Dh

Sh

Ic

Rf/Ro

Rf/RoCx

Ib

Ia

Id

PSTN/IS

DN

SGFMRFC MGCF

MRFP

Resource and Admission Control Sub-system

Network

If

Ie

Mi

Mw

SIP

DIAMETER

H.248

ISUP/SCTP

OtherIP Networks

IP Transport (Access and Core)

T-MGF

I-BGF

AS HSS

IBCF

A-BGF

P-CSCF

S-CSCF

BGCF

I-CSCF

SLF

Charging

Functions

IWF

UE

« Core IMS »

Mw

Mw Mw/Mk/Mm

Mr

Mg

Mj

Mi

Mp MnGm

Gq

ISC Cx

Dx

Dh

Sh

Ic

Rf/Ro

Rf/RoCx

Ib

Ia

Id

PSTN/IS

DN

SGFMRFC MGCF

MRFP

Resource and Admission Control Subsystem

Network

Attachement

Sub-system

If

Ie

Mi

Mw

OtherIP Networks

IP Transport (Access and Core)

T-MGF

I-BGF

AS HSS

IBCF

A-BGF

P-CSCF

S-CSCF

BGCF

I-CSCF

SLF

Charge

Fonctions

IWF

UE

« Core IMS »

Mw

Mw Mw/Mk/Mm

Mr

Mg

Mj

Mi

Mp MnGm

Gq

ISC Cx

Dx

Dh

Sh

Ic

Rf/Ro

Rf/RoCx

Ib

Ia

Id

PSTN/IS

DN

SGFMRFC MGCF

MRFP

Resource and Admission Control Sub-system

Network

If

Ie

Mi

Mw

SIP

DIAMETER

H.248

ISUP/SCTP

IMS Core: Major Protocols

� SIP Signaling

� H.248 Media Control

� DIAMETER: AAA, Service/Location management

Existing Reusable Network Elements

� Database elements

� HLR/VLR � HSS

� EIR

� Subscriber Profile

� Network Policy Rules

� MSC

� Backward compatibility

� Handin/handout control

� Protocols

� MAP / ANSI.41

A New Element: Convergence Server

� Bridging IMS core and traditional mobile core

� Signaling interworking SIP �� MAP / ANSI.41

� Service interworking: call/session, SMS etc.

� Mobility interworking: IMS and mobile cores

� Mobility management in IMS core

� Location management in IMS core

� Feature service enabling in IMS core

� Access control in IMS core (AAA)

Position of Convergence Server

PDG

HSS

/Presence

Wx

IMS Core

X-CSCF MGCF MGW

Mn

IP Packet Core Network

Sh

Wm / RADIUS

AAA Server

IP PS Data Network

PDG – Packet Data Gateway

�Wu – IPSec Tunnel (AP to PDG)

�Wm – RADIUS/Diameter AAA (PDG to AAA)

�AAA Server

�Wx Diameter (AAA to HSS)

�Convergence Server

�Sh – Diameter (Conv Svr to HSS)

�ISC – SIP interface (Conv Svr to S-CSCF)

HLR – Home Location Registry:

�SS7 GSM MAP/D (VLR to HLR)

SMSC – Short Message Service IW/Gateway MSC

�SS7 MAP/Gd interface (SGSN to SMSC)

�SS7 MAP/E interface (MSC to SMSC)

MSS – Media Switching Centers

�SS7 GSM MAP/E (MSC to MSC handover)

Mobile Core

Network

(SS7)

HLR MSSSMSC

ISUPv3

M3UAG.703

VoiceMAP-E

GdMAP-D MAP-E

Wu’Cx

Mg

ISC

SIP

RTP

Gi / Gn

Convergence Server

AN

An Immediate Application: Femto Access

control

� Femto cell

� Home/personal base station

� Same handset air interface

� Backhaul wireless traffic via home broadband (cable/DSL)

� Targeted issues

� Coverage

� Air link congestion

� Benefit to subscriber

� Low rate plan

� Multi-media service to home

� Single device for everything

Femto Architectural Approaches

� 3GPP2

� SIP/IMS base solution

� Future facing solution

� 3GPP

� Existing protocols over IP Sec tunnel

� Leverage existing investment

� Will move to IMS core based solution eventually

� Temporary solution for IMS: Iu/SIP adapter

3GPP2 Identified Convergence Server

Element (1xRTT)

PDE – Position Determining Entity

MPC – Mobile Positioning Center

PSAP – Public Safety Answering Point

CSRV

3GPP2 Identified Convergence Server

Element (HRPD 1x Packet)

Ty

Ty

IP

FGW

AAA

(Axx)

Femto-AAA

MS/AT1xRTT/

HRPD

A11

Internet

MIP

(P)MIP

AAA

(A12)

AN-AAA

AAA

HA/LMA

PDSN

For A12 Device

Authentication

For Femto

Device

Authentication

AAA

For PDS

Authentication

HRPD

AN

FAP

FA/

MAG

A13

A16

-19

SeGW

IP

A10

BS/AN

PCRF

PDST IMS

Mobile

Core

CSRV

Convergence Server: Major Functions

Convergence Server: Major functions

� Acting as a VLR, performs SIP subscriber registration and location tracking

� Supports IMS-MSC call interworking

� Supports IMS-MSC messaging interworking

� Performs IMS supplementary service control and interworking with mobile core

� Provides SLF function in IMS core

� Anchors IMS calls for handoff support

� Performs IMS – MSC roaming services

� Provides IMS subscriber AAA functions

� Supports OSA, WIN, CAMEL etc. service building logics

Convergence Server: Potential expansions

� Supports full CSCF functions

� Support SS7 signaling gateway functions

� Supporting MEGACO functions and acting as

eMSC

Convergence Server: HW Architecture

� No customized hardware needs

� Pure software solutions, works on

� standard ATCA chassis and general server

modules

� Standard Blade Server system and server modules

Convergence Server: SW Architecture

Platform/Device Specific

Linux Kernel

Ethernet

Drivers

T1/E1

Drivers

Platform

Interface

Debian Packages

Platform

Monitors

Process Manager Memory Mgmt

Network Interface File SystemHA Firewall

SSL NTP

FTP

SSH

Telnet

Debian

Linux

Operating

System

CLISNMP M

aster A

gent

Web

Service

EmbeddedWeb Mgmt. Application

Management

Apache Tomcat 5.0.28

SNMP AdventnetLib.

SNMP Gateway Lib.

SOAP 1.1/1.2 via Apache Axis 1.3

EPIC

Adaptation

CLI Session

Web

SOAP Clients

SOAP Clients

CLI Sessions

Chassis O

pera

tion Syste

m (C

OS)

Diameter

ASC

RTP

SS7

DNSResolver

CDR

Trap Alarm

Event Log

CFC

Applications

Control PlaneService Plane

System Service

ICC/Socket

SNMP Sub-agent

Data Plane

Chassis Operation System (COS)

GCC

CAC

SMC

VLRC

SSPC

SSC

SIP AS

Shelf Manager (SHM)

Convergence Server: SW Architecture

SNMP

CLI

Web Server

Convergence Server: Service Plane

� OS Adaptation Layer (OSA)

� Shelf Manager (SHM)

� Chassis Operation System (COS)

� Inter Component Communications (ICC)

� Event Log Service (EVS)

� Trap and Alarm Management (TAM)

� Configuration File Control (CFC)

Convergence Server: Control Plane

SIP AS

Registrar

Message ControlCall Control

SIP B2BUA

SSPCVLRC

SSC

ASC

GCC SMC

Service management

Active Subscribers

Active Calls

Messages

CDR

CDR management

Rf/Ro Interface

CAC

Load Balancing Control

Congestion Control

Resource Management

Call Admission Control

WIN/CAMEL Service Control

SS7 (MAP/ANSI.41)

Protocol

MAP

Transportation

MTP3

MTP2

Adax Driver

Service Delivery

TCAP

SCCP

Application

VLR

Application

HLR

Protocol

ANSI41

Transportation

M3UA

SCTP

IP

Convergence Server: Control Plane

� Signaling Stack Control (SSC)� SIP SSC, SS7 SSC

� Access Signaling Control (ASC)� ASCi & ASCe

� General Call Control (GCC)

� Call Admission Control (CAC)

� Short Message Control (SMC)

� Visitor Location Registrar Control (VLRC)

� Subscriber Service proxy Control (SSPC)

� Call Detail Record (CDR)

� Domain Name Control (DNC)

� Other Misc. Component (e.g. Service management)

Convergence Server: Management Plane

� MIB/SNMP

� CLI

� SOAP

� Web

� Generic Management Framework (GMF)

Backup Slides

Mobile Network Status -- CDMA

IMS Core

Convergence Server: Call Control

CAC

GCC

ASCeASCi

SSCi SSCe

WIN/CAMEL

Supplementary Service

Call admission

Network 1 (e.g. Femto

Cell / Gateway)

Network 2

(e.g. xCSCF/MGCF)

Convergence Server: COS

Convergence Server: ICC

Convergence Server: Inter Component

Interfaces

Convergence Server: Call Setup

Network 1 Network 2ASCI ASCE

GCC

CAC

External Call

Control

Intelligence

1. NET_SETUP(SIP:INVITE)

4. CONN_IND

5. REG_CMD

7. REG_RPY

6. External Call

Control

Query & Reply

10. C

ONN_REQ

13. NET_SETUP (SIP:INVITE)

4a. NET_PROC(SIP:100)13a. NET_PROC(SIP:100)14. NET_ALERT(SIP:180)

15. U

UI_UIND

(ALERT)

16. UUI_UREQ

(ALERT)

18. NET_CONN(SIP:200)

19. C

ONN_CNF

20a.CONN_RSP

17. NET_ALERT(SIP:180)

21. NET_CONN(SIP:200)22. NET_CONN_ACK

(SIP:ACK)

SSC SSC

25. NET_INFO

(SIP:INFO/MESSAGE)

26. UUI_UIND

(SIP:INFO/MSG) 2

7. U

UI_UREQ

(SIP:IN

FO/MSG)

28. NET_INFO

(SIP:INFO/MESSAGE)

RSCs

RSCs

RSCs

Resource

pool

RSCs

RSCs

RSCs

2. RSC_ALLOC_CMD

3. RSC_ALLOC_RPY

8.

RSC_ALLOC_CMD 9

. RSC_ALLOC

_RPY

11. RSC_ALLOC_CMD

12. RSC_ALLOC_RPY

23.CUTH_UIND

20. RSC_ACTV

_CMD

21a. R

SC_ACTV

_RPY

24. C

UTH_UREQ

19a. NET_CONN_ACK(SIP:ACK)

Convergence Server: Call Teardown

2. DISC_IND

3. DEREG_CMD

5. DEREG_RPY

8. D

ISC_REQ

13. D

ISC_CNF

14.DISC_RSP

15. RSC_ALLOC_CMD

16. RSC_ALLOC_RPY

6. RSC_DEACTV

_CMD

7. R

SC_DEACTV

_RPY

9. RSC_DEALLOC_CMD

10. RSC_DEALLOC_RPY

8a. RSC_DEALLOC

_CMD

9a. R

SC_DEALLOC

_RPY

Convergence Server: Registration

MS / FEMTO HLR / AC

CSRV

SSC VLRC SS7

SIP:REGISTER

SIP:REGISTER

SIP:200OK

(REGISTER)

SIP:200OK

(REGISTER) SIP:MESSAGE

(location update request)SIP:MESSAGE

(loc update request)

AUTHREQ

AUTHREQ

authreq

authreq

REGNOT

REGNOT

regnot

regnot

SIP:MESSAGE

(location update

response)SIP:MESSAGE

(location update response)

SIP:200OK(MESSAGE)

SIP:200OK

(MESSAGE)

R

e

g

i

s

t

r

a

t

i

o

n

p

r

o

c

e

d

u

r

e

D

e

r

e

g

i

s

t

r

a

t

i

o

n

SIP:REGISTER

(expire=0)

SIP:REGISTER

(expire=0)

SIP:200OK

(REGISTER)

SIP:200OK

(REGISTER)

P/I/S-CSCF

SIP:REGISTER

(3rd party)

SIP:200OK

REGISTER(3rd party)

SIP:200OK

(MESSAGE)SIP:200OK

(MESSAGE)

SIP:REGISTER

(3rd party expire=0)

SIP:200OK(3rd party

REGISTER)

CAC

Registration

request

Registration

response

Convergence Server: Call Originating

MS / FEMTO HLR / AC

CSRV

SSC VLRC SS7ASC GCC CAC

SIP:MESSAGE

(CM_SERVICE_

REQ)SIP:MESSAGE

(SERV_REQ) Authentication

requestAUTHREQ

AUTHREQ

authreq

authreqAuthentication

confirm

MGC

MGW

SIP:MESSAGE

GBL_CHALLENGE_RSPSIP:MESSAGE

GBL_CHALLENGE_

RSP

SIP:200OK

(MESSAGE)

SIP:INVITE

SIP:INVITE

SIP:INVITE

Connection

Indication (IG) Call

Admission req.

Call

Admission cnf.

Connection

Request (EG)

SIP:INVITE

SIP:100 Trying

SIP:100

SIP:100

SIP:180 Ringing

SIP:180

SIP:200 OK

SIP:200Connection

confirm (EG)

Connection

response (IG)SIP:200

SIP:180

SIP:180

SIP:200 OK

(IG) Resource request (optional)

(IG) Resource confirm (optional)

SIP:100

Resource

Request

(optional)Resource

confirm

(optional)

(EG) Resource request (optional)

(EG) Resource confirm (optional)

Resource

Binding req

(optional)Resource

Binding cnf.

(optional)

Supplementary

service control can

be invoked here

Successful SIP Registration

Convergence Server: Call Terminating

Convergence Server: SMS Originating

Convergence Server: SMS Terminating