New Patterns of Physical Geography · 2019. 8. 20. · C o n go R. Z a m b ezi R. U b a n g i R . L. Turkana Lake Victoria L. Nyasa Victoria Falls L. Nasser L. Chad L. Tana L. Tanganyika

Patterns of Physical Geography

Use the Unit Atlas to addto your knowledge ofAfrica. As you look at themaps and charts, noticegeographic patterns andspecific details about theregion. After studyingthe graphs and physicalmap on these two pages,jot down in your note-book the answers to thequestions below.

Making Comparisons1. Compare Africa’s size

and population to that ofthe United States. Howmuch larger in terms ofpopulation and size isAfrica compared to theUnited States?

2. Compare Africa’s longestriver, the Nile, to theMississippi. How muchdifference is there in thelengths?

3. How much bigger is theSahara than the largestdesert in the UnitedStates? What is thedifference in sizebetween the Sahara andthe continental UnitedStates?

402 UNIT 6

For updated statistics on Africa . . .

Length (in miles)

Nile4,160 miles

Mississippi2,357 miles

Congo2,900 miles

Niger2,600 miles

Africa

11,677,240 sq mi

ContinentalUnited States

3,165,630 sq mi

UnitedStates

281,422,000

Africa800,245,000

Population (in millions)0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

U.S. Longest

World’s Longest

NamibAfrica102,248 square miles

World’s Largest SaharaAfrica3,500,000 sq. miles

U.S. Largest MojaveUnited States25,000 square miles

KalahariAfricaabout 100,000 square miles

Comparing Data

Landmass

Rivers

Deserts

Population

DATA UPDATECLASSZONE .COM

402-407-Unit 6 Opener 10/16/02 11:15 AM Page 402

http://www.classzone.com/books/world_geography/page_build.cfm?content=data_update_u6&u=6

II

I

Mt. Kilimanjaro19,341 ft.(5,895 m)

Mt. Kenya17,058 ft.(5,199 m)

Mt. Cameroon13,451 ft.(4,100 m)

30°S

40°S

10°S

0°

10°N

20°N

30°N

40°N

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

20°E 30°E 40°E 50°E 60°E10°E10°W20°W30°W 0°

Tropic of Capricorn

WESTERNSAHARA

(MOROCCO)

MOROCCO

TUNISIA

ALGERIA

SPAIN

FRANCE

UNITEDKINGDOM

GERMANY

ITALY

TURKEY

ROMANIAHUNGARYSWITZ.

IRANIRAQ

U.A.E.

YEMEN

SAUDIARABIA

JORDAN

SYRIA

KUWAIT

BULGARIAYUGO.

GREECE

CYPRUS

ISRAELLEBANON

QATAR

ALB.

CROATIA

PORTUGAL

MAURITANIA

GAMBIA

CAPEVERDE

SENEGAL

LIBERIA

CÔTED’IVOIRE

GUINEA

BURKINAFASO

GHANA

GUINEA-BISSAU

SIERRALEONE

BEN

IN NIGERIA

TOG

O

MALI

LIBYA

SUDANCHAD

NIGER

CENTRAL AFRICANREPUBLIC

UGANDA

GABON REP. OFCONGO

DEMOCRATICREPUBLICOF CONGO

ANGOLA

NAMIBIA

ZAMBIAMALAWI

BOTSWANA

SOUTHAFRICA

LESOTHO SWAZILAND

MOZAMBIQUE

MADAGASCARMAURITIUS

COMOROS

ZIMBABWE

CAMEROON

EQUATORIAL GUINEASÃO TOMÉ AND

PRÍNCIPE

EGYPT

ETHIOPIA

SOMALIA

TANZANIA

BURUNDI

RWANDA

KENYA

ERITREA

DJIBOUTI

SEYCHELLES

ANGOLA

Canary Islands

Madeira Is.(Port.)

Réunion

St. Helena

Zanzibar Is.Pemba Is.

KatangaPlateau

TibestiMountains

NubianDesert

D

rake

nsbe

rg

Karroo

S A H A R A

S A H E L

K A L A H A R I

D E S E R T

C O N G O

B A S I N

NA

MIB

DE

SE

RT

GR

EA

TR

IFT

VA

LL

EY

LI B

YA

ND

ES

ER

T

ATLAS MOUNTAINS

MOUNTAINSAHAGGAR

HORN OFAFRICA

ETHIOPIANPLATEAU

Cape Verde

Cape ofGood Hope

Nile

SuezCanal

Benue R.

Niger

SenegalR

.

Limpopo R.

Orange R.

R.

R.W

hite

Nil

e

BlueN

ile

Congo R.

Zambezi R.

Uba

ngi

R.

L. Turkana

LakeVictoria

L. Nyasa

VictoriaFalls

L. Nasser

L. Chad

L. Tana

L. Tanganyika

Medi terranean Sea

Gulf of Guinea

Gulf ofSidra

Moz

ambi

que

Chann

el

Gulf of Aden

Re d

Se a

Strait of Gibraltar

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

I N D I A N

O C E A N

0

0 400 800 kilometers

400 800 miles

Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection

Elevation

Mountain peak

(4,000 m.)(2,000 m.)

(500 m.)(200 m.)

(0 m.)Below sea level

13,100 ft.6,600 ft.1,600 ft.

650 ft.0 ft.

N

S

EW

403

Africa: Physical

AFR

ICA


Patterns of Human Geography

In the years precedingWorld War I (1914–1918),the political map ofAfrica changeddramatically. Europeancolonial powers hadreplaced traditionalAfrican states andempires. Study thepolitical maps of Africain 1913 and Africatoday to see how thecontinent changed bythe end of the 20thcentury. Then answerthese questions in yournotebook.

Making Comparisons1. What independent

nations appear on themap of Africa in 1913and also appear on themap of Africa today?

2. Which two Europeanpowers controlled themost land in Africa in1913? Which countrycontrolled the leastamount?

3. Which countries in Africatoday formed FrenchWest Africa in 1913?

4. Which three Africancountries emerged fromcolonialism with the most territory?

404 UNIT 6

II

I

PRÍNCIPE (Port.)

SAO TOMÉ(Port.)

30°N

40°N

20°N

0°

10°S

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

50°E 60°E40°E30°E10°E 20°E0°10°W20°W30°W

Tropic of Capricorn

FRENCH WEST AFRICA

MOROCCOTUNISIA

ALGERIA

PORTUGAL SPAINITALY

OTTOMANEMPIRE

ARABIALIBYA

ANGOLA

BELGIANCONGO

CABINDA(Port.)

NIGERIA

LIBERIA CAMEROONS

GOLDCOAST

RIO DEORO

SIERRALEONE

SPANISHMOROCCO

IFNI

RIOMUNI

FERNANDO PO

TOG

OLA

NDPORTUGUESE

GUINEA

CAPEVERDE IS.(Port.)

CANARY IS.(Sp.)

MADEIRA IS.(Port.)

GAMBIA

EGYPT

ANGLO-EGYPTIAN

SUDAN

ERITREA

ETHIOPIA

ITALIANSOMALILAND

FRENCHSOMALILAND

BRITISHSOMALILAND

BRITISHEAST

AFRICA

GERMANEAST

AFRICA

GERMANSOUTHWEST

AFRICA

UNION OFSOUTH AFRICA

UGANDA

NORTHERNRHODESIA

SOUTHERNRHODESIA

BECHUANALAND

SWAZILAND

BASUTOLAND

ZANZIBAR I. (BR.)

WALVIS BAY

COMOROS IS. (FR.)

NYASALAND

MADAGASCAR

FRENCHEQ

UA

TORI

AL

AFR

ICA

M

OZAM

BIQ

UE

Mediterranean Sea

Moz

ambi

que

Chann

el

Red S ea

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

I N D I A N

O C E A N

Lagos

Dakar

Agadir

Mombasa

Fashoda

Johannesburg

AddisAbaba

Cape Town

Cairo

Pretoria

Tripoli

0

0 800 1,600 kilometers

800 1,600 miles


Belgian

British

French

German

Italian

Portuguese

Spanish

Independent state

N

S

EW

Colonialism in Africa, 1913


II

I30°N

40°N

20°N

10°N

0°

10°S

20°S

30°S

40°S

30°S

40°S

10°S

0°

10°N

20°N

30°N

40°N

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

20°E 30°E 40°E 50°E 60°E10°E10°W20°W30°W 0°

50°E 60°E40°E30°E10°E 20°E0°10°W20°W30°W

Tropic of Capricorn

WESTERNSAHARA

(MOROCCO)

MOROCCOTUNISIA

ALGERIA

MAURITANIA

GAMBIASENEGAL

LIBERIA

CÔTED’IVOIRE

GUINEA

BURKINAFASO

GHANA

GUINEA-BISSAU

SIERRALEONE

BENIN NIGERIA

TOG

O

MALI

LIBYA

SUDAN

CHADNIGER

CENTRAL AFRICANREPUBLIC

UGANDA

GABON

ANGOLA

REPUBLICOF CONGO DEMOCRATIC

REPUBLICOF CONGO

ANGOLA

NAMIBIA

ZAMBIAMALAWI

BOTSWANA

SOUTHAFRICA

LESOTHO

SWAZILAND

MOZAMBIQUE

MADAGASCARMAURITIUS

COMOROS

ZIMBABWE

CAMEROON

EQUATORIAL GUINEASÃO TOMÉ AND

PRÍNCIPE

EGYPT

ETHIOPIA

SOMALIA

TANZANIABURUNDI

RWANDA

KENYA

ERITREA

DJIBOUTI

SEYCHELLES

SPAIN

FRANCE

UNITEDKINGDOM GERMANY

ITALY

TURKEY

ROMANIAHUNGARYSWITZ.

IRANIRAQ

U.A.E.

SAUDIARABIA

JORDAN

SYRIA

KUWAIT

BULGARIAYUGO.

GREECE

CYPRUS

ISRAELLEBANON

QATAR

ALB.

CROATIA

PORTUGAL

CANARY ISLANDS(Spain)

MADEIRA IS.(Port.)

CAPEVERDE

RÉUNION(Fr.)

ST. HELENA(U.K.)

Zanzibar Pemba

Nile

Suez Canal

Benue R.

Niger

SenegalR

.

Limpopo R.

Orange R.

R.

R.W

hite

Nil

e

BlueN

ile

Congo R.

Zambezi R.

Uba

ngi

R.

L. Turkana

LakeVictoria

L. Nyasa

VictoriaFalls

L. Nasser

L. Chad

L. Tana

L. Tanganyika

Medi terranean Sea

Gulf of Guinea

Gulf ofSidra

Moz

ambi

que

Chann

el

Gulf of Aden

Re d

Se a

Strait of Gibraltar

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

I N D I A N

O C E A N

Abuja

Accra

AddisAbaba

Algiers

Antananarivo

Asmara

BissauBanjul

Conakry

Freetown

Ouagadougou

Niamey

Monrovia

N’Djamena

Nouakchott

Praia

Porto-Novo

BanguiYaoundéYamoussoukro

Libreville

LoméMalabo

Cape Town

Cairo

Kinshasa

Brazzaville

Kampala

Nairobi

Dar es Salaam

Luanda

Lusaka

MaputoPretoria

Rabat Tunis

Tripoli

Khartoum

Mogadishu

Harare

Djibouti

Lilongwe

Mbabane

Gaborone

Windhoek

KigaliBujumbura

Bloemfontein

Dakar

Maseru

Moroni

Victoria

Port Louis

São Tomé

Bamako

Abidjan Douala

IbadanLagos

Lubumbashi

Durban

Johannesburg

Alexandria

CasablancaOran

Giza

Omdurman

0


400 800 miles


N

S

EW

National capital

Other city

405

Africa: Political

AFR

ICA


406 UNIT 6

Regional Patterns

These two pages contain a graph and two thematicmaps. The graph showsthe religions of Africa.The maps show otherimportant features ofAfrica: its diversity oflanguages and its pop-ulation distribution.After studying these twopages, jot down in yournotebook the answers tothe questions below.

Making Comparisons1. Where are most of the

people in Africa living? Inwhat areas of Africa arethe fewest people living?

2. What geographic factorsmay account for thesepopulation patterns?

3. What do you notice aboutthe number of languagesin Africa? Do they belongto one language group orseveral?

AbidjanLagos

Johannesburg

Alexandria

Casablanca

AddisAbaba

Nairobi

Algiers

Cape Town

Cairo

Kinshasa

Luanda

Maputo

Khartoum

30°N

20°N

10°N

0°

10°S

20°S

30°S

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

20°E 30°E 40°E 50°E 60°E10°E0°

Tropic of Capricorn

Mediterranean Sea

Red

Se a

ATLANTICOCEAN

INDIANOCEAN0


400 800 miles


N

S

EW

One dot represents100,000 people

Greater than 10 million

2 to 6 million

Metropolitan Areas

Catholicism 15.3%

Hinduism, Baha´ism, nonreligious, and other 1.3%

Protestantism 11.3%

Ethnic African Religions 12.4%

Other forms of Christianity 19.2%

Islam 40.5%

SOURCE: Britannica Book of the Year 2000

Religions of Africa

Population Distribution of Africa


Medi terranean Sea

Gulf of Guinea

Moz

ambi

que

Chann

el

Gulf of Aden

Re d

Se a

Strait of Gibraltar

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

I N D I A N

O C E A N

A r a b i c

T u a r e g

Sango

Mbundu

A r a b i c

O r o m o

Amharic

L i n g a l a

Te d a

Dinka

Nuer

Ganda

Kongo

Luba

Shona

Zulu

XhosaAfrikaans

English

Sotho

!KungNama

Malagasy

Kirundi

Kinyarwanda

Bemba

Kikuyu

MoreFulani

Fulani

Fulani

Mende

Wolof

Akan Yoruba

HausaKanuri

Igbo

Bambara

Ar

ab

i c

So

ma

l i

Malinke

Masai

Makua

Be j a

Songhai

Swahi l i

0


400 800 miles


Afro-Asiatic

Austronesian

Indo-European

Khoisan

Niger-Congo

Nilo-Saharan

Language spokenLuba

N

S

EW

Languages of Africa

407

AFR

ICA


Regional Data File

Country Country/ Population Life Expectancya Birthrate Infant MortalityFlag Capital (2000) (years) (per 1,000 pop.) (per 1,000 live births)

(2000) (2000) (2000)

Algeria 31,471,000 69 29 44.0Algiers

Angola 12,878,000 47 48 125.0Luanda

Benin 6,396,000 50 45 93.9Porto-Novo

Botswana 1,576,000 44 32 57.2Gaborone

Burkina Faso 11,946,000 47 47 105.3Ouagadougou

Burundi 6,054,000 47 42 74.8Bujumbura

Cameroon 15,422,000 55 37 77.0Yaoundé

Cape Verde 401,000 68 37 76.9Praia

Central African 3,513,000 45 38 96.7Republic, Bangui

Chad 7,977,000 48 50 109.8N’Djamena

Comoros 578,000 59 38 77.3Moroni

Congo, Democratic 51,965,000 49 48 108.6Republic of, Kinshasa

Congo, Republic of, 2,831,000 48 40 108.6Brazzaville

Côte d’lvoire 15,980,000 47 38 112.2Yamoussoukro

Djibouti 638,000 48 39 115.0Djibouti

Egypt 68,344,000 65 26 52.3Cairo

Equatorial Guinea 453,000 50 41 108.0Malabo

Eritrea 4,142,000 55 43 81.8Asmara

Study the charts on thecountries of Africa. Inyour notebook, answerthese questions.

Making Comparisons1. Which three African

countries have the mostpeople? Locate them onthe map. Are they alsothe largest countries interms of total area?

2. Which three Africancountries have the fewestpeople? Locate them onthe map. Are they thesmallest countries interms of total area?

3. Look at Angola’s lifeexpectancy, infantmortality, and number of doctors. Judging from these statistics,does Angola have good health care?

(continued on page 410)

Notes:a Life expectancy figures for manyAfrican countries are decliningsignificantly, mainly due to poverty, politics, and the spread of AIDS.

b Doctors are defined as graduates ofa school of medicine in any medicalfield.

c A comparison of the prices of thesame items in different countries is used to figure these data.

d Includes land and water, whenfigures are available.

For updated statistics on Africa . . .

408 UNIT 6

DATA UPDATECLASSZONE .COM


http://www.classzone.com/books/world_geography/page_build.cfm?content=data_update_u6&u=6

Africa 409

Doctorsb GDPc Import/Exportc Literacy Rate Televisions Passenger Cars Total Aread

(per 100,000 pop.) (billions $US) (billions $US) (percentage) (per 1,000 pop.) (per 1,000 pop.) (square miles)(1992–1998) (1999) (1997–1999) (1998–1999) (1996–1998) (1996–1997)

85 147.6 9.3 / 13.7 66 68 17 919,590

8 11.6 3.0 / 5.0 42 124 21 481,351

6 8.1 0.566 / 0.396 38 91 6 43,483

24 5.7 2.05 / 2.36 76 27 53 231,804

3 12.4 0.572 / 0.311 22 6 3 105,869

6 4.2 0.108 / 0.056 46 10 2 10,759

7 31.5 1.5 / 2.0 74 81 7 183,591

17 0.618 0.225 / 0.038 73 45 29 1,557

4 5.8 0.17 / 0.195 44 5 3 240,534

3 7.6 0.359 / 0.288 39 2 1 495,752

7 0.41 0.05 / 0.009 59 4 18 719(1998)

7 35.7 0.46 / 0.53 59 43 7 905,365

25 4.15 0.77 / 1.7 78 8 10 132, 047

9 25.7 2.6 / 3.9 45 70 11 124,503

14 0.55 0.44 / 0.26 62 73 31 8,958

202 200.0 15.8 / 4.6 54 127 20 386,900

25 0.96 0.3 / 0.555 81 162 9 10,830

3 2.9 0.44 / 0.053 52 14 2 47,320


410 UNIT 6

Regional Data File


(2000) (2000) (2000)

Ethiopia 64,117,000 46 45 116.0Addis Ababa

Gabon 1,226,000 52 38 87.0Libreville

Gambia 1,305,000 45 43 130.0Banjul

Ghana 19,534,000 58 34 56.2Accra

Guinea 7,466,000 45 42 98.0Conakry

Guinea-Bissau 1,213,000 45 42 130.0Bissau

Kenya 30,340,000 49 35 73.7Nairobi

Lesotho 2,143,000 53 33 84.5Maseru

Liberia 3,164,000 50 50 139.1Monrovia

Libya 5,114,000 75 28 33.3Tripoli

Madagascar 14,858,000 52 44 96.3Antananarivo

Malawi 10,385,000 39 41 126.8Lilongwe

Mali 11,234,000 53 47 122.5Bamako

Mauritania 2,670,000 54 41 92.0Nouakchott

Mauritius 1,189,000 70 17 19.4Port Louis

Morocco 28,778,000 69 23 37.0Rabat

Mozambique 19,105,000 40 41 133.9Maputo

Namibia 1,771,000 46 36 68.3Windhoek

Making Comparisons(continued)

4. Use the map on page405 to choose a countryin East Africa. How manytelevisions and cars doesit have per 1,000 people?How does that compareto the United States?

5. Make a list of the top three African countries inGDP. Where are thesecountries located? Doyou notice any pattern?

6. Use the map on page405 to identify twocountries in SouthernAfrica. For each of thosecountries, calculate percapita GDP by dividingtotal GDP by population.Which country has thehigher per capita GDP?

(continued on page 412)

Notes:a Life expectancy figures for manyAfrican countries are decliningsignificantly, mainly due to poverty, politics, and the spread of AIDS.

b Doctors are defined as graduates ofa school of medicine in any medicalfield.




Africa 411



4 33.3 1.25 / 0.42 36 5 0.8 471,776

19 7.9 1.2 / 2.4 63 136 21 103,346

4 1.4 0.201 / 0.132 35 4 7 4,127

6 35.5 2.5 / 1.7 69 115 5 92,100

13 9.2 0.56 / 0.695 36 41 2 94,925

17 1.1 0.023 / 0.027 37 N/A 3 13,948

13 45.1 3.3 / 2.2 81 21 10 224,960

5 4.7 0.7 / 0.235 82 24 3 11,720(1998 est.)

2 2.85 0.142 / 0.039 38 27 9 43,000

128 39.3 7.0 / 6.6 78 143 126 679,358

11 11.5 0.793 / 0.6 65 46 4 226,658

2 9.4 0.512 / 0.51 58 2 3 47,747

5 8.5 0.65 / 0.64 38 11 3 478,764

14 4.9 0.444 / 0.425 41 91 7 397,955

85 12.3 2.1 / 1.7 84 228 61 790

46 108.0 9.5 / 7.1 47 160 39 172,413

4 18.7 1.44 / 0.3 42 4 4 302,328

30 7.1 1.5 / 1.4 81 32 38 318,000


412 UNIT 6

Regional Data File


(2000) (2000) (2000)

Niger 10,076,000 41 54 123.1Niamey

Nigeria 123,338,000 52 42 77.2Abuja

Rwanda 7,229,000 39 43 120.9Kigali

São Tomé and Príncipe 160,000 64 43 50.8São Tomé

Senegal 9,481,000 52 41 67.7Dakar

Seychelles 82,000 71 18 8.5Victoria

Sierra Leone 5,233,000 45 47 157.1Freetown

Somalia 7,253,000 46 47 125.8Mogadishu

South Africa, Pretoria/ 43,421,000 55 25 45.4Cape Town/Bloemfontein

Sudan 29,490,000 51 33 69.5Khartoum

Swaziland 1,004,000 38 41 107.7Mbabane

Tanzania 35,306,000 53 42 98.8Dodoma

Togo 5,019,000 49 42 79.7Lomé

Tunisia 9,619,000 69 22 35.0Tunis

Uganda 23,318,000 42 48 81.3Kampala

Zambia 9,582,000 37 42 109.0Lusaka

Zimbabwe 11,343,000 40 30 80.0Harare

United States 281,422,000 77 15 7.0Washington, D.C.

Making Comparisons(continued)

7. Calculate the GDP percapita for Sierra Leone,Zambia, and Eritrea bydividing GDP bypopulation. Where dothose countries rank inlife expectancy? Whatmight be the relationshipbetween a country’s GDPand its life expectancy?

Sources:ABC-CLIOCIA World Factbook 2000 onlineColumbia GazetteerPopulation Reference Bureau 2000

onlineStatesman’s Yearbook 2001UN Human Development Report 2000 U.S. Census Bureau onlineWorld Almanac 2000World Health Organization online N/A = not available

Notes:a Life expectancy figures for manyAfrican countries are decliningsignificantly, mainly due to poverty,politics, and the spread of AIDS.

b Doctors are defined as graduates of a school of medicine in any medicalfield.




Africa 413



4 9.6 0.266 / 0.269 15 26 4 489,189

19 110.5 10.0 / 13.1 61 67 5 356,669

4 5.9 0.242 / 0.071 64 N/A 2 10,169

47 .169 0.02 / 0.005 73 227 30 372

8 16.6 1.2 / 0.925 36 41 12 76,124

132 .59 0.363 / 0.091 84 190 85 178

7 2.5 0.166 / 0.041 31 26 4 27,699

4 4.3 0.327 / 0.187 24 13 2 246,200

56 296.1 26.0 / 28.0 85 125 102 471,445

9 32.6 1.26 / 0.58 56 141 1 967,494

15 4.2 1.05 / 0.825 78 107 29 6,705

5 23.3 1.44 / 0.828 74 21 2 364,898

8 8.6 0.45 / 0.4 55 20 17 21,853

70 52.6 7.47 / 5.8 69 198 28 63,378

4 24.2 1.1 / 0.471 65 26 1 91,134

7 8.5 1.15 / 0.9 76 137 16 290,585

14 26.5 2.0 / 2.0 87 29 3 150,820

251 9,255.0 820.8 / 663.0 97 847 489 3,787,319


Documents

New Patterns of Physical Geography · 2019. 8. 20. · C o n go R. Z a m b ezi R. U b a n g i R . L. Turkana Lake Victoria L. Nyasa Victoria Falls L. Nasser L. Chad L. Tana L. Tanganyika