New Proposals for Engraving

7/27/2019 New Proposals for Engraving

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Newproposalsforengraving

1-Printmakingisaprocessthattypicallyallowsartiststomakemultipleoriginalworks

ofart.Inmostcases,theartistcreatesanimageonamatrixmadeoutofmetal,stone,

wood,orothermaterials.Thematrixistheninked,andtheinkyimageistransferredto

a piece of paper, often with a press, to create an original print. By repeating the

printingprocess,theartistisabletocreatemultipleoriginalworksofart.

Atthebeginningprintmakingwasusedasaformofcommunication,butnowisvalued

asanartisticmediumwithuniquetechnicalqualities.

Printmakinghas its roots inprehistoric times, when humans placed theirhandson

cave walls and blew pulverized pigment around them to create images. In

approximately 500 BC, Sumerians carved images on cylinder seals that could be

pressedintowetclay,therebycreatingmultipleimprintstoindicatetheownershipof

goods.Chinesescholarscreatedrubbingsfromcarvedtextsaround200AD,anearly

formofprintingthatcouldbedoneonpaperandsilk.

WiththeestablishmentofpapermillsinseveralareasofGermany,France,andItalyin

the 15th century, the firstwoodcutsweremade in theWesternworld. The images

consistedmostlyofsaintsanddepictionsofthelifeofChristandoftheVirginMary;

theyalsoillustratednumerousBiblestories.Onceagoodandinexpensivepaperwas

manufactured,thequalityofprintingimproved,andmanyeditionsofillustratedbooks

werepublished.

Themostillustriousartistof theRenaissanceinnorthernEuropewasAlbrechtDürer.

Born in Nuremberg and trained as a goldsmith, he became the first great graphic

master.

Baroqueartists ofthe 17thcentury felt that an imagecouldbemore than just the

depictionofreality;itcouldhaveapowerfulemotionalimpact.Gesturecouldbecome

highly characterized, exaggerated even to a point of being grotesque. Rembrandt

standsoutasthebaroquegraphicmaster.Accomplishedinrenderingawiderangeof

subjectsfromportraitsandreligiousscenestolandscapes,Rembrandtproducedprintsofbothpowerandsubtlety.

Attheturnofthe18thcentury,PariswastheartisticcentreofEurope.Suchartistsas

FrançoisBoucherandJean-HonoréFragonarddocumentedcourtlifeindrawingsand

sketches; influentialpublishers then had thesemade into engravings,whichproved

extremelypopular.Duringthe18thcenturythegraphicartsonceagainflourishedin

Italy,asexemplifiedintheworkofGiovanniBattistaTiepolo,AntonioCanal,knownas

Canaletto,andGiovanniBattistaPiranesi.

Artist-printmakers in the nineteenth century were Turner, Whistler, Blake, Degas,Cassatt,andGoya.Thefirsthalfofthetwentiethcenturyincludemanyartist,too,such



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as Chagall, Matisse, Munch, Picasso, Miró, Arp, Ernst, Dali, Kollwitz, Beckmann,

Kandinsky,Klee,Hopper,andmore.

Since then all the artistic movements have been represented by printmaking

techniques. Cubism by Picasso, George Braque. Surrealism by AndréMasson, Dalí,

Miró. ExpressionismbyKirchner,OttoMueller,PaulKlee,Kandinsky, among others.Was in this centurywhenartists asAndyWarhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Indiana,

membersofthePopArtMovement,usedscreen-printingforhispaintings.Sincethen

screen-printingisconsideredoneartistictechnique.

ThePopArtmovementemploysaspectsofmassmediamaterialsuchasmagazines,

newspapers, films, and photographs; these were combined impersonally and

repetitively,oftenresultinginimaginativeimagery.

Printmakingworkshopsarenowspreadacrosstheworld.

2-Nowadays, artists continue to use printmaking for its unique visual qualities. As

today’s artist-printmakers work combining different techniques to produce original

worksandcreatenewartforms.

Screen-printing,digitalprint(Giclée)andC.N.C.processescanbecombinedmaterially.

In fact, contemporary printmaking isdefined by traditional and digital technologies

(using inkjet and laserprinters).Workwithbothoffers printmakers anew rangeof

possibilities,whichdissolvetheboundariesbetweenmediaandthemarkerwiththe

materialityoftheprintprocess.

3-Screenprintingusesastencilmethodtocreateimages.Firsttheartistmustbuildascreenbytightlystretchingandattachingafinelywovenfabric,usuallymonofilament

polyester,toasturdywoodormetalframe.Then, theartistusesamaterialsuchas

paper,adhesivestencils,orphotographicprocessestoblockoutareasonthescreen;

theareasleftopenwillprint.Theartistlaysthescreenontopofasheetofpaperor

othermaterialandsqueegeesinkacrosstheentirescreen.Theinkpassesthroughthe

openareasofthestenciltocreatetheimage.Theartistcanthenmakemorestencils

andcanbuildimagesinlayerswithdifferentcoloursanddesigns.

TheSerigraph/Screen-print/Silkscreenprocessdoesnotrequireaprintingpress.This

techniquewasmadefamousinthe1960's,whenartistssuchasAndyWarholexploited

its artisticpossibilities and commercial look tomake Pop icons. Screen-printing has

commonly been used as a graphic art, too. Screen-printing is valued for its

straightforward process, its expedient creation of large editions, the variety of

materials itcanprint onto, andfor its integrationofhand-drawn,photographicand

digitalimages.

4-Artist have, throughout history, adapted to news materials and machinery.

Nowadays,theuseofindustrialanddigitaltechnologiesiscommonintheartistswork.

Thismachinery,asa creativetool,offers the possibilitytoresearchandexperiment

newformsofprintmaking.



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TherearemanyartistswhouseComputerNumericControl(CNC)MachinesintheirArt

Works. Thistechnology develop newprints, artists’books andpaper-based creative

art,craftanddesign,3Dprinting.

CNCroutermachineWorksmillingtodrawingolasercuttingcreateprintingplatesor

blocksinalotofdifferentmaterialsasWood,copper,plastics,etc.

Oneof12woodblocksforAspenGrove,byMikeLyon,duringcarvingonaShopBotCNCrouter

CNCmillingmachine

LaserCuttingMachineCO2

Plottercut

Typeofmaterial TypeofLaser

Laser

CO2

Laser

YAG /

YV04

Laser

UV

Acrylic x - -

Gaucho x - -

Carton x - -

Ceramic x - -

Cork x - -

Wood x - -

Metal - x -

Paper x - -

Stone x - -

Leather/Cuero x - -

Plastic x x x

Textile/fabrics en

generalx - -

Glass x - x



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3dPrintingmachine

CNCmachiningistheexactoppositeof3Dprinting:

• 3Dprinterstartswithanemptyspace,andkeepsadding

small chunks ofmaterial (voxels,or3Dpixels) until thedesiredpartisthere.

• CNCmillingmachinestartswithasolidblockofmaterial,

andkeepsremovingsmallchunks(chips)untilthedesired

partisthere.

Printmaking offers a lot of opportunities for experimentation, imagination andinnovation.While the traditional techniques of the medium are centuries old, new

methodsareconstantlyevolvingartiststoexploreboundlesspossibilitiesfor creative

expression.

In this course “ New forms of engraving” we are going to work in two

differentactivitiesbeforethefinalProject.1- Onescreen-printinginaphotomechanicalprocess.2- Onemixedmediaprintwithdigitalimage+lasercutpaper(ormanual

cutter)+screen-printing.

WearegoingtorelyontheworkofEllenGallagher,BrookeVertin,JanHendrix,

JohnHitchcock,AnnieVoughtandMiaLiu,amongothers.



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EllenGallagher

BrookeVertin

JanHendrix

JohnHitchcok

AnnieVought



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MiaLiu

Web-sitesrelatedtoprintmaking

OnPrintmaking

http://www.worldprintmakers.com/english/opm.htmAguidetoukiyo-esitesontheinternet

http://www.bahnhof.se/~secutor/ukiyo-e/guide.html

Thehistoryofprintmakingfromthe-artists.org

http://www.the-artists.org/search/prints-h.cfm

MuseumofModernArt“WhatisaPrint”

http://www.moma.org/exhibitions/2001/whatisaprint/flash.html

-Showsthefourmainprintmakingprocessesstepbystepinaninteractivemethod

Magical-Secrets:APrintmakingCommunity;TheArtofEtchingandtheTruthofLife

http://www.magical-secrets.com/

PBSArt:21PrintmakingandStereotypes

http://www.pbs.org/art21/education/studentartprojects/project8/index.html-PrintmakinglessononprintmakingandstereotypesonthePBSweb-site

WorldWideArtsResources(WWAR)

http://wwar.com

-MetropolitanMuseumofArt.

Library

Internacionaldirectoryofartlibraries:

http://iberia.vassar.edu/ifla-idal/

-elaboradoporlaseccióndebibliotecasdeartedelaIFLA

BAEPhttp://www.mcu.es/BAEP

-grupodeBibliotecasdeArtedeEspañayPortugal:

CentreNationalMuseodeArteReinaSofía:

http://www.mcu.es/bases/spa/brso/BRSO.html

CentreGeorgesPompidou

http://www.bpi.fr/

accesoalservidordelabibliotecapúblicadeinformación.

TheNationalArtLibrary(UnitedKingdom)

http:www.nal.vam.ac.uk/nalcoomct.html

http://www.vam.ac.uk/page/p/prints/

Documents

New Proposals for Engraving