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NewSahonagasy Action Plan
2016-2020
New Sahonagasy Action Plan 2016 – 2020Nouveau plan d’Action Sahonagasy 2016 – 2020Edited by:
Franco Andreone, IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group - Madagascar Jeff S. Dawson, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust Falitiana C. E. Rabemananjara, IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group - MadagascarNirhy H.C. Rabibisoa, IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group - Madagascar Tsanta F. Rakotonanahary, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust
With assistance from:
Candace M. Hansen-Hendrikx, Amphibian Survival AllianceJames P. Lewis, Amphibian Survival Alliance/Rainforest Trust
Published by: Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali (Turin, Italy) and Amphibian Survival Alliance (Warrenton, VA)
Publication date: June 2016
Recommended citation: Andreone, F., Dawson, J.S., Rabemananjara, F.C.E., Rabibisoa, N.H.C. & Rakotonanahary, T.F. (eds). 2016. New Sahonagasy Action Plan 2016–2020 / Nouveau Plan d'Action Sahonagasy 2016–2020. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali and Amphibian Survival Alliance, Turin.
ISBN: 978-88-97189-26-8
Layout by: Candace M. Hansen-Hendrikx, Amphibian Survival Alliance
Translation into French: Mathilde Malas, Speech Bubbles, www.speechbubbles.eu
Printed by: Centro Stampa Regione Piemonte, Turin
Front cover: Spinomantis aglavei, Gonçalo M. Rosa
Back cover: Mantella expectata, Gonçalo M. Rosa
IUCN - International Union for Conservation of NatureFounded in 1948, The International Union for Conservation of Nature brings together States, government agencies and a diverse range of nongovernmental organizations in a unique world partnership: over 1,000 members in all spread across some 140 countries. As a Union, IUCN seeks to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable. The IUCN builds on the strengths of its members, networks and partners to enhance their capacity and to support global alliances to safeguard natural resources at local, regional and global levels.
IUCN - Species Survival CommissionThe Species Survival Commission (SSC) is the largest of IUCN’s six volunteer commissions with a global membership of 8,000 experts. SSC advises IUCN and its members on the wide range of technical and scientific aspects of species conservation and is dedicated to securing a future for biodiversity. SSC has significant input into the international agreements dealing with biodiversity conservation.
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist GroupThe IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (ASG) is a global volunteer network of dedicated experts who donate their time and expertise to create a community from where practical amphibian conservation can be advanced based on a solid foundation of science. This network consists of over 500 members in over 40 Regions/Countries, enabling the ASG to act on a global scale.
Durrell Wildlife Conservation TrustDurrell Wildlife Conservation Trust is an international charity working globally to save species from extinction. Headquartered in Jersey in the Channel Islands, Durrell focuses on the most threatened species in the most threatened places. Established by author and conservationist, Gerald Durrell, in 1963, Durrell is unique among conservation organisations in integrating four core areas of operation: the Wildlife Park in Jersey as a centre of excellence in animal husbandry, research, training and education; the Field Programme which undertakes conservation action where it is needed most; the Conservation Academy which builds the capacity of conservation practitioners; Conservation Science which underpins all activities.
Museo Regionale di Scienze NaturaliThe MRSN is a natural history museum based in Turin (Italy). It develops programs of research, education and conservation. It manages important collections of zoology, botany, and geo-palaeontology.
Amphibian Survival AllianceThe Amphibian Survival Alliance (ASA) is the world’s largest partnership for amphibian conservation, formed in response to the decline of frogs, salamanders and caecilians worldwide. Without immediate and coordinated action we stand to lose half of some 7,000 species of amphibians in our lifetimes. The ASA draws on cutting-edge research to protect amphibians and key habitats worldwide, in addition to educating and inspiring the global community to become a part of the amphibian conservation movement.
TAB
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TSForeword 1
Editors & Contributors 3
Acknowledgements 9
Introduction 11
Chytrid in Madagascar: An Overview 14
Developing Madagascar’s Ex Situ Capacity 15
Engaging Stakeholders in Amphibian Conservation 16
New Sahonagasy Action Plan 2016—2020 17
Theme 1: Coordination of research and conservation activities 20
Theme 2: Monitoring Madagascar’s amphibians and their environment 24
Theme 3: Emerging infectious diseases 27
Theme 4: Site management for the conservation of amphibians 33
Theme 5: Harvesting and trade of amphibians 35
Theme 6: Captive breeding and zoo actions 36
Appendix - 2008 Sahonagasy Action Plan Review 39
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Boophis majori © Gonçalo M. Rosa
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Heterixalus madagascariensis © Gonçalo M. Rosa
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EDITORS
CONTRIBUTORS
Franco Andreone, IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group-Madagascar/Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Via G. Giolitti 36, I-10123 Torino, Italy Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Jeff S. Dawson, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Les Augrés Manor, La Profonde Rue, Trinity, Jersey JE3 5BP, Channel Islands, UK Email: [email protected]
Falitiana C. E. Rabemananjara, IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group-Madagascar/Department of Biology, University of Antananarivo, BP 906, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Nirhy H. C. Rabibisoa, IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group-Madagascar/Department of Zoology, University of Mahajanga, 1 Rue Georges V, Mahajanga, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Tsanta Rakotonanahary, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust - Madagascar Programme, Lot II Y 49 J Ampasinamalo, BP 8511 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Luciano Andriamaro, Conservation International, Lot II W 27D, Rue Vittori François Ankorahotra, Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Manantsoa Andriatahina, WWF MDCO, Madagascar Country Office, Près Lot II M 85 Ter Antsakaviro, Po Box 738, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Phil Bishop, Amphibian Survival Alliance / University of Otago, 362 Leith Street, North Dunedin, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand Email: [email protected]
Molly Bletz, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany Email: [email protected]
Lee Brady, Calumma Ecological Services, 13 Woodside, Faversham, Kent ME13 9NY, UK Email: [email protected]
John E. Cadle, Centre ValBio, BP33 312 Ranomafana, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Roseline Chambaud, Parc et Château de Thoiry, Rue du Pavillon de Montreuil, 78770 Thoiry, France Email: [email protected]
Valerie C. Clark, Ph.D., Research Assistant Professor, Ecology & Evolution, Stony Brook University, New York 11794, U.S.A. and the Indigenous Forest Research Organization for Global Sustainability (i.F.r.o.g.s), Stuart, Florida 34997, U.S.A. Email: [email protected]
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Angelica Crottini, CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade de Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armano Quinta, no 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal Email: [email protected]
Devin Edmonds, Association Mitsinjo, Lot 104 A Andasibe Gare, Andasibe, 514 Moramanga, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Matthew C. Fisher, Imperial College London, Department Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College School of Public Health, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK Email: [email protected]
Karen Freeman, Madagascar Fauna and Flora Group, BP 442, Morafeno, 501 Toamasina, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Gerardo Garcia, North of England Zoological Society - Chester Zoo, Upton-by-Chester, Chester CH2 1LH, UK Email: [email protected]
Cathy Gibaud, Parc et Château de Thoiry, Rue du Pavillon de Montreuil, 78770 Thoiry, France Email: [email protected]
Frank Glaw, Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Müchhausenstraße 21, 81247 Munich, Germany Email: [email protected]
Chris Gleed-Owen, CGO Ecology Ltd, 33 Saint Catherine’s Road, Bournemouth, Dorset BH6 4AE, UK Email: [email protected]
Julian Glos, Zoological Institute, University of Hamburg, Martin Luther King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany Email: [email protected]
Brian Gratwicke, Smithsonian Institution National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washinton, DC 20008, USA Email: [email protected]
Richard A. Griffiths, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, Marlowe Building, The University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK Email: [email protected]
Reid Harris, Amphibian Survival Alliance / James Madison University, 800 S Main Street, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA Email: [email protected]
Carl Hutter, University of Kansas, 1450 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA Email: [email protected]
Bernard Iambana, Madagascar Fauna and Flora Group, BP 442, Morafeno, 501 Toamasina, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
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Kevin Johnson, Amphibian Ark, c/o Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124-8151, USA Email: [email protected] Richard E. Lewis, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust - Madagascar Programme, Lot II Y 49 J Ampasinamalo, BP 8511, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Edward Louis, Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, 3701 S 10th Street, Omaha, NE 68107, USA Email: [email protected]
Jennifer Luedtke, IUCN SSC Amphibian Red List Authority, 7-9 North Parade Buildings, Bath BA1 1NS, UK Email: [email protected]
Olivier Marquis, Parc Zoologique de Paris, Route de Ceinture du Lac Daumesnil, 75012 Paris, France Email: [email protected]
Chantal Misandeau, ADEFA - Association de Défense de la Forêt d’Ambodiriana, 3 Rue de Cocotiers, Lot Pointe des Châteaux, 97436 Saint Leu, France Email: [email protected]
Maya Moore, Madagascar Fauna and Flora Group, BP 442, Morafeno, 501 Toamasina, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Serge Ndriantsoa, Department of Biology, University of Antananarivo, BP 906, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Jean Noël, Madagascar Fauna and Flora Group, BP 442, Morafeno, 501 Toamasina, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Tsiky Rabetrano, Réseau de la Biodiversité de Madagascar, Villa Ifanomezantsoa, Face 11 A 78 D, Soavimbahoaka, BP 8500, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Sahondra Rabesihanaka, Service de la Gestion de la Faune et de la Flore Direction de la Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Direction Générale des Forêts, Ministère de l'Environnement, de la Mer et des Forêts, BP 243, Nanisana, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Eric Rabsomanitrandrasana, Service de la Gestion de la Faune et de la Flore Direction de la Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Direction Générale des Forêts, Ministère de l'Environnement, de la Mer et des Forêts, BP 243, Nanisana, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Harilala Rahantalisoa, Association Vondrona Ivon’ny Fampandrosoana, Lot MB 397 Mahabo Andoharonofotsy, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
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Felix Rakotondraparany, Department of Biology, University of Antananarivo, BP 906, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Eddie Rakotondrasoa, Madagasikara Voakajy, Lot II F 14 P A Bi Andraisoro, BP 5181, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Herilala Randriamahazo, Turtle Survival Alliance, VO 12 Bis A Manakambahiny, Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Lalatiana Randriamiharisoa, Madagascar National Parks, BP 1424 Ambatobe, 103 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Joseph Christian Randrianantoandro, Madagasikara Voakajy, Lot II F 14 P A Bi Andraisoro, BP 5181, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Harison Randrianasolo, Conservation International, Lot II W 27D, Rue Vittori François Ankorahotra, Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Roger Daniel Randrianiaina, Department of Biology, University of Antananarivo, BP 906, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Jasmin Emile Randrianirina, Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, Rue Fernand Kasanga, Tsimbazaza, BP 4096, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Hiarinirina Randrianizahana, Direction Général des Forêts - Direction des Aires Protégées Terrestres, BP 243 Nanisana, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Fano Ratsoavina, Department of Biology, University of Antananarivo, BP 906, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Attale Ravaoarimalala, Direction Général des Forêts, CITES Fauna, BP 243 Nanisana, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Bertrand Razafimahatratra, Départment de Biologie Animale, Université d’Antananarivo, BP 906 Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Hanta Julie Razafimanahaka, Madagasikara Voakajy, Lot II F 14 P A Bi Andraisoro, BP 5181, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Dimby Razafimpahanana, Wildlife Conservation Society / REBIOMA, Villa Ifanomezantsoa, Face II A 78 D, Soavimbahoaka, BP 8500, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
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Hanta Razafindraibe, Department of Biology, University of Antananarivo, BP 906, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Jana Riemann, Zoological Institute, University of Hamburg, Martin Luther King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany Email: [email protected]
Gonçalo M. Rosa, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, Marlowe Building, The University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK Email: [email protected]
Mark D. Scherz, Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Müchhausenstraße 21, 81247 Munich, Germany Email: [email protected]
Denis Vallan, Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Postfach, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland Email: [email protected]
Ché Weldon, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa Email: [email protected]
Lance Woolaver, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust - Madagascar Programme, Lot II Y 49 J Ampasinamalo, BP 8511, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar Email: [email protected]
Patricia C. Wright, Director - Institute for the Conservation of the Tropical Environment, Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Circle Road, Social and Behavioural Sciences Building, 5th Floor, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4364, USA. Email: [email protected]
Mitsinjo technicians. © Devin Edmonds
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Boophis doulioti © Gonçalo M. Rosa
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This action plan was the result of the ACSAM2, ‘A Conservation Strategy for the Amphibians of Madagascar’ meeting held from 18–22 November 2014 at Centre ValBio, Ranomafana, Madagascar; subsequent remote review process amongst participants and a review meeting for Malagasy stakeholders in Antananarivo on June 12, 2015. A huge thank you therefore goes to the Amphibian Survival Alliance for leading fundraising efforts and to Eileen Larney, John E. Cadle, Patricia C. Wright and the whole team and staff at Centre ValBio for being wonderful hosts and enabling the meeting to achieve what it did.
Many thanks to Tsanta Rakotonanahary, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust’s Madagascar office staff and Falitiana C. E. Rabemananjara for their sterling efforts in helping arrange logistics running up to both ACSAM2 and the review meeting in Antananarivo as well as for arranging press coverage for ACSAM2. Special thanks also to Gerardo Garcia for help in facilitating ACSAM2 and to Domoina Rakotobe for facilitating the Malagasy review meeting in Antananarivo.
Of course we thank all the following organisations, institutions and individuals who provided financial and logistical support enabling this meeting to take place:
Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, The Herpetological Society of Ireland, Centre ValBio, Société pour la Conservation des Amphibiens de Madagascar, Societas Herpetologica Italica, Cibio/Inbio: Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Frogs Are Green, Regione Piemonte, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, CGO Ecology, Detroit Zoo, Amphibian Survival Alliance, Madagascar Fauna and Flora Group, International Society for the Study and Conservation of Amphibians, Omaha Henry Doorly Zoo, Amphibian Ark, Parc Zoologique de Paris, Université d’Antananarivo, Thoiry-Peaugres Conservation, Parco Natura Viva, Bristol Zoo Gardens, Vahatra, Hugh Barry Ferguson, Erik Ohlson, Becca Wier, Nicole Chaney and Rebecca Stobbart.
Finally, thanks to all those participants from Madagascar and overseas who contributed to the formation of this action plan.
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Gephyromantis asper © Gonçalo M. Rosa
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When, at the end of the 1980’s, I traveled to Madagascar driven by my passion in herpetology, comparatively little was known about the conservation issues of the country’s endemic amphibians. During my first expeditions, I had with me a copy of the grey-covered “Faune de Madagascar”, authored by Blommers-Schlösser and Blanc. Unfortunately, species identification was a gamble and many descriptions were based upon museum specimens. This situation suddenly changed when Glaw and Vences published the first of three editions of their renowned fieldguides, thus posing the basis for the description of an impressive number of species and highlighted the high value of Madagascar as an amphibian diversity hotspot.
Currently, as of late 2015, Malagasy frog species number around 300, but another 200 still wait to be formally described. This rapid taxonomic turnover has been almost inextricably linked with the knowledge and understanding that the frogs’ original natural habitats–mainly rain and dry forests–were rapidly disappearing and
that new threats were emerging. I soon realised that many species were subject to the herpetological pet trade, that was often indiscriminate and without control. As a consequence of this trade one of the most iconic Malagasy species, the tomato frog (Dyscophus antongilii), had already been included in Appendix I of the Washington Convention (CITES). At the same time, many species of Mantella, which are characterized by contrasting colors and largely diurnal activity, were exported but not yet regulated (except for Mantella aurantiaca). Trade in species along with the high rate of deforestation in Madagascar has always acted as an ecological alarm bell for conservation emergencies, including the country’s frogs. As such several herpetologists working in Madagascar started addressing the public’s attention to the particular ecological sensitivity of and threats facing frogs. Put simply, as interest regarding some of the most iconic animals of Madagascar, the lemurs, grew it did also for amphibians, giving rise to a high conservation interest in amphibians within a few years.
Dyscophus antongilii © Franco Andreone
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In response to a mandate made by famous conservationists working in Madagascar, such as Russ Mittermeier and Olivier Langrand at the development of the Amphibian Conservation Action Plan (ACAP) in Washington D.C. in 2005, I did my best to put together a project and gather people to create a global initiative of conservation for Malagasy amphibians. The first step in this was the establishment of the IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group for Madagascar, co-chaired by myself and first Herilala Randriamahazo and later Nirhy H.C. Rabibisoa. The ASG Madagascar oriented and directed much research conducted on amphibians in Madagascar with a particular attention to their conservation and in 2006 organised the first ACSAM (A Conservation Strategy for the Amphibians of Madagascar) workshop in Antananarivo. This international conference was attended by many people, including researchers, conservationists and politicians from Madagascar and internationally. It enabled people to discuss and put together the first national action plan for amphibians, called the Sahonagasy Action Plan (“sahona” in Malagasy means “frog,” while “gasy” is a contraction for “Malagasy”). The SAP was subsequently officially accepted by the Malagasy authorities, making Madagascar one of the first nations to define a strategy specifically for the conservation of amphibians.
The years following the SAP saw the number of studies being conducted on amphibians increase, along with more specific attention on some iconic species. Symbols of this conservation have included the harlequin mantella (Mantella cowanii) in Antoetra, the golden mantella (Mantella aurantiaca) in Torotorofotsy and Mangabe areas, and the micro-endemic frogs (Mantidactylus pauliani and Boophis williamsi) from the Ankaratra Massif. Put simply, the SAP and ACSAM has allowed people to put “conservation into practice”. An important outcome was also the constitution of the Chytrid Emergency Cell (CEC), a group of national and international researchers, who started to raise attention in Madagascar to one of the worst pathogens affecting amphibians globally, the chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) which was
recently discovered in Madagascar. Chytrid, together with the invasion of the alien Asian toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) around the Toamasina (Tamatave) area, have become two of the highest conservation priorities in recent years in addition to the continued habitat loss. These new threats also laid the basis for the realisation in 2014 of a second meeting and workshop, named ACSAM2 to develop an updated SAP. This took place in the attractive landscape of the Parc National de Ranomafana and again brought together reseachers, conservationists and politicians from Madagascar 8 years after the first ACSAM. It provided an opportunity to review the progress made against the actions from the 2008 Sahonagasy Action Plan (see Appendix for this review) and develop a new set of strategies and revised actions.
It is now time to develop and implement the new strategies and define relevant actions that are duly highlighted in this Sahonagasy Action Plan “Vaovao” (new). We all believe that in the forthcoming years successful conservation actions will increase, making of Madagascar a pioneer country in putting amphibian conservation into practice.
Franco Andreone IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group - Madagascar (Co-chair) Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Via G. Giolitti, 36 I-10123 Torino, Italy [email protected] [email protected]
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CHYTRID IN MADAGASCAR: AN OVERVIEW OF THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE INITIATIVES
By the time SAP saw daylight, the pathogenic fungus known as Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd or chytrid) was thought to be absent from Madagascar. This made Madagascar a perfect system where pre-emptive measures against chytrid could be put in place. Activities to address the potential threat of Bd began proactively in October 2010, with a workshop on chytrid prevention held at Parc Ivoloina. As a result of this workshop, an “emergency unit” (Chytrid Emergency Cell, CEC) the government-appointed body to lead and coordinate the monitoring and response actions related to Bd in Madagascar was created, and numerous training opportunities have been developed for students, researchers and decision makers in Madagascar. Simultaneously, a National Monitoring Program for the early detection of Bd was initiated. This effort was soon coupled with the establishment of a research program aiming to identify effective probiotics for Malagasy frogs, and to successfully and safely implement probiotic therapy through bioaugmentation. Supported by ASG, the CEC has also been working with the Malagasy government to
implement quarantine measures related to commercial trade in aquarium fishes and plants to prevent the accidental introduction of Bd. After the first detection of Bd in 2010 in Madagascar, new priorities have been identified in the New Sahonagasy Action Plan to deal with this potential conservation crisis. These include the implementation and dissemination of biosafety protocols among researchers and authorities, the development of an emergency response strategy, the establishment of a national protocol to streamline permitting issues, and finally enhance both mitigation research and ex situ conservation capacity. Also in terms of research it was found crucial the maintenance of a monitoring program, the identification of the Bd lineage(s) and the characterization of its/their virulence.
Falitiana C. E. Rabemananjara, Chytrid Emergency Cell; Angelica Crottini, CIBIO; Gonçalo M. Rosa, Institute of Zoology-Zoological Society of London; Molly Bletz, Technische Universität Braunschweig.
The emergence of infectious diseases is playing a crucial role in the global amphibian decline and a considerable portion of the efforts of the 2008 Sahonagasy Action Plan (SAP) have been invested in this direction.
Chytrid monitoring at Ankaratra. © Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust
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DEVELOPING MADAGASCAR’S EX SITU CONSERVATION CAPACITYThe ability to establish captive survival assurance colonies of threatened Malagasy frog species was a major objective of the 2008 Sahonagasy Action Plan (SAP). Since its publication, a number of important steps have been made, notably with the launch of Madagascar’s first captive breeding facilities.
Located in Andasibe and managed by the community-run Association Mitsinjo in collaboration with the Direction Générale des Forêt and Amphibian Specialist Group of Madagascar, the first facility of this kind was launched in April 2011. Aligning with the objectives of the SAP, the facility’s local staff conduct husbandry research to determine the captive requirements of species from varied ecological guilds. The project also maintains a genetically viable population of Mantella aurantiaca from a population now extirpated due to mining activities.
To date Mitsinjo’s facility has maintained eight frog species, breeding three to the F2 generation and conducting a number of valuable studies that have led to better management practices for species previously unknown in captivity. Perhaps even more importantly, a team of half a dozen Malagasy technicians are now experienced in maintaining captive amphibians and their live food cultures.
Captive breeding progress has also been made further east at Parc Ivoloina. Following a Chester Zoo and Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust led workshop in 2012, Parc Ivoloina began developing a facility dedicated to amphibian conservation and captive breeding. Although still in its early stages, three Parc Ivoloina keepers have since begun successfully culturing live foods, which is the first step to running amphibian breeding programmes. The development of Mitsinjo’s and Parc Ivoloina’s breeding facilities highlights the progress made towards increasing ex situ conservation capacity within Madagascar since enacting the original SAP, and which we expect to grow further through this updated SAP.
Devin Edmonds, Association Mitsinjo, Andasibe, Madagascar
Training at Parc Ivoloina. © Devin Edmonds
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ENGAGING STAKEHOLDERS IN AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATIONEstablishing new protected areas for amphibians was one of the key actions of the 2008 Sahonagasy Action Plan (SAP). Since then, two Malagasy conservation organizations have been working to create two new protected areas for amphibians: Association Vondrona Ivon’ny Fampandrosoana who created Ankaratra in the central highlands, and Madagasikara Voakjy (MaVoa,) who created Mangabe-Ranomena-Sahasarotra (Mangabe) in eastern Madagascar.
Mangabe was created mainly for the conservation of the Critically Endangered golden mantella frog Mantella aurantiaca. Located south of Moramanga town, Mangabe holds over 60% of the known breeding ponds for this species. A specific conservation strategy was developed for the species in 2010 and highlighted the need to create Mangabe as a protected area.
Creating Mangabe new protected area required an engagement of all stakeholders, from the local communities to the national decision-makers. As such, MaVoa, organized over 60 meetings at the villages, Fokontany, Communes, District, Region and national levels. These meetings aimed to increase awareness of all stakeholders on the existence of this unique species, obtain their views on its conservation and the site overall, and define the plan for the protected area management. In addition awareness campaigns were also conducted in villages;
at the primary schools in the area; in the town of Moramanga and at national events. As a result, Mangabe management plan was approved by the Malagasy government and a decree for its definitive protection was promulgated in April 2015 (decree n˚2015/725).
Preventing further degradation of golden mantella breeding ponds remains a challenge in Mangabe new protected area. Local people and recent immigrants are not averse to converting them into rice fields and others, who are expecting to find gold there, have started digging holes. For the next five years, in accordance with the new SAP, we will be working to mitigating these threats.
Eddie Rakotondrasoa and Julie Hanta Razafimanahaka, Madagasikara Voakajy
Mantella aurantiaca © Franco Andreone
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Platypelis sp. aff. pollicaris © Gonçalo M. Rosa
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NEW SAHONAGASY ACTION PLAN 2016 - 2020This action plan is the result of discussions from the ACSAM2 ‘A Conservation Strategy for the Amphibians of Madagascar’ meeting that took place at Centre ValBio, Ranomafana from the 18-22 November 2014 and three subsequent reviews.
A five-year action plan the actions for delivery are split into six broad themes as follows:
Theme 1: Coordination of research and conservation activities
This theme covers actions relating to overall delivery of the action plan including coordination, communication and fundraising. This theme also includes many cross-cutting actions such as education and awareness relating to amphibians; collection and export permits; in-country molecular laboratory development and in-country amphibian collections.
Theme 2: Monitoring Madagascar’s amphibians and their environment
This theme covers actions to improve the understanding and knowledge around amphibians in Madagascar, their environment and threats. This includes identifying and monitoring key species and sites; developing the monitoring capacity within Madagascar and climate change research.
Theme 3: Emerging infectious diseases
This theme covers actions relating to chytridiomycosis and other infectious amphibian disease threats in Madagascar. This includes monitoring and research into disease threats; strategic planning for mitigating potential future disease outbreaks and disease specific education, awareness raising and communication.
Theme 4: Site management for the conservation of amphibians
This theme covers actions relating to improving the Protected Area coverage for amphibians in Madagascar. This includes developing new Protected Areas for amphibians and integrating amphibians more into existing Protected Area management plans.
Theme 5: Harvesting and trade of amphibians
This theme covers actions relating to the research and monitoring of amphibian species within both the international and domestic trade.
Theme 6: Captive breeding and zoo actions
This theme covers actions relating to the captive breeding of Malagasy amphibians’ in-country and overseas. This includes the appointment of a dedicated ex situ Coordinator and captive breeding focussed action plan; capacity development in Madagascar and associated captive breeding awareness raising and research.
19
Acronyms AArk
Amphibian Ark
MaVoa
Madagasikara Voakajy
ASA Amphibian Survival Alliance MEEMF Ministère de l’Environnement, de l’Ecologie, de la Mer et des Forêts
ASG-Mad Amphibian Specialist Group-Madagascar MFG Madagascar Fauna and Flora Group
ATAG/EAZA
Amphibian Taxon Advisory Group / European Aquarium and Zoo Association
Mitsinjo Association Mitsinjo
CEC Chytrid Emergency Cell / Cellule d’Urgence MNP Madagascar National Parks
Chester North of England Zoological Society, Chester Zoo NGO Non Governmental Organisation
CIBIOCentro de Investagação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Portugal
NWU North-West University, South Africa
CVB Centre ValBio PBZT Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza
DGF Direction Générale des Forêts SCAM Société pour le Conservation des Amphibiens de Madagascar
Durrell Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust TU German Institutes of Technology
Imperial Imperial College London UADBA University of Antananarivo, Department of Biology
JMU James Madison University ZSL Zoological Society of London
Key to tables
Actions: Description of the actions to be implemented over the next 5-years under the guidelines that resulted from the ACSAM2 workshop
Priority: The relative priority in terms of amphibian conservation need. High, Medium, Low
Timeframe: The estimated time to implement the action within the scope of this Action Plan (2016 - 2020). Short (1-2 years), Medium (3-5 Years), Long (over 5 years or ongoing)
Indicators: How progress and success of the action will be measured. Ideally require a measure e.g. report and a target completion time e.g. Year 3
Institutions: The organisations, groups and individuals who have been identified to take the lead on implementing the action. Note these are NOT the only organisations who will be involved in implementing the action.
Notes and comments: Notes relating to the action e.g. possible risks or opportunities to achieving the action or suggestions made during ACSAM2 and subsequent consultation.
20
Them
e 1:
Coo
rdin
atio
n of
res
earc
h an
d co
nser
vatio
n ac
tiviti
es
Act
ion
Prio
rity
(H, M
, L)
Tim
efra
me
(S, M
, L)
Indi
cato
rs
(By
end
of t
ime
fram
e or
5 y
ears
)
Inst
itut
ions
Not
es a
nd C
omm
ents
1.1
Und
erta
ke a
rev
iew
of t
he
ASG
-Mad
agas
car
role
s an
d fo
rm a
n Am
phib
ian
Com
mitt
ee
Mad
agas
car
(ACM
) to
impr
ove
coor
dina
tion
and
com
mun
icat
ion
of A
ctio
n Pl
an
Hig
hSh
ort
ASG
-Mad
agas
car
Exec
utiv
e Se
cret
aria
t ro
les
revi
ewed
with
rev
ised
term
s an
d co
nditi
ons
by e
nd Y
ear
1
Pers
ons
resp
onsi
ble
for
amph
ibia
ns
with
in o
ther
key
inst
itutio
ns id
entifi
ed
by e
nd Y
ear
1
Role
s of
all
mem
bers
of A
mph
ibia
n Co
mm
ittee
Mad
agas
car
clar
ified
by
end
Year
1 (d
ocum
ent)
Annu
al m
eetin
g of
ACM
to r
evie
w
prog
ress
of A
ctio
n Pl
an (r
epor
t)
ASA
/ ASG
, ACM
How
bes
t to
impl
emen
t - c
oord
inat
ion
and
orga
nisa
tion
are
key;
de
dica
ted
posi
tion
with
fu
ndra
isin
g as
sist
ance
fr
om A
SA is
des
irab
le.
1.2
Seek
and
sec
ure
fund
s to
ena
ble
the
cont
inue
d co
ordi
natio
n an
d im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e AC
SAM
2 Ac
tion
Plan
Hig
hLo
ngEx
pert
fund
rais
er e
ngag
ed th
roug
h AS
A by
end
of Y
ear
1
Fund
rais
ing
wor
king
gro
ups
esta
blis
hed
by e
nd o
f Yea
r 1
At le
ast 3
pro
posa
ls s
ubm
itted
per
ye
ar in
clud
ing
1 fo
r re
gula
r te
stin
g of
bi
olog
ical
sam
ples
At le
ast 1
pro
ject
fund
ing
appl
icat
ion
per
year
incl
udes
a C
limat
e Ch
ange
co
mpo
nent
Coor
dina
tion
cost
s of
Act
ion
Plan
fully
fu
nded
by
Year
5
ASA,
ASG
-Mad
, m
ultip
le g
roup
sEn
gagi
ng w
ith e
xper
t fu
ndra
iser
thro
ugh
ASA
Clim
ate
Chan
ge c
an
open
up
addi
tiona
l fu
ndin
g op
port
uniti
es
21
1.3
Impl
emen
t a s
et o
f ini
tiativ
es
to r
aise
aw
aren
ess
of th
e va
lue
of
amph
ibia
ns a
cros
s M
adag
asca
r
Hig
hLo
ngSu
ite o
f aw
aren
ess
rais
ing
met
hods
id
entifi
ed b
y en
d Ye
ar 1
(Rep
ort)
Regi
ons
prio
ritis
ed fo
r aw
aren
ess
need
id
entifi
ed b
y en
d Ye
ar 1
(Rep
ort/
map
)
Awar
enes
s ra
isin
g in
itiat
ives
und
erta
ken
in a
t lea
st o
ne a
dditi
onal
reg
ion
each
ye
ar fr
om Y
ear
2 - 5
(Rep
orts
)
Awar
enes
s an
d ed
ucat
ion
activ
ities
for
scho
ols
e.g.
mob
ile w
orks
hop
runn
ing
by Y
ear
3
Onl
ine
amph
ibia
n fie
ld g
uide
upd
ated
by
end
Yea
r 3
Key
Engl
ish
lang
uage
res
ourc
es fo
r tr
ansl
atio
n id
entifi
ed b
y en
d Ye
ar 1
Key
Engl
ish
lang
uage
res
ourc
es
tran
slat
ed in
to F
renc
h an
d M
alag
asy
and
diss
emin
ated
by
Year
5
Saho
naga
sy w
ebsi
te u
pdat
ed b
y en
d Ye
ar 2
Regu
lar
man
agem
ent o
f web
site
un
dert
aken
at l
east
twic
e pe
r ye
ar
Dat
abas
e cr
eate
d on
web
inte
rfac
e an
d up
date
d by
end
Yea
r 2
Info
rmat
ion
in d
atab
ase
fully
upd
ated
an
nual
ly (
Repo
rt)
Educ
atio
n ex
hibi
t opt
ions
at n
atio
nal
zoos
and
Pro
tect
ed A
reas
ass
esse
d an
d lo
catio
ns id
entifi
ed in
Yea
r 2
At le
ast o
ne n
ew e
xhib
it in
pla
ce b
y Ye
ar
5
ASG
-Mad
, MN
P,
vari
ous
NG
O’s,
M
inis
trys
Regi
onal
Pos
ters
; inf
o bo
okle
ts; a
ltern
ativ
e w
ays
of c
omm
unic
atin
g;
radi
o an
d m
edia
; M
alag
asy
Frog
Fes
tival
da
y.
Allia
nce
Voha
ry G
asy;
Pe
ace
Corp
s; R
EPC;
ar
e po
tent
ial g
roup
s to
en
gage
with
Amph
ibia
web
has
sp
ecie
s ac
coun
ts a
nd
an o
ptio
n fo
r up
load
ing
docu
men
ts.
Util
ise
web
gro
ups
such
as
Lin
kedI
n fo
r op
en-
acce
ss to
pap
ers.
EAZA
inst
itutio
ns m
ay
help
with
tran
slat
ion.
Link
ed to
Act
ion
6.9
22
1.4
Hol
d an
nual
mee
ting
with
G
over
nmen
t and
aut
hori
ties
on a
mph
ibia
n co
nser
vatio
n in
M
adag
asca
r an
d pr
ogre
ss o
f AC
SAM
2 Ac
tion
Plan
Hig
hLo
ngLi
st o
f min
istr
ies,
age
ncie
s an
d bo
dies
id
entifi
ed d
urin
g Ye
ar 1
At le
ast 1
mee
ting
held
with
eac
h gr
oup
each
yea
r (r
ecor
ded
min
utes
)
ACM
, MEE
MF,
id
entifi
ed
Gov
ernm
ent
agen
cies
and
bo
dies
, NG
Os
Not
just
the
Min
istr
y of
Env
iron
men
t. Li
st
mad
e fo
r th
e 20
08
Saho
naga
sy A
ctio
n Pl
an
can
be u
sed
as b
ase.
1.5
Und
erta
ke a
n ev
alua
tion
of
thre
aten
ed s
peci
es c
onse
rvat
ion
proj
ects
and
act
ion
plan
s
Med
ium
Med
ium
Thre
aten
ed s
peci
es c
onse
rvat
ion
proj
ects
and
act
ion
plan
s ev
alua
tion
repo
rt b
y en
d Ye
ar 3
ASG
-Mad
Spec
ies
Actio
n Pl
ans
exis
t for
Man
tella
au
rant
iaca
and
M.
cow
ani.
1.6
Bien
nial
ly (e
very
2 y
ears
) as
sess
the
impa
ct a
nd
oppo
rtun
ities
of n
atio
nal
legi
slat
ion
upon
am
phib
ian
cons
erva
tion
Med
ium
Long
Repo
rt p
rodu
ced
ever
y 2
year
s an
d su
bmitt
ed to
app
ropr
iate
aut
hori
ties
ASG
-Mad
Nee
d to
influ
ence
any
le
gisl
atio
n pr
ospe
ctiv
ely
1.7
Dev
elop
and
dis
sem
inat
e st
anda
rd p
roto
col f
or fi
eld
colle
ctio
n of
DN
A sa
mpl
es, e
.g.,
path
ogen
s, s
kin
bact
eria
, dea
d sp
ecim
ens
Med
ium
Shor
tSt
anda
rd p
roto
col d
ocum
ent f
or
colle
ctin
g D
NA
on th
e gr
ound
in p
lace
by
the
end
of y
ear
2
ASG
-Mad
, D
urre
ll
1.8
Upd
ate
the
proc
ess,
incl
udin
g pe
rmits
and
sys
tem
s, fo
r th
e co
llect
ion
and
expo
rt o
f sam
ples
fo
r an
alys
is
Hig
hSh
ort
Perm
its a
nd s
yste
ms
for
expo
rt o
f sa
mpl
es r
evie
wed
and
impr
oved
by
end
Year
1. M
easu
re: r
evie
w d
ocum
ents
Expo
rt o
ptio
ns a
nd c
ondi
tions
agr
eed
with
exp
ort c
ompa
nies
and
Inst
itute
Pa
steu
r Ye
ar 1
(min
utes
)
Proc
edur
e gu
idel
ines
for
expe
ditin
g pe
rmits
for
expo
rt in
pla
ce b
y en
d
Year
1
Dat
abas
e of
res
earc
hers
trav
ellin
g to
/ fr
om M
adag
asca
r cr
eate
d by
Yea
r 1
MEE
MF,
DG
F,
ASG
-Mad
, CE
C, In
stitu
te
Past
eur
Incl
udes
sam
ples
for
path
ogen
s, ti
ssue
, dea
d fr
ogs.
Impo
rtan
t to
ensu
re
repo
rts
are
filed
with
M
EEM
F fo
r al
l per
mits
is
sued
.
ASG
-Mad
con
sulti
ng
body
for
rese
arch
ap
plic
atio
ns.
23
1.9
Dev
elop
a s
trat
egy
for
the
mai
nten
ance
and
dev
elop
men
t of
mol
ecul
ar la
bs in
Mad
agas
car
Med
ium
Long
Prod
uce
a re
port
det
ailin
g ex
actly
w
hat n
eeds
to b
e do
ne (e
.g. f
undi
ng,
rers
ourc
es, s
kills
) to
allo
w ‘i
n-ho
use’
m
olec
ular
/DN
A w
ork
by e
nd Y
ear
2
Repo
rt id
entif
ying
and
ass
essi
ng la
b op
tions
in M
adag
asca
r by
end
Yea
r 2
Stra
tegy
to d
evel
op c
olla
bora
tions
with
ov
erse
as la
bora
tori
es d
evel
oped
by
end
Year
2
Suita
ble
optio
ns u
nder
dev
elop
men
t by
Year
5
ASG
-Mad
, CV
B, U
ADBA
an
d ot
her
Uni
vers
ities
, G
over
nmen
t
Labs
with
app
ropr
iate
fa
cilit
ies
exis
t - V
alBi
o,
Inst
itut P
aste
ur, U
ADBA
. Is
sues
of f
undi
ng, i
.e.,
prov
idin
g co
nsum
able
s,
mat
eria
ls, s
tora
ge
1.10
Enc
oura
ge r
esea
rche
rs to
lo
dge
call
and
phot
ogra
phic
info
as
wel
l as
spec
imen
s
Low
Long
New
col
labo
ratio
n be
twee
n AS
A-Am
phib
iaW
eb e
xplo
red
by e
nd Y
ear
2
Rese
arch
ers
cons
iste
ntly
lodg
ing
call
data
, pho
tos
alon
g w
ith s
peci
men
s in
da
taba
se c
olle
ctio
n by
Yea
r 5
ASG
-Mad
, ASA
Sout
h Af
rica
n w
ebsi
te m
odel
for
phot
o ca
talo
gue.
See
i-n
atur
alis
t. N
eed
buy-
in o
f res
earc
hers
to
uplo
ad p
hoto
s.
1.11
Impr
ove
the
stat
e of
exi
stin
g he
rpet
olog
ical
col
lect
ions
in
Mad
agas
car
- rev
iew
, m
anag
emen
t, ac
cess
Med
ium
Long
Cura
tor
/ vol
unte
er s
yste
m in
pla
ce to
he
lp m
anag
emen
t by
end
Year
3
Colle
ctio
ns m
anag
ed e
ffici
ently
as
mea
sure
d by
reg
ular
rep
orts
by
end
Year
5
Exis
ting
data
base
s of
Mad
agas
car
base
d co
llect
ions
beg
inni
ng to
go
onlin
e by
en
d Ye
ar 5
Repo
rt o
n re
view
of s
tate
of c
olle
ctio
ns
with
reco
mm
enda
tions
for i
mpr
ovem
ent
and
deve
lopm
ent c
ompl
eted
by
end
Year
5
ASG
-Mad
, in
stitu
tes
with
co
llect
ions
Prio
rity
for
Smith
soni
an
to d
evel
op ta
xono
mic
co
llect
ions
in d
evel
opin
g co
untr
ies.
Incl
ude
ensu
ring
lab
purc
hase
s
24
Them
e 2:
Mon
itori
ng M
adag
asca
r’s a
mph
ibia
ns a
nd th
eir
envi
ronm
ent
Act
ion
Prio
rity
(H, M
, L)
Tim
efra
me
(S, M
, L)
Indi
cato
rs
(By
end
of t
ime
fram
e or
5 y
ears
)
Inst
itut
ions
Not
es a
nd C
omm
ents
2.1
Iden
tify
key
spec
ies
and
site
s w
here
it is
cur
rent
ly fe
asib
le to
un
dert
ake
mon
itori
ng a
nd a
pri
ority
lis
t of s
peci
es a
nd s
ites
for
futu
re
mon
itori
ng w
ith n
ew p
artn
ers
Hig
hSh
ort
Doc
umen
t lis
ting
all f
easi
ble
key
spec
ies
and
site
s fo
r m
onito
ring
pr
oduc
ed b
y en
d Ye
ar 1
Iden
tify
stan
dard
met
hods
for
the
feas
ible
key
spe
cies
and
site
s by
end
Ye
ar 1
. Tri
aled
by
end
Year
2
Cons
erva
tion
Nee
ds A
naly
sis
done
an
d lis
t of p
rior
ity s
peci
es a
nd s
ites
for
mon
itori
ng p
rodu
ced
by e
nd o
f Ye
ar 2
Prio
rity
spe
cies
and
site
s lis
ts
revi
ewed
in Y
ear
5
ASG
-Mad
, CEC
, va
riou
s N
GO
’s,
Aark
, Mal
agas
y In
stitu
tes
(Uni
vers
ities
, PB
ZT)
Mon
itori
ng a
lrea
dy
bein
g co
nduc
ted
at
Beta
mpo
na, A
nkar
atra
, An
dasi
be a
nd M
anga
be.
Mon
itori
ng o
f M. c
owan
i st
artin
g. R
anom
afan
a id
entifi
ed a
s an
othe
r si
te.
Shou
ld b
e lin
ked
to
Bd m
onito
ring
whe
re
poss
ible
i.e.
Nat
iona
l Ch
ytri
d M
onito
ring
Pl
an S
ites.
Req
uire
s co
ordi
natio
n to
sha
re
mon
itori
ng p
roto
cols
.
2.2
Nat
iona
l pro
toco
ls fo
r am
phib
ian
mon
itori
ng, i
nclu
ding
da
ta fo
r oc
cupa
ncy
mod
els,
in p
lace
Hig
hSh
ort
Prot
ocol
s de
velo
ped
in Y
ear
1
Nat
iona
l am
phib
ian
mon
itori
ng
prot
ocol
s be
ing
used
by
end
Year
2
ASG
-Mad
, U
nive
rsity
of
Ham
burg
, M
alag
asy
Uni
vers
ities
Met
hodo
logy
incl
udin
g si
te s
peci
fic s
peci
es a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l/abi
otic
da
ta. D
ata
for
occu
panc
y m
odel
ling
is a
pri
ority
. So
me
may
alr
eady
hav
e be
en d
one
by M
aVoa
, Ch
este
r
2.3
Mon
itori
ng s
peci
es a
nd s
ites
Hig
hLo
ngA
stan
dard
mon
itori
ng fo
rm fo
r si
tes
to a
id r
epor
ting
deve
lope
d by
end
Ye
ar 1
Annu
al r
epor
ts fo
r al
l fea
sibl
e ke
y sp
ecie
s an
d si
tes
prod
uced
30%
of a
ll pr
iori
ty id
entifi
ed s
peci
es
with
reg
ular
mon
itori
ng in
pla
ce b
y en
d Ye
ar 5
ASG
-Mad
, CEC
, va
riou
s N
GO
’s an
d in
stitu
tions
2.4
Recr
uit a
nd tr
ain
new
loca
l pa
rtne
rs to
con
duct
mon
itori
ng o
n am
phib
ians
in n
ew p
rior
ity s
ites
Med
ium
Long
Trai
ning
pro
gram
mes
con
duct
ed a
t le
ast 1
new
pri
ority
site
per
yea
r
Trai
ning
rep
orts
pro
duce
d
ASG
-Mad
, D
urre
ll,
Ches
ter,
Kent
25
2.5
Iden
tify
high
ele
vatio
n si
tes
for
futu
re s
urve
y an
d si
tes
that
hav
e be
en s
urve
yed
but f
or w
hich
dat
a ha
ve n
ot b
een
publ
ishe
d
Med
ium
Med
ium
Doc
umen
t ide
ntify
ing
impo
rtan
t hig
h el
evat
ion
site
s by
end
Yea
r 2
Exis
ting
surv
eys
iden
tified
and
dat
a m
ade
avai
labl
e by
end
Yea
r 3
ASG
-Mad
, va
riou
s N
GO
sN
eed
to lo
cate
and
co
llate
info
rmat
ion
on
prev
ious
wor
k do
ne
2.6
Furt
her
the
use
of s
tatic
aco
ustic
su
rvey
s fo
r m
onito
ring
am
phib
ians
Med
ium
Long
Use
of a
cous
tic r
ecor
ders
tria
lled
in
at le
ast 2
site
s by
end
Yea
r 3
Acou
stic
rec
orde
rs in
corp
orat
ed in
to
long
-ter
m m
onito
ring
pro
gram
mes
by
end
Yea
r 5
Acou
stic
dat
abas
e de
velo
ped
and
new
cal
ls a
dded
to it
by
end
Year
2
ASG
-Mad
, N
GO
’s,
Uni
vers
ities
, PB
ZT
Pote
ntia
l as
a Ph
D
proj
ect.
Nee
d to
id
entif
y U
nive
rsiti
es a
nd
Prof
esso
rs. B
etam
pona
, An
kara
ta a
nd
Ambo
hita
ntel
y po
tent
ial
stud
y ar
eas.
A d
atab
ase
of s
ome
calls
alr
eady
ex
ists
2.7
Inve
stig
ate
and
deve
lop
the
use
of e
nvir
onm
enta
l DN
A fo
r m
onito
ring
spe
cies
Low
Long
Dis
cuss
ions
with
exp
erts
und
erw
ay
by e
nd Y
ear
2
Tech
niqu
es te
sted
by
end
Year
4
ASG
-Mad
, N
GO
’s,
Uni
vers
ities
Anot
her
pote
ntia
l st
uden
t pro
ject
. Be
tam
pona
, Ank
arat
a an
d Am
bohi
tant
ely
pote
ntia
l stu
dy a
reas
.
2.8
Met
eoro
logi
cal m
onito
ring
un
dert
aken
at l
ong-
term
m
onito
ring
site
s
Hig
hSh
ort
Met
erol
ogic
al d
ata
colle
ctio
n pr
otoc
ol d
ocum
ent i
n pl
ace
by e
nd
Year
2
Exis
ting
met
eoro
logi
cal s
tatio
ns
iden
tified
by
end
Year
2
Part
ners
hip
with
the
wea
ther
ser
vice
ex
plor
ed b
y en
d Ye
ar 2
Feas
ibili
ty o
f est
ablis
hing
wea
ther
st
atio
n in
stal
latio
n at
eac
h si
te
cond
uctin
g lo
ng-t
erm
mon
itori
ng
asse
ssed
by
end
Year
2
Wea
ther
sta
tions
est
ablis
hed
whe
re fe
asib
le o
r al
tern
ate
optio
ns
iden
tified
by
mid
-Yea
r 3
Dai
ly m
eteo
rolo
gica
l da
ta c
olle
ctio
n un
dert
aken
and
incl
uded
in y
earl
y m
onito
ring
rep
orts
and
ann
ual
sum
mar
y re
port
ASG
-Mad
, M
FG, N
GO
s,
Dir
ecto
rate
of
Clim
ate
Chan
ge, L
ocal
co
mm
unes
Dir
ectio
n G
ener
al d
e la
M
eter
eolo
gie
coul
d be
en
gage
d. F
easi
bilit
y of
th
is in
rem
ote
loca
tions
is
que
stio
nabl
e
26
Clim
ate
Chan
ge
2.9
Loca
te a
nd c
olla
te in
form
atio
n on
spe
cies
ada
ptab
ility
to C
limat
e Ch
ange
Med
ium
Shor
tEx
istin
g da
ta lo
cate
d an
d co
llate
d in
da
taba
se r
eady
for
anal
ysis
by
end
Year
2
ASG
-Mad
Dat
a al
read
y av
aila
ble.
Po
tent
ial P
hD p
roje
ct.
2.10
Mod
el s
peci
es a
dapt
abili
ty
to C
limat
e Ch
ange
and
the
likel
y m
itiga
tion
succ
ess
Med
ium
Med
ium
Mod
ellin
g co
mpl
eted
and
rep
ort
prod
uced
by
end
Year
4AS
G-M
ad,
Uni
vers
ities
, N
atio
nal
rese
arch
ce
ntre
s
Goo
d po
tent
ial P
hD
proj
ect
2.11
Upd
ate
Key
Biod
iver
sity
Are
as
(KBA
) for
am
phib
ians
to in
clud
e Cl
imat
e Ch
ange
Low
Long
Prel
imin
ary
rese
arch
rep
ort r
equi
red
to u
pdat
e KB
As c
ompl
eted
by
end
Year
5
ASG
-Mad
, re
sear
ch
inst
itute
s
No
prel
imin
ary
wor
k do
ne. C
limat
e En
velo
pe
anal
ysis
2.12
Mod
el in
vasi
ve s
peci
es s
prea
d in
clud
ing
the
influ
ence
of C
limat
e Ch
ange
Med
ium
Long
Repo
rt id
entif
ying
key
inva
sive
sp
ecie
s by
end
Yea
r 1
Inva
sive
spe
cies
like
ly s
prea
d m
odel
led
by Y
ear
5
NW
U,
Uni
vers
ities
, N
atio
nal
rese
arch
ce
ntre
s
Pote
ntia
l PhD
pro
ject
27
Act
ion
Prio
rity
(H, M
, L)
Tim
efra
me
(S, M
, L)
Indi
cato
rs
(By
end
of t
ime
fram
e or
5 y
ears
)
Inst
itut
ions
Not
es a
nd C
omm
ents
Rese
arch
3.1
Mai
ntai
n N
atio
nal M
onito
ring
Pl
an fo
r ch
ytri
d at
8 c
ore
site
s fo
r du
ratio
n of
act
ion
plan
Hig
hLo
ngO
rgan
isat
ions
to c
arry
out
mon
itori
ng
confi
rmed
by
mid
-Yea
r 1
Mon
itori
ng c
arri
ed o
ut a
t all
8 si
tes
twic
e a
year
(ann
ual r
epor
t)
CEC,
Dur
rell,
M
itsin
jo, M
FG,
MaV
oa a
nd
othe
r N
GO
’s at
sp
ecifi
c si
tes
Do
NG
O’s
have
the
will
to
cont
inue
- ne
ed to
find
out
. M
itsin
jo a
nd M
FG w
illin
g to
un
dert
ake
at A
ndas
ibe
and
Ivol
oina
. Ano
ther
par
tner
at
Ant
oetr
a ne
eds
to b
e id
entifi
ed
3.2
Prep
are
and
dist
ribu
te a
st
anda
rdiz
ed p
re-p
rint
ed d
ata
shee
t for
chy
trid
sam
plin
g an
d m
onito
ring
Hig
hSh
ort
Dat
a sh
eet c
reat
ed a
nd d
isse
min
ated
to
all
orga
niza
tions
car
ryin
g ou
t m
onito
ring
pla
n by
end
Yea
r 1
CEC,
ASG
-Mad
, CI
BIO
, Dur
rell
Dat
a sh
eet n
eeds
to b
e in
Mal
agas
y, F
renc
h an
d En
glis
h. A
ngel
ica
to p
repa
re
pack
s fo
r di
stri
butio
n in
M
adag
asca
r.
3.3
Revi
ew th
e N
atio
nal
Mon
itori
ng P
lan
met
hodo
logy
in
ligh
t of n
ew in
form
atio
n an
d re
sear
ch
Hig
hM
ediu
m
Revi
ew c
arri
ed o
ut in
2 y
ears
Revi
ew c
arri
ed o
ut in
5 y
ears
CEC,
ASG
-Mad
, CI
BIO
Don
’t ha
ve th
e ba
se li
ne
data
yet
to r
evie
w o
n sp
ecie
s su
scep
tibili
ty.
Incl
ude
pote
ntia
l for
ad
ditio
nal p
opul
atio
n m
onito
ring
at c
ore
site
s.
3.4
Und
erta
ke c
hytr
id s
urve
ys
on a
n ad
hoc
bas
is a
t add
ition
al
impo
rtan
t site
s as
iden
tified
Hig
hLo
ngId
entifi
catio
n of
the
site
s an
d of
the
orga
nisa
tions
that
will
com
mit
for
the
swab
col
lect
ion
by th
e en
d of
Yea
r 1
Repo
rts
on c
hytr
id s
urve
ys c
arri
ed
out a
t lea
st o
nce
a ye
ar a
t a fu
rthe
r 2
site
s
ASG
-Mad
, CE
C, C
IBIO
, in
tere
sted
N
GO
s
CVB
will
ing
to u
nder
take
at
Ran
omaf
ana.
Pot
entia
l si
tes
incl
ude:
Bet
ampo
na,
Anka
rana
, Mak
ay, T
amat
ave,
Fi
eren
ana,
Nos
y Be
(Val
Cl
arke
), M
anga
be?
Them
e 3:
Em
ergi
ng in
fect
ious
dis
ease
s
28
3.5
Asse
ss th
e fe
asib
ility
of
inco
rpor
atin
g Ra
navi
rus
and
othe
r di
seas
e m
onito
ring
at c
ore
site
s
Med
ium
Med
ium
Prot
ocol
for
mon
itori
ng a
nd
asse
ssin
g de
velo
ped
by s
tart
Yea
r 2
Feas
ibili
ty s
tudy
and
rep
ort
com
plet
ed b
y Ye
ar 2
If fe
asib
le p
roto
col d
evel
oped
and
in
corp
orat
ed fr
om Y
ear
4
ASG
-Mad
, CEC
, Im
peri
al, Z
SL,
NW
U
Find
ing
fund
s is
the
key
fact
or in
its
feas
ibili
ty
3.6
Iden
tify
the
linea
ge(s
) of
amph
ibia
n ch
ytri
ds p
rese
nt in
M
adag
asca
r
Hig
hM
ediu
mCh
ytri
d lin
eage
(s) p
ublic
ally
iden
tified
by
end
Yea
r 2
Impe
rial
, ZSL
, CI
BIO
, Val
Bio,
U
nive
rsiti
es,
Dur
rell
Nee
ds to
be
done
bef
ore
Actio
n 3.
7 as
pro
toco
l var
ies
acco
rdin
g to
env
iron
men
t.
Requ
ires
acc
ess
to
auto
clav
es &
abi
lity
to p
our
ster
ile a
gar
plat
es (s
teri
le
HEP
A ho
ods)
/ 4
°C c
old
chai
n/ in
cuba
tors
. Ins
titut
e Pa
steu
r an
d Ra
nom
afan
a ar
e lik
ely
only
opt
ions
in
Mad
a
3.7
Dev
elop
the
capa
city
am
ong
rese
arch
com
mun
ity in
M
adag
asca
r fo
r is
olat
ing
chyt
rid
Med
ium
Shor
tPa
rtne
rs w
ho w
ill m
ake
and
dist
ribu
te
ster
ile c
hytr
id is
olat
ion
reag
ents
by
end
of 1
Yea
r af
ter
3.6
com
plet
ed
Chyt
rid
rese
arch
com
mun
ity h
ave
and
use
isol
atio
n pr
otoc
ol a
nd
unde
rsta
nd w
ho w
ill m
ake/
dist
ribu
te
the
reag
ents
by
end
of 1
Yea
r af
ter
3.6
com
plet
ed
Trai
ning
wor
ksho
p un
dert
aken
in
Year
1 a
fter
3.6
com
plet
ed. T
rain
ing
repo
rt p
rodu
ced
CEC,
ASA
Chyt
rid
linea
ge n
eeds
is
olat
ing
first
. Chy
trid
is
olat
ion
is c
ompl
ex a
nd
requ
ires
ste
rile
con
ditio
ns/
wor
king
env
iron
men
t, hy
pode
rmic
nee
dles
and
4
°C c
oole
rs.
Wor
ksho
p to
ens
ure
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
pro
toco
l
29
3.8
Dis
sem
inat
e ch
ytri
d an
d ot
her
dise
ase
hygi
ene
/ bio
safe
ty
prot
ocol
s to
all
rese
arch
ers
and
othe
r ke
y gr
oups
e.g
. tou
rist
s,
expo
rter
s w
orki
ng in
/vis
iting
M
adag
asca
r
Hig
hSh
ort
All r
esea
rch
and
expl
orat
ion
perm
its
issu
ed in
clud
e hy
gien
e pr
otoc
ols
by
end
of Y
ear
1
All g
roup
s an
d m
echa
nism
s fo
r di
ssem
inat
ion
to th
em id
entifi
ed in
Ye
ar 1
Prot
ocol
and
ass
ocia
ted
info
rmat
ion
mat
eria
ls d
isse
min
ated
by
end
Year
2
CEC,
MEE
MF,
D
GF,
ASG
-Mad
, AS
A, C
hest
er,
EAZA
All r
esea
rche
rs in
M
adag
asca
r. O
ther
pot
entia
l ta
rget
s in
clud
e: T
rave
l ag
enci
es /
asso
ciat
ions
, ho
tels
, air
port
, Nat
iona
l Pa
rks,
tour
ist g
uide
boo
ks;
aqua
tic fo
od im
port
ers/
expo
rter
s; a
mph
ibia
n ex
port
ers
3.9
Enha
ncem
ent o
f miti
gatio
n re
sear
ch in
Mad
agas
car
Hig
hLo
ngD
istr
ibut
ion
of th
e re
sults
of t
he
prob
iotic
res
earc
h by
the
end
of y
ear
2 Char
acte
risa
tion
of m
icro
bial
co
mm
uniti
es in
Bd
posi
tive
and
Bd n
egat
ive
site
s w
ith c
ultu
re a
nd
cultu
re-in
depe
nden
t met
hods
and
m
etag
enom
ics
(pre
limin
ary
data
av
aila
ble
at th
e en
d of
the
1 Ye
ar)
Annu
al p
rogr
ess
repo
rts
incl
udin
g bi
blio
grap
hies
of p
ublic
atio
ns
Esta
blis
h pr
otoc
ol fo
r th
e ch
arac
teri
zatio
n of
aqu
atic
m
icro
orga
nism
com
mun
ities
in
rela
tion
to B
d pr
esen
ce-a
bsen
ce in
M
adag
asca
r by
the
end
of y
ear
1
Impl
emen
tatio
n si
tes
iden
tified
(mid
1
Year
)
Prot
ocol
dis
trib
uted
to o
rgan
isat
ions
(e
nd 1
Yea
r)
Annu
al p
rogr
ess
repo
rts
incl
udin
g bi
blio
grap
hies
of p
ublic
atio
ns
CEC,
JMU
, CIB
IO,
TU-G
erm
any,
D
irk
Schm
elle
r
All r
ules
reg
ardi
ng u
se o
f Pr
obio
tics
to b
e cr
eate
d in
pa
rtne
rshi
p w
ith C
EC
30
3.10
Und
erta
ke s
usce
ptib
ility
tria
ls
on s
peci
es u
sing
the
iden
tified
ch
ytri
d lin
eage
and
the
viru
lent
st
rain
mos
t lik
ely
to in
vade
Med
ium
Med
ium
Spec
ies
for
susc
eptib
ility
tria
ls
iden
tified
by
end
of Y
ear
1
Susc
eptib
ility
tria
l rep
orts
by
end
of
Year
4
ZSL,
Impe
rial
, N
WU
, Mal
agas
y U
nive
rsiti
es
Tim
ing
will
dep
end
on
whe
n th
e ch
ytri
d lin
eage
is
iden
tified
. Tri
als
with
a
viru
lent
line
age
can
begi
n as
so
on a
s fu
ndin
g is
rec
eive
d.
Shou
ld b
e do
ne w
here
po
ssib
le in
col
labo
ratio
n w
ith M
alag
asy
inst
itute
s to
bu
ild c
apac
ity.
3.11
Pro
toco
l for
sto
rage
of
biol
ogic
al s
ampl
es d
isse
min
ated
Hig
hSh
ort
Prot
ocol
doc
umen
t dis
sem
inat
ed to
al
l nec
essa
ry g
roup
s Ye
ar 1
ASG
-Mad
, ZSL
, CI
BIO
3.12
Ass
ess
the
pres
ence
/ ex
tent
of
chy
trid
with
in th
e in
tern
ally
tr
aded
frog
spe
cies
Med
ium
/ H
igh
Med
ium
Dis
ease
mon
itori
ng p
rogr
amm
e fo
r in
tern
ally
trad
ed s
peci
es in
pla
ce a
nd
unde
rway
by
end
Year
2
CEC,
ASG
-Mad
, na
tiona
l tra
ders
/ o
rgan
isat
ions
Hop
loba
trac
hus
tigrin
us /
Boop
his
goud
oti i
n m
arke
t pl
aces
Coor
dina
tion
and
Com
mun
icat
ion
3.13
Iden
tify
a pe
rson
to a
ssis
t CE
C w
ith c
oord
inat
ion
and
com
mun
icat
ion
of c
hytr
id w
ork
in
Mad
agas
car
and
defin
e in
tern
al
com
mun
icat
ion
stru
ctur
e be
twee
n CE
C m
embe
rs a
nd p
artn
ers
Hig
hSh
ort
Pers
on in
pla
ce w
ith T
erm
s an
d Co
nditi
ons
by e
nd Y
ear
1
Term
s of
Ref
eren
ce fo
r CE
C Co
ordi
nato
r de
fined
Mem
oran
dum
of U
nder
stan
ding
for
CEC
mem
bers
and
par
tner
s in
Yea
r 1
CEC,
ASG
-Mad
, M
EEM
FM
dm S
ahon
dra
said
that
th
ere
will
be
som
eone
in th
e Ce
llule
to a
ssis
t in
this
.
3.14
Dev
elop
and
put
in p
lace
an
em
erge
ncy
resp
onse
str
ateg
y fo
r a
mas
s di
e off
eve
nt o
r de
mon
stra
tion
of a
nov
el r
apid
po
pula
tion
decl
ine
Hig
hSh
ort
Emer
genc
y re
spon
se s
trat
egy
in p
lace
w
ithin
the
CEC/
Gov
ernm
ent b
y en
d Ye
ar 1
CEC,
ASG
-M
ad, A
SA,
Dur
rell,
ATA
G/
EAZA
, Che
ster
, na
tiona
l in
stitu
tions
Not
to b
e co
mm
unic
ated
pu
blic
ally
. In
plac
e in
cas
e it
has
to b
e im
plem
ente
d in
th
e fu
ture
.
31
3.15
Dev
elop
and
dis
sem
inat
e se
t of
gui
delin
es fo
r ho
w p
eopl
e ca
n re
port
and
res
pond
to d
ead
frog
s
Hig
hM
ediu
mG
uide
lines
pro
duce
d Ye
ar 1
Stra
tegy
doc
umen
t for
dis
sem
inat
ion
of g
uide
lines
pro
duce
d Ye
ar 1
Dis
sem
inat
ion
unde
rway
by
end
Year
1
and
all a
udie
nces
rea
ched
by
end
Year
3
Loca
l com
mun
ities
at p
rior
ity
mon
itori
ng s
ites
awar
e of
how
to
resp
ond
to d
ead
frog
s by
end
Yea
r 1
(edu
catio
n se
ssio
n re
port
s)
CEC,
ASG
-Mad
, D
urre
ll, A
SA,
Ches
ter,
ATAG
/EA
ZA, Z
SL, C
IBIO
WW
F gu
idel
ines
for
tort
oise
tr
ade
coul
d be
ada
pted
for
this
pur
pose
.
Stra
tegy
for
its
diss
emin
atio
n in
clud
es
audi
ence
s an
d m
etho
ds
for
awar
enes
s ra
isin
g e.
g.
post
ers,
trai
ning
3.16
Ann
ual c
hytr
id u
pdat
es g
iven
to
all
Prot
ecte
d Ar
ea m
anag
ers
Hig
hLo
ngU
pdat
es g
iven
at M
NP
annu
al
mee
tings
(mee
ting
min
utes
)
Annu
al u
pdat
es g
iven
to o
ther
Pr
otec
ted
Area
man
ager
s e.
g.
DCS
BAP
(mee
ting
min
utes
)
CEC,
ASG
-Mad
, M
NP,
MEE
MF
In a
dditi
on to
reg
ular
CEC
m
eetin
gs.
To r
evie
w w
ith
Gov
ernm
ent a
nd M
NP.
3.17
Boo
t was
h an
d di
p/sp
ray
stat
ions
at s
trat
egic
pla
ces
(e.g
. en
tran
ce, s
tart
of h
ikin
g tr
ails
) in
ever
y N
atio
nal P
ark
Hig
hM
ediu
mBo
ot d
ips/
spra
y st
atio
ns in
pla
ce a
t ev
ery
Nat
iona
l Par
k ac
com
pani
ed b
y in
stru
ctio
ns o
n us
e by
end
of Y
ear
2
CEC,
MN
P, A
SALo
ok a
t Clo
rox
as a
pot
entia
l sp
onso
r (R
eid
Har
ris
has
cont
acts
). Pr
imar
ily fo
r ed
ucat
ion
/ aw
aren
ess
pers
pect
ive
(Lin
ked
to A
ctio
n 3.
8). U
sefu
l for
man
y w
ildlif
e pa
thog
ens
not j
ust B
d
3.18
Eng
age
with
am
phib
ian
expo
rter
s to
bec
ome
part
of t
he
dise
ase
effor
ts in
Mad
agas
car
Med
ium
Med
ium
Amph
ibia
n ex
port
ers
mem
bers
of t
he
CEC
by Y
ear
2
Sign
ed a
gree
men
ts in
pla
ce b
y Ye
ar 4
CEC,
ASG
-Mad
, M
EEM
FAc
tion
to fo
rmal
ly in
crea
se
the
enga
gem
ent o
f am
phib
ian
expo
rter
s in
di
seas
e m
onito
ring
eff
orts
32
3.19
Iden
tify
diag
nost
ic s
ervi
ces
for
anim
al h
ealth
ser
vice
s to
iden
tify
chyt
rid
and
othe
r pa
thog
ens
at th
e lo
cal l
evel
Med
ium
Med
ium
Revi
sed
diag
nost
ic g
uida
nce
in p
lace
by
Yea
r 4
Nat
iona
l Vet
de
part
men
t, In
stitu
te P
aste
ur
Non
e of
the
inte
rnat
iona
l pa
rtic
ipan
ts u
nder
stan
d w
hat t
his
rela
tes
to.
This
is a
Nat
iona
l nee
d so
sh
ould
kee
p.
3.20
Dis
sem
inat
e gu
idel
ines
fo
r re
duci
ng r
isk
of d
isea
se
tran
smis
sion
thro
ugh
the
tran
sloc
atio
n of
am
phib
ians
Hig
hSh
ort
Rele
vant
gro
ups
iden
tified
Yea
r 1
Gui
delin
es d
isse
min
ated
Yea
r 2
CEC,
ASG
-Mad
, M
EEM
FG
uide
lines
alr
eady
de
velo
ped.
Whe
re a
re th
ey?
3.21
Inte
grat
e ri
sk fa
ctor
s fr
om
aqua
tic p
rodu
cts
(aqu
atic
pla
nts
and
anim
als,
wat
er) t
rans
fer
into
an
imal
trad
e re
gula
tions
Hig
hM
ediu
mAn
imal
trad
e re
gula
tions
upd
ated
to
incl
ude
risk
fact
ors
by e
nd Y
ear
3CE
C, A
SG-M
ad,
MEE
MF
Risk
fact
ors
alre
ady
deve
lope
d
3.22
Inco
rpor
ate
natio
nal
mon
itori
ng d
ata
into
onl
ine
chyt
rid
map
s
Hig
hLo
ngEx
istin
g da
ta in
corp
orat
ed in
to o
nlin
e m
aps
Year
2
Annu
al u
pdat
es d
one
ASG
-Mad
, CEC
, ZS
L, Im
peri
al
(Car
tes
Bd),
CIBI
O
Amph
ibia
Web
-ASA
co
llabo
ratio
n ca
n be
hel
pful
.
33
Act
ion
Prio
rity
(H, M
, L)
Tim
efra
me
(S, M
, L)
Indi
cato
rs
(By
end
of t
ime
fram
e or
5 y
ears
)
Inst
itut
ions
Not
es a
nd C
omm
ents
4.1
Anal
yze
exis
ting
Prot
ecte
d Ar
eas
in r
elat
ion
to th
e re
d lis
t of
amph
ibia
ns
Hig
hSh
ort
Anal
ysis
com
plet
ed b
y M
ay 2
016
Rebi
oma,
M
aVoa
, CI
4.2
Iden
tify
prio
rity
site
s fo
r am
phib
ians
not
in c
urre
nt
Prot
ecte
d Ar
ea
Hig
hSh
ort
Gap
ana
lysi
s re
port
iden
tifyi
ng
prio
rity
site
s do
ne b
y en
d Ye
ar 2
Rebi
oma,
M
aVoa
, CI
A w
orks
hop
will
like
ly b
e re
quir
ed to
sha
re fi
ndin
gs
befo
re r
epor
t
4.3
Prom
ote
the
inte
grat
ion
of
the
man
agem
ent o
f pri
ority
site
s fo
r am
phib
ians
with
in v
ario
us
man
agem
ent p
lans
(Pla
n G
RAP,
SM
IP, R
egio
nal P
lan)
Hig
hLo
ngPr
iori
ty a
reas
for
amph
ibia
n co
nser
vatio
n w
ithin
all
man
agem
ent
plan
s by
end
Yea
r 2
(rep
ort)
Amph
ibia
ns in
clud
ed in
25%
of
man
agem
ent p
lans
by
end
Year
5
MN
P, D
urre
ll,
conc
erne
d la
nd
man
ager
s
Both
with
in a
nd o
utsi
de P
As.
Oth
er c
onse
rvat
ion
grou
ps
wor
king
in a
reas
for
othe
r sp
ecie
s. W
ill li
kely
req
uire
a
seri
es o
f wor
ksho
ps.
4.4
Iden
tify
and
deve
lop
cons
erva
tion
stra
tegi
es fo
r sp
ecie
s aff
ecte
d by
dev
elop
men
t pro
ject
s at
nat
iona
l lev
el
Med
ium
Long
Revi
ew o
f all
natio
nal d
evel
opm
ent
proj
ects
and
pri
oriti
es d
one
ever
y 6
mon
ths
and
repo
rt p
rodu
ced
Cons
erva
tion
stra
tegi
es fo
r sp
ecie
s aff
ecte
d de
velo
ped
for
oper
ator
s
Net
wor
k to
ens
ure
info
rmat
ion
used
fo
r co
nser
vatio
n de
velo
ped
end
Year
1
ASG
-Mad
e.g.
Min
ing
deve
lopm
ents
, oi
l rou
tes.
4.5
Esta
blis
h fir
e m
anag
emen
t st
rate
gies
in k
ey s
ites
for
amph
ibia
n co
nser
vatio
n
Hig
hLo
ngRe
port
ass
essi
ng k
ey a
mph
ibia
n si
tes
for
fire
man
agem
ent s
trat
egie
s by
en
d Ye
ar 2
Fire
man
agem
ent s
trat
egie
s im
plem
ente
d at
iden
tified
site
s by
en
d Ye
ar 5
(site
man
agem
ent r
epor
ts)
Man
ager
s of
key
site
s (M
NP,
Min
istr
y,
DCS
BAP)
4.6
Expl
ore
land
acq
uisi
tion
optio
ns fo
r im
port
ant a
mph
ibia
n si
tes
(pur
chas
e, r
enta
l)
Low
Long
Repo
rt id
entif
ying
pot
entia
l site
s fo
r la
nd le
ase
/ pur
chas
e by
end
Yea
r 3
Repo
rt d
eter
min
ing
the
feas
ibili
ty a
nd
lega
lity
of s
ite o
ptio
ns b
y en
d Ye
ar 5
ASG
-Mad
, M
inis
trys
This
is o
nly
an o
ptio
n no
t a
cert
aint
y. N
eed
to e
xplo
re
feas
ibili
ty a
nd le
galit
y.
Them
e 4:
Site
man
agem
ent f
or th
e co
nser
vatio
n of
am
phib
ians
34
4.7
Prom
ote
prot
ectio
n of
exi
stin
g
corr
idor
s an
d re
com
men
d ad
ditio
nal c
orri
dors
to in
crea
se
conn
ectiv
ity fo
r si
tes
with
im
port
ant a
mph
ibia
n as
sem
blag
es
Med
ium
Long
Rese
arch
rep
ort i
nto
effec
tiven
ess
of c
orri
dors
for
amph
ibia
ns d
one
by
end
Year
3
Site
man
ager
s en
gage
d re
gard
ing
corr
idor
pro
tect
ion
/ cre
atio
n (m
eetin
g m
inut
es)
ASG
-Mad
, M
EEM
F, P
A m
anag
ers
Issu
e - s
prea
d of
dis
ease
; in
suffi
cien
t inf
orm
atio
n sh
owin
g th
e im
port
ance
of
corr
idor
s. S
tart
by
prot
ectin
g ex
istin
g co
rrid
ors.
Pre
vent
ive
mea
sure
aga
inst
em
ergi
ng
dise
ases
4.8
Iden
tify
optio
ns fo
r am
phib
ians
to
sup
port
hum
an li
velih
oods
at
foca
l site
s
Low
Long
Repo
rts
on a
mph
ibia
n re
late
d liv
elih
ood
optio
ns p
rodu
ced
for
all
key
/ foc
al s
ites
by e
nd Y
ear
5
ASG
-Mad
, M
aVoa
, NG
Os
e.g.
Eco
tour
ism
pot
entia
l
35
Act
ion
Prio
rity
(H, M
, L)
Tim
efra
me
(S, M
, L)
Indi
cato
rs
(By
end
of t
ime
fram
e or
5 y
ears
)
Insi
tuti
ons
Not
es a
nd C
omm
ents
5.1
Annu
al s
urve
ys o
f spe
cies
co
llect
ed fo
r co
nsum
ptio
n an
d pe
t tr
ade
Med
ium
Long
Base
line
data
on
spec
ies
gene
rate
d by
end
of Y
ear
2
Annu
al s
urve
ys d
one
and
repo
rt p
rodu
ced
incl
udin
g re
com
men
datio
ns o
n qu
otas
by
site
an
d su
bpop
ulat
ions
mad
e
ASG
-Mad
, Ch
este
r, M
aVoa
, SC
AM
Surv
eys
to in
clud
e in
form
atio
n on
quo
tas,
sp
ecifi
c co
llect
ion
loca
tions
et
c
5.2
Cond
uct t
rade
rev
iew
of n
on-
CITE
S sp
ecie
sM
ediu
mM
ediu
mRe
port
iden
tifyi
ng in
tern
al n
on-C
ITES
tr
ade
spec
ies
by e
nd Y
ear
2
Iden
tified
spe
cies
inco
rpor
ated
into
an
nual
sur
veys
(Act
ion
5.1)
in Y
ear
3
ASG
-Mad
, Ch
este
rPo
tent
ial s
tude
nt p
roje
ct.
Boop
his
goud
oti a
nd
Man
tidac
tylu
s gr
andi
dier
i/ gu
ttula
tus
pote
ntia
l spe
cies
5.3
Und
erta
ke a
Pop
ulat
ion
and
Hab
itat V
iabi
lity
Asse
ssm
ent
(PH
VA) o
f spe
cies
col
lect
ed fo
r fo
od a
nd p
et tr
ade
Med
ium
Lo
ngId
entifi
catio
n of
the
list o
f spe
cies
by
end
of y
ear
2
Dat
a co
llect
ion
for
PHVA
beg
un b
y Ye
ar 3
PHVA
wor
ksho
p by
Yea
r 4
PHVA
rep
orts
for
each
thre
aten
ed
trad
e sp
ecie
s by
end
Yea
r 5
ASG
-Mad
, M
EEM
F,
rese
arch
ce
ntre
s an
d
asso
ciat
ions
, U
nive
rsity
st
uden
t pro
ject
5.4
Dev
elop
the
enga
gem
ent
betw
een
cons
erva
tion
com
mun
ity
and
the
trad
ers
and
expo
rter
s to
im
prov
e m
onito
ring
Hig
hM
ediu
mKe
y m
eetin
gs w
ith tr
ader
s an
d ex
port
ers
by e
nd Y
ear
1
Dat
abas
e of
info
rmat
ion
obta
ined
fr
om tr
ader
s de
velo
ped
by e
nd Y
ear
2 Revi
sion
of c
olle
ctio
n si
tes
by th
e en
d Ye
ar 2
MEE
MF,
ASG
-M
ad, t
rade
rs
and
expo
rter
s
Actio
n 3.
24 r
elat
es
spec
ifica
lly to
eng
agin
g ov
er
Bd
5.5
Dev
elop
sta
ndar
dise
d m
etho
dolo
gy fo
r id
entif
ying
sp
ecie
s at
ris
k th
roug
h th
e pe
t tr
ade
Med
ium
M
ediu
mM
etho
dolo
gy d
ocum
ents
pro
duce
d an
d be
ing
used
(sur
vey
repo
rts)
by
end
Year
5
ASG
-Mad
Chal
leng
ing
as d
iffer
ent
spec
ies
requ
ire
diff
eren
t m
etho
ds. E
xist
ing
met
hodo
logy
ava
ilabl
e th
roug
h CI
TES
web
site
Them
e 5:
Har
vest
ing
and
trad
e of
am
phib
ians
36
Them
e 6:
Cap
tive
bree
ding
and
zoo
act
ions
Act
ion
Prio
rity
(H, M
, L)
Tim
efra
me
(S, M
, L)
Indi
cato
rs
(By
end
of t
ime
fram
e or
5 y
ears
)In
stit
ions
Not
es a
nd C
omm
ents
6.1
AArk
con
serv
atio
n ne
eds
asse
ssm
ent d
one
for
all M
alag
asy
amph
ibia
n sp
ecie
s an
d us
ed a
s ba
sis
to d
evel
op a
n ex
situ
act
ion
plan
for
Mad
agas
car
Hig
hSh
ort
Cons
erva
tion
need
s as
sess
men
t re
port
s do
ne b
y en
d Ye
ar 1
Ex s
itu a
ctio
n pl
an fo
r M
adag
asca
r de
velo
ped
and
in p
lace
by
mid
-Yea
r 2 Co
nser
vatio
n ne
eds
asse
ssm
ents
are
re
view
ed a
nd u
pdat
ed in
ligh
t of n
ew
info
rmat
ion
from
sus
cept
ibili
ty tr
ials
an
d di
seas
e di
stri
butio
n (r
evie
w
repo
rts)
AArk
, Ex
situ
Co
ordi
nato
r, AS
G-M
ad,
Dur
rell,
EAZ
A /
ATAG
, Che
ster
, na
tiona
l am
phib
ian
expe
rts
Hig
h le
vel a
ctio
n w
ill
info
rm fu
ture
dir
ectio
n
6.2
Appo
int a
Mad
agas
car
Ex s
itu
Cons
erva
tion
Coor
dina
tor
Hig
hSh
ort
Coor
dina
tor
in p
lace
by
end
of Y
ear
1
Term
s of
Ref
eren
ce p
rodu
ced
ASG
-Mad
, AAr
kAA
rk h
ave
secu
red
fund
s fr
om z
oos
for
sim
ilar
posi
tions
in o
ther
co
untr
ies.
Opt
ions
for
esta
blis
hing
a c
omm
ittee
as
wel
l
6.3
Cent
ralis
e al
l pro
toco
ls,
man
agem
ent d
ocum
ents
rel
ated
to
the
capt
ive
bree
ding
of
Mal
agas
y sp
ecie
s
Low
Long
Onl
ine
repo
sito
ry id
entifi
ed b
y Ye
ar 2
All d
ocum
ents
dep
osite
d in
a
cent
ralis
ed d
atab
ase
annu
ally
from
Ye
ar 3
Ex s
itu
Coor
dina
tor,
ATAG
/EAZ
A,
AArk
AArk
web
site
alr
eady
has
an
ext
ensi
ve H
usba
ndry
D
ocum
ents
libr
ary
that
sh
ould
be
used
as
a ce
ntra
l res
ourc
e: w
ww
.am
phib
iana
rk.o
rg/
husb
andr
y-do
cum
ents
/
6.4
Ensu
re a
ll pr
otoc
ols
and
docu
men
ts a
re a
vaila
ble
in
Engl
ish,
Fre
nch
and/
or M
alag
asy
Low
Long
All i
nitia
l doc
umen
ts in
dat
abas
e tr
ansl
ated
by
end
Year
4
All d
ocum
ents
dep
osite
d in
at l
east
tw
o la
ngua
ges
Ex s
itu
Coor
dina
tor,
ATAG
/EAZ
A,
Pari
s Zo
o,
Thoi
ry Z
oo
6.5
Inco
rpor
ate
man
agem
ent d
ata
for
in c
ount
ry e
x si
tu fa
cilit
ies
into
th
e ZI
MS/
ISIS
net
wor
k
Med
ium
Long
Impl
emen
tatio
n op
tions
rev
iew
ed
and
best
way
iden
tified
in Y
ear
2
Dat
a in
corp
orat
ed in
to Z
IMS
by Y
ear
3 an
d re
gula
rly
upda
ted
Ex s
itu
Coor
dina
tor,
Dur
rell,
Ch
este
r, AT
AG/
EAZA
Opt
ions
incl
ude:
via
re
gion
al m
embe
rshi
p;
zoo
spon
sors
hip;
fund
s fo
r Co
ordi
nato
r to
fund
m
embe
rshi
p
37
6.6
Mad
agas
car
base
d ex
situ
sta
ff tr
aine
d in
ZIM
SM
ediu
m
Shor
tZI
MS
trai
ning
cou
rses
run
dur
ing
Year
2 (r
epor
ts)
Ex s
itu
Coor
dina
tor,
Dur
rell,
Ch
este
r, AT
AG/
EAZA
6.7
Esta
blis
h a
trai
ning
net
wor
k to
im
prov
e ca
ptiv
e br
eedi
ng c
apac
ity
in M
adag
asca
r an
d en
sure
long
-te
rm s
tabi
lity
of c
urre
nt a
nd
futu
re c
aptiv
e br
eedi
ng c
olon
ies
Hig
hLo
ngM
embe
rs id
entifi
ed a
nd c
onta
cted
by
end
Yea
r 2
Net
wor
k in
pla
ce a
nd o
pera
tiona
l by
Year
3 (n
etw
ork
mee
ting
min
utes
)An
nual
trai
ning
of c
aptiv
e br
eedi
ng
staff
und
erta
ken
(trai
ning
rep
orts
)
Follo
w-u
p as
sess
men
ts o
f tra
ined
st
aff d
one
ever
y 2
year
s
Ex s
itu
Coor
dina
tor,
Dur
rell,
AAr
k,
Ches
ter,
ATAG
/EA
ZA, A
SG-M
ad,
ASA
Regu
lar
reso
urce
s to
run
th
e tr
aini
ng c
ours
es
6.8
Rapi
d-re
spon
se p
roto
col
deve
lope
d in
the
case
of h
avin
g to
ta
ke s
peci
es o
ut o
f the
wild
into
ca
ptiv
ity
Hig
hSh
ort
Prot
ocol
doc
umen
t inc
ludi
ng b
oth
in
and
out o
f cou
ntry
opt
ions
in p
lace
by
the
end
of Y
ear
1
Appr
oved
pro
toco
l doc
umen
t by
auth
oriti
es Q
1 Ye
ar 2
Ex s
itu
Coor
dina
tor,
Dur
rell,
AAr
k,
Ches
ter,
ATAG
/EA
ZA
Link
ed to
Act
ion
3.17
Incl
udes
in a
nd o
ut o
f co
untr
y op
tions
6.9
Cond
uct p
ublic
aw
aren
ess
to
educ
ate
publ
ic in
Mad
agas
car
on
ex s
itu p
rogr
amm
es
Low
Long
Awar
enes
s ac
tiviti
es a
nd ta
rget
au
dien
ces
iden
tified
by
end
Year
1
Activ
ities
con
duct
ed a
nd
docu
men
ted
(rep
orts
, pho
tos)
Ex s
itu
Coor
dina
tor,
Dur
rell,
AAr
k,
Ches
ter,
ATAG
/EA
ZA, A
SG-
Mad
, cap
tive
bree
ding
ce
ntre
s
Mos
t im
port
ant a
roun
d ar
eas
whe
re e
x si
tu
prog
ram
mes
exi
st. L
inke
d to
Act
ion
1.6.
Rol
e of
ev
eryo
ne
6.10
Mad
agas
car
capt
ive
bree
ding
co
mm
unity
eng
age
with
ove
rsea
s zo
o co
mm
unity
to s
tren
gthe
n ne
twor
ks fo
r re
sear
ch u
sing
ex
situ
col
onie
s
Med
ium
Long
Ove
rsea
s in
stitu
tions
inte
rest
ed
to s
uppo
rt th
e ex
situ
com
pone
nt
of A
CSAM
2 a
nd th
eir
pote
ntia
l id
entifi
ed b
y Q
1 Ye
ar 2
Rese
arch
que
stio
ns, p
lan
and
budg
et
for
ex s
itu c
omm
uniti
es in
and
out
of
coun
try
deve
lope
d by
end
of Y
ear
2
Zoo
rese
arch
net
wor
k es
tabl
ishe
d w
ith r
egul
ar d
ocum
ente
d ex
chan
ges
by e
nd o
f Yea
r 2
Ex s
itu
Coor
dina
tor,
AArk
, ASG
-Mad
, AS
A, D
urre
ll,
Ches
ter,
ATAG
/EA
ZA
Stro
ng li
nk b
etw
een
coor
dina
tor
in c
ount
ry o
f ex
situ
and
rep
rese
ntat
ives
fr
om o
utsi
de M
adag
asca
r
38
6.11
Con
duct
ass
ocia
ted
in s
itu
wor
k in
sup
port
of e
x si
tu w
ork
as d
irec
ted
by A
Ark
cons
erva
tion
need
s as
sess
men
t
Hig
hLo
ngIn
situ
res
earc
h pr
iori
ties
iden
tified
th
roug
h th
e AA
rk c
onse
rvat
ion
need
s as
sess
men
t Q2
Year
1
Repo
rts
of in
situ
res
earc
h pr
oduc
ed
and
pres
ente
d
ASG
-Mad
, AAr
k,
MFG
, NG
O’s
Lack
of g
roup
s /
rese
arch
ers
to u
nder
take
in
situ
res
earc
h
6.12
Iden
tify
prio
rity
spe
cies
and
si
tes
for
assi
sted
col
onis
atio
nM
ediu
mLo
ngSp
ecie
s w
here
ass
iste
d co
loni
satio
n is
a p
rior
ity n
eed
to b
e id
entifi
ed a
nd
repo
rt p
rodu
ced
by e
nd Y
ear
3
Site
s id
entifi
ed a
nd r
epor
t pro
duce
d by
end
Yea
r 5
Stra
tegy
and
pro
cedu
res
for
assi
sted
co
loni
satio
n pr
oduc
ed b
y en
d of
yea
r 5
ASG
-Mad
, AAr
k
39
APP
END
IX –
200
8 A
CTI
ON
PLA
N R
EVIE
W
Mantidactylus majori © Gonçalo M. Rosa
40
Before developing a new, updated Sahonagasy Action Plan the participants reviewed the progress made against the actions of the first Sahonagasy Action Plan (SAP), developed as a result of the first ACSAM meeting in 2006. This was done in two groups during the afternoon session on Wednesday 19 November 2014 for Themes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8. Reviews of the Theme 3 (Disease) and Theme 7 (Captive breeding) were done at the beginning of those particular sessions on Thursday and Friday.
This was a fairly quick appraisal of the progress against the original actions as a comprehensive review had been carried out in 2012 and the results published in the peer-review journal Alytes. This paper formed the basis of conducting the review at ACSAM2:
Andreone, F., Carpenter, A.I., Copsey, J., Crottini, A., Jenkins, R.K.B., Köhler, J., Rabibisoa, N.H.C., Randriamahazo, H. and Raxworthy, C.J. (2012) Saving the diverse Malagasy amphibian fauna: where are we four years after implementation of the Sahonagasy Action Plan. Alytes 29:44–58.
One of the main comments made by many of the participants was that it was very difficult to say for certain whether an action had been achieved as many were not SMART. That is they were very broad in scope, with no measurable indicators and not time-bound. As such many actions were listed as being partially completed with no measure of the amount achieved. This was an area that the participants felt needed to be addressed when developing the new action plan.
OVERVIEW
Boophis rufioculis © Gonçalo M. Rosa
41
REVIEW OF 2008 ACTIONSBelow is the review of the priorities as conducted by the participants at ACSAM2. The format is based on the Alytes paper. Whether each action was accomplished was assessed as either YES (totally accomplished), PARTIAL (partially accomplished) or NO (not completed or no information available regarding completion). The main comments made by the participants in relation to each action are also provided.
Theme 1: Coordination of research and conservation activities
2008 Sahonagasy Action Plan priorities
Actions Accomplished and comments
Establish Amphibian Executive Secretariat
Establish a full time salaried Amphibian Executive Secretariat
PARTIAL: Achieved for the first 5 years. No funding since 2013
Define standards for the collection and use of DNA samples
Define labs in Madagascar that could do DNA work
Establish data sharing protocol for DNA data
DNA extraction, PCR and data analysis facilities operational in Madagascar
Obtain regular and stable funding for DNA analysis consumables
YES
NO
NO: None being done as of 2014. There are difficulties doing this in country
NO
Raising awareness Produce guidebooks
Produce information booklets and other communication tools
YES but distribution must be facilitated
YES Awareness must be ongoing
Management of an amphibian information website
Establish a species website and initiatives
YES but needs further development and ongoing maintenance
Boophis pyrrhus © Gonçalo M. Rosa
42
Theme 2: Monitoring Madagascar’s amphibians2008 Sahonagasy Action Plan priorities
Actions Accomplished and comments
Establish a monitoring protocol for threatened and traded species
Regular surveys of commercially exploited species
Regular surveys of threatened species
Training of parabiologists to collect data on amphibians
Training of local guides to collect data on amphibians
Involve local specialists in monitoring projects
Evaluate the successes of ongoing conservation actions
Encourage on-line deposition of data and photographs
PARTIAL not for all species
PARTIAL not for all species
PARTIAL but is an ongoing action
PARTIAL but is an ongoing action
PARTIAL but is an ongoing action
PARTIAL definitely done for golden mantella project
YES
Monitoring selected communities
Analyse important community parameters
PARTIAL ongoing action
Long-term assessment of two sites
Establish two TEAM sites in Madagascar (East and West)
Establish other sites that use similar methods
Establish a specific acoustic library
Establish cautionary hygiene protocols
PARTIAL only East site identified (not TEAM)
PARTIAL Mangabe, Sahamalaza? (not TEAM sites)
YES but may need updating
YES but doubts over whether it is used widely
Monitoring at elevational transects
Regular altitudinal surveys PARTIAL
Chytrid monitoring at Ankaratra. © Jeff Dawson
43
Theme 3: Managing emerging amphibian disease2008 Sahonagasy Action Plan priorities
Actions Accomplished and comments
Determine the Bd status of Madagascar amphibians
Screening of frogs across taxonomic ranges
Screening of frogs in areas with high diversity and unique assemblages
Screening of frogs in port of Toamasina
Quantitative analysis through susceptibility experiments to identify sensitive species in which the disease can develop
Quantitative analysis by considering risk factors that are most frequently associated with Bd-induced population declines
Annual monitoring for Bd
PARTIAL should update to include ranavirus
YES
PARTIAL only through screening of some toads PARTIAL
PARTIAL
YES
Revise animal and equipment trade regulations (importation)
Revise diagnostic services of animal health services to identify Bd / other pathogens
Develop guidelines for amphibian translocations that include specific quarantine and testing recommendations
Incorporate the risk factors of pathogen transfer from aquatic products into the animal trade regulations
PARTIAL some uncertainty over what it means
YES
PARTIAL risk factors developed but not incorporated
Develop a hygiene protocol Design a protocol that includes the handling of frogs in the field, husbandry and laboratory practices and customs regulations
Ensure the protocol is relevant to the scientific and animal trade communities
PARTIAL field and lab protocols done
NO
Stakeholder communication on Pathogen Action Plan objectives
Appoint an emergency response team for the purpose of investigating any reports of amphibian mortality
Develop a national database of amphibian pathogen related events
Use communication opportunities for sharing information about the results of Bd surveys in Madagascar
YES
NO
PARTIAL
44
Theme 4: Climate change and amphibians2008 Sahonagasy Action Plan priorities
Actions Accomplished and comments
Modelling of target species Use models to assess adaptability of species and likely mitigation successes
Predicting shifts of the distribution of amphibians from predicted changes of climate and vegetation
Identify important amphibian refuges for adaptation to climate change
PARTIAL information is available but no modelling done
PARTIAL done for 1 site but needs updating
NO how useful / feasible is this?
Monitoring programme to detect threats to amphibians due to climate change
Annual monitoring established at elevational transects
NO how feasible is this? Sites still need identifying and other preliminary work done before this can happen
Expanding protected areas by creation of refuge areas
Expand protected area system for amphibians
Update existing protected area management plans by including climate change
Adjust existing protected area boundaries to accommodate for range shifts
Update fire management strategies
Translocate highly threatened montane amphibians or move them to captivity
Manage protected areas and incorporate connectivity
PARTIAL some sites have been expanded. Ongoing activity
NO this is a long-term goal. No preliminary work done. Is it a high priority in light of other threats?
NO boundaries being changed by external processes e.g. deforestation
NO but is important for amphibians
NO species have not been identified
NO
Theme 5: Management of focal amphibian sites for conservation2008 Sahonagasy Action Plan priorities
Actions Accomplished and comments
Data collection in the field Regular monitoring of amphibians and key habitats
Survey potential areas for priority species
PARTIAL more needs to be done
PARTIAL at some sites, more needs to be done
Supporting local populations Establish the value of focal amphibian sites for human livelihoods
PARTIAL
Integrating focal amphibian sites in the protected area network
Establish a task force to identify potential areas for protected species
Promote amphibian conservation in existing protected areas
Establish new protected areas for amphibians
Scrutinize the literature for developments that significantly impact species conservation priorities
NO
PARTIAL not all protected areas have these
YES but want more
PARTIAL but is an ongoing action; need to clarify the intent of action
45
Theme 6: Harvesting and trade of amphibians2008 Sahonagasy Action Plan priorities
Actions Accomplished and comments
Develop extraction models for setting harvest quota
Assess the impact of collection on edible frogs
Study the ecology of frog species collected for local consumption
Socio-economic study on edible frog trade
Conduct Population Viability Analysis (PVA) of threatened species in the trade
YES
YES
YES
NO
Establish improved economic and management structures and procedures
Monitor international trade
Assess the trade chain
Periodic review of national legislation concerning amphibians
YES but ongoing
YES
PARTIAL
Integrate trade / collection models into economic management
Assess potential for farming endemic edible frogs in Madagascar
NO not feasible
Capacity building / knowledge transfer
Direct contact made between Madagascar and other CITES authorities
YES
Boophis viridis © Gonçalo M. Rosa
46
Theme 7: Captive breeding and zoo action2008 Sahonagasy Action Plan priorities
Actions Accomplished and comments
Collection of data in the wild Field studies on candidate captive breeding species
Develop standardised protocols for the management of priority species
Monitor environmental parameters at sites with candidate captive species
Research on breeding behaviour
PARTIAL
PARTIAL protocols at Mitsinjo but vary between species
NO
NO
Selection of breeding and priority species
Prioritise threatened species for captive breeding using established methods
Prioritise “ecological guild” species for captive breeding using established methods
Identify institutions or individuals to breed each species by Amphibian ARK
YES but AARK assessment needs updating
YES but AARK assessment needs updating
PARTIAL
Education programmes Public awareness activities focussed on ex situ colonies
NO
Training Training and capacity building on captive breeding in Madagascar
YES but ongoing
Reinforce wild populations Field assessment of sites to receive reinforced populations
NO
Theme 8: Development of a unified herpetological collection2008 Sahonagasy Action Plan priorities
Actions Accomplished and comments
Purchase of laboratory materials
Provide needed instruments NO
Cataloguing of existing specimens
Establish a joint management system of the two existing collections
Establish a single database for the two existing collections
PARTIAL
NO
Sharing the specimens and curator
Salaried curator recruited NO
Permanent education facilities Increased awareness PARTIAL
48
