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The coolest cleaning method you’ll ever use.DryiceblastingwithCRYOCLEAN®isconvenient,eco-friendlyandefficient.

2 Dry ice blasting with CRYOCLEAN®

Contents.

4 Why dry ice blasting is an attractive alter native to conventional cleaning processes.

5 The special properties of CO2.

6 Cleaning with dry ice has many advantages.

7 How dry ice blasting works.

8 Dry ice blasting units: CRYOMAX®, CRYOMINI® and others.

10 Production of dry ice pellets.

11 The ICEMASTER system works with liquid CO2.

12 Dry ice blasting: some of the many applications.

14 Dry ice blasting: before and after cleaning.

16 Tried and tested: dry ice blasting works in most professional cleaning areas.

18 Dangers and precautions.

19 AGAs services and subsidiaries can be found worldwide.

4 Dry ice blasting with CRYOCLEAN®

Duringnumerousnatural,aswellasindustrialandotherproductionprocesses,residuesandotherunwantedsubstancesbecomeattachedtosubstructures,machinepartsorstoragetanks.Thinkforinstanceofoils,fats,waxes,resins,soot,inks,rubber,dyes,bitumen,paint,glue,moss,dirtetc.Thesoilingofsurfaces,equipment,machines,toolsorpiecesofworkhasundesirableconsequences:→ Poorerquality (necessitatingeitherrejectionorrefinishing).→Longerproductioncycles.→Safetyrisks.→Reducedefficiencyofsubsequentsurface treatments.→ Unattractiveappearance.

Thenthereare,ofcourse,manyintentionallyappliedcoatingsthathavetoberemovedforavarietyofreasons.

However,apartfromtheoftendifficulttaskofcleaningitself,mostconventionalcleaningprocessescauseadditionalproblems:→ Wearasaresultofusingabrasivecleaningagents.→ Costsfordisposalandprocessingofusedcleaning agents(sand,glassbeads,wateretc.).→ Downtimesand/orcostlycool-downandwarm-up timesbecauseequipmenthastobedismantledto removesoiledpartsforcleaning.

DryiceblastingwithLindeGastechnologyremovesvariouskindsofcontaminationquiteeffortlessly,whilebeingenvironmentallyfriendly.Unlikecleaningtechniquesthatusesubstancessuchassandorglassbeadsasblast-cleaningagents,itdoesn’tleavebehindresidues.There-fore,itisanattractivealternativetoconventionalcleaningprocesses.Itletsyoucleanrightattheproductionsite,reducesdowntimes,isgentleonsubstratesanddoesn’trequirethedisposalofcleaningagentresidues.

From now on, you can do without cleaning agent residues.Whydryiceblastingisanattractivealternativetoconventionalcleaningprocesses.

®) ICEBITZZZ, CRYOCLEAN, CRYOMAX and CRYOMINI are registered trademarks of the Linde Group.

5Dry ice blasting with CRYOCLEAN®

From dry ice to gas in no time flat.ThespecialpropertiesofCO2.

Dryiceisthesolidformofcarbondioxide,orCO2forshort.LiquidCO2isstoredeitherincylindersatambienttemperatureunderabout60barorinvacuum-insulatedtanksatabout-20°Cunder20barpressure.WhenliquidCO2expands,finelypowderedsnowisformed.Dryicecloselyresemblesnormalwaterice,buthasverydifferentproperties:→ Dryicecontainsnowater.→ Itstemperatureremainsconstantat-78°C.→ Whenenergyisapplied(e.g.heatorenergy releasedbyimpact),dryiceisdirectlyconverted intoitsgaseousstatewithoutliquefyingfirst. Thiseliminatesthenecessityofspecialdisposal measures,thussavingyoumoney.

→ Carbondioxideisconsiderednontoxic.→ Itisalsonon-flammable.→ Thegasusuallybehavesasaninertsubstance,this meansthatthereisnochemicalreactionwithits environment.→ Thereisnoliquidphaseatanystepofthecleaningprocess.

CO2 state diagram SolidCO2(dryice) LiquidCO2(LIC) SuperCritical GaseousCO2

Pres

sure

(Ba

r)

0.1

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40Temperature (°C)

Sublimationpoint of dry ice

Triplepoint ofcarbon dioxide

Critical PointOperating parametersof LIC tanks

6 CRYOCLEAN® global gas solutions

Faster, and therefore cheaperMachinesnolongerneedtobedisassembledforcleaning,asin-linecleaningisoftenpossible.Thiscutsdowntimetoaminimum.

Non-abrasiveDryicepelletsarenoharderthanplasterandchangeintogasthemo-menttheyhitthesurface.Contrarytoconventionalblastingmedia,thesoftdryicedoesn’tcauseweartothesubstrate.Indryicecleaning,theblastingpressurecanbeadjustedbetween2and16bar,thusadaptingtheaggressivenessoftheprocesstotheindividualdemandofthespecialcleaningjob.

Eco-friendlyDryicecanbeanexcellentreplacementforcorrosiveandaggressivesolvents–thoughwithouttheharmfulemissions.Asthiscleaningprocessdoesn’tusewater,alotofexpensivewastewatertreatmentmeasuresarebecomingobsolete.Sticky,elasticdirtisremovedquicklyandeasilywithoutleavingremnantsofanyblast-cleaningagent,thuseliminatingadditionalcleanupandremovalcosts.

DryDryiceblastingisadrymethodofcleaning.Becausethecleaningagentevaporates,thereisnomixingwiththeremovedcontaminant.Nowaterisreleasedduringtheprocess.Thiseliminatesalotofproblemswhencleaningprocessingunitsforwater-sensitiveproducts.

It’s a dirty job but now someone’s going to love it.Cleaningwithdryicehasmanyadvantages.

Cleaning a coffee production plant

7CRYOCLEAN® global gas solutions

Blast-cleaningwithpelletsofdryiceisbasedonacombinationoffoureffects:

1 Embrittlement:Organicmaterialshardenandembrittleundercooling.Thisreducestheirelasticityandadhesiveness,makingremovaleasier.

2 Thermoshock:Becauseofthesuddenlocalcooling,differencesintherateofshrinkagecreateintensethermaltensionsintheboundaryareaandloosenthecompoundbetweenthecontaminationlayerandthesubstrate.

3 Impact:Uponimpact–generatedbythespeedandmassofthedryicepellets–kineticenergyistransformedintoanabrasivecleaningforce.

4 Explosive sublimation:Thetransferofheatfromtheverycoldpelletstotherelativelywarmsurfacetobecleanedcausesthesolid-phasecarbondioxidetosublimealmostinstantlytothegasphase.Thisprocessisaccompaniedbyavolumeincreasewithafactorofapproximately500;thisvirtualmicro-explosionofcarbondioxideblastsawaythecontamination,whichhasalreadybeenloosened,carryingitalongontheflowofcompressedair.

Theresultachievedwithdryiceblastingdependson:→ theblastingpressure.→ thenozzle(availableinawiderangeofshapes).→ thepropertiesofthecontaminanttoberemoved.→ thematerial,temperatureandsurfaceroughness ofthesubstrate.

Theinterrelationbetweentheabovefactorsdeterminesthesuccess.

A convincing combination of amazing effects.Howdryiceblastingworks.

Removing resinated oil for renovation purposes

Short-term temperature drop on the surface

1 m

m

Nozzle

8 CRYOCLEAN® global gas solutions

1-Hose blasting systemsBymeansofa(rotary)airlock,rice-grainsizedpelletsarefedfromthemachine’shopperintoastreamofcompressedair,carriedtowardsthepistolandfinallyacceleratedinalaval-typeblastingnozzletoalmostsonicspeed.Thepelletsthenblastagainstthesurfacebeingcleaned.

Manywell-knownenterprisesusetheeasy-to-operateCRYOMAX®-andCRYOMINI®-systems.HoekLoos,theDutchsubsidiaryoftheLindeGroup,hasbeendevelopingandbuildingtheseblastingmachinesforover15years.

LindeGashasbeenexportingtheCRYOMINI®andCRYOMAX®toscoresofcountriesallovertheworldforanumberofyears.Ourreferencesincludemanyleadingcompanies.

Reliable, efficient, outstanding: a look at our hardware.Dryiceblastingunits:CRYOMAX®,CRYOMINI®andothers.

The many advantages of the blasting units CRYOMAX® and CRYOMINI® include easy handling, high efficiency and low maintenance.

Blasting pistol

CRYOMAX® and CRYOMINI®: Pressure-blasting unit (1-hose system)

Laval nozzle

Pellets

Hopper

Rotating feeder disc

Compressedair

Blasting hose

9CRYOCLEAN® global gas solutions

2-hose blasting systems Analternative,slightlysimplerdesignusesthesuctionprincipletoachievethesameresult:Thestreamofcompressedairproducesapar-tialvacuumintheblastinggun.Dryicepelletsarefedfromtheunit’shopperintothesucked-inairbymeansofasimpledosingscrew.ThesepelletsareentrainedbytheairstreamintheblastinghoseandsuppliedtotheVenturiblastingnozzle,wheretheyareacceleratedrapidlytowardsthecleaningtarget.

SomeusefultechnicalfeaturesareavailablefortheCryoGen2-hoseunits,forinstanceabuilt-ingrinderforasoftcleaningeffectonsensi-tivesurfacesandascraper-devicewhichcanbefedwithbiggerchunksofdryice(e.g.finger-sizednuggets).

Everycleaningjobhasitsownrequirements.Thebestsolutioncanbeselectedforeveryapplicationfromamongseveraldifferentmodelsof1-or2-hoseblastingunits.Thesmallandmobileblastingmachinescanbeconnectedanddisconnectedinalmostnotimeatall,whichiswhytheyareanattractivealternativetoconventionalcleaningmethods.

Ifyouwanttousethedryiceblast-cleaningtechniqueonlyfromtimetotime,wecanrecommendexperiencedblast-cleaningservicecompaniesreadytoserveyou.Lindehashighlyreliablepartnersforprofessionalindustrialcleaningjobsinnearlyeverylocation.

Graffiti removal with LT-280

Thenumberofprofessionalblast-cleaningestablishmentsusingCRYOCLEAN®technologybyLindecontinuestoincreasedaybyday.Aresultoftheefficiencyandreliabilityofthesemachines.

LT-100: Suction principle (2-hose system)

Air nozzle Venturi nozzle

Pellets

Hopper

Blasting pistolDosing Screw

Compressedair

Mixing chamber (vacuum)

Dry ice blasting with CRYOCLEAN®10

Pellets

ICEBITZZZ®

The formula for the ideal cleaning agent.Productionofdryicepellets.

Pelletizer

Dryicepelletsconsistofpurecarbondioxide(CO2)inthesolidstate.Theyareproducedinaso-calledpelletizerinourICEBITZZZ®factories.Dryicepellets(-78.5°C)haveapproximatelythesamehardnessasplaster.

Foruseasacleaningagent,cryogeniccarbondioxidesnowiscom-pactedintodryicepelletsbypressingitthroughspecialdies.Thebulkdensityofthepelletsisabout1000kg/m3.Theyhaveacharacteristicrice-grainshape(approximately5to10mmlongand3mmwide).

BecauseLindeGashasitsownproductionfacilitiesinseveraldozenworldwidelocations,weareabletosupplydryiceaccordingtothedemand.Deliveriesaremadeininsulatedcryo-containerswithcapacitiesbetween200and400kg.Thecryo-containerskeepthedryiceusableforatleast5to7daysfromtheproductiondate.Dryicecanalsobeproducedon-sitewhenhigherdemandarises.

Dry ice blasting with CRYOCLEAN® 11

Forsomeautomatedcleaningapplicationsanew,modifieddryiceblastingsystemisavailable.TheICEMASTERproducesthedryiceparticlesforthecleaningactiondirectlyondemandfromaliquid-CO2-supply.Thoughlessaggressivethanthecommondryiceblastingprocess(CRYOCLEAN®),thesystemisquiteadvantageousformanyapplicationsasitdoesn’tneedpellethandlingandrequiresonlylow-grademaintenance.

ThespecialworkingprincipleoftheICEMASTERsystemhasseveraladvantages:

→ Logjamsinblastingunitsduetocloggedpelletscannolongerhappen.

→ Nopersonnelisneededforrefillingpelletsorforotherhandlingactivities.

→ Nocostsforstorageofpelletsorformovingpelletboxesbetweenproductionandplaceofdemand.

→ AsitiseasilypossibletostoreliquidCO2(LIC)onalong-termbasis,cleaningpowerisalwaysreadyathand,evenforhighlyerraticcleaningdemand.

ThesearethebenefitswhichmaketheICEMASTERsystemaperfectsolutionforautomation,wherethecleaningprocesstakesplaceinfixedlocationssuchas:

→ specialcleaningcabins→ conveyorbelts.→ processstations(e.g.drilling).→ etc.

However,therequiredaggressivenessofthecleaningprocessshouldbeinthemediumrangeandthelayerthicknessshouldnotexceed1mm.OurspecialistsareavailabletoadapttheICEMASTERsystemtoyourrequirements.

Slightly different method, great results: dry ice blasting without pre-produced pellets.TheICEMASTERsystemworkswithliquidCO2.

Nozzle movement

Blasting airLow velocity

LIC

Blasting airHigh velocity

Target withcontamination

Dry ice blasting without pre-produced pellets Dry ice particles

Dry ice blasting with CRYOCLEAN®12

Thefollowingapplicationsarebutasmallselectionofthenumerouspresent-dayuses.Thesuccessfulapplicationofdryiceblastingdependslargelyonyourworkprocessandyourproduct(orthatofyourclient)andthetypeofcontaminationthathastoberemoved.Toestablishtheefficacyofdryiceblastinginyoursituation,

AGAcanoffertestinginitsownTestandDemonstrationCentersoratyoursite.Traversingsystemsareavailableforworkofarepetitivenature,suchasthecleaningofrollersand/ormolds.Itisalsopossibletouserobotsforcleaningmolds.AGAhastherightpartnerstoarrangethis.

And now it’s time to see a piece of the action.Dryiceblasting:someofthemanyapplications.

Dry ice blasting with CRYOCLEAN® 13

Cleaning beaches after oil spill.

Dry ice blasting with CRYOCLEAN®14

Inrecentyears,LindeGashasachievedexcellentresultsinvariousbranchesofindustry.Particularlyinsituationswhereconventionalclea-ningmethodshavedetrimentalsideeffects,thedryiceblast-cleaning

methodcanbetheanswer.Thetotalabsenceofblastmediumresidues,thenon-abrasivenatureofthepelletsandtheintensivecleaningactionhaveprovedtheirvalueinindustrialapplicationstimeandagain.

Maximum effect with minimum downtime.Dryiceblasting:beforeandaftercleaning.

Cleaning the Spanish coast after the “Prestige” disaster

Cleaning polyurethane molds

Dry ice blasting with CRYOCLEAN® 15

Before and after cleaning: streetcar platforms … … and conveyor belts.

Removing resinated oil for renovation purposes

Dry ice blasting with CRYOCLEAN®16

Triedandtested:dryiceblastingworksinmostprofessionalcleaningareas.Device or location Type of contaminationPrinting and allied tradesoffsetprintingpresses,conveyorbelts printinginks,oil,greasephotocopiermanufacture/parts dyes,tonerstonerextruderscrews hardenedtonercrown-corkproductionmachineparts/printingdevices printinginks,oil,greasedieplates,punchingtools productresiduesfinishing(andlabeling)machines remnantsofglue,ink,stickersetc.papermills,filterscreens cellulosefibersFood industrybreadandpastrymachines (preliminary)productresidues,fat,arabicgumchocolateindustry caramel,(preliminary)productresidues,fat,arabicgumfat-processingindustry productresidues(fat,additives)ovensandconveyorbelts cookingresidues,grease,arabicgumdeepcleaninginindustrialkitchens(e.g.cookerhoods) fatandoilremnantsetc.packaging(andlabeling)machines remnantsofglue,ink,stickersetc.machineryandhalls remnantsoffats,cocoa,arabicgumetc.fishandcheeseprocessing(machinery,tiledwalls) productleftovers,depositsofproteinmaterialMetal-working industry/Foundriescoreboxes releasingagent,sandresiduescastingmolds/dies releasingagentrollingmillrollers depositsofanykindweldingrobots weldingvapordeposits,spattersitedecontamination dust,smoke,depositsofanykindsteelmachineparts rustfilmRubber/Plastic/Foam industrypressesandmolds,e.g.intheautomotiveindustry fat,oil,dirt,productresiduesonperipheralpartspolyurethanemolds(examples:dashboards,PU-foaming,seats,backshelves) releasingagentresiduesmanufactureofpackagingmaterials glue,productresiduesproductionofplastics(tunneldriersetc.) vapordepositsvulcanizationmolds,automobiletiremolds releasingagents,chemicalevaporationconveyorbelts rubberdustsplitterrollers,productionmachinery plasticfoils,varioustypesofremnants

Works of artMatrixes and molds

Dry ice blasting with CRYOCLEAN® 17

Device or location Type of contaminationCleaning servicesrestorationofcarsandotheroldmachinery paint,glue,oil,fat,wax,resin,dirtetc.railwayplatforms,shoppingmalls,escalators, chewinggum,grease,dirt,paintwalls,decorativepaving,publicspacesandgardens weeds,greenmossparquetfloor varnishesandwaxes,contaminatedwithdirtorhazardoussubstanceshardwood sootleftafterafire,paintorcoatingsboats(yachts) antifoulingbuildingfacades paint,dirt,mossacrylatebillboards,trucks stickers,glueremnantsandletteringaluminumwindow/doorframes anti-graffiticoatingsoffshoreaccessoryequipment,bridgesandlocktowers rust,oil,grease,paintpublicbuildings,showrooms,productionhallsandequipment sootleftafterafirebuildingdecontamination PCB-contaminatedexpansionjointsIndustrial cleaningturbineblades combustiondeposits,grease,dirt,anti-corrosioncoatingsaccessoryequipment(e.g.stopvalvesandpiping) varioustypesofdepositsfluesandventilationducts dust,fathigh-voltageinstallations dirt,dust,mossconveyorbelts variousproductionresidueslabelingmachines remnantsofglue,inketc.roadconstructionmachinery,storagetanks,transportequipment(trucks),fillingstations fat,oil,bitumen,productresiduespaintmanufactureandprocessing,paintmixers,sprayingcabins drypaintremnants,overspraystoragetanksandproductionhallschemicalsubstancesofanykindetc. paint,resinresp.preliminaryproductsweldingrobots weldingvapordeposits,spatterswitchboxes dustPVDmachines vapordepositsasbestosremoval (sprayed)asbestossteelmachineparts rustfilmheatexchangers varioustypesofdepositselectricpowerplants/generators dirt,attrition

Cleaning a caramel mixer Deep cleaning in industrial kitchens

Dry ice blasting with CRYOCLEAN®18

In some cases, gas masks are highly recommended – e.g. when clea n ing heat exchangers and harmful materials are blasted loose.

When dry ice blasting (e.g. when renovating an old half-timbered house, as shown here), always wear protective clothing.

VentilationGaseouscarbondioxidecandisplacetheambientair;alwaysensurethatthereisadequateventilationinordertopreventthebuild-upofadangerousconcentrationofcarbondioxide.

MAC valueTheMACvalue(theMaximumAcceptableContractiontowhichaworkermaybeexposedduringeighthoursaday)forcarbondioxideis500ppm(0.5%)or9gperm3.

Gas detection (CO2)Carbondioxideis50%heavierthanair.Itcanaccumulateinconfinedspacesorlow-lyingareassuchascellarsandworkingpits.Insuchcircumstances,usesuitablegasdetectionequipmentandensureade-quateventilation.LindeGaswouldbegladtoadviseyouonthis.

Explosive AtmospheresUnfortunately,dryiceorCO2ispronetoelectrostaticcharging.Evengroundingallblastingequipmentisnoadequateprecautionagainstelectricaldischarge.Forcleaningjobsinthoseareas,theEx-zonehastobesuspended,e.g.byproperventilationaccompaniedbydiligentcontrolmeasurements.

GlovesIncaseofskincontact,thecold(-78.5°C),solid-phasecarbondioxidecangiverisetocoldburn;alwaysusegloveswhenhandlingdryice.

Ear protectionDryiceblastinggeneratesnoise(from70upto115dBA),dependingonthenozzleandtheblastingpressureused;alwaysuseearprotection.

Protective clothingAlwayswearprotectiveclothingwhiledryiceblasting,togetherwithafaceshieldorsafetygoggles.

Harmful materialThematerialblastedloose(thecontaminant)isoftenharmful.Shieldyourselfandyoursurroundingsfromitbyusingablastingcubicle,agasmaskorproperventilation.

What to keep in mind when dry ice blasting.Dangersandprecautions.

Dry ice blasting with CRYOCLEAN® 19

Formanyofitscustomers,fromindustrialcompaniestoprivately-runenterprises,AGAhasbecomemuchmorethanjustasupplierofgases.Withourin-depthknowledgeanddecadesofexperience,weareabletoprovideawiderangeofservicesinallfieldsrelatedtotheuseofgases.Andwithourworldwidenetworkofinternationalcontacts,wecanhelpyou,ourcustomers,tofindjustthekindofprofessionalsup-portyouneed.

Pleasenote:Dryiceisavailableinmanycountriesthroughouttheworld,includingtheUSA,mostEuropeanaswellasmanySouthAme-ricanandAsiancountries.Wherenopelletsareavailable,liquidCO2ordryiceinothersupplyformsmaybefound.

Just ask your local AGA partner for more information.

You can profit from our international contacts for dry ice blasting.AGAsservicesandsubsidiariescanbefoundworldwide.

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FinlandOyAGAAbwww.aga.fi

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IcelandISAGAehfwww.aga.is

EstoniaASEestiAGAwww.aga.ee

LatviaAGASIAwww.aga.lv

LithuaniaAGAUABwww.aga.lt

Withitsinnovativeconcepts,AGAisplayingapioneeringroleintheglobalmarket.Asatechnologyleader,ourtaskistoconstantlyraisethebar.Traditionallydrivenbyentrepreneurship,weareworkingsteadilyonnewhigh-qualityproductsandinnovativeprocesses.

AGAoffersmore.Wecreateaddedvalue,clearlydiscerniblecompetitiveadvantagesandgreaterprofitability.Eachconceptistailoredspecificallytomeetourcustomers’requirements–offeringstandardizedaswellascustomisedsolutions.Thisappliestoallindustriesandallcompaniesregardlessoftheirsize.

AGA – ideas become solutions

Gettingaheadthroughinnovation.

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