New YorkNew York

Henry HudsonHenry Hudson’’s s VoyagesVoyages

Henry HudsonHenry Hudson’’s s VoyagesVoyages

The Dutch Found New Netherland

• 1609- Henry Hudson (employed by the Dutch Gov’t) gave permission to Dutch West India Company to colonize New Netherland

• Hoped to expand thriving fur trade

• Capital was called New Amsterdam (Now NYC)

A Diverse Colony

• Encouraged Germans, French, Scandinavians and Africans (both free and enslaved) to settle.

• Enjoyed a good trade relationship with the Native Americans.

English TakeoverEnglish TakeoverEnglish TakeoverEnglish Takeover

To the English, New Netherland had become a “Dutch wedge”.

King Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York

1664 English soldiers arrived.

Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses.

Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a shot.

New Netherlands New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Becomes a British Royal

ColonyColony

New Netherlands New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Becomes a British Royal

ColonyColonyRenamed “New York” England gained strategic harbor between

her northern & southern colonies.

England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

New York City New York City [1673][1673]New York City New York City [1673][1673]

NYC CoinsNYC Coins[17[17cc – Early 18 – Early 18cc]]

Dutch Residue in New Dutch Residue in New YorkYork

Dutch Residue in New Dutch Residue in New YorkYorkEarly 20Early 20cc Dutch Revival Dutch Revival

Building in NYC.Building in NYC.

New York New York CityCityseal.seal.

Names Harlem, Brooklyn

Architecture gambrel roof

Customs Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, bowling, sleighing, skating, kolf [golf].

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania

The QuakersThe QuakersThe QuakersThe QuakersCalled Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices.

They offended religious & secular leaders in England.

Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England.

They met without paid clergy

Believed all were children of God refused to treat the upper classes with deference.

Dressed plainly

Addressed them as commoners ”thees”/“thous.”

Wouldn’t take oaths.

Pacifists.

Quaker MeetingQuaker MeetingQuaker MeetingQuaker Meeting

1681 he received agrant from king toestablish a colony.

This settled a debt the king owed his father.

Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”].

Penn saw his colony as a “holy experiment”

-Called for a representative assembly and freedom of religion. Focused on equality, cooperation and tolerance

He sent out paid agents and advertised for settlers his pamphlets were pretty honest.

Liberal land policy attracted many immigrants.

William PennWilliam PennWilliam PennWilliam Penn

Royal Land Grant to Royal Land Grant to PennPenn

Royal Land Grant to Royal Land Grant to PennPenn

Penn & Native Penn & Native AmericansAmericans

Penn & Native Penn & Native AmericansAmericans

Bought [didn’t simply take] land from Indians.

Quakers went among the Indians unarmed.

Had a court made up of N.A. and Colonists

BUT…….. non-Quaker Europeans flooded PA

Treated native peoples poorly.

This undermined the actions of the Quakers!

PennPenn’’s Treaty s Treaty

with thewith the Native Native AmericansAmericans

PennPenn’’s Treaty s Treaty

with thewith the Native Native AmericansAmericans

Government of Government of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

Government of Government of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

Representative assembly elected by landowners.

No tax-supported church.

Freedom of worship guaranteed to all.

Death penalty only for treason & murder.

Compared to 200 capital crimes in England!

Pennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian Society

Attracted many different people

Religious misfits from other colonies.

Many different ethnic groups.

No provision for military defense.

No restrictions on immigration.

No slavery!!

“Blue Laws” [sumptuary laws] against stage plays, cards, dice, excessive hilarity, etc.

A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty, & religious freedom!!

A Quick ComparisonVirginia New England English Middle

Colonies

-Virginia Company established in 1608

--Colony is saved by export of tobacco (1612)

-First African slaves are brought to N. America (1619)

-Settlers clash with Powhatan tribe (1622)

-English Pilgrims establish colony at Plymouth (1620)

-English Puritans establish colony in Salem (1630)

-Roger Williams is Banished and founds colony in Providence (1635)

-Anne Hutchinson is banished for heresy (1638)

-Puritans clash with Native Americans in Pequot War (1637) and King Phillip’s War (1675)

-Dutch found colony of New Netherland (1621)

-English acquire New Netherland and rename it New York (1664)

-William Penn establishes colony of Pennsylvania (1681)

-By the mid-1700’s, there are 13 English colonies in North America

Other Colonization….Chapter three wrap-up

• Caribbean-

• Carolinas-

• Mississippi & Louisiana-

• New Mexico & Florida