I UDK 6329 YU ISSN 037-7166

INSTJTUT ZA lASTITU bLUA- BEOGRAD lNSTJTIJTE FOR PLANT PROTECTION - BEOGRAD

ZASTITA BILJA (PLANT PROTECTION)

VOL 40 (1) BROJ 187 1989 GOD

Za~tita bilja Vol 40 (1) Br 187 (str 1-104) Beo~rad 1989

Zaltita bilja Vol 40 (1) Br 187 (str 1-104) Beo~d 1989

CONTENTS

Original sden middottific papers

Ju ian Chun and A Moric Effect of ClOJ) rotation date of aowlnq mine(al fertilisat4on and nlant JJOTgtUiation on the oecurence of Scfrwotinilaquo oot and basal rot of sun-Dower bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 15-16

M A1$enietM and B KostiC Baderial spot on the ear of Wheat bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 28

1 Mcreek ul1d J Zgut Sensitivitl1t der Isolate von Phomop11ts viticoLa Saec den Errecer oer Schwarzfleckenkrankheit der Weinrebe gegeniber einlngltgtn Fungishyziden bull bull bull bull bullbull 33

D KoradZic The meclumlsm of some fungal Infections of the needles ot Austnal J)ifle and SCOfh pi bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull td

Bcdd Fusadum 0311tP07Utn f sp SJ]aouoU as cause of 1usarium wilt of snap belns and beans In Yuaoslavla bull bull bull 54-33

C Sidor Contribullbution to the inveslliJ~ation of lnfectdon of the larvae oi eu-roshyoean pine sawely (Neodtpricm serl~fw) in different inatars re~ar-clinJ to their insect parasites bull bull bull 66

D SirrN1H-Toli45 llf Vukoui~ and Af ARift A ilOntllbutJon to the studY ot ladybu~ Dredators of plant lice (CocdMIampidGe ColeopteTG) bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 12

B ManolGIIgt~ Possibility of chemical control of sail midges Vakeulotphaira titishytoliae FUch (Homoptera PhlHouridce) on a merican umiddotacevine 88-87

Profesional papers

M Mihaliletli~ and M Muttt4nol4middotCHClcoviC The results obtained until now in the inv~tiuttom ot Phomopsis (DiflS)OrtM) IHIII4Rthi of sunftovenl I Estimate ot disease tensity and inoculation methods bull 99-100

Zaltita bilja Vol 40 (1) Br 187 (str 1-104) Beo~d 1989

CONTENTS

Original sden middottific papers

Ju ian Chun and A Moric Effect of ClOJ) rotation date of aowlnq mine(al fertilisat4on and nlant JJOTgtUiation on the oecurence of Scfrwotinilaquo oot and basal rot of sun-Dower bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 15-16

M A1$enietM and B KostiC Baderial spot on the ear of Wheat bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 28

1 Mcreek ul1d J Zgut Sensitivitl1t der Isolate von Phomop11ts viticoLa Saec den Errecer oer Schwarzfleckenkrankheit der Weinrebe gegeniber einlngltgtn Fungishyziden bull bull bull bull bullbull 33

D KoradZic The meclumlsm of some fungal Infections of the needles ot Austnal J)ifle and SCOfh pi bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull td

Bcdd Fusadum 0311tP07Utn f sp SJ]aouoU as cause of 1usarium wilt of snap belns and beans In Yuaoslavla bull bull bull 54-33

C Sidor Contribullbution to the inveslliJ~ation of lnfectdon of the larvae oi eu-roshyoean pine sawely (Neodtpricm serl~fw) in different inatars re~ar-clinJ to their insect parasites bull bull bull 66

D SirrN1H-Toli45 llf Vukoui~ and Af ARift A ilOntllbutJon to the studY ot ladybu~ Dredators of plant lice (CocdMIampidGe ColeopteTG) bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 12

B ManolGIIgt~ Possibility of chemical control of sail midges Vakeulotphaira titishytoliae FUch (Homoptera PhlHouridce) on a merican umiddotacevine 88-87

Profesional papers

M Mihaliletli~ and M Muttt4nol4middotCHClcoviC The results obtained until now in the inv~tiuttom ot Phomopsis (DiflS)OrtM) IHIII4Rthi of sunftovenl I Estimate ot disease tensity and inoculation methods bull 99-100

15 Za~tita bilia Vol 40 (1) br 187 5-16 (1989) Beograd

Kohen k ova KG Po 1 j a k o v PV (1969) Vlijanie udobrenii na porazaeshymost poclsolne~nika beloj gnilju NauC Trudy tambov gos obl s-hoz opit st 1969 (1) 101-103

M a r i ~ A Camp rag D M as i r e vi c S (1988) Bolestl i ~tetoCinc suncoshykreta i njihovo suzbijanje Nolit Beograd

M er rim an PR (1976) Survival of sclerotia of Scleroti11ia sclerotiorum in soil Soil Blol Bioch 8(5) 385-389

Nisi k ado Y Hirata K (1937) Studies on the longevity opound sclerotia of cershytain fungi under controlled envLronmental factors Ber Onata inst 7 (4) 33J -547

Peri~ i c M (1950) Prilog poznavanju parazitne mikroflore u NR Sh~veniji u 1948 godini Za~tita bilja 2 69-73 middot

Po 1 j a k o v middot PV (1972) Belaja gnil podsolneenika - vozbuditel Sclerotimlt scleshyTOtioTUm Mikologija i filttopatologija 6 264-266

Schmid t HH (1970) Untersuchungen tiber die Lebensdauer detmiddot Sclerolien von Sclerotinia aclerotiortun im Boden unter dem Einfluss v~rschidener Pflanzenshyarten udd nach Infektion mit Coniothyrium minitans Arch Pfl Schutz 6 321-334

Schwartz HF S tea dm an JR (1978) Factors affecting sclerotinm popushylations of and apothecium production by SdeTotinia sclerotiomiddotmm Phytoshypathology 68 383-388

Spits in VP Kohen Ito v a KG (1976) Pamiddottogenie svojstva sklerociev beloi gnill v zavisimosti ot dHetelnosti prebivania i glubini zadelkov ih v poltve Sb nauc rab Nil S Kh Tsbr - cernoz polosi 11 (3) 104-108

V or os J (1983) Mezogazdasagi talajo k tokozgtdo biologiai szennveta dese ScleshyTotiorum Agrokemia es Talajtan 32 (3- t) 426-429)

Willi a ms G H Westemiddotrn J H (1965) Tmiddoth biology of Sclcrotinid trijolioshyntm and ather species of sclerotium - forming fungi The survival or scleshyrotia in son Ann Appl Biol 56 261-268

(Primljeno 23 11 19S8)

EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION DATE OF SOWING MINERAL FERTILISATION AND PLANT POPULATION ON THE OCCURENCE

OF SCLEROTINIA ROOT AND BASAL ROT OF SUNFLOWER

by

Ju Fan Chun and A Marie Faculty of Agriculture Novi Sad

Summary

Sclerotinia root and basal rot is one of the most important disease of sunflower in the country It appears every year causing great damages in Vojvodina the main producing area of this crop in Yugoslavia

The effect of dHfere-at agrotechnical measures related to the occurrence of the disease has been studied during the two years period in microtrials on the Experimental Station R Sancevi and on commercial iields of two agricultural estates in Vojvodina

111 Zatita bilja Vol 40 (1) br 187 5 - 16 (1989) Beogr-ad

In order to study inoculum potential of the fun~us 10-20 sam ples of soil (5 k~ from 0-20 em of soil depth) have been taken fimiddotom 15 commercial fields (30-50 ha) planned to be sown middot With sunflower By washi~1g the soH with tap ater through a sieve (with the holes diameter of 1 mm) sclerotia were separatd and its viability on artifical media was tested The number of diseased plants was stated on the end of sunflower vegetation

middot Sclerotia of the fungus have been found in the soil of all invstigated fields (tab 1) Most of them germinated on the PDA T he highest popushylation of sclerotia and heaviest of the d4sease middot was stated on a field where soyabeenmiddot was proceed crop and on another field with two years crop rotation There was no correlation between sclerotia population and intensity of disease attack Sclerotia were present on the three fields where susceptible plants have not been grown for more than 10 years The occunence of the disease on such fields was of a moderate intcmshysity Simillr results have been obtained in a microtrial with two and five years crop rotation (tab 2)

The effect of sowin~ time on the disease development was studied in microtrials with 9 treatments in 1985 and in 12 treatments in 1986 The number of diseased plants was stated every 7 days The obtained results show that the first symptoms of middotthe disease (wUtine of plants) appear in butonisation more often in the beginin~ of flowerine of plan ts The occurronce of the clisease increased durin~ the later period of ve~etashytion The intensity of the disease attack wasmiddotmuch higher on croPs sown during April and May in comparison to sunflower which was sown later This regulltl be explained by frequent rains and more ptmiddoteoipitation during the first half of vegetation of earlier sown crops (Tab 3)

The effect of different quantities of nitrogen phosphorus a nd potasshysium on the disease development was also studied in m icrotnials durin~ the two yean~ period (gr 12) By inceasin~ of these nutrients especially nitrogen the occunmiddotance of disease lin the first year of investigation inshycreased (1985) but no significant diferences have been found in the next years disease attack (1986) However in another lone tem1 micmtial (20 years) with two year-crop rotation the middotoccurence of the disease was much higher on fertilised (50 k_g of nitrogen phosphorus an POtassium per ha) compared to nonfertHised plot (~r 3)

There were no significant differences m the occurrence of the djse~ ase in the two years microtrlals wheremiddot different middot spacing of sunflower plants was studied (tab 4)

26 Za~tita bilja Vol 40 (1) br 187 17-26 (19SIJ) Beograd

BACTERIAL SPOT ON THE EAR OF WHEAT

by

M Arsenijevtc and B Kostf~

Facul-ty of Agriculture lnstitute for Plant Protectdon and Institute for field and vegetable crops Novf Sad

Summary

During 1987 and 1988 from the dimiddotseased ea~r of wheat the bacterial strains of white coular were isolated The isol-ates investi~ated caused the strong necrotic process of wheat tissues after attifical inoculation into the top leaf sheath by sytlinge using bacterial suspension 107 cellsml

Theilr pathogenic propel1ties were proved on peach shorts green cherry pear lemon paprika and tomato fruits as well as on bean pods (tab 1)

AU isolates were ~ negative n-on~sporulating motile rods with polar flagella On NA medium produced circulax entire whibish g1isshytenmg colonies On NAS medilum the colonrles are wbite large domed mucoid circular and ~listendng

The cultwres metabolized glucose oxidatively produced a green fluorescent pigment levan and catalase Lnduce hypersensiltive reaction m middottabacoo oxid~e ar~ntne dihydrol~se and potato middotrot were negashytive (tSibl 1)

On the basis of the pathogenicity cultur-al and biochemical cbashymiddotracteristics the mvestigaJted bacterium is identified as a membr of the Pseudomonas syringae group namely P s pv syringae van Hall Isoshylates Ps-4 alld Ps-6 have been deposited 1n the International Colshylection of Mioro-organisms flIOin Plants Plant Diseases Diwion DSIR Auckland New Zeland

Zastitn bilja VoJ 40 (1) br 187 27--33 (1939) Boograd 33

SENSITIVITAT DER ISOLATE VON PHOMOPSIS VITICOLtl SACC DEM ERREGER DER SCHWARZFLECKENKRANKHEIf

DER WEINREBE GEGENOBER EINIGEN FUNGIZIDEN

von

J Macek und J Zgur Biotechnische fakuLtiit Ljubljana

Z u samm en fass u ng

In Slowenien I Jugos1awien ist die Schwarzfleckenkrankheit der Weinrebe im siidwestlichen Weinbaugebiet stark verbreitet In der vorshyliegenden Arbeit wurde die Variabilitat und die Empfindlichkeit des Ershyregers dieser Krankheit Phomopsis viticala Sacc gegenuber eini~en Fun giziden an 13 Isolaten von 6 Sorten und aus 8 Ortschaften der Vipavska dolina (Vipava-Tal) untersucht

Der Pilz wuchs von 5 untersuchen Nahrmedien an besten auf dem Substrat vQn Das Gupta und auf der Mischung des Kartoffelextrakts mit dem letzt erwahnten Nahrmedium

Eingehend wurde die VariabilWit der Isolate untersucht und variashytidnsstatisch bearbeitet Anhand dieser Bearbeitung wulden die Isolate in zwei Gruppen eingestuft in schnell und langsam wachsende Von den 5 VariabilWitsquellen (1 Isolate 2 Wachstumszeit 3 Isolate x Wachstshyumszeit 4 Petrischalen innerhalb der Isolate und 5 (Petrischalen x Zeit) innerhalb der Isolate) war die grosste Variabilitatskomponente W14chstshyumszeit danach folgen Isolate Isolate x Wachstumszeit die geringste VariabiliUit zeigten (Petrischalen x Wacbstumszeit) innerhalb der Isolamiddot te und Petrischalen innerhalb der Isolate Das bezeu~t class der Experishymentalfehler in den Befunden gering ist

Anhand der Senstivitatsuntersuchungen wurden Isolate in 2 Grupshypen eingestuft wenig und mehr empfindlich~ Es scheint class die SensishytivWit der Isolate nicht von der Wirtssorte abhangt Zwischen den langsshyamwachsenden und mehrmiddot empfindlichen Isolaten besteht eine Beziehung Von 8 langsamwachsenden IsQlaten sind 6 mehr sensitiv

Von den 6 untersuchten Fun~imden (in praxisublgticher Formuliershyung) in Konz von 01 b1s 1000 ppm wirkte am besten BenQmyl clanach folgten Mancozeb Thiophanet-Methyl und Captan Relativ schlecht wirkmiddot te NetZ~Schwefel In der Konz 1000 -ppm wirkte Kupfersulfat kaum

46 Za~tita bilja Vol 40 (1) br 187 35-46 (1989) Beograd

THE MECHANISM OF SOME FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF THE NEEDLES OF AUSTRIAN PINE AND SCOTH PINE

by

D Karadll~

Faculty of Foresbry Beograd

Summamiddotry

The paper presents the results of the research of figural infection mechanisms of Dothistroma septospora Cyclaneusma minus Lophodershymium seditiosum and Sphaeropsis sapinea These fun~ have shown diishyfeletllt modes of needte penetrafioo

The greatest nutnber of D septospora ooniidia germinates after 48 hours (ilndilvidual oonidia Sl1ar1t germinating already after 8 hnus) by forming 1-3 germ tubes Most frequently 3 genn tubes are formed two at the ends and IOlle in the centre Most of ltthe gemn tubes develop in the clirectiltm of stomata Apmiddotpressomiddotria-l~e structures are 1then formed m the stometa The Wecoon hypha starrts from the centre of these appressoria-like structures md pemeilrates the guard cells then occupies the mesophyll Edght days after the inoculation numerous secondary conidia aTe also formed on the sur face of bullthe needles Within the mesoshyphyll middotthe mycelirum middotpenetrates ooth inter and intra cells occupydlng even the -endoderm and resin canals Germ tubes have never been observed only in the v~lar tissue middotof othe rneedles Tmiddothe ffust sympooms onmiddot the inoculated needles in the control1ed oonditions occur after 6-8 months while the first fruotificafuns ocour after 35-45 month

Asoospores of Cyclaneusma minus germ~nate and form 2-4 gampm tubes The germ wbes -penetrate the SltomaJta without the previous forshyma11ion of appressoria-1ike structures

Asoospores of Lophodermium seditiosum germinate into a short germ tube at the end of which an appressorium-liike structure lis formed The germ tubes middotstart from the centre of 1lhe apprEISlSorium and penetrate directly ~rough the cuticle and the walls of epidermal cells middot The conidia of Sphaeropsis sapinea smart gernrinatiJlg already after one hOUJr llllld process of germination is almost fully 1terminated after 6 hours The germ tubes penebrate either through the bark of young shoots or through the needles Before needle penetration the agwegashytilons of hyphae axe f-ormed on the surface and then the germ tubes penetrate dnto the stomata Within the stomata the hyphae are first stoshyred atid then they penetlratte through he guard cells -ino the mesophyll ~om ther-e they are further distributed both inter and intra cells

54 Zatita bilja Vol 40 (1) br 187 47-55 (1989) B~rad

Optimalna temperatura za razvoj gljive jc 2sbullc Najveci broj ispitivanih sorata boranije i pasulja ispoljile su osetshy

ljivu odnOsno sregt~dnje osetljivu reakciju prema F oxysporum f sp phaeshyseoli

Ll TERATURA

Armstrong GM and Armst ro ng JK (1963) Fusarium wilt of betn in South Carolina and some host relations of the bean Fusarium Pl Dis Rep 47 1088-1091

B a 1a Z F (1986 Uticaj nekih agroekolosectldh faktora na razvoj trulampi korena boshyranije Zbornik sa Jugoelovenskog Simpozl ja o intenzivnoj proizvodnji povrtn za zdravu isbranu Split 141-146

Be r n a r do A Fa b r i z i o M Astolo Z C a r m l n e N (1983 La trashycheofusariosi del fagiolo in Italia Informatore Fitopatologico 11 83 63-66

Cruz BPB Teraniskl I Issa E Bernardi JB Arruda HV (1974) Resistancla de cultivares de feyao-vagem a murcha de Fusarium o Biologlco 52 25-32

J as n i c S M a r l c A (1977 Moguenosti hemijskog suzbijanja trul~i koreshyna (Fusarium spp i Rhizoct011i4 sol4ni) i utlcaj Treflana na osetljiv06t sornta boranlje prema ovom obolenju VIII Jugoslovensko Savetovanle o primenl pesticlda u zatltl bilja 497-504

Kendrick J B and S n y de t WC (1942) Fusarium yellows of beans Physhy1opathology 32 101~1014

R au 1 de LD Rib e r o and Hag e de r n DJ (1979) Screening for resistnshynce to and pathogenic speclallzation of tusarium oxysporum f sp phaseoli middot the causal agent of bean yellows Am Phytopat Soc Vol 69 No 3 272-276

(Primljeno 5 01 1989)

FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM FSPPHASEOU AS CAUSE OF FUSARIUM WILT OF SNAP BEANS AND BEANS IN YUGOSLAVIA

by

F Balaf Faculty of Agriculture Novi Sad

Summary

The results of our investigation showed that the fungus isolated from the stems of typically withered samles of snap beans and beans is a species of Fusarium oxysporum fspphaseoli K end r i k and S n yshyd er

The symptoms obsetmiddotved in field have been reproduced in the conshyditions of inoculation The symptoms of the disease are a retarded growth chlorosis the necrosis of vascular tissue leaf druyin_g and shedding and the necrosis of rcots and stems The infected plants in variably perish

54 Zatita bilja Vol 40 (1) br 187 47-55 (1989) B~rad

Optimalna temperatura za razvoj gljive jc 2sbullc Najveci broj ispitivanih sorata boranije i pasulja ispoljile su osetshy

ljivu odnOsno sregt~dnje osetljivu reakciju prema F oxysporum f sp phaeshyseoli

Ll TERATURA

Armstrong GM and Armst ro ng JK (1963) Fusarium wilt of betn in South Carolina and some host relations of the bean Fusarium Pl Dis Rep 47 1088-1091

B a 1a Z F (1986 Uticaj nekih agroekolosectldh faktora na razvoj trulampi korena boshyranije Zbornik sa Jugoelovenskog Simpozl ja o intenzivnoj proizvodnji povrtn za zdravu isbranu Split 141-146

Be r n a r do A Fa b r i z i o M Astolo Z C a r m l n e N (1983 La trashycheofusariosi del fagiolo in Italia Informatore Fitopatologico 11 83 63-66

Cruz BPB Teraniskl I Issa E Bernardi JB Arruda HV (1974) Resistancla de cultivares de feyao-vagem a murcha de Fusarium o Biologlco 52 25-32

J as n i c S M a r l c A (1977 Moguenosti hemijskog suzbijanja trul~i koreshyna (Fusarium spp i Rhizoct011i4 sol4ni) i utlcaj Treflana na osetljiv06t sornta boranlje prema ovom obolenju VIII Jugoslovensko Savetovanle o primenl pesticlda u zatltl bilja 497-504

Kendrick J B and S n y de t WC (1942) Fusarium yellows of beans Physhy1opathology 32 101~1014

R au 1 de LD Rib e r o and Hag e de r n DJ (1979) Screening for resistnshynce to and pathogenic speclallzation of tusarium oxysporum f sp phaseoli middot the causal agent of bean yellows Am Phytopat Soc Vol 69 No 3 272-276

(Primljeno 5 01 1989)

FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM FSPPHASEOU AS CAUSE OF FUSARIUM WILT OF SNAP BEANS AND BEANS IN YUGOSLAVIA

by

F Balaf Faculty of Agriculture Novi Sad

Summary

The results of our investigation showed that the fungus isolated from the stems of typically withered samles of snap beans and beans is a species of Fusarium oxysporum fspphaseoli K end r i k and S n yshyd er

The symptoms obsetmiddotved in field have been reproduced in the conshyditions of inoculation The symptoms of the disease are a retarded growth chlorosis the necrosis of vascular tissue leaf druyin_g and shedding and the necrosis of rcots and stems The infected plants in variably perish

55 Zastita bilja Vol 40 (1) br 187 47-55 (1989) Beograd

The fungus forms an aboundent colony with pale pink aerial miceshylia The dimensions of the micro and macroconidia are 75 x 28 nm and 335 x 40 nm respectively and of the chlamidospores 62 x 85 nm

The fungus develops best on the synthetic acid medium The develshyopment is poorest on the onion medium The optimum temperature for the development of the fungus is 25degC

The largest number of the investigated snap beans and beans varishyeties demonstrated sensitive to medium sensitive reaction to F oxysposhyrum fspphaseoli

66 Zastita bilia Vol 40 (1) br 187 57-66 (1989) Beograd

Sidor C Dzingov A Se1middotafimovski A (1987) Suzbljanje paguseshynica ridje borove ose (Neodiprion serttjef Geoifr) virusima u SR Makedonimiddot ji Glasnik zastite bilia 12 430-433

Vas i c K Z i v o j in o vi~ D (1969) Prilog poznavanju parazita predatra i bolesti ridje borove zolje (Neodiprion sertijef) i njihove redukcione uloge na Deliblatskom pesku Jug polj secturn centar Beograd br 64 Zbornik radoshyva I Del pesak 259-272

2 1 v o j l nov i i ~ D (1969) Ridja borova zolja (Neodiprlon sertifef) u SR Srbljl Jug polj sum centar 661-112 Beograd

(Primteno 5 01 1989)

CONTRIBUfiON TO THE INVESTIGATION OF INFECTION OF THE LARVAE OF EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (NEODIPRION SERTIFER)

IN DIFFERENT INSTARS REGARDING TO THEIR INSECT PARASITES

by

C Sidor Pasteur Institute Novi Sad

Summary

Using specific nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Baculovirus) alainst youn- middot ger larvae of Neodiprion sertifer a high mortality even over 90 is achivshyed depending of the intensity of the feeding of the larvae and doses of the virus consumed But with infection the older larvae the total mortashylities are less because a part of the larvae stop to feed and does not con~ sume lethal dooes of the virus and they spinned cocoons

In laboratory conditions when larvae middotof N sertifer of the fourth and older instars were fed with the virus concentration about 106 polml ~909 to 5638 of the mortality were obtained

The data presented in table 1 and 2 shows that the most survived larvae which Spinned cocoons were among earlier in forest collected and with virus infected larvae More than 71 male were eclosed from thes-e coooons Later infection when the larvae were older percents of the dyshying were bigger and spinning cocoons relatively smaller a nd from these cocoons eclosed more female what shows taht at the time of infection the male larvae finished with feeding and avoid infection

From a part -of the spinned cocoons in the same year does not eclosshyed the imagoes From such closed cocoons in the next spring eclosed the parasites LafiUIchus eques and Lop~yroplectus luteator The second parashysite was were more frequent The data also shows that percents of the ec- looed insect parasites were bigger in the cases when the time of the colshylecting N sertifer larvae in forest were later It was statement that the same number (500) dead larvae and spinned cocoons were most lighter in case of the most earlier collected larvae in forest All the gained data shows that we were dealin~ with the larvae of different sexes dependshying of the time of their oollectln~ in forest ~t Deliblato Sand

i2 ZaMita billa Vol 40 1 br 187 67 -72 1989) Beograd

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF LADYBUGS PREDATORS OF PLANT LICE

(COCCINELLIDAE COLEOPTERA)

by

Dwka Slmova-Tosic M Vukovfc and Marina Antle Faculty ltgtf Agriculture Beltgtgrad - Zemun

Summary

In the period from 1984 to 1986 there were observed in different localities of Serbia as predators of plant lice the following species of ladybugs CoccineUa septempunctata L PropyLaea quatuordecimpunctata (L) Syncharmonia conglobata (L) Adalia bipunctata (L) Adonia varieshygata Goeze) Hipodamia tredecimpunctata (L) and Micraspis sedecimpunshyctata (L) The moot frequently reared species were C septempunctata A bipunctata and Syncharmonia conglobata Other species were obtained in individual sampl~ There were studied the biolo14y and the intensity of feeding under laboratory conditions of S conglobata The initial poshypulation was obtained from the colony of E-ucallipterus tilliae which developed on lima tree leaves of the alleys of New Belgrade On a leaf of lime tree were found up to ten imagos o-I S conglobata Two treatments were practised in rearing the larvae mLxed regime of feeding and feshyeding on a single species Qf prey In the experiment were utilized folshylowing species of prey Eucallipterus tilliae Hyalpoterus pruni Brachyshycaudus helichrysi Betulaphis quadrimaculata and Macrosiphum rosae With the mixed feeding regime a laTVa eats in the course of its life which lasts 105 days on an average 161 lice of Llbull ciegree and vith the diferentiated alimentation 261 lice Differentiated feeding did not exert an essential influence on the length of the larval development and of the pupal stage

7~tita bilja Vol ~ (1 br 137 73-87 (1989) Beograd

Litvinltgtv P 1985) The complex protection of nurseries of stock varietes ot ~apes from the leaf phylloxera and weeds - Vestnlk Selskohozyadstvenoi Nauki 3 61-72

M e 1n i k ova R G U khanova A A (1978) Control of Phvlloxera ln the Otim - Zaschiita Rastenii 8 (24) 48-49

Mordovieh Y B Charnel L B (1979) Deslnfestation of viale plantin~t material - Zaschita Rastenii 11 (44) 171-176

Ram m n e r A I (1980) Field studies with carbofulall for oontrol of the root form of the grape phylioxera ~ J Econ Entomol 73 (2) 327-330

S t e v en son A B (1966) Seasonal develOpment of foliage dnrestation of grapes middotin Ontario by PhyUoxera vitioliae (Fitoh) (Hompotera PhyUoxeridae) shyCan Entxgtmol 9S 979-987

Tan as i j e vi ( N S i m ov a-To sect i ( D (1985) Posebna entomologija Knji shyga II st 181-182 Beo~118d

V ega E (1980) Chemical control of the vine phylloxera - Rev Apl Entomiddot mol 3 1301

W i 11 i am IS R N (1979) Foliar and subsurfa-ce lmiddotnseebioldial applieations to control aeriaJ form of the grape phylloxera - J Eron Entomot 72 (3) 407-410

(Primleno 20 12 1988)

POSSIBILITY OF CHEMICAL CONTROL OF GALL MIDGES DAKTULOSPHAIRA VITIFOLIAE FITCH (HOMOPTERA

PHYLLOXERIDAE) ON AMERCAN GRAPEVINE

by

B Manojlovl~

In~titute for Plant Protection Beo~rad

Summary

The results of two-year invest~cruons middotrelating to the intensity of inrestatkm and population density of gall midges Daktulosphaira vitishyfoliae Fitch dJuring the vegetation periltgtd are reviewed in this paper alon~ with the ~ta on the efficiency of several insecticides used in order to control them middoton American ~apevme

The investiJations waremiddotcarried out within the soope of microirials set up in the nunseri~ of the American grupe clone Kober 5BB in 1987 and 1988 Each of the nine inseoticides were used to treat areas covering 150 m2bull Spraying was applied to the soil vines shoots and leaves forshymed up to that moment The area of the same size ~remained untreated and served as conrtroa The intensity of phyllo~era attack and the efshyficiency of rthe ~nsectiddes were assessed 21 42 63 84 and 105 days after tleatment by countling the galls on the apical leaves

The resuts have shown that the intensity of infection and the poshypulation densiity ltgtf gall midges of phyUoxera on the American grape clone Kober SBB were uneven iln different generations and in different experimental years Generally speaki~ the attack by phylloxera was considerably more severe in 1987 than iJn 1988 In both years the popushylation grew dunilng June and July and reduced by the end of AIU~ampt The most ilntensive infeotion middotbY D vitifoliae under Yugoslav condbullitions

66 Zastita bilia Vol 40 (1) br 187 57-66 (1989) Beograd

Sidor C Dzingov A Se1middotafimovski A (1987) Suzbljanje paguseshynica ridje borove ose (Neodiprion serttjef Geoifr) virusima u SR Makedonimiddot ji Glasnik zastite bilia 12 430-433

Vas i c K Z i v o j in o vi~ D (1969) Prilog poznavanju parazita predatra i bolesti ridje borove zolje (Neodiprion sertijef) i njihove redukcione uloge na Deliblatskom pesku Jug polj secturn centar Beograd br 64 Zbornik radoshyva I Del pesak 259-272

2 1 v o j l nov i i ~ D (1969) Ridja borova zolja (Neodiprlon sertifef) u SR Srbljl Jug polj sum centar 661-112 Beograd

(Primteno 5 01 1989)

CONTRIBUfiON TO THE INVESTIGATION OF INFECTION OF THE LARVAE OF EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (NEODIPRION SERTIFER)

IN DIFFERENT INSTARS REGARDING TO THEIR INSECT PARASITES

by

C Sidor Pasteur Institute Novi Sad

Summary

Using specific nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Baculovirus) alainst youn- middot ger larvae of Neodiprion sertifer a high mortality even over 90 is achivshyed depending of the intensity of the feeding of the larvae and doses of the virus consumed But with infection the older larvae the total mortashylities are less because a part of the larvae stop to feed and does not con~ sume lethal dooes of the virus and they spinned cocoons

In laboratory conditions when larvae middotof N sertifer of the fourth and older instars were fed with the virus concentration about 106 polml ~909 to 5638 of the mortality were obtained

The data presented in table 1 and 2 shows that the most survived larvae which Spinned cocoons were among earlier in forest collected and with virus infected larvae More than 71 male were eclosed from thes-e coooons Later infection when the larvae were older percents of the dyshying were bigger and spinning cocoons relatively smaller a nd from these cocoons eclosed more female what shows taht at the time of infection the male larvae finished with feeding and avoid infection

From a part -of the spinned cocoons in the same year does not eclosshyed the imagoes From such closed cocoons in the next spring eclosed the parasites LafiUIchus eques and Lop~yroplectus luteator The second parashysite was were more frequent The data also shows that percents of the ec- looed insect parasites were bigger in the cases when the time of the colshylecting N sertifer larvae in forest were later It was statement that the same number (500) dead larvae and spinned cocoons were most lighter in case of the most earlier collected larvae in forest All the gained data shows that we were dealin~ with the larvae of different sexes dependshying of the time of their oollectln~ in forest ~t Deliblato Sand

i2 ZaMita billa Vol 40 1 br 187 67 -72 1989) Beograd

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF LADYBUGS PREDATORS OF PLANT LICE

(COCCINELLIDAE COLEOPTERA)

by

Dwka Slmova-Tosic M Vukovfc and Marina Antle Faculty ltgtf Agriculture Beltgtgrad - Zemun

Summary

In the period from 1984 to 1986 there were observed in different localities of Serbia as predators of plant lice the following species of ladybugs CoccineUa septempunctata L PropyLaea quatuordecimpunctata (L) Syncharmonia conglobata (L) Adalia bipunctata (L) Adonia varieshygata Goeze) Hipodamia tredecimpunctata (L) and Micraspis sedecimpunshyctata (L) The moot frequently reared species were C septempunctata A bipunctata and Syncharmonia conglobata Other species were obtained in individual sampl~ There were studied the biolo14y and the intensity of feeding under laboratory conditions of S conglobata The initial poshypulation was obtained from the colony of E-ucallipterus tilliae which developed on lima tree leaves of the alleys of New Belgrade On a leaf of lime tree were found up to ten imagos o-I S conglobata Two treatments were practised in rearing the larvae mLxed regime of feeding and feshyeding on a single species Qf prey In the experiment were utilized folshylowing species of prey Eucallipterus tilliae Hyalpoterus pruni Brachyshycaudus helichrysi Betulaphis quadrimaculata and Macrosiphum rosae With the mixed feeding regime a laTVa eats in the course of its life which lasts 105 days on an average 161 lice of Llbull ciegree and vith the diferentiated alimentation 261 lice Differentiated feeding did not exert an essential influence on the length of the larval development and of the pupal stage

7~tita bilja Vol ~ (1 br 137 73-87 (1989) Beograd

Litvinltgtv P 1985) The complex protection of nurseries of stock varietes ot ~apes from the leaf phylloxera and weeds - Vestnlk Selskohozyadstvenoi Nauki 3 61-72

M e 1n i k ova R G U khanova A A (1978) Control of Phvlloxera ln the Otim - Zaschiita Rastenii 8 (24) 48-49

Mordovieh Y B Charnel L B (1979) Deslnfestation of viale plantin~t material - Zaschita Rastenii 11 (44) 171-176

Ram m n e r A I (1980) Field studies with carbofulall for oontrol of the root form of the grape phylioxera ~ J Econ Entomol 73 (2) 327-330

S t e v en son A B (1966) Seasonal develOpment of foliage dnrestation of grapes middotin Ontario by PhyUoxera vitioliae (Fitoh) (Hompotera PhyUoxeridae) shyCan Entxgtmol 9S 979-987

Tan as i j e vi ( N S i m ov a-To sect i ( D (1985) Posebna entomologija Knji shyga II st 181-182 Beo~118d

V ega E (1980) Chemical control of the vine phylloxera - Rev Apl Entomiddot mol 3 1301

W i 11 i am IS R N (1979) Foliar and subsurfa-ce lmiddotnseebioldial applieations to control aeriaJ form of the grape phylloxera - J Eron Entomot 72 (3) 407-410

(Primleno 20 12 1988)

POSSIBILITY OF CHEMICAL CONTROL OF GALL MIDGES DAKTULOSPHAIRA VITIFOLIAE FITCH (HOMOPTERA

PHYLLOXERIDAE) ON AMERCAN GRAPEVINE

by

B Manojlovl~

In~titute for Plant Protection Beo~rad

Summary

The results of two-year invest~cruons middotrelating to the intensity of inrestatkm and population density of gall midges Daktulosphaira vitishyfoliae Fitch dJuring the vegetation periltgtd are reviewed in this paper alon~ with the ~ta on the efficiency of several insecticides used in order to control them middoton American ~apevme

The investiJations waremiddotcarried out within the soope of microirials set up in the nunseri~ of the American grupe clone Kober 5BB in 1987 and 1988 Each of the nine inseoticides were used to treat areas covering 150 m2bull Spraying was applied to the soil vines shoots and leaves forshymed up to that moment The area of the same size ~remained untreated and served as conrtroa The intensity of phyllo~era attack and the efshyficiency of rthe ~nsectiddes were assessed 21 42 63 84 and 105 days after tleatment by countling the galls on the apical leaves

The resuts have shown that the intensity of infection and the poshypulation densiity ltgtf gall midges of phyUoxera on the American grape clone Kober SBB were uneven iln different generations and in different experimental years Generally speaki~ the attack by phylloxera was considerably more severe in 1987 than iJn 1988 In both years the popushylation grew dunilng June and July and reduced by the end of AIU~ampt The most ilntensive infeotion middotbY D vitifoliae under Yugoslav condbullitions

i2 ZaMita billa Vol 40 1 br 187 67 -72 1989) Beograd

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF LADYBUGS PREDATORS OF PLANT LICE

(COCCINELLIDAE COLEOPTERA)

by

Dwka Slmova-Tosic M Vukovfc and Marina Antle Faculty ltgtf Agriculture Beltgtgrad - Zemun

Summary

In the period from 1984 to 1986 there were observed in different localities of Serbia as predators of plant lice the following species of ladybugs CoccineUa septempunctata L PropyLaea quatuordecimpunctata (L) Syncharmonia conglobata (L) Adalia bipunctata (L) Adonia varieshygata Goeze) Hipodamia tredecimpunctata (L) and Micraspis sedecimpunshyctata (L) The moot frequently reared species were C septempunctata A bipunctata and Syncharmonia conglobata Other species were obtained in individual sampl~ There were studied the biolo14y and the intensity of feeding under laboratory conditions of S conglobata The initial poshypulation was obtained from the colony of E-ucallipterus tilliae which developed on lima tree leaves of the alleys of New Belgrade On a leaf of lime tree were found up to ten imagos o-I S conglobata Two treatments were practised in rearing the larvae mLxed regime of feeding and feshyeding on a single species Qf prey In the experiment were utilized folshylowing species of prey Eucallipterus tilliae Hyalpoterus pruni Brachyshycaudus helichrysi Betulaphis quadrimaculata and Macrosiphum rosae With the mixed feeding regime a laTVa eats in the course of its life which lasts 105 days on an average 161 lice of Llbull ciegree and vith the diferentiated alimentation 261 lice Differentiated feeding did not exert an essential influence on the length of the larval development and of the pupal stage

7~tita bilja Vol ~ (1 br 137 73-87 (1989) Beograd

Litvinltgtv P 1985) The complex protection of nurseries of stock varietes ot ~apes from the leaf phylloxera and weeds - Vestnlk Selskohozyadstvenoi Nauki 3 61-72

M e 1n i k ova R G U khanova A A (1978) Control of Phvlloxera ln the Otim - Zaschiita Rastenii 8 (24) 48-49

Mordovieh Y B Charnel L B (1979) Deslnfestation of viale plantin~t material - Zaschita Rastenii 11 (44) 171-176

Ram m n e r A I (1980) Field studies with carbofulall for oontrol of the root form of the grape phylioxera ~ J Econ Entomol 73 (2) 327-330

S t e v en son A B (1966) Seasonal develOpment of foliage dnrestation of grapes middotin Ontario by PhyUoxera vitioliae (Fitoh) (Hompotera PhyUoxeridae) shyCan Entxgtmol 9S 979-987

Tan as i j e vi ( N S i m ov a-To sect i ( D (1985) Posebna entomologija Knji shyga II st 181-182 Beo~118d

V ega E (1980) Chemical control of the vine phylloxera - Rev Apl Entomiddot mol 3 1301

W i 11 i am IS R N (1979) Foliar and subsurfa-ce lmiddotnseebioldial applieations to control aeriaJ form of the grape phylloxera - J Eron Entomot 72 (3) 407-410

(Primleno 20 12 1988)

POSSIBILITY OF CHEMICAL CONTROL OF GALL MIDGES DAKTULOSPHAIRA VITIFOLIAE FITCH (HOMOPTERA

PHYLLOXERIDAE) ON AMERCAN GRAPEVINE

by

B Manojlovl~

In~titute for Plant Protection Beo~rad

Summary

The results of two-year invest~cruons middotrelating to the intensity of inrestatkm and population density of gall midges Daktulosphaira vitishyfoliae Fitch dJuring the vegetation periltgtd are reviewed in this paper alon~ with the ~ta on the efficiency of several insecticides used in order to control them middoton American ~apevme

The investiJations waremiddotcarried out within the soope of microirials set up in the nunseri~ of the American grupe clone Kober 5BB in 1987 and 1988 Each of the nine inseoticides were used to treat areas covering 150 m2bull Spraying was applied to the soil vines shoots and leaves forshymed up to that moment The area of the same size ~remained untreated and served as conrtroa The intensity of phyllo~era attack and the efshyficiency of rthe ~nsectiddes were assessed 21 42 63 84 and 105 days after tleatment by countling the galls on the apical leaves

The resuts have shown that the intensity of infection and the poshypulation densiity ltgtf gall midges of phyUoxera on the American grape clone Kober SBB were uneven iln different generations and in different experimental years Generally speaki~ the attack by phylloxera was considerably more severe in 1987 than iJn 1988 In both years the popushylation grew dunilng June and July and reduced by the end of AIU~ampt The most ilntensive infeotion middotbY D vitifoliae under Yugoslav condbullitions

7~tita bilja Vol ~ (1 br 137 73-87 (1989) Beograd

Litvinltgtv P 1985) The complex protection of nurseries of stock varietes ot ~apes from the leaf phylloxera and weeds - Vestnlk Selskohozyadstvenoi Nauki 3 61-72

M e 1n i k ova R G U khanova A A (1978) Control of Phvlloxera ln the Otim - Zaschiita Rastenii 8 (24) 48-49

Mordovieh Y B Charnel L B (1979) Deslnfestation of viale plantin~t material - Zaschita Rastenii 11 (44) 171-176

Ram m n e r A I (1980) Field studies with carbofulall for oontrol of the root form of the grape phylioxera ~ J Econ Entomol 73 (2) 327-330

S t e v en son A B (1966) Seasonal develOpment of foliage dnrestation of grapes middotin Ontario by PhyUoxera vitioliae (Fitoh) (Hompotera PhyUoxeridae) shyCan Entxgtmol 9S 979-987

Tan as i j e vi ( N S i m ov a-To sect i ( D (1985) Posebna entomologija Knji shyga II st 181-182 Beo~118d

V ega E (1980) Chemical control of the vine phylloxera - Rev Apl Entomiddot mol 3 1301

W i 11 i am IS R N (1979) Foliar and subsurfa-ce lmiddotnseebioldial applieations to control aeriaJ form of the grape phylloxera - J Eron Entomot 72 (3) 407-410

(Primleno 20 12 1988)

POSSIBILITY OF CHEMICAL CONTROL OF GALL MIDGES DAKTULOSPHAIRA VITIFOLIAE FITCH (HOMOPTERA

PHYLLOXERIDAE) ON AMERCAN GRAPEVINE

by

B Manojlovl~

In~titute for Plant Protection Beo~rad

Summary

The results of two-year invest~cruons middotrelating to the intensity of inrestatkm and population density of gall midges Daktulosphaira vitishyfoliae Fitch dJuring the vegetation periltgtd are reviewed in this paper alon~ with the ~ta on the efficiency of several insecticides used in order to control them middoton American ~apevme

The investiJations waremiddotcarried out within the soope of microirials set up in the nunseri~ of the American grupe clone Kober 5BB in 1987 and 1988 Each of the nine inseoticides were used to treat areas covering 150 m2bull Spraying was applied to the soil vines shoots and leaves forshymed up to that moment The area of the same size ~remained untreated and served as conrtroa The intensity of phyllo~era attack and the efshyficiency of rthe ~nsectiddes were assessed 21 42 63 84 and 105 days after tleatment by countling the galls on the apical leaves

The resuts have shown that the intensity of infection and the poshypulation densiity ltgtf gall midges of phyUoxera on the American grape clone Kober SBB were uneven iln different generations and in different experimental years Generally speaki~ the attack by phylloxera was considerably more severe in 1987 than iJn 1988 In both years the popushylation grew dunilng June and July and reduced by the end of AIU~ampt The most ilntensive infeotion middotbY D vitifoliae under Yugoslav condbullitions

87 Zn~tita bilja Vol 40 (1) hr 187 3--87 1989) Beograd

was recorded in the first d-ecade of August Thus on August 4 1987 there were 96 ltJf leaves attacked with 11614 galls per leaf on the average whereas on August 9 1988 the number of infected lea~ amounted to 83 with 2977 middotgalls per leapound on the average By inspecting the apical leavs on the American grapevin-e at the end of August it was concluded that the rate of phylloxera imfestatiml was reduced so that on Augu~ 25 1987 1there were 91 of infected l eaves w~th 7941 galls per leaf on the average amd on August 30 1988 the f~~ure amounshyted to 75 wth a considerably smaller number of galls p er leaf (1730 on the avera~e)

Of aU the insecticides tested Lindam 20-EC revealed a satisfactory middotefficiency in bOth years in the reducrtion of populattion density Qf gall midges D vitijoliae on the Amel1ican grape This insecticide completely protects the American grape against phylloxera middotduring the period lasshyting up to 6 weeks Its effdciency is alsto hgh 63 days after the applicashytion (8688 in 1987 and 9218 in 1988) After this period the efficishyency of Lindan is reduced as was the case in 1987 when the infeciioo by phylloxera was rather hi~h Lorzbaai 20-EC of which the active substance inv-olves llindan (158 g1) in additiron t1Jo cblorpyrifos is also a suitable insecticide agarinst leal galpound D vitifoliae since it protects safely the Ameriltan grapevine in the course of middotthree weeksJ The efficiency of this in~ectidide is also high 42 days after application (9721) A fteashywacr-ds the efficiency of Lorzban is r-educed and 84 days af~er application it amounts to 3403 and 105 days afte-r applioation to 2017 only middot

Other insecticides beSited in 1987 (Fenitrotkgtn 50middot-EC Reldan 2-E Chrom01middotel-d anrl Cymbooh-10) have shown an insufficient efficiency in the reductiltgtn of population density of leaf phylloxera galls on the American erape On the plants treated with the above insecticides 21 days after application the ~alls were present on the apical leaves Espeshycially insufficient efficiemiddotncy was 1levea1eld by Cymbush-10 shtce 21 days after applicatioo its efficiency amounted to 6243 and after 42 days to 1120 only Of these iJnsecticlldes Chvomorel-d showed ~eshywhat higper efficiency in the reduction of middotthe number of leaf phylloxera gals (9101 ~u after 21 days anP 5384 aiiter 42 days)

The expedmental resul~ have shown that in 1988 a samiddottisfactory de~ree of efficiency Ln reduction of the number middotOf gall midges D vitishyfoliae on the American grapevine three weeks after the application was characteristdc of Fa~ 10 EC and Ultracid 40-EC Farty-two days after applicatibullon the fltYlner sthll middothad a high efficiency (8101 ) though the efficirency of the 1atter was oonsiderably lower (6203 ) After this period the efficiency of the two ilnsecticides was reduced abruptly On the other hand Sumioidin EC-20 and Zolone liquride have revealed an insufticient efficiency since an middot1lhe American grape treated rby these insecticides t he ~alls were observed al-ready three weeks after the apshyplication

Single appl1cacbhon of any of the insecticides middottested is not suffidemt as to provide an optimum protectiion middotof the American grapevipe against the gall midges D vitifoliae and therefore it should be suggested that t~e treatment is to be repeated as soon as initial galls are noticed on the leaVeS after the f1rst application

99 ZaStita bilja Vol 40 (1) btmiddot 187 81) -100 (1989) Beograd

R us se 1 G E (1978) Plant breeding for pest and disease resistance Studies in the agrcultural and food Sciences Butherworts London-Boston 328

S c h j 11 in g E E He l s e r C B (1981) Intrageneric classification of HeHonthtu (Compositae) Taxon 30 (2) 393--403

S u L i Mar i c A M a~ ire vi c S (i985J lspitivanje epidemiologije Phomopsis sp (Diaporthe sp) na suncokretu ZaAtlta bilja br 174 354-370

Tour vie i 11 e D P e 11 e t i e r C (1988a) Jugement de 1a resistance du tourneshysol au Phomopsis sous tunnel en filet avec humectation controles lnf Tech CETIOM 103

Tour vie i 11 e D V e a r F P e 11 e ft i e r C (1988b) Use of two mycelium tests in breding sunflower resistant to Phomopsis Proc XII Int SunfL Cont Novi Sad Yugoslavia Vol II 110--114

V t ran y I F Send u 1a T Horvat Z Nemeth F (1988) A rapid test for evaluating resistance to sun11ower stem cancer caused by Diapurthe (Phomopsis) heUanthi Proc XII Int Sunfl Conf Novi Sad Yugoslavia Vol II 115-118

Yang S M Brigham R D (1985) Di4porthe phaseolorum from soyb~an can cause stem cancer on sunflower through wounds in greenhouse plants Proc XI Int Sunfl Conf Mar del Plata Argentina 437-443

(Primljeno 29 12 lgBB)

THE RESULTS OBTAINED UNTIL NOW IN THE INVESTIGATIONS OF PHOMOPSISDIAPORTHE HELIANTHI ON SUNFLOWERS

JI ESTIMATE OF DISEASE INTENSITY AND INOCULATION METHODS middot

by

M Mlhalj~vlc

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad

Maria Muntaftola-CvetkovJc Institute for Biological Research sinil~a Stankovic Belgrade

Summary

The outbreak of a new sunflower disease in 1980 caused by the holomorph Diaporthe helianthi Munt-Cvet et al confronted many reshysearchers with the choice of the most suitable method of assessment of disease intensity and the most suitable inoculation methods This paper reviews eight-year results of the studies carried out on the host-parasite relationship Attention was paid on the role of temperature and humidity on this relationship Applicability of a number of inoculation methods has been analyzed in detail

The assessment of disease intensity on a numerical scale from 0 to 4 for the leaf and the stem separately allows an efficient screening of susceptible genotypes in breeding programs The assessment based on the rate of formation of spots and their size conducted in ~reenhouse or in the field provides more accurate data on disease intensity i e degtmiddotee of resistance in tested material

100 zastita bilja Vol 40 (1) bl- 187 89 -100 (l989) Beograd

Inoculation methods which include the wounding of plant tigtsues regardless of the kind of inoculum used are too radical and nonselective Their results are not in agreement with those obtained in natural infection conditions Such methods do not permit distinctions between the effects of the parasite and saprobe organisms resistant and susceptible genotypes as well as between parasites specialized on one plant species or genus and polyphages When these methods are used all known resistance sources appear susceptible

F-or agronomic trials of resistant genotypes studies of pathogenemiddot sis in different species of Helianthus and interspecific hybrids inheritance studies and specially pathohistological and patophysiological studies the method of inoculation with suspensions of D helianthi asoospltgtres used as inoculum on intact leaf tissue is the most correct choice with respect to the course of natural infection in the field

A decissdve role on the outcome of the hostparasite relatdonship in field conditions from the occurrence of the first symptoms on the leaf margin to the end of the vegetative season is played by temperature and rainfall After the occurrence of macroscopically visible symptoms the pathogenesis may be stopped by high temperatures (over 30degC) accomshypained by a protracted dry spell The destruction of a portion oi the foli~e does not bringdirect losses in seed yield and oil content since conshytemporaly varietieS and hybrid have the leaf area much above the minimiddotmiddot mum necessary for normal photosynthesis and accumulation of assimilates

At later stages of the pathoeenesis when necrotic processes spread to the vascular system of the st~ the climatic conditions describedmiddot above have the contrary effect High temperature increases transpiration to the point when damaged vascular system of infected plants cannot compeflSialte the water losses This rapidly leads to an abrupt maturation of the plants Separate assessments of disease intensity on the leaf and on the stem of susceptible g-enotypes have revealed that oorrelation coefmiddot fidents for the assessments vary from 018 to 093 in dependence of the above mentioned climatic factors

100 zastita bilja Vol 40 (1) bl- 187 89 -100 (l989) Beograd

Inoculation methods which include the wounding of plant tigtsues regardless of the kind of inoculum used are too radical and nonselective Their results are not in agreement with those obtained in natural infection conditions Such methods do not permit distinctions between the effects of the parasite and saprobe organisms resistant and susceptible genotypes as well as between parasites specialized on one plant species or genus and polyphages When these methods are used all known resistance sources appear susceptible

F-or agronomic trials of resistant genotypes studies of pathogenemiddot sis in different species of Helianthus and interspecific hybrids inheritance studies and specially pathohistological and patophysiological studies the method of inoculation with suspensions of D helianthi asoospltgtres used as inoculum on intact leaf tissue is the most correct choice with respect to the course of natural infection in the field

A decissdve role on the outcome of the hostparasite relatdonship in field conditions from the occurrence of the first symptoms on the leaf margin to the end of the vegetative season is played by temperature and rainfall After the occurrence of macroscopically visible symptoms the pathogenesis may be stopped by high temperatures (over 30degC) accomshypained by a protracted dry spell The destruction of a portion oi the foli~e does not bringdirect losses in seed yield and oil content since conshytemporaly varietieS and hybrid have the leaf area much above the minimiddotmiddot mum necessary for normal photosynthesis and accumulation of assimilates

At later stages of the pathoeenesis when necrotic processes spread to the vascular system of the st~ the climatic conditions describedmiddot above have the contrary effect High temperature increases transpiration to the point when damaged vascular system of infected plants cannot compeflSialte the water losses This rapidly leads to an abrupt maturation of the plants Separate assessments of disease intensity on the leaf and on the stem of susceptible g-enotypes have revealed that oorrelation coefmiddot fidents for the assessments vary from 018 to 093 in dependence of the above mentioned climatic factors