New Zealand

Physical

• North Island– forests and fertile

lowlands– Active tectonic plates

• South Island– Larger, higher Mountains

(Southern Alps)

Climate

• Mild marine west coast • North Island is warmer• South Island has rain

shadow

Culture

• Maori – 1,000 AD

• Haka– http://youtu.be/PBlu8Stf

XtM

• Dutch – 1642 Abel Tasman

• British – 1769 James Cook

Economy

• Sheep outnumber people 13-1• record time http://youtu.be/nogdeGcn-aM

The Pacific Islands

MicronesiaMelanesiaPolynesia

Based on cultural variations and spaces between islands

Types of islands - Fiji

High Island Low Island

Melanesia

• Lies closest to Australia.– includes the eastern half

of New Guinea– Solomon Islands– Vanuatu– New Caledonia– Fiji

• Most have mountains and volcanoes

Micronesia

• East of the Philippines• Most north of Equator– Caroline Islands– Gilbert Islands– Northern Mariana

Islands– Marshall Islands

• Mix of high and low islands

Polynesia

• Huge. New Zealand to Hawai’i to Easter Island

Migration

• From New Guinea 30,000 years ago• Micronesia and Polynesia share many cultural

features• Melanesia is more distinct

Europeans and War

• 1500’s Magellan then others by 1900 no local control– Explore– Trade– Spread Christianity– Claim territory

• 1941-1945 World War II– Japan conquered many,– USA, Australia, and British fought back

Independence?

• Some fully independent• Some US Territories• Some are US Commonwealth (like Puerto

Rico)• Australia, France, Chile, New Zealand and

United Kingdom also have territories

Culture

• Religion– Historically - Polytheistic, Ancestor worship– Today Christianity

• Languages– Historically – each had own, then European

masters– Pidgin – simplified language based on English

• Micronesia is matrilineal = kin passed thru mother

Economy

• Much is subsistence• Copra and taro are

native crops• Trade, underwater

mining

Bikini Atoll

Operation Crossroadshttp://youtu.be/-l6Q8Q1smwg

• Half a century after being subjected to more than 20 nuclear tests, Bikini Atoll boasts a flourishing coral reef – but the coconuts are radioactive

Australia

Physical features

• Great barrier reef• Great dividing range• Tasmania• Great artesian basin• Uluru (Ayers Rock)

Uluru (Ayers Rock)

Marsupials

Climates

Aborigine – 40,000 years ago300,000 when British came

1788

• Prisons where overcrowded in Britain and the government decided to establish a penal colony in Australia.

• 1830 – 60,000 prisoners

Culture/Economy

• Aborigine– 200,000 left, many with

mixed ancestry– Religion with spiritual ties

to the land. World was created in “DREAMTIME”, when their ancestors became part of nature.

– Many children were forcibly removed from families from 1869-1969

• White and Asian– 90% are Christian– Asian immigration brings

Asian religions

• TRADE– Consistent with Europe

until 1970’s.– The EU made trade with

Europe more expensive

Australian Movies• Rabbit wire fence• Crocodile Dundee• Quigley Down Under

Cool SportsAustralian Rules Football• http://youtu.be/OqymJ

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