Newfoundland Towards Blue Biorefinery: Sustainable Utilization of Marine

ResourcesDeepika Dave, PhD

Research Scientist

Centre for Aquaculture and Seafood Development

Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland

CANADA

30th May- 1st June, 2016

OUTLINE

• Sustainability of Fisheries• Marine Biorefinery Approach for Sustainability• Centre for Aquaculture and Seafood Development

(CASD)-Capabilities• CASD Initiatives- Biorefinery Strategy

• Sustainability of Fisheries• Marine Biorefinery Approach for Sustainability• Centre for Aquaculture and Seafood Development

(CASD)-Capabilities• CASD Initiatives- Biorefinery Strategy

Ocean Based Biorefinery for the Blue Economy

• Ocean Based Biorefinery • Production of multiple co-products from marine bioresources

• Blue economy • Book written by Gunter Pauli, 2010• A design theory intended to bring natural ecosystems and

economy into harmony and create jobs• Means further development of the “green economy”• Refers to the colour of the sky, the ocean and the Gaia• A different way of designing business by using the resources

available in cascading systems, where the waste of one product becomes the input to create a new cash flow

• Goal is to create jobs, raise incomes, increase quality of life while saving the environment

Sustainable Fisheries

NL Fisheries

Salmonid65%

Mussels35%

Aquaculture Landed Valueby Species, 2014

(Landing : 9240 tonnes-7% of total Canada)(-65% compared to 2013

(Production value: $ 54 million)

Ground fish13%

Pelagic23%

Shellfish63%

Others1%

Capture Fisheries Landed Valueby Species Group, 2014

(Landings: 255,960 tonnes- 30% of Canada)(Landed value: $ 700 million)

Fisheries PROBLEMS• Waste of Resources (27-85% is waste)• Newfoundland Contribute 30% of total waste• Environmental Problems• Disposal Cost• Majority waste goes into Small quantities used for

MARINE BIOREFINERY

Biorefining for what?

Pharma

Healthfood

Cosmetics

Functional food

Food

Animal Feed

Fish meal

We need to move up the value chain

This is what we have

been good at

QuantityPr

ice

Bio-refinery approaches meet asustainable development challenge,the goal being to valorise all thecomponents of a biomass byturning them into higher valueproducts while producing no waste

• Concepts of Green chemistry, Blue Biorefinery, Green Technology , Clean Technology, etc.

• Combination of physical, enzymatic and microbial treatments

BLUE BIOREFINERY: MARINE, SEAFOOD WASTE AND ALGAE

MARINE BIOPROCESSING&

BIOREFINERY DEMONSTRATION

PROJECTS

Centre for Aquaculture and

Seafood Development

CASD Overview

• Comprehensive industrial response unit within the School of Fisheries• 18 scientific and research personnel • Undertake contractual technical support and research services to the

seafood and aquaculture sectors (~40 projects/year)• ISO 9001:2008 Registered

http://www.mi.mun.ca/departments/centreforaquacultureandseafooddevelopment/

Key Area of Applied ResearchAQUACULTURE SEAFOOD PROCESSING MARINE BIOPROCESSING

Dedicated Research Facilities

The most comprehensive and largest pilot plant and applied research facilities of its kind in Canada dedicated to seafood, aquaculture and marine bioprocessing with a combined area of over 2000 m2

Seafood Processing Pilot Plant

Marine Bio-Processing Pilot Plant

Aquaculture Facility

Marine Bio-Processing Laboratory

SEAFOOD PROCESSING Pilot plant

• 1,100 sq. metres• QMP and Food Safety Enhancement Program• Product development kitchen• Sensory analysis lab (taste panels)• Variety of pilot scale processing equipment

CASE STUDY: HPP Snow Crab

Acquire & Install Pilot Scale HPP

Learn how to operate HPP system

Optimize process parameters for snow

crab

Automate meat extraction (patent pending)

RESEARCH AT SEA

Aquaculture Research

• Hatchery & marine site assessments

• Finfish strain assessments• Finfish health & nutrition

• Aquaculture engineering• Finfish processing• Shellfish processing

MARINE BIOPROCESSING PILOT PLANT

MARINE BIOPROCESSING R&D• This 270 square meter facility is equipped with:

• A variety of extraction, concentrating and drying equipment • Extrusion processing equipment• 200 liter batch biodiesel processor• Pilot scale oil extraction equipment• Biotechnology analytical lab

• This facility is available to clients for: • Lab scale isolation of potentially valuable by-products from seafood

waste streams• The purification and concentration of valuable by-products • Pilot scale and Poof of concept prior to commercialization• Conducting industrial workshops

Bioprocessing/BiorefineryValue Chain optimization

Blue Biorefining for NL

Focus on Farmed Atlantic Salmon

Feed Formulation

Grow & Harvest

Process into Fillets/Portions

Unutilized Raw

Materials

TRADITIONAL VALUE CHAIN VALUE CHAIN OF BIOMASS WASTE

Heads

Frames

Gut/Organs

Skin

VALUE CHAIN PRODUCTS

Fish oil

Omega-3 fatty acids

Enzymes

Calcium Hydroxyapatite

OIL and PROTEIN EXTRACTION EQUIPMENTS

Hobart grinder Contherm scraped-surface heat exchanger

Decanter centrifuge

Spray Dryer

Steam Kettle

Flash Evaporator

Reverse osmosis

Biorefining Salmon Co-products

Minerals

Water soluble protein

OilWater and enzymes

Exact time

and temp

Heat/Enzymatic hydrolysis

Heads

Blended guts

Frames and Morts

Atlantic Salmon Oil

Analytes Fillet Guts Heads Frames

Fat (GC/FID) 16.3 90.2 88.9 95.2

Saturated 3.83 17.1 19.6 21.0

Cis-Monounsaturated 5.70 34.4 31.7 33.8

Cis-Polyunsaturated 5.94 35.1 33.9 36.4

Trans Fatty Acids 0.15 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated 4.10 22.9 23.1 25.0

Omega-6 Polyunsaturated 1.83 12.2 10.8 11.3

EPA 1.68 7.93 8.82 9.60

DPA 0.63 4.21 3.77 4.39

DHA 1.42 7.75 8.09 8.47

EPA/DHA ratio 1.18 1.02 1.09 1.13

Omega-3/omega-6 ratio 2.24 1.88 2.14 2.21

BIODIESEL PILOT PLANT

PILOT SCALE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

Oil Filling

Glycerol

Biodiesel

Transesterification

GENERATOR INSTALLATIONSugarloaf Aquaculture Site, Bay d’Espoir

Focus on Seal

Seal Oil Seal Biodiesel

Biorefinery products

Collagen Coffee

Biomedical Pharmaceutical Food ProductsCosmetics

Focus on Shellfish ExtractsSHRIMP SNOW CRAB

Finished Product

30-65%

Shell Waste

35-70%

SHELL BIOREFINERY

Protein(20-40%)

• Fertilizers• Animal feeds

Chitin(15-40%)

Calcium carbonate(20-50%)

• Pharmaceutical• Agricultural• Soil Treatment• Construction,• Paper Industries

Pigment(7-10%)

• Pharmaceutical• Agricultural• Soil Treatment• Cosmetics• Paper Industries

• Medical• Animal feed additive• Food• Cosmetic

Fractionation

MARKET VALUE OF CHITIN and CHITOSAN

Chitin/Chitosan Market Value $ per Kg

Industrial Grade Chitin $40 - $110

Raw Chitosan ~ $2000

Medical Chitosan $50,000 - $120,000

Chitosan Application

Wound Healing

Biosensor

ECO FRIENDLY METHODS OF CHITIN EXTRACTION

ECO FRIENDLY METHODS OF CHITIN EXTRACTION

CHITIN TO CHITOSAN Yield

Initial Wet Weight of Shells

(kg)

Initial Dry Weight of Shells

(kg)

*ProximateChitin

(%)

TheoreticalChitin Yield

(kg)

Actual Chitin Yield

(kg) (%)

238.20 58.57 24.10 14.11 11.84 83.91

Initial Wet Weight of Chitin

(kg)

Initial DryWeight of Chitin

(kg)

Chitosan Yield

(kg) (%)

3.2 0.88 0.46 52.27

CHITOSAN QUALITY PARAMETERS

TESTS METHODS COMPANY SPECIFICATIONS CHITOSAN

Deacetylation Degree QC-051 78.0 % to 84.0 % 77.3 %

Viscosity QC-037 100-1000 mPa.s (1% chitosan in 0.1N HCl) 336 mPa.sA

Heavy metals EP 2.4.8 (Method F) ≤ 40 ppm < 40 ppm

Bacterial endotoxins QC-023 < 500 EU / g < 250 EU/g

Microbial enumeration QC-022

TAMC: ≤ 2000 CFU/g < 50 CFU/g

TYMC: ≤ 200 CFU/g < 50 CFU/g

CHITIN WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Total Wastewater Generated: 8000 L

Lessons learnt• It is very important to understand the markets before getting started on new marine products.

• Acceptance and palatability are very important while extracting from marine based materials.

• Pure research at university level is very essential to fill out the large gaps between university development to commercialization.

• Pilot plants and infrastructure from harvest to processing and biotechnology are critical because early stage companies cannot invest therefore pilot plants can act as business accelerators.

• Pilot plants can help bring research to the private sector thereby minimizing risk.

• To maximize the market, it becomes essential to educate consumers about ingredients in biomarine based products.

• Generally regulatory approvals take considerably long time of 2 to 3 years so upfront research on requirements is highly essential.

HOW MI CAN HELP?• High level of expertise and know-how

• Platform for pure and proof of concept research prior to commercialization

• Assist with access to funding

• Act as subcontractor to assist with research

• Successful R&D project management with industries andother research institutes

• Assist with design & development

• Taste panels, shelf life studies, new product development

MARINE BIOPROCESSING RESEARCH TEAM

Ms. Heather ManuelDirector

Dr. Deepika DaveResearch Scientist

Mr. Wade MurphyFacility Supervisor

Ms. Sheila TrenholmLaboratory Technologist

Mr. Vegneshwaran V. RamakrishnanMarine Biotechnologist

Ms. Julia PohlingMarine Biotechnologist

Dr. Winny Routray Post Doctoral Fellow

Rakesh RaghunathanPh.D Student

Ruchira SenadheeraMaster Student

Thank you and welcome to

Newfoundland