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UGO FOSCOLO

THOMAS GRAY

PREROMANTICISMBetween 1770 to 1820

From Germany and Great Britain to every part of Europe

UGO FOSCO LO

1778• He was born in

Zante

1793• Venice: cradle of

studies

1797• Treaty of

Campoformio

FOSCOLO : The highlights of life…

1807• Publication “Dei

Sepolcri”

1815• Congress of Vienna• Exile

“Poiché sono solo contro tutti, mi è difficile diffendere la propria patria, per tanto a

male in cuore decido di accettare l'esilio.”

1827•He dies in London

1871•The body is moved to Florence in the church of Santa Croce

THOMAS GRAY

1716 26th December, London

• He studied at Eton College and at Cambridge

1751• “Elegy Written in a Country

Churchyard”

Life…

1757• Refused the laureateship

1768• Became Professor of History and

Modern Languages at Cambridge

1771• Died on 30th July, Cambridge

SEPULCHRAL POETRYStory: Second half of 18th century New poetic genre within pre-romanticism culture Foreign models: English and German “Night” by Young and “Ossian” by Macpherson “The Elegy” and “I Sepolcri”

Themes:

Pain of life, death, grave, immortality, sehnsucht

Interest in a melancholic nature

Love for dark and gloomy landscapes

“Sepolcri” “Elegy”

WORK

TOPIC

CARME

MODELS

WORK

TOPIC

ELEGY

LOCATION

“Elegy”“Dei sepolcri”

The work…“Dei Sepolcri” is a poem written by the Italian poet Ugo Foscolo in 1806 and published in 1807.

carme

The idea behind the poem can be traced back to 1804, when the Napoleonic edict of Saint-Cloud was issued.

1806 the edict was applied to Italy.

The Napoleonic edict of Saint Cloud…

THE EDICT…

All burials must take place outside the city walls;

The burial monuments must all be of the same size;

Their inscriptions controlled by a special commission

TOPIC

The underlying theme is that of the tomb, which is analyzed in its fundamental aspects…

SENTIMENTAL VALUE

•The tomb provides the memory of the dead in the memory of the living;•Enables the "correspondence of amorous senses“.

CIVIC VALUE

•The cult of the tomb as an expression of civilization;•Examples of cemeteries and funeral rites (two negative: medieval age and Italy, two positive: ancient civilizations and England).

HISTORICAL VALUE

•The tombs of posterity as an example for present and future generations;•The mound of the Athenians.

FUNCTION OF POETRY•Poetry eternatrice;•Omero and the Trojan myth.

Models…

Foscolo

Pindemonte : « I Cimiteri»

Thomas Gray: «Elegy written in a country churchyard»

The work…TITLE: Elegy written in a

country churchyard

WRITTEN IN: 1750

THIS ELEGY IS A MODEL FOR FOSCOLO

What is

an elegy?

In literature, an elegy is a melancholic or plaintive poem, especially a funeral song or a lament for the dead.

“ELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCHYARD” BY THOMAS GRAY

1750 More than seven years to

write The Elegy Inspired by the death of his

friend Richard West Horace’s First Book of Odes

(twenty-fourth Ode) Descriptions and reflections Universality of themes

(death, obscurity, contentment, etc.)

Idyllic view of country-life (like Virgil's pastoral poetry)

Structure of The elegy:Stanzas 1-11: images of

humble country life Gray's meditation on death

Stanzas 12-21: pompous exequies of the great VS simple funeral of the poor

Stanzas 22-32: supposed death of the author and his tomb's epitaph

The epitaph: themes of transience, obscurity and fame.

Setting

Stoke Poges Memorial dedicated

to the elegy

The poem is set in an cemetery, probably at Stoke Poges, surrounded by the English countryside. It looks like a naked, austere cemetery, far from the description of Foscolo’s one.

COMPARING TEXTS

FOSCOLO VS GRAY

Vv. 115-119: I Sepolcri

Ma cipressi e cedri

di puri effluvi i zefiri impregnando

perenne verde protendean su l'urne

per memoria perenne, e prezïosi

vasi accogliean le lagrime votive.

Stanza 4: The Elegy

Beneath those rugged elms, that yew-tree's shade,

Where heaves the turf in many a mouldering heap,

Each in his narrow cell for ever laid,

The rude Forefathers of the hamlet sleep.

“Save that from yonder ivy-mantled towerThe moping owl does to the moon complain Of such, as wandering near her secret bower,Molest her ancient solitary reign.”

“Senti raspar fra le macerie e i bronchila derelitta cagna ramingandosu le fosse e famelica ululando;(v 80)e uscir del teschio, ove fuggia la luna,l'úpupa, e svolazzar su per le crocisparse per la funerëa campagnae l'immonda accusar col luttüososingulto i rai di che son pie le stelle(v 85)alle obblïate sepolture”

25. “negò loro la sorte, che represselor colpe insieme a lor virtù”

“.. Fu di gran cuore e di sincera fede; e premio il Cielo gli mandò..”

FOSCOLO crede invece che se un uomo durante la vita ha agito bene, verrà ricordato dai posteri.La vita dei posteri è quindi una continuazione della vita del defunto.Le virtù del morto, non sono sepolte nella tomba, ma grazie agli amici continuano ad esistere nel mondo dei vivi

21. “Pompa e poter, vanto di stirpe eletta, quanto beltà o ricchezza a noi prepara,tutto egualmente l’ultim’ora aspetta:della gloria il sentier mena alla bara23. Urna scolpita, o effige al ver conforme può al frale richiamar l’alma fuggita? può onore stimolar polve che dorme?può l’orecchia di Morte esser blandita?”

C’è in Gray un uguaglianza universale, tutto è destinato allo stesso fine

Anche Foscolo pensa che tutti gli uomini siano accomunati da un destino inevitabile: la morte

QUESTA PRESENTAZIONE

È STATA

OFFERTA DA

Elena Bianchi

Melissa Padrini

Adiola Shehi

Luca Montanari

E ultimo……beato tra le donne!

Luca Montanari

THE END!