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“NewSpace” The Coming Revolution in Commercial Human Spaceflight. Bigelow Aerospace “Genesis-1” in orbit, July 2006. Manned Orbital. Space Shuttle (USA) [to 2010?] Ares 1/Orion Block 1 (USA) [from 2014] Soyuz (Russia) Shenzhou (China). Space Habitat. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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“NewSpace”The Coming Revolution in Commercial Human Spaceflight
Bigelow Aerospace “Genesis-1”in orbit, July 2006
Manned Orbital
Space Habitat
Deep Space
Space Shuttle (USA) [to 2010?]Ares 1/Orion Block 1 (USA) [from 2014]Soyuz (Russia)Shenzhou (China)
International Space Station [to 2016?]
Ares 1/Ares 5/Orion Block 2 (USA) [from 2018-2020?]- “Apollo on Steroids”
Manned Orbital
Space Habitat
Deep Space
Space Shuttle (USA) [to 2010?] Rocketplane Kistler K-1 OV (USA)Ares 1/Orion Block 1 (USA) [from 2014] PlanetSpace Silver Dart (Canada/USA)Soyuz (Russia) SpaceX Dragon (USA)Shenzhou (China)
International Space Station [to 2016?]Bigelow Aerospace Sundancer (USA)Bigelow Aerospace BA-330 (USA)
Ares1/Ares 5/Orion Block 2 (USA) [from 2018-2020?]CSI Lunar Express (Russia/USA)Deep Space Expedition Alpha (Russia/USA)SpaceX Lunar Dragon? (USA)
Manned SuborbitalVirgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo (USA/UK) Armadillo Aerospace VDR (USA)RpK Rocketplane XP (USA) Starchaser Thunderstar (UK)Blue Origin New Shephard (USA) ARCA Stabilo (Romania)Prodea Explorer (Russia/USA) CANDSPACE Proteus (S.Korea)Planetspace Canadian Arrow (Canada/USA)
OldSpace Major military contractors
Government “cost-plus” contracts($500 hammers)
Large project teams(~20,000 people in United Space Alliance)
Politicised funding (“porkbarrel”)
NewSpace Small entrepreneurial companies(e.g. Masten Space Systems – 5 full-time employees)
Fixed-price commercial contracts
Rapid development cycle(“Build a lot, fly a lot”)
Off-the-shelf technology
History of Space Commerce 1970's: communication satellites
1980's: earth resources satellites, space manufacturing (ISF)
1990's: navigation (GPS), satellite internet (Iridium, Globalstar, Teledesic)
2000's: space tourism? (Ansari X-Prize)
2010's: commercial space stations? (America's Space Prize)
Virgin Galactic Carrier aircraft (White Knight 2) and suborbital rocketplane (SpaceShipTwo)
Designed and built by Burt Rutan, funded by Richard Branson
$250M investment
5 spacecraft
2 carrier aircraft
$100M for new spaceport at Upham, New Mexico
140km max altitude, ~5min of microgravity. $200,000 per seat
~200 customers now, est. 500 by first commercial flight
WK2 rollout Farnborough 2007. Spacecraft test flights 2008-2009
British flight test crew
Commercial service 2009
Virgin Galactic
Virgin Galactic
Virgin Galactic
Virgin Galactic
Virgin Galactic
Rocketplane XP Rebuilt LearJet 25, conversion to suborbital spaceplane
Takeoff under jet power, ignites rocket at altitude
Operating from Oklahoma Spaceport (former Strategic Air Command base).
Pilot + 3 passengers
Space tourism, nanosat launch
First test flight 2008?
Rocketplane XP
Rocketplane XP
Blue Origin Funded by Jeff Bezos (Amazon.com)
Own private spaceport in Cuthbertson County, TX
VTVL modular design (“New Shepard”)
Nov 2006: First prototype launch successful
Test flights every 1-2 weeks
Manned flights to 100km by 2010
Stabilo (Romania)
Armadillo Aerospace Founded by John Carmack (creator of Doom, Quake)
8 people working part-time, total spend ~$2.5M
VTVL unmanned tech demos
2004: successful hop test
2004: vehicle crash
Oct 2006: entered NASA Lunar Lander Challenge ($1.3M prizes)
Armadillo Aerospace
COTS NASA programme “Commercial Orbital Transportation Services” (also stands for “Commercial Off-The-Shelf”)
Develop commercial ISS resupply (buy tickets, don't build rockets)
$500M between two companies for cargo transport by 2010, with option for crew transport
Fixed-price contract, dependent on technical milestones
August 2006: Award split between two companies, SpaceX and Rocketplane Kistler
SpaceX`Founded by Elon Musk (Paypal.com)
Aims to provide launches 3-5x cheaper than US competition
March 2006: Falcon-1 test launch failed, engine fire and shutdown
Q1 2007: Second Falcon-1 test launch
Q1 2007: Test firing Falcon-9 1st stage
Dragon manned capsule under development. First Dragon demo fight 2008, first manned flight 2010?
SpaceX
Launch configuration
On-orbit configurationDragon atop SpaceXFalcon-9 launch vehicle
SpaceX Dragon
Rocketplane-Kistler K-1: TSTO, fully reusable, recovery via parachutes & airbags
Launch from Woomera, Australia
Fleet of 5, launch every 2 weeks
Cost: $21M per launch
$207M under COTS programme
Prototype 75% hardware complete now
First launch 2009-2010.
Bigelow Aerospace Bob Bigelow, US hotel entrepreneur
$500M of own money for inflatable manned space station modules (TransHab, ex-NASA program)
1/3-scale test modules- Genesis-I: in orbit- Genesis-II: launch Q1 2007
Sundancer: man-capable module 2009
BA-330: full-scale permanently manned station 2011?
Working with Lockheed-Martin on crew transport
Orbital tourism, commercial research, space manufacturing
Genesis-I in orbit
Why should we care? It's cool
It's British!
Cheaper space operations = less pressure on space science budgets
Cheap/free and frequent flight opportunities for science payloads
Building commercial space infrastructure makes doing anything in space easier, including science.
The UK has a head start in this industry, but it could easily be lost due to governmental, institutional and public indifference.