Newspaper ChairsNewspaper Chairs

Project #2Project #2

Introduction to ManufacturingIntroduction to Manufacturing

ObjectivesObjectivesAfter completing this activity, students will be ableAfter completing this activity, students will be able to:to: State and describe some mechanical properties of State and describe some mechanical properties of

different materialsdifferent materials State and describe differences and similarities of physical State and describe differences and similarities of physical

properties of materialsproperties of materials State what the different stresses acting on your project State what the different stresses acting on your project

are.are. State and demonstrate how to overcome the 4 stresses.State and demonstrate how to overcome the 4 stresses. State why recycling is so importantState why recycling is so important State and describe examples of uncontrolled pollution.State and describe examples of uncontrolled pollution. State the processes involved in creating a Newspaper State the processes involved in creating a Newspaper

Chair.Chair. Create a Newspaper Chair that is capable of supporting Create a Newspaper Chair that is capable of supporting

you and each of your group members for 15 seconds each. you and each of your group members for 15 seconds each.

ContentContent Products usually involve multiple materials. Products usually involve multiple materials.

Those materials are used because of their Those materials are used because of their properties and how they will hold up under properties and how they will hold up under various conditions. When the products are various conditions. When the products are done being used they will usually get thrown done being used they will usually get thrown and sometimes recycled. With this project and sometimes recycled. With this project you will learn about the different materials you will learn about the different materials and the different types of pollution they can and the different types of pollution they can cause. By using something as common and cause. By using something as common and recyclable as newspaper you will learn how recyclable as newspaper you will learn how to make chairs. to make chairs.

Mechanical Properties of Mechanical Properties of MaterialsMaterials

What are some Mechanical Properties What are some Mechanical Properties of materials?of materials?

Answer:Answer:

There are There are 77 mechanical properties that mechanical properties that have to be looked at when choosing have to be looked at when choosing the right material for your job or the right material for your job or product.product.

Mechanical Properties of Mechanical Properties of MaterialsMaterials

1.1. Strength-Strength- how strong a material is how strong a material is

2.2. Elasticity/Stiffness-Elasticity/Stiffness- the ability of a the ability of a material to return to its shape after material to return to its shape after a force is applied to ita force is applied to it

3.3. Plasticity-Plasticity- the ability of a material to the ability of a material to keep a shape after being formedkeep a shape after being formed

Mechanical Properties of Mechanical Properties of MaterialsMaterials

1.1. Brittleness-Brittleness- if the material will if the material will fracture due to stressfracture due to stress

2.2. Hardness-Hardness- the ability of a material to the ability of a material to resist being cut or dentedresist being cut or dented

3.3. Toughness-Toughness- how much pressure a how much pressure a material can withstand before material can withstand before breakingbreaking

4.4. Fatigue-Fatigue- how much repeated how much repeated fluctuation of stress a material can fluctuation of stress a material can take before it breakstake before it breaks

Physical Properties of Physical Properties of MaterialsMaterials

There are a lot of physical properties There are a lot of physical properties that materials have but we are that materials have but we are going to focus on three.going to focus on three.

a.a. Size-Size- relates to Length, Width, and relates to Length, Width, and DepthDepth

b.b. Density-Density- more dense something is more dense something is the heavier (more mass) it has.the heavier (more mass) it has.

c.c. Surface Texture-Surface Texture- how the material how the material feelsfeels

StressesStresses There are There are Four (4)Four (4) different stresses that will different stresses that will

affect your newspaper chairs. Each chair no affect your newspaper chairs. Each chair no matter how it is designed will have the same matter how it is designed will have the same stresses on them. The chairs that work will be stresses on them. The chairs that work will be the chairs that can overcome the stresses by the chairs that can overcome the stresses by diverting the stress down the legs to the floor.diverting the stress down the legs to the floor.

The Four stresses are Compression, Tension, The Four stresses are Compression, Tension, Torsion, and Shear.Torsion, and Shear.

Where have you seen or been in contact with Where have you seen or been in contact with these stresses before?these stresses before?

Stresses Stresses

Compression StressCompression Stress is the stress caused by an is the stress caused by an object being crushed. In the case of your object being crushed. In the case of your newspaper chairs it is the force caused when you newspaper chairs it is the force caused when you sit on the seat and legs are being pushed down to sit on the seat and legs are being pushed down to the floor. the floor.

Tension StressTension Stress is the stress caused by an object is the stress caused by an object being pulled apart. On your chairs the tension being pulled apart. On your chairs the tension will be present on the seat, arms, and back of the will be present on the seat, arms, and back of the chair. chair.

Stresses Stresses

Torsion StressTorsion Stress is the stress caused by an object is the stress caused by an object being twisted. If the legs on the chair are not being twisted. If the legs on the chair are not structured and supported correctly your chair structured and supported correctly your chair could twist and won’t work. Also if the legs are could twist and won’t work. Also if the legs are not constructed properly they could also twist. not constructed properly they could also twist.

Shear StressShear Stress is the stress caused by an object is the stress caused by an object being torn or separated. On your chairs the shear being torn or separated. On your chairs the shear stress will be present if you don’t pack the legs stress will be present if you don’t pack the legs correctly. correctly.

Stresses Stresses Even though you will have to overcome these stresses Even though you will have to overcome these stresses individually they are all tied into each other. This individually they are all tied into each other. This means that for every section of your chair you have all 4 means that for every section of your chair you have all 4 stresses on it, if you ignore just one your chair will not stresses on it, if you ignore just one your chair will not work.work.

These chairs if made properly are incredibly strong. These chairs if made properly are incredibly strong. There have been students weighing around 280 lbs that There have been students weighing around 280 lbs that have sat in these chairs and they didn’t break or fall have sat in these chairs and they didn’t break or fall over. It is all in the design and attention to the stresses over. It is all in the design and attention to the stresses and properties of the materials.and properties of the materials.

Recycling Recycling

Recycling is taking materials that have been Recycling is taking materials that have been previously used and adjusting their chemical previously used and adjusting their chemical properties (melting down or reshaping) so they properties (melting down or reshaping) so they can be reused as other products. We are going to can be reused as other products. We are going to be reusing newspaper to create chairs. These be reusing newspaper to create chairs. These take a little while to make but in the end they are take a little while to make but in the end they are worth it. This project is meant to show you that worth it. This project is meant to show you that everyday common products can be reused to everyday common products can be reused to create other products.create other products.

PollutionPollution

There are many different types of There are many different types of pollution that affect our world we pollution that affect our world we live in. The three you will need to live in. The three you will need to learn about are:learn about are:

1.1. AirAir

2.2. LandLand

3.3. WaterWater

PollutionPollution

Air Pollution-Air Pollution- although there have although there have been many precautions to prevent been many precautions to prevent air pollution, it still exists. From air pollution, it still exists. From automobiles to hair spray to automobiles to hair spray to factories, they all have their share in factories, they all have their share in air pollution. Factories create the air pollution. Factories create the materials we use, like automobiles or materials we use, like automobiles or hair spray, but at a costhair spray, but at a cost

PollutionPollution

Land Pollution-Land Pollution- Garbage, or organic waste, Garbage, or organic waste, has potential as an energy source.  As waste has potential as an energy source.  As waste in landfills breaks down, it releases a gas in landfills breaks down, it releases a gas called methane into the air.  When collected called methane into the air.  When collected and burned, methane can be used to heat and burned, methane can be used to heat water and make electricity.  About 16% of water and make electricity.  About 16% of the 870 million tons of refuse produced in the 870 million tons of refuse produced in the United States each year could easily be the United States each year could easily be converted into fuel providing the equivalent converted into fuel providing the equivalent of 150 million barrels of oil.  Garbage can of 150 million barrels of oil.  Garbage can also be converted into fertilizer and soil also be converted into fertilizer and soil conditioner through composting.conditioner through composting.

PollutionPollution

Water Pollution-Water Pollution- some of the garbage some of the garbage that is created ends up the ocean. that is created ends up the ocean. Six pack plastic holders end up Six pack plastic holders end up around fish’s bodies, oil ends up around fish’s bodies, oil ends up killing seals or ducks, or chemicals in killing seals or ducks, or chemicals in the water end up deforming or the water end up deforming or hurting whomever drinks them hurting whomever drinks them because they don’t know.because they don’t know.

Mistake ProofingMistake Proofing

When constructing the legs of the When constructing the legs of the chairs, be sure to check how tight chairs, be sure to check how tight you are packing the legs. Every once you are packing the legs. Every once in a while squeeze the outside of the in a while squeeze the outside of the leg at various spots to ensure little to leg at various spots to ensure little to no give, which is our Acceptable no give, which is our Acceptable Quality Level (AQL).Quality Level (AQL).

Also, be sure to push down on the Also, be sure to push down on the leg, testing is compression rate. The leg, testing is compression rate. The leg should not flex at all. leg should not flex at all.

MaterialsMaterials NO MAGAZINES OR FLYERSNO MAGAZINES OR FLYERS Newspaper Newspaper Masking Tape, any sizeMasking Tape, any size I will provide 2 rolls per group, if you I will provide 2 rolls per group, if you

need more rolls you are responsible need more rolls you are responsible for bringing them in.for bringing them in.

ChallengeChallenge Each group of 2 students will design, sketch, and Each group of 2 students will design, sketch, and

construct a Newspaper Chair in the Construction construct a Newspaper Chair in the Construction Lab. The Sketches are random ideas of your Lab. The Sketches are random ideas of your thoughts but there should be a minimum of 4. thoughts but there should be a minimum of 4. From those 4 sketches select 1, draw it in detail From those 4 sketches select 1, draw it in detail using a ruler and straight lines (no freehand using a ruler and straight lines (no freehand drawing). Be sure to include dimensions on your drawing). Be sure to include dimensions on your Initial Drawings. We will then draw it using CAD to Initial Drawings. We will then draw it using CAD to see if your measurements line up. When the see if your measurements line up. When the project is complete you will be required to project is complete you will be required to complete the evaluation form and do a Final complete the evaluation form and do a Final Drawing. The Final Drawing compares what your Drawing. The Final Drawing compares what your Newspaper Chair ended up looking like (again, no Newspaper Chair ended up looking like (again, no freehand drawing, use rulers) to what you drew freehand drawing, use rulers) to what you drew for your Initial Drawing and CAD drawing. Your for your Initial Drawing and CAD drawing. Your grade is broken down into 3 parts, be sure to see grade is broken down into 3 parts, be sure to see the Evaluation part for further explanation. the Evaluation part for further explanation.

ChallengeChallenge Your grade for part 1 depends on how close to your Your grade for part 1 depends on how close to your

Initial Drawing you constructed your Newspaper Chair. Initial Drawing you constructed your Newspaper Chair. The closer it resembles your Initial Drawing, the better The closer it resembles your Initial Drawing, the better your grade will be. The more changes you make or extra your grade will be. The more changes you make or extra pieces you add the lower your grade will be. There are pieces you add the lower your grade will be. There are many ways to accomplish this task and you will have to many ways to accomplish this task and you will have to keep a steady working pace to ensure that the chairs are keep a steady working pace to ensure that the chairs are done on time. Part 2 is that the Newspaper chair must done on time. Part 2 is that the Newspaper chair must hold the weight of each member of the group and Mr. hold the weight of each member of the group and Mr. Bogen, the vice principal. The chair must have 4 legs, a Bogen, the vice principal. The chair must have 4 legs, a back to it, and arm rests. The legs must be the height of back to it, and arm rests. The legs must be the height of the newspapers when they are open in reading position the newspapers when they are open in reading position (about 2 to 2.5 feet long). The back can be designed to (about 2 to 2.5 feet long). The back can be designed to your liking but must be a minimum of 18” high with arm your liking but must be a minimum of 18” high with arm rests that are a minimum of 8” high. The armrests don’t rests that are a minimum of 8” high. The armrests don’t have to be tied into the back but it is a good idea to rely have to be tied into the back but it is a good idea to rely on the armrests to hold that back up. on the armrests to hold that back up.

ChallengeChallenge Your seat can look like anything you wish but must be

a covered area, no open style seats where people can fall through. The seats must be ON TOP of the legs so you rely on the strength of the legs to carry the weight of you. The chair must be solid which means that you cannot rely on leaning or balancing your chair to get it to work. The chair must be made using only newspaper and masking tape, no exceptions. You don’t need a lot of tape to do this project, so I am giving you 2 rolls of masking tape per group. If you need more tape you must bring it in from home and can bring in as many rolls as possible. We will be weighing these projects and part 3 of your grade depends on how light you can make the chairs. The idea is to make the strongest and lightest newspaper chair. The lighter the chair the better the grade IF IT HOLDS. It should be less than 30 lbs when done.

ChallengeChallengeA hint is to make your chair work first, and then start to slowly remove layers of paper until you feel you can’t without it breaking down. All work to this project must be done in class. You cannot bring this project home to work on it unless I give you permission. I do retain the right to change any aspect of this project at any time if I find that the effort going into the project is less than adequate. I expect more than the minimum on this project. Before construction can be done on this project you must first sketch the chair complete with arms and a back. Good luck.

ProceduresProcedures Brainstorm ideas and sketch 4 of Brainstorm ideas and sketch 4 of

them onto 2 pieces of paperthem onto 2 pieces of paper Choose a design that you like the Choose a design that you like the

best, draw an initial drawing of it best, draw an initial drawing of it with dimensionswith dimensions

Use the supplied materials to create Use the supplied materials to create the Newspaper Chairthe Newspaper Chair

Finish the Newspaper Chair using a Finish the Newspaper Chair using a filler and any color paint you choose filler and any color paint you choose or vinylor vinyl

EvaluationEvaluation Sketches and Initial Drawings are a Sketches and Initial Drawings are a

separate grade worth 100 pointsseparate grade worth 100 points There is a final drawing and an reflective There is a final drawing and an reflective

worksheet that counts as a separate worksheet that counts as a separate grade of 100 pointsgrade of 100 points

See Attached RubricSee Attached Rubric Remember that there is no fooling Remember that there is no fooling

around in the labaround in the lab Always wear your safety glasses or you Always wear your safety glasses or you

will be removed from classwill be removed from class

EvaluationEvaluation Project works repeatedly and is Project works repeatedly and is

sturdysturdy Project is lighter than 45 lbsProject is lighter than 45 lbs Project held both group members Project held both group members

and Mr. Bogen successfully with and Mr. Bogen successfully with no balancingno balancing

Project resembled the Initial Project resembled the Initial DrawingDrawing

Student shows above average Student shows above average effort effort

Student shows above average Student shows above average safety skillssafety skills

100 Points

EvaluationEvaluation Project works sometimes and is Project works sometimes and is

somewhat sturdysomewhat sturdy Project is lighter than 60 lbs.Project is lighter than 60 lbs. Project held both group members Project held both group members

and Mr. Bogen successfully with no and Mr. Bogen successfully with no balancingbalancing

Project somewhat resembled the Project somewhat resembled the Initial Drawing with minimal Initial Drawing with minimal changes changes

Student shows average effortStudent shows average effort Student shows average safety skillsStudent shows average safety skills

75 points

EvaluationEvaluation Project works sometimesProject works sometimes Project has a latching mechanism Project has a latching mechanism

that works sometimesthat works sometimes Project launches a baseball Project launches a baseball

forwards less than 30 feet and not forwards less than 30 feet and not into the boxinto the box

Project looks like Initial Drawing Project looks like Initial Drawing with exceptional to moderate with exceptional to moderate changeschanges

Student shows moderate effortStudent shows moderate effort Student not allowed in class if not Student not allowed in class if not

demonstrating proper safety skills demonstrating proper safety skills

50 points

EvaluationEvaluation Project does not workProject does not work Project does not have latching Project does not have latching

mechanismmechanism Project doesn’t launch baseballProject doesn’t launch baseball Project does not look like Project does not look like

drawing at alldrawing at all Student shows no effortStudent shows no effort Student not allowed in class if Student not allowed in class if

not demonstrating proper not demonstrating proper safety skillssafety skills

0 points

Lewis S. Mills High School Mission StatementLewis S. Mills High School Mission Statement The mission of Lewis S. Mills High School is to foster The mission of Lewis S. Mills High School is to foster

academic excellence, personal growth, and respect for academic excellence, personal growth, and respect for diversity. Within a safe learning environment, we share diversity. Within a safe learning environment, we share the collective responsibility with students, parents, and the collective responsibility with students, parents, and the community to cultivate the skills, knowledge and the community to cultivate the skills, knowledge and attitudes that help our students to realize their full attitudes that help our students to realize their full potential as learners and responsible citizens, and to potential as learners and responsible citizens, and to experience success beyond high school.experience success beyond high school.

Student Performance Expectations:Student Performance Expectations: 1. The LSM graduate comprehends written, visual, and 1. The LSM graduate comprehends written, visual, and

auditory texts and communicates with clarity in a auditory texts and communicates with clarity in a variety of modes.variety of modes.

2. The LSM graduate effectively employs critical 2. The LSM graduate effectively employs critical thinking in the problem solving process.thinking in the problem solving process.

3. The LSM graduate demonstrates effective use 3. The LSM graduate demonstrates effective use of information and technology to enhance of information and technology to enhance learning.learning.

4. The LSM4. The LSM graduate demonstrates knowledge graduate demonstrates knowledge and skills to improve personal wellness.and skills to improve personal wellness.

5. The LSM graduate acquires and applies 5. The LSM graduate acquires and applies knowledge within and across the curriculum to knowledge within and across the curriculum to develop a global perspective.develop a global perspective.

6. The LSM graduate is a responsible member of 6. The LSM graduate is a responsible member of the community demonstrating respect for self the community demonstrating respect for self and others.and others.

7. The LSM graduate demonstrates ethical 7. The LSM graduate demonstrates ethical behavior and assumes responsibility for his/her behavior and assumes responsibility for his/her actions.actions.

8. The LSM graduate is aware of the importance 8. The LSM graduate is aware of the importance of the arts in expressing the human experience.of the arts in expressing the human experience.