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NEWTON'S THIRD LAWEducational Pathway
Markus ArtnerBG Neunkirchen
NEWTON'S THIRD LAWEducational Pathway
Markus ArtnerBG Neunkirchen
Introduction
Short Description: Students will find out about newtons third law and the principle
of action and reaction. A hand on experience with easy set up experiments will help
understand the principle Students will have the chance to explore newtons third law by
setting up an experiment by themselves in a science center (museum)
Students study mechanics by observing simulations and videos
Age range: 12-13 years old
Context: School, museum
Time required: approx. 3-5 lessons
Connection with the curriculum: mechanics, movement, forces
NEWTON'S THIRD LAWEducational Pathway
Markus ArtnerBG Neunkirchen
Eliciting Curiosity pre visit phase 1
Set up a stimulating experiment:
A student on a skateboard will be asked to move a desk
Students find out neither it will be impossible to move the desk nor not to move themselves.
Discuss why does this happen?
NEWTON'S THIRD LAWEducational Pathway
Markus ArtnerBG Neunkirchen
Because of the obvious movement of the student it turns out there MUST BE a force on the student.
This force is of equal magnitude and opposite direction
This can be shown by using 2 skateboards and 2 (same mass) students.
Questions Eliciting Activities pre visit phase 1
Define questions from current knowledge
Material
NEWTON'S THIRD LAWEducational Pathway
Markus ArtnerBG Neunkirchen
What examples for newtons third law occure in everyday life?
How do students intuitionally experience mechanics (e.g. walking, jumping, )
Questions Eliciting Activities pre visit phase 1
Define questions from current knowledge
Material
NEWTON'S THIRD LAWEducational Pathway
Markus ArtnerBG Neunkirchen
Pre Visit Phase 2: Active Investigation PROPOSE PRELIMINARY EXPLANATION OR HYPOTHESES
How can we set up an easy experiment to prove newtons third law?
Students should get some input and ideas by making research for experiments on the web or realize their own ideas.
Students will be guided to develop an experiment that causes action which will provoke reaction
NEWTON'S THIRD LAWEducational Pathway
Markus ArtnerBG Neunkirchen
Pre Visit Phase 2: Active Investigation
the rocket balloon - race
a possible setup could be: the balloon-race
Source:http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/topnav/materials/listbytype/Rocket_Races.html
Material
NEWTON'S THIRD LAWEducational Pathway
Markus ArtnerBG Neunkirchen
Pre Visit Phase 2: misconceptions
Identification of possible misconceptions associated to forces. Some could be:
A common misconception is that the forward movement is due to the air inside the balloon is pushing on the outside air. However, this experiment would work even in the vacuum of space! This is why rockets work even outside the Earths atmosphere.
Another misconception is the idea that force and counteracting force will sum up to zero. This is explained in the material to general information on newtons third law.
NEWTON'S THIRD LAWEducational Pathway
Markus ArtnerBG Neunkirchen
Pre Visit Phase 2: Observation:
Simulation of force and counterforce: the lunar lander
Try to place the lander on the surface
analyze influence of force on movement and acceleration
measure forces and strength
Animation
Source:http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/lunar-lander
directions
activity
NEWTON'S THIRD LAWEducational Pathway
Markus ArtnerBG Neunkirchen
Pre Visit Phase 2: simulation forces
Explore force and counterforce on the example of aplied force and friction force
Learn about vector analysis
Understand relation between movement and friction force
Source:http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/forces-1d
Animation
activity
NEWTON'S THIRD LAWEducational Pathway
Markus ArtnerBG Neunkirchen
Visit - Phase 3Creation GATHER EVIDENCE FROM OBSERVATION
Visit a science center: "Haus der Natur"
http://vimeo.com/12168168
http://www.hausdernatur.at/aktuelles.html
movie
Observe experiments showing Newton's third law
Observe the bottle rocket rushing through the tube
Discuss Newton's laws and the experimental design with people from the science center
NEWTON'S THIRD LAWEducational Pathway
Markus ArtnerBG Neunkirchen
Visit - Teaching Phase 4Discussion consider and observe explanations
Build your own "water rocket" (assembly set)
Class-project: Building up a water rocket
Observe the bottle rocket taking off
Discuss Newton's third law and the experimental design
E.g.:http://www.lenkdrachen.com/wasserrakete.de/bottle-rocket/html_seiten/frameseite.htm
NEWTON'S THIRD LAWEducational Pathway
Markus ArtnerBG Neunkirchen
Visit - Teaching Phase 4Discussion Explanation based on evidence
Generalize the principle of rocket movement from a water rocket to a space rocket:
Class-project: Get information about rockets through web research
Explain and discuss the principle of thrust and propellant to be used in rockets
Discuss how controlling during flight works
materialSource:http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/topnav/materials/listbytype/Applying_Newtons_Laws.html
NEWTON'S THIRD LAWEducational Pathway
Markus ArtnerBG Neunkirchen
Get more information about rockets
Research for rocket videos on the web
observe lift off in real time
Get an idea of the energy consumption of a launching rocket
How does Newton's Third Law affect everyday life? working out examples for action and reaction principle
walking, jumping from a base,
Collect ideas and in group work and work out presentations of findings
Analyzing post visit Teaching phase 5: communicate observations and explanations
movie
NEWTON'S THIRD LAWEducational Pathway
Markus ArtnerBG Neunkirchen
Collect ideas and in group work and work out presentations of findings
Analyzing post visit Teaching phase 5: communicate observations and explanations
Wings of an aircraft
He-core and mother core
weaponsTwo rollerskaters draging to each other