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Next Generation Networks and QoSNext Generation Networks and QoS
Koichi AsataniKoichi AsataniKogakuin University, TokyoKogakuin University, Tokyo
Chair Emeritus, IEEE CQR-TC Advisory BoardChair Emeritus, IEEE CQR-TC Advisory Board
International CQR Workshop 2007 International CQR Workshop 2007 May 16, 2007May 16, 2007Sanibel Harbour Resort & SpaSanibel Harbour Resort & Spa
IP Telephony Subscriber Number in JapanIP Telephony Subscriber Number in JapanX 104
0
200
800
600
400
1000
1200
2006.32004.122004.92004.62004.32003.12 2005.6 2005.9 2005.122005.3
0AB-J050-
Broadband in JapanBroadband in Japan
S1
0
50
100
150
200
250
1985
200520
00199519
90
Global International Call GrowthGlobal International Call Growth
source: http://www.dri.co.jp/auto/report/telegeo/telegeotg04.htm
Total Traffic (PSTN+VoIP)
VoIP
Note: Forecasted Data for 2003 and after
Billion Minutes
Evolution in Networks and ApplicationsEvolution in Networks and Applications
WWW
NGI
Internet
ARPA
Packet SwitchedNetwork
B-ISDN
ISDN
Digital TelephoneNetwork
Analog TelephoneNetwork
ftp telnet e-mail
Internet access
Datacommunications
Telephone
BroadbandStreamingADSL
FTTH
FWA
nGWL
NGN Burst, StreamingUnicast, Multicast
Voice sound Video Mutlimedia
FR
ATM
P2P
Network EvolutionTelecomApplications
InternetApplications
SDH
FAX
IP Telephony
Principles and ConvergencePrinciples and Convergence
Telecomism Internetism
End-to-end PrincipleEnd nodes are responsible.
End-to-end PrincipleEnd nodes are responsible.
Network PrincipleNetwork is responsible.
Network PrincipleNetwork is responsible.
Stateless networksStateful networks
Trustful networks Trustful end usersTerminal
liberalization
Non-transparent network Transparent networkISDN
PROXY,NAT,Firewall
Best effort networksQoS guaranteed networksADSL
flow control, RSVPMPLS DiffServe
Source:Rec.Y.2001
Generalized Mobility FMC
Unrestricted Access Open Access I/F
Service Separated Transport Architecture & Open API
QoS-enabled Transport
Multiple-Broadband
Manageable Broadband
Definition & Features of NGNDefinition & Features of NGN
Next Generation Networks (NGN)Next Generation Networks (NGN)
NGN Transport Functions
NGN Service-Related Functions
Telephone Services
Data Services (WWW, e-mail, etc.)
Video Services (TV, movies, etc.)
Internet Protocol
(IP)
Anything and Everything
Everything
(Any and All Network Technologies)
(Any/All Applications
e.g., voice, data, video)
Scope of the
Internet
“Service Stratum”
“Transport Stratum”
Source: ITU-T Recommendation Y.2011 — General principles and general reference model for next generation networks
NGN Release 3 -RFID
NGN Release 2 -Entertainment -Home Networks
NGN Release 1-Multimedia-PSTN/ISDNEmulations
Services and Capabilities
Mid of 2006
Enhancement to Release 1Capabilities
Enhencementto Release 2Capabilities
Mid of 2007? End of 2008
-Multimedia-PSTN/ISDNEmulations
- Streamingservices
- Ubiquitous services
Release Approach for NGNRelease Approach for NGN
Complexity of NGN QoSComplexity of NGN QoS
• User-perceived QoS is end-to-end (cf. E.800)User-perceived QoS is end-to-end (cf. E.800)• NGN QoS is complex becauseNGN QoS is complex because
– NGN applications have diverse performance needsNGN applications have diverse performance needs– IP is not designed for consistent application performanceIP is not designed for consistent application performance
• Various mechanisms have been introduced with specific Various mechanisms have been introduced with specific applicability applicability
– Diversity in an end-to-end path is common owing toDiversity in an end-to-end path is common owing to• Different levels of QoS support in endpointsDifferent levels of QoS support in endpoints• Varying types of QoS support in the transportVarying types of QoS support in the transport• Multiple provider domainsMultiple provider domains
Multi-Service Packet Transport
802.xxAccess
2G/3GWireless
Cable
xDSL
Domain 1IntServ
Domain 4Over-Prov
Domain 2DiffServ
Domain 3MPLS-TE
N G N
Effective management of resource contention
Definition of QoSDefinition of QoSThe collective effect of service performance which determine the degree of satisfaction of a user of the service.
The QoS is characterized by the combined aspects of service support performance, service operability performance, serveability performance, service security performance and other factors specific to each service.
The term "QoS" is not used to express a degree of excellence in a comparative sense nor is it used in a quantitative sense for technical evaluations. In these cases a qualifying adjective (modifier) should be used.
ITU-T Rec. E.800
Definition of Definition of Quality of Experience ( (QoE)QoE)
The overall acceptability of an application or service, as perceived subjectively by the end-user.
The QoE includes the complete end-to-end system effects (client, terminal, network, services infrastructure, etc).
Overall acceptability may be influenced by user expectations and context.
User-Experience-Oriented Quality
ITU-T Rec. P.10/G.100
Standards Setting Organizations on QoEStandards Setting Organizations on QoE
VQEG: Video Quality Experts GroupJRG –MMQA: Joint Rapporteurs’ group for Multimedia Quality AssessmentFG-IPTV: Focus Group - IPTV
ITU-R SG6Broadcasting services
VQEG
JRG –MMQA
ITU FG-IPTV
ITU-T SG12Performance and quality of service
ITU-T SG9Integrated broadband
cable networks and television and sound
transmission
ITU-T SG13Next Generation Networks
CNAN ANCPN CPNTE TEUser User
Network Performance for NGN
Quality of Service for NGNQoE QoE
Man-Machine Interface
Man-Machine Interface
Network Interface
Network Interface
Quality of Experience
Quality of Service Network Performance
User oriented Provider oriented
User behaviour attribute
Service attribute Connection/Flow element attribute
Focus on user-expected effects
Focus on user-observable effects
Focus on planning, development (design), operations and maintenance
User subject Between (at) service access points
End-to-end or network elements capabilities
Ref. Configuration of QoS, NP and QoERef. Configuration of QoS, NP and QoE
ITU-T RACF ArchitectureITU-T RACF Architecture
Rs
Rw
Service Stratum
Transport Functions
PolicyDecisionFunction
PolicyDecisionFunction
Transport Resource ControlFunction
Transport Resource ControlFunction RACF
Transport Stratum
Service Control Functions(part of IMS or else)(part of IMS or else)
Service Control Functions(part of IMS or else)(part of IMS or else)
Rt
RdRp
Rc
Rn
Ru
Oth
er NG
Ns
Ri
TransportEnforcement
Function
TransportEnforcement
Function
Interconnection Functions PolicyEnforcement
Function
PolicyEnforcement
Function
Network Attachment Control Functions
• Policy Decision Functionservice facing, transport independent
• Transport Resource Control Functionservice independent, transport dependent, possibly network-segment specific
• Policy Enforcement Functiontypically part of border transport elements
intra-intra-domaindomain
inter-inter-domaindomain
RACF augments native transport QoS support Preempting transport congestion at
the service control layer
All applications (VoIP, IPTV, etc.) involving network-based control can make use of RACF via Rs
IP-based network performanceIP-based network performance
U
U
U
U
Class 5
1*10-6
1*10-5
50 ms
100 ms
Class 6
1*10-61*10-4 Upper bound IPER
1*10-51*10-31*10-31*10-31*10-31*10-3 Upper bound on the packet loss
probability IPLR
50 msUUU50 ms50 ms
Upper bound on the 1-10-3 quantile
of IPTD minus the minimum
IPTD
IPDV
400 ms1 s400 ms100 ms400 ms 100 ms Upper bound on the mean IPTD
IPTD
Class 7Class 4 Class 3 Class 2 Class 1 Class 0
Nature of Network
Performance Objective
Performance Parameter
Y.1541
Object Quality Assessments ModelObject Quality Assessments Model
G.1030 Annex A
(Web -browsing)
G.Chirp
(Web -browsing)
One -wayData
Application Scenario
BS.1387 -1One -way
(Listening quality)
G.OMV(Videophone)
J.148 (Multimedia)
Two -way
One -waySpeech/Audio and Video
?.YYY (Cable TV)
?.ZZZ (Multimedia)
J.144 (Cable TV)
?.XXX (Multimedia)
One -way
(Viewing quality)
G.107
(Telephone-band)
G.WBEM
(Wideband)
Two -way
(Conversational quality)
P.563, P.VTQ P.862/P.862.1 (Telephone-band)
P.862.2
(Wideband)
One -way
(Listening quality)
Network planningNon -intrusive monitoring
Benchmarking/
Intrusive monitoring
Estimated
subjective quality
G.1030 Annex A
(Web -browsing)
G.Chirp
(Web -browsing)
One -way
Application Scenario
BS.1387 -1One -way
(Listening quality)Audio
G.OMV
J.148 (Multimedia)
Two -way
One -way
?.YYY (Cable TV)
?.ZZZ (Multimedia)
J.144 (Cable TV)
?.XXX (Multimedia)
One -way
(Viewing quality)Video
G.107
G.WBEM
(Wideband)
P.CQO (Telephone-band)Two -way
(Conversational quality)
P.563, P.VTQ P.862/P.862.1
P.862.2
(Wideband)
One -way
(Listening quality)
Speech
Network planningNon -intrusive monitoring
Benchmarking/
Intrusive monitoring
Media
(Telephone-band)
NGN-related Standardization OrganizationsNGN-related Standardization Organizations
USA
Europe
ATIS
TTC (Japan)
TTA (Korea)
CCSA (China)
IETF
ETSI
ITU
AsiaTISPAN 3GPP
Next Generation IP Network Promotion ForumNext Generation IP Network Promotion Forum
• Established on Dec. 16, 2005
• Based on a report from MIC Study Group on Next Generation IP Infrastructure
• To Promote evolution to IP-based Networks in Japan
• Under close cooperation among industries, government and academia
Forum StructureForum Structure
Next Generation IP Network Promotion Forum
Chair: Prof. Tadao Saito (University of Tokyo)
Technology GroupChair: Prof. Shigeki Goto
(Waseda University)
R&D and Standardization GroupChair: Prof. Koichi Asatani
(Kogakuin University)
Planning and Promotion GroupChair: Dr. Yuichi Matsushima (NICT)
Strategic Planning WG
Home Networks WG
Challenges!Challenges!
• Latency aware network configuration Implementation: not a subject of standards
• Ubiquitous applications? – Transaction or (SIP) Connection?
• QoE/QoS on End-to-End base,
including Customer Premises Network, e.g.,Home Networks– No performance allocations to devices outside of
UNI– Multi-domain environments