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Parent Material and Soil Formation Created by Jim Ippolito & Mike Hanna College of Agricultural Sciences Colorado State University. Next. 1. 2. 8. 3. 6. 5. 7. Click a number to view a discussion of the type of soil parent material. 4. Click here to end. Colluvium Photo: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Parent Material and Soil Formation
Created byJim Ippolito
&Mike Hanna
College of Agricultural SciencesColorado State University
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Type of Parent Material: Colluvium Mode of Transportation: GravityDegree of Sorting by Particle Size: Low
Additional Information: The term colluvium classifies parent material transported by gravity. Colluvium is made up of aheterogeneous mixture of boulders, rocks, pebbles, and soil from upslope areas. Thus the degree of particle sorting is low.
Background Photo Source: Jim Ippolito; Northern boundary of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado
Colluvium Photo:Source: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-437/gallery.htm
Background Photo Source: Jim Ippolito; Northern boundary of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado
Type of Parent Material: Glacial TillMode of Transportation: IceDegree of Sorting by Particle Size: Low
Additional Information: Parent material transported by ice is called glacial till. This parent material is found where glaciers have deposited material, such as in terminal or lateral moraines. Ice is a poor sorter of particles, and thus glacial till contains everything from the smallest clay-sized fraction to rocks, pebbles, and boulders.
terminal moraine
Glacial Till Photo Source: Dr. Paul McDaniel; http://soils.ag.uidaho.edu/soilorders/entisols_06.htm
Soil developed from volcanic ejecta.Soil Profile Source: http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/orders/andisols.html
Type of Parent Material: TephraMode of Transportation: WindDegree of Sorting by Particle Size: High
Additional Information: Parent material transported via volcanic ejecta is calledtephra. The mode of transportation iswind. Wind is a good sorter of particles.Larger particles tend to bounce on the Earth’s surface while smaller particles aretransported greater distances.
Background Photo Source: http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanoes/haleakala/1koolau_large.jpg
Type of Parent Material: Loess or Aeolian Mode of Transportation: WindDegree of Sorting by Particle Size: High
Additional Information: Parent material transported by wind is called loess or aeolian. Wind is a good sorter of particles. Larger particles tend to bounce on the Earth’s surface while smaller particles are transported greater distances. Background Photo Source: http://www.nps.gov/grsa
Aeolian Photo:Source: Dr. Paul McDaniel;
http://soils.ag.uidaho.edu/soilorders/entisols_06.htm
Soil developed from alluvium.Source: http://www.mo15.nrcs.usda.gov/features/gallery/houlka.html
Type of Parent Material: AlluviumMode of Transportation: WaterDegree of Sorting by Particle Size: High
Additional Information: Parent material transported by flowing water (streams, rivers) is called alluvium. Water is a good sorter of soil particles. Larger particles (i.e. sands) settle out of water first, and smaller particles (i.e. clays) settle out of water last. Thus, you tend to find sand-sized particles closer to the water source and clay-sized particles further away.
Lacustrine Deposit Profile Source: NRCS staff,
http://houzi.org/lacustrine.html
Type of Parent Material: Lacustrine Mode of Transportation: LakeDegree of Sorting by Particle Size: High
Additional Information: The term lacustrine classifies parent material transported by alake. Water is acting on the parent material and thus there is a high degree of particle sorting.
Type of Parent Material: Marine Mode of Transportation: OceanDegree of Sorting by Particle Size: High
Additional Information: The term “marine” classifies parent material transported by oceans. Water is acting on the parent material and thus there is a high degree of particle sorting.
Soil Profile Source: http://www.mo15.nrcs.usda.gov/features/gallery/ocilla.html
Type of Parent Material: Residual or Residuum. Mode of Transportation: In place; none.Degree of Sorting by Particle Size: Low
Additional Information: The terms residual or residuum classify parent material formed in place (i.e. non-transported). The degree of sorting is low because no other factors have influenced soil movement.
Soil Profile Source: http://www.mo14.nc.nrcs.usda.gov/features/goldston.html