NFC vs ISO14443 vs Felica - NFC Development & · PDF fileCONFIDENTIAL Division, Author, MMMM dd, yyyy, Reference Agenda • What’s Mifare • Mifare&ISO14443 • What is Felica •

NFC vs ISO14443 vs Felica

Bob JiangCAS/IDEFeb 23, 2006

CONFIDENTIAL Division, Author, MMMM dd, yyyy, Reference

Agenda

• What’s Mifare• Mifare&ISO14443• What is Felica• What is NFC• NFC Standardization• Comparison NFC and contactless card standard• Standards Overview for 13.56MHz systems• Summary


•• mifaremifare®® is the leading is the leading contactlesscontactless interface for interface for smart cardssmart cards. Developed . Developed by Philips and later became ISO14443 type Aby Philips and later became ISO14443 type A((ContactlessContactless Proximity Proximity Smart Cards Standard).Smart Cards Standard).

•• the the mifaremifare®® Interface PlatformInterface Platformis a family of Card and Reader ICs,is a family of Card and Reader ICs,which support the which support the mifaremifare®® Interface.Interface.

•• Some other companies developed another Some other companies developed another contactlesscontactless card and later standardised in ISO14443 B.card and later standardised in ISO14443 B.

mifaremifare®® = ISO 14443 A= ISO 14443 A

What is What is mifaremifare®® ??


Layers of the ISO /IEC 14443

ISO/IEC 14443 part 1

Physical Characteristics of contactless smart cards (PICC)


RF-Power & Signal interface


Initialization & Anticollision


Transmission Protocol


Mifare and ISO 14443

MIFARE®

UltralightMIFARE®

StandardMIFARE®

Desfire


yes yes Yes

ISO/IEC 14443-A part 2

yes yes Yes

ISO/IEC 14443-A part 3

yes yes Yes


No, fixed command set

No, fixed command set

Yes


What’s Felica

• Another contactless card technology developed by Sony.• Also work on 13.56MHz and 10cm operation distance• Once Sony applied for standardizing Felica into ISO14443

as Type C, but failed. By now ISO14443 only include type A and type B. No Type C in ISO14443 standard.

• Felica is not a international standarded product.


What’s NFC

• NFC --– Near Field Communication• Short range (~ 10 cm) secure wireless technology• Exchange any kind of data between any NFC

enabled electronic devices• Work as active and passive modes possible• Standardized in ISO, ECMA, ETSI


Standardization of NFC IP-1

NFC IP-1 is standardised in • ECMA 340

– http://www.ecma-international.org/– Since January 2003

• ETSI TS 102 190 V1.1.1 (2003-03)– Title: Near Field Communication (NFC) IP-1; Interface and Protocol

(NFCIP-1)– Since Feburary 2003

• ISO/IEC 18092– Title: Near Field Communication (NFC) IP-1; Interface and Protocol

(NFCIP-1)– Since October 22nd 2003

http://www.ecma-international.org/


NFC IP-1

• Standard defines device to device communication only• NFC IP-1 defines:

– RF protocol (active and passive communication mode)– Initialisation and single device detection– Data exchange protocol


Comparison NFC IP-1 and smart card standards

NFC devices Contactless Smart Card systems

Initiator Target Reader/writer Contactless smart cards

Active communication mode: Both initiator and target generate RF field

Communication principle Passive communication

mode: Initiator generates RF field and target answers

using load modulation

Reader generates RF field and card answers using load

modulation

Active communication mode: RF collision

avoidanceInitializationPassive communication mode: Initialization and

Anticollision

Initialization and anticollision

Speed at initialization [kbit/s]

106, 212, 424 106 for ISO 14443-A212, 424 for FeliCa

Communication protocol

NFC IP-1 data exchange protocol

ISO 14443 Transmission protocol

MIFARE®: fixed command setFeliCaTM: fixed command set

Speed at Communication protocol[kbit/s]

106, 212, 424 106, 212, 424, 848 for ISO 14443-A incl. amendments

106 for MIFARE®

212 for FeliCaTM


Comparison NFC IP-1 passive communication mode versus

ISO/IEC14443 –A, MIFARE® and FeliCaTM, Initiator/ Reader-writer mode

Initiator Reader/Writer

NFC IP-1: Passive communication mode according to ISO/IEC

18092

ISO/IEC 14443 A

MIFARE® FeliCaTM

106 kbit/s

Miller coded, 100% ASK modulation

Miller coded , 100% ASK modulation

Miller coded , 100% ASK modulation

-

212 kbit/s

Manchester coded, 8-30 % Modulation

- -

Manchester coded, 8-30 %

Modulation

RF- interface

424 kbit/s


- -


Modulation 106

kbit/s Bit-wise anticollision Bit-wise

anticollision Bit-wise

anticollision -

212 kbit/s

Time slot anticollision - - Time slot anticollision

Initializa-tion & Anti-

collision (Single device

detection)

424 kbit/s


106 kbit/s

NFC-IP1 Data Exchange Protocol


Fixed MIFARE® Command

Set

-

212 kbit/s


- -

Fixed FeliCaTM

Command Set

Communication

Protocol

424 kbit/s


- -

Fixed FeliCaTM

Command Set


Comparison NFC IP-1 passive communication mode versus ISO/IEC14443–A,

MIFARE® and FeliCa, Target / Card mode Target Contactless Smart Card

NFCIP 1 Passive Communication mode according to ISO/IEC

18092

ISO/IEC 144443 A

MIFARE® FeliCaTM

106 kbit/s

Manchester coded , Subcarrier load

modulation

Manchester coded ,

Subcarrier load

modulation

Manchester coded ,

Subcarrier load

modulation

-

212 kbit/s


- -


Modulation

RF- interface

424 kbit/s


- -


Modulation 106

kbit/s Bit-wise anticollision Bit-wise

anticollision Bit-wise

anticollision -

212 kbit/s


Initializa-tion & Anti-

collision (Single device

detection)

424 kbit/s


106 kbit/s

NFC-IP1 Data Exchange protocol

Fixed MIFARE® Command

Set

-

212 kbit/s


-

Fixed FeliCaTM

Command Set

Communication

Protocol

424 kbit/s



-

Fixed FeliCaTM

Command Set


General Flow protocol including ISO 14443-A and FeliCa, Initiator

Passive Communication Active Communication

212k

Bit/

s

106k

Bit/

s

424k

Bit/

s

Init & SingleDevice

Detection

Init & SingleDevice

Detection

Init & SingleDevice

Detection

ATR_REQATR_RES

SEL_RES POL_RES

Initial RFCA

NFC IP-1 Data Exchangeprootocol

RF collisionavoidance



106k

Bit/

s

ISO14443-AMIFARE FeliCa

424k

Bit/

s

212k

Bit/

s

POL_RES


Differentiation between NFCIP-1, ISO 14443A ,MIFARE®

• Interpret Answer to Select command

Bit 7

Bit 6

Bit 5

Bit 4

Bit 3

Bit 2

Bit 1

Bit 0

Meaning

X X X X X 1 X X Cascade bit set: NFCID1 not complete

X 1 X X X 0 X X NFCID1 complete, Target compliant with NFC IP-1 protocol.Request for Atrributes

X X X X X X 0 X NFCID1 complete, Target not compliant

with NFC IP-1 protocol

X X 1 X X X X X UID complete, device compliant with

ISO/IEC 14443

X X 0 X X X X X UID complete, device not compliant with

ISO/IEC 14443

· After selection of a target the SEL_RES byte has to be checked.

• If bit 6 of SEL_RES is set to 1, the counterpart is a device capable of handling the NFCIP-1 protocol.

• If bit 5 of SEL_RES is set to 1, the device can handle the ISO14443-4 transmission protocol.

• If none of these is set the counterpart is a proprietary device. This could be for example a MIFARE®

card.

• If all or 2 least 2 of the bits are set the device can handle more than one option


Ecma 340- ISO18092 NFCIP-1

ISO/IEC 18092– Peer-to-peer– Active & passive– Short range– 106, 212, 424 kbps

ISO/IEC 18092(NFCIP-1)

ISO/IEC 14443(Contactless

Proximity Cards)

ISO/IEC 15693(Contactless

Vicinity Cards)

InterfaceStandards

NFC device

a11

a223

a34a4

b1b2b3b4

5678GND

0

NFC device

a11

a223 a34

a4

b1b2b3b4

5678GND

0

Proximity CardReader

a11

a223

a34a4

b1b2b3b4

5678GND

0

Vicinity CardReader

a11

a223 a34

a4

b1b2b3b4

5678GND

0

Proximity Card Vicinity Card

ISO/IEC 14443– Reader-to-card– Passive– Proximity– 106 kbps (up to 848 in

Development)

ISO/IEC 15693– Reader-to-card– Passive– Vicinity– Up to 26 kbps

Gerald SchafflerCASNFC Protocol23.05.2005

Standards and Compatibility Overview for 13.56MHz Systems

---- Initiator View(Reader View)

CONFIDENTIAL Division, Author, MMMM dd, yyyy, Reference 2CAS 23.05.2005







Gerald SchafflerCASNFC Protocol23.05.2005

Standards and Compatibility Overview for 13.56MHz Systems

---- Target View(Card/Tag View)









Summary• NFC IP-1 is a standard for peer to peer communication.• NFC IP-1 uses its own data exchange protocol defined for the peer to peer

communication• NFC IP-1 is in passive communication mode at 106 kbit/s compliant to ISO

14443-A and MIFARE® communication on the RF interface and during the initialization and selection.

• NFC IP-1 is in passive communication mode at 212, 424 kbit/s compliant to FeliCa communication on the RF interface and during the initialization and selection.

• A contactless smart card can not be NFC IP-1 compliant as it can not support the active communication mode

• ISO 14443-A uses its own transmission protocol as defined in part 4 Transmission protocol

• MIFARE® uses a fixed command set being not compliant to the ISO14443A -4• NFC IP-1 compliant devices can act as a reader/writer for ISO 14443A,

MIFARE® and FeliCaTM (with support of additional SW that implements the ISO 14443-4, MIFARE® and FeliCaTM protocols)

• NFC IP-1 compliant devices can emulate a contactless smart card protocol functionality (ISO 14443-4A, MIFARE® and FeliCaTM) either by software only or by a combined software and hardware approach.

• The differentiation between the communication protocols is indicated by the Sel_res or Pol_res bytes

• DIF(Dual InterFace) card combine a contact card and a contactless card in one chip. Currently the contactless interface is compliant to ISO14443(typeAor typeB) and no DIF with Felica interface

CONFIDENTIAL Division, Author, MMMM dd, yyyy, Reference 19

Documents

NFC vs ISO14443 vs Felica - NFC Development & · PDF fileCONFIDENTIAL Division, Author, MMMM dd, yyyy, Reference Agenda • What’s Mifare • Mifare&ISO14443 • What is Felica •