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nghJ mwpT

capupay; 1. ,uj;jk; kw;Wk; ,uj;j Row;rp 2. ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gp mikg;Gfs; 3. ,dg;ngUf;f mikg;G 4. kugpay; - kuGg; gz;G Fwpj;j mwptpay; 5. Rw;Wr;#oy; 6. kdpj Neha;fs;> jLg;G kw;Wk; kUj;Jtk; 7. guTk; Neha;fs; kw;Wk; guTk; jd;ikaw;w Neha;fs; 8. Rthrpj;jy; 9. Cl;lr;rj;Jk; czT KiwfSk; 10. capupdq;fspd; tifg;ghL 11. nry;

Ntjpapay; 1. jdpkq;fs; kw;Wk; NrHkq;fs; 2. mkpyq;fs;> fhuq;fs; kw;Wk; cg;Gfs; 3. Mf;rp[Ndw;wk; kw;Wk; Mf;]p[d; xLf;fk; 4. jhJf;fs; kw;Wk; cNyhfq;fs; 5. fhHgd;> iel;u[d; kw;Wk; mjd; NrHkq;fs; 6. cuq;fs;> G+r;rpf; nfhy;ypfs;

,aw;gpay; 1. ,ae;jputpay;> gUg;nghUspd; gz;Gfs; 2. ,aw;gpay; msTfs;> juq;fs; kw;Wk; myFfs; 3. tpir> ,af;fk; kw;Wk; Mw;wy; 4. kpd;rhuk; kw;Wk; fhe;jtpay; 5. mZ kw;Wk; mZf;fU ,aw;gpay; 6. ntg;gk;> xsp kw;Wk; xyp 7. xsp kw;Wk; xyp 8. mwptpay; fUtpfs; 9. mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; 10. Njrpa mwptpay; Ma;tfq;fs;


http://tnpscexams.guide/

https://goo.gl/PvICkX





capupay;

1. ,uj;jk; kw;Wk; ,uj;j Row;rp

1. kdpj ,uj;jj;jpd; pH kjpg;G - 7.4

2. kdpj clypy; ,uj;j rptg;gZf;fs; ve;j cWg;gpypUe;J cUthfpd;wd -

vYk;G k[;i[ 3. nts;isaZf;fspd; Kf;fpa nray; - Neha; njhw;wpypUUe;J vjpHf;Fk; rf;jp

4. ve;j cWg;G $Ljy; ,uj;jj;ij Nrkpj;J itj;J ,uj;j gw;whf;Fiwapd;

NghJ ntspapLfpwJ - kz;zPuy; 5. kdpj clypy; Vw;gLk; ,uj;j gw;whf;Fiwia ------- vd;Wk; $WtH -

Ischemia

6. ,uj;jj;jpy; jhJg; nghUl;fspy; cs;s khRf;fs; ve;j cWg;ghy;

ePf;fg;gLfpwJ - rpWePufk;

7. kdpj clypy; ,uj;jk; ciwjYf;F vjpuhfg; nray;gLtJ - n`gupd; 8. xU ,ja Jbg;gpw;F Njitahd Njhuhakhd Neuk; - 0.8 tpdhb

9. ,uj;j gpsh];khtpy; cs;s jz;zPH rjtPjk; vd;d - 90 rjtPjk;

10. ,uj;j mOj;jj;ij mstpLk; fUtpapd; ngaH - ];igf;NkhkndhkPl;lH

(sphygmomanometer)








11. ,jaj; Jbg;G J}z;LjYf;F ,jaj;jpy; gad;gLk; cWg;G - v];.V NehL

12. Flypy; czT nrupf;f ve;j cWg;G %yk; ,uj;jk; cwpQ;rg;gLfpwJ -

Jejunum

13. ,uj;j rptg;gZtpd; MAl;fhyk; - 100 - 120 ehl;fs; 14. kiyg;ghq;fhd gFjpfspy; cs;s kf;fspd; fd;dq;fspy; rptg;G epwk;

fhzg;gLtJ - R.B.C cw;gj;jp mjpfupg;gpdhy;

15. ,uj;jj;ij ,uj;j ehsq;fSs; ,Uf;f Jiz GuptJ - My;Gkpd;

2. ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gp mikg;Gfs;

1. kdpj clypy; cs;s ehskpy;yh Rug;gpfspNyNa kpfg;ngupaJ - ijuha;L

2. `hHNkhd;fis Rug;git - ehskpy;yh Rug;gp

3. ehskpy;yh Rug;gpia gw;wp gbf;Fk; gpuptpw;F -------- vd;W ngaH -

cl;Rug;gpay;(Endocrinology)

4. kdpj clypy; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; Ntjpg;nghUis Rue;J cly; tsHr;rpf;F

euk;G kz;lyj;Jld; Jiz epw;gJ - ehskpy;yh Rug;gpfs;

5. MSikapd; jd;ikia epHzapg;gJ - ehskpy;yh Rug;gp

6. ehskpy;yh Rug;gpfspd; jiyik Rug;gp(Master gland) vdg;gLtJ -

gpl;a+l;lup 7. vYk;G kw;Wk; ,uj;jj;jpy; cs;s fhy;rpa msit ve;j Rug;gp








fl;LgLj;JfpwJ - ghuhijuha;L

8. kw;w Rug;gpfisj; J}z;Lk; Trophic Hormone-fis Rug;gJ - gpl;a+l;lup

9. kdpj clypy; ehsKs;s> ehskpy;yh Rug;gpahf nray;gLk; cWg;G - fizak; 10. MSik `hHNkhd; vd;gJ - ijuhf;]pd;

11. mtru fhyq;fspy; Ruf;Fk; `hHNkhd; - ml;uPdypd;

12. Fight or Flight Hormone vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ - ml;uPdypd; `hHNkhd;

13. fizaj;jpYs;s -------- jpl;LfspypUe;J ,d;Rypd;> FSf;Nfhfhd; Mfpa `hHNkhd;fs; Ruf;fpd;wd. - yhq;fH `hd;

14. rpWePH fopj;jiyf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; `hHNkhd; - thN]hgpu];]pd;

15. kdpj clypy; cs;s ,Utifr; Rug;gpfs; - ehsKs;s> ehskpy;yh Rug;gpfs;

3. ,dg;ngUf;f mikg;G

1. Kjd; Kjypy; tpe;Jit fz;lwpe;J tiue;jtH - Mz;ld; thd;Y}td;`hf; 2. ngz;fspy; Ruf;fg;gLk; `hHNkhd; - <];l;Nuh[d;

3. Mz;fspy; Ruf;fg;gLk; `hHNkhd; - Mz;l;Nuh[d;








4. khjtplha; epiyapd; Kbtpy; fUg;igapy; fhHg]; Y}l;bakhdJ xU

tLthf fhzg;gLfpwJ. me;j mikg;gpd; ngaH - fhHg;g]; My;gpf;fd;];

5. tpe;Jit Nrkpf;Fk; tq;fpapy; tpe;Jit Nrkpf;f jputkhf gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ - iel;u[d; 6. tpyq;Ffspy;> ve;j ghY}l;b tpyq;F Kl;ilapLk; jpwDilaJ - gpshl;bg];

7. kpf nkJthf efUk; jpwDila ghY}l;b - gpf; kp];U 8. FNshdpq; Kiwapy; Kjd; Kjypy; cUthf;fg;gl;l capH - lhyp nrk;kwpahL

9. FNshdpq; Kiwapy; lhypia cUthf;fpatH - mad;tpy;kl;

10. Jupj gpwg;G `hHNkhd; vdg;gLtJ - Mf;]pNlhrpd; 11. clypd; ntg;g epiyia guhkupf;f cjTk; `hHNkhd; - ijuhf;]pd;

12. tpe;J nry;Yk;> mz;l nry;Yk; ,ize;J fUKl;ilia cUthf;Fk;

epfo;T - fUTWjy; 13. bg;shapL jd;ikapy; cs;s nry; ------- vdg;gLk; - fUKl;il

14. Mz;fSf;fhd epiyahd mWit rpfpr;ir fUj;jil Kiw - thrf;lkp

15. ngz;fSf;fhd epiyahd mWit rpfpr;ir fUj;jil Kiw - ba+ngf;lkp








4. kugpay; - kuGg; gz;G Fwpj;j mwptpay;

1. DNA tpy; ,uz;L ,iofs; (rq;fpypfs;) cs;sd vdf; fz;lwpe;jtH -

thl;rd; kw;Wk; fpupf; 2. kdpjdpy; vj;jid kuGf; Fiwghl;L Neha;fs; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sd -

300f;Fk; mjpfkhd Neha;fs;

3. kdpjdpy; kuGg; gz;Gfisg; gw;wp mwpa cjTtJ - re;jjp topj; njhlH 4. elkhLk; kuGg; nghUs; vdg;gLtJ - buhd;];Nghrhd;fs;

5. FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; 4 kw;Wk; 5 (NfupNahilg;gpq;) FNuhNkhNrhk; njhFg;gpy;

ve;jj; njhFjpapy; mike;Js;sd - B njhFjp

6. Kjd; Kjypy; [Pid FNshdpq; nra;J ngUf;fpatHfs; - n`HgHl; NgaH kw;Wk; ];Nld;yp Nfh`d;

7. kuGg; nghwpapaypy; super bugs vd Fwpg;gplg;gLk; capupfs; - kuG

nghwpapay; ghf;Bupaq;fs;

8. rpf;fpy; nry; (fjpH mupths;) ,uj;jr; Nrhif vjdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ - clw;FNuhNkhNrhkpy; cs;s [Pd; jpBH khw;w tpisthy;

9. kdpjdpy; clw;FNuhNkhNrhkpy; fhzg;gLk; Xq;F [Pdpdhy; Vw;gLk; Neha; - mz;bq;l;ld; nfhupah

10. ,bNahfpuhk; vd;why; vd;d - FNuhNkhNrhk;fisf; Fwpf;Fk; glk;

11. my;gpdprj;jpw;fhd fhuzk; - nkyhdpd; ,y;yhik








12. ve;jg; GNuhNfupahl;by; mjpf msT kugpay; Nrhjidfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ - v];nrHrpah Nfhiy

13. kdpjdpy;> FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; 6 Kjy; 12 tiu> ve;j FNuhNkhNrhk;

njhFjpapy; cs;sd - C njhFjp

14. X FNuhNkhNrhk; fhzg;gLk; FNuhNkhNrhk; njhFjp - njhFjp - C

15. Y FNuhNkhNrhk; fhzg;gLk; FNuhNkhNrhk; njhFjp - njhFjp - Y

5. Rw;Wr;#oy;

1. kf;fs;njhifg; ngUf;f tsHr;rp tPjk; - Mz;Lf;F 90 kpy;ypad;

2. jw;NghJ jpBnud mjpfupj;jpUf;Fk; kf;fs;njhif mjpfupg;G ------- vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ - kf;fs;njhifg; ngUf;fk; my;yJ kf;fs;njhif

ntbFz;L my;yJ kf;fs;njhif nghwp 3. cyfshtpa ntg;g caHtpw;Ff; fhuzk; - ,aw;iff;F vjpuhd kdpjr;

nray;ghLfs;

4. ngUk;ghd;ikahff; fhzg;gLk; fz;zhb tPL thA - fhHgd; - il - Mf;i]L

5. XNrhd; glyj;ij Ntfkhf mopf;Fk; thAf;fs; - FNshNuh Gs+Nuh fhHgd;fs; kw;Wk; i`l;Nuh FNshNuh Gs+Nuh fhHgd;fs;

6. rpwpa msT Ntjpa fopTfisf; nfhz;l mjpf msT fopT ePiuf; ifahs ------ Kiw rpwe;jJ - Nkw;gug;gpy; %bitj;jy;








7. ntg;gf;fhLfspy; kuq;fspd; kfue;jr; NrHf;iff;F Kf;fpakhfg; gad;gLtJ - MHfpl; NjdPf;fs; 8. jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffspd; capupay; nrhHf;fkhf fUjg;gLtJ -

kd;dhHtisFlh capupay; g+q;fh

9. xU tUlj;jpw;Fg; g+kpf;F tUk; #upa Mw;wy; msT - 5x1020 fpNyh

fNyhupfs;

10. g+kpapy; cs;s ePupd;> ed;dPH rjtPjk; - 3%

11. xypia msf;f gad;gLk; myF - nlrpgy;

12. xU kdpjd; rhjhuzkhf NgRk; NghJ Vw;gLk; xypr; nrwpT - 60 db

13. FbePiu J}a;ikg;gLj;Jk; Kiw - FNshupNdrd; 14. ijuha;L Rug;gpfs; msTf;F mjpfkhf Ntiy nra;jhy; ------ cz;lhFk; -

vf;Nr/g;jhy;kpf; fha;lH

15. ntwpeha;f;fbf;F (Nugp];) jLg;g+rpiaf; fz;lwpe;jtH - Y}apgh];baH

6. kdpj Neha;fs;> jLg;G kw;Wk; kUj;Jtk;

1. fhyuh Neha; ---------- ghf;Bupahtpdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ - tpg;upNa fhyNu

2. HIV-I fz;lwpe;jtH - Yf; khz;Nlf;dpaH kw;Wk; uhgHl; fhNyh








3. vapl;]; Nehia fz;lwpAk; Nrhjid - viyrh

4. viyrh Nrhjidf;F gpwF va;l;]; Nehia cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Nrhjid -

nt];ld;gpsl; Nrhjid 5. mk;ikNeha;f;F jLg;g+rpiaf; fz;lwpe;jtH - vl;tHL n[d;dH 6. Gw;WNehia cz;lhf;Fk; itu]; - Md;Nfhn[dpf; itu];

7. il/gha;L fha;r;rYf;F gad;gLk; kUe;J - FNshNuhikrpbd; 8. fhr Neha;f;F rpwe;j capH vjpup - ];l;nug;Nlhikrpd;

9. itl;lkpd; D Fiwthy; ------- Neha; Vw;gLfpwJ - upf;nfl;];

10. fhw;wpd; %yk; guTk; Neha; - fhrNeha;

11. b/g;jPupahthy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; cWg;G - njhz;il

12. ------- itl;lkpd; gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; ];fHtp Neha; Vw;gLfpwJ -

itl;lkpd; C

13. n`g;gilb]; vd;w Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; cWg;G - fy;yPuy;

14. Kd;fOj;Jf; foiy Neha; ------- Fiwthy; Vw;gLfpwJ - mNahbd; 15. kNyupah guTtjw;F fhuzkhd nfhR - md/gpy]; nfhR (ngz;)








7. guTk; Neha;fs; kw;Wk; guTk; jd;ikaw;w Neha;fs;

1. gpNstp itu]hy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gLk; Neha; - nlq;F

2. Gw;Wf; fl;b (m) Nfd;riu cUthf;f J}z;Lk; itu];fs; - Md;Nfhn[dpf;

itu];fs; 3. ijuhf;]pd; gw;whf;Fiwapdhy;> ngupatHfSf;F Njhd;Wk; Neha; - kpf;]pbkh 4. gpNsf; Neha; ------- %yk; guTfpwJ - vyp 5. itu]; clypy; jhf;Fk; NghJ Njhd;Wk; Kjy; itu]; vjpHg;G nghUs; -

,z;lHnguhd;

6. ghf;Bupahthy; cz;lhFk; Neha; - ,uz[d;dp 7. g+Q;irfshy; tuf;$ba Neha; - glH jhkiu

8. ePupd; %yk; guTk; Neha; - ilgha;L> kNyupah> fhyuh 9. vypapd; rpWePH %yk; --------- Neha; guTfpwJ - nyg;Nlh];igNuhrp];

10. --------- %yk; kdpjHfspilNa Nugp]; Neha; guTfpwJ - eha;

11. kdpjHfSf;F Me;j;uhf;]; Neha; ----- %yk; guTfpwJ - tpyq;Ffspd; ,iwr;rp

12. kuhRk];> Fth\pNahfH Nghd;w Neha;fs; --------- Fiwghl;bdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ - Gujk;








13. ePhpopT Neha;> gNahupah> rpWePuf nraypog;G> fNuhdup ,ja Neha;fs;

Nghd;wit ------------- Neha;fshFk; - guTk; jd;ikaw;w

14. kugpay; rhHe;j guk;giu Neha; -------- MFk; - my;gpdprk; 15. kiwKfkhf Neha; guTk; Kiw - Nehahsp gad;gLj;Jk; cilikfs;

8. Rthrpj;jy;

1. Rthrpj;jy; vj;jid tifg;gLk; - 2 2. Rthrpj;jypd; tiffs; ahit - fhw;Wr; Rthrk;> fhw;wpy;yhr;

Rthrk;(nehjpj;jy;)

3. xspr;NrHf;if> Rthrpj;jy; kw;Wk; ePuhtpg; Nghf;F Mfpa %d;W nray;fisAk; epfo;j;Jk; jhtu cWg;G - ,iy

4. Rthrpj;jypy; FSf;Nfh]; vd;gJ - 6 fhHgd; nfhz;l NrHkk;.

5. fhw;wpy;yh Rthrj;jpd; kw;nwhU ngaH - nehjpj;jy; 6. <];l;bd; fhw;wpyh Rthrj;jpdhy; cz;lhtJ - vj;jdhy;

7. Mf;rp[idg; gad;gLj;jp ];lhHr;ir KOikahf rpijj;J Mw;wiyg; ngWk;

Kiw - fhw;Ws;s Rthrk;

8. fhw;wpy;yh #o;epiyapy; xU rpy vspa jhtuq;fSk; ghf;Bupaq;fSk;

czTg; nghUis KOikahf rpijf;fhky; xU gFjpia kl;Lk; rpijj;J Mw;wiy ngWk; Kiw - fhw;wpy;yh Rthrk; v.fh g+Q;ir> ghf;Bupah








9. fhw;wpyh Rthrj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L - ghy; japuhFk; epfo;T

10. gfy; Neuj;jpy; ,iyfis NkYk; fPOk; ,af;Fk; jhtuk; - je;jpj; jhtuk;

11. fiuahj czTg; nghUs; fiuAk; vspa nghUshf khw;wg;gLk; epfo;r;rp -

nrupj;jy;

12. xspr;NrHf;iff;Fj; NjitahdJ - gRq;fzpfk; 13. xspr;NrHf;iff;F #upa xsp Njit vd;gjid ep&gpf;Fk; Nrhjid - Nfdhq;fpd; xspj;jpiu Nrhjid

14. ckpo;ePupy; cs;s nehjpapd; ngaH - laypd;

15. xspr;NrHf;iff;F fhHgd; - il - Mf;i]L Njit vd;gjid ep&gpf;Fk; Nrhjid - Nkhypd; miu ,iy Nrhjid

9. Cl;lr;rj;Jk; czT KiwfSk;

1. cztpYs;s> clYf;Fj; Njitahd rj;Jfis ----------- vdf; $WfpNwhk;. -

Cl;lr;rj;Jfs;

2. clYf;F Mw;wiy mspg;gJ vt;tif Cl;lrj;Jfs; - fhHNghi`l;Nul;Lfs;> nfhOg;Gfs;

3. clypd; tsHr;rpf;F cjTtJ ---------- MFk; - Gujq;fs; 4. ----------- clYf;F czitf; flj;JfpwJ kw;Wk; cly; ntg;gj;ij








xOq;FgLj;JfpWJ. - ePH

5. clypay; nray;fis xOq;FgLj;JtJ --------- MFk; - itl;lkpd;fs;

6. ehk; cz;Zk; cztpy; Cl;lr;rj;Jf; Fiwtjhy; Vw;gLk; Neha;> ---------- vdg;gLk;. - Fiwghl;L Neha;

7. jHg;g+rzpapy; cs;s ePupd; msT - 91%

8. ghypy; cs;s ePupd; msT - 87%

9. clypaf;fr; nray;fis xOq;FgLj;JtJ - jhJ cg;Gfs;

10. fha;fwpfs;> goq;fis eWf;fpa gpd; fOtpdhy;> mtw;wpYs;s -------- rj;J ,of;fg;gLfpwJ. - itl;lkpd;

11. Kl;ilapy; cs;s ePupd; msT - 73%

12. fhshdpy; cs;s ePupd; msT - 95%

13. midj;J Cl;lr;rj;JfSk; rupahd tpfpjj;jpy; fye;Js;s czT ----------- MFk; - ruptpfpj czT

14. cUisf;fpoq;fpy; cs;s ePupd; msT - 75%

15. nts;supf;fhapy; cs;s ePupd; msT - 95%

1. mNahbd; Fiwghl;lhy; cz;lhFk; Neha; - Kd;fOj;Jf; foiy

2. jdf;Fj; Njitahd czitj; jhNd jahupj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; ------------- MFk;. - jw;rhHG Cl;l Kiw








3. czT cl;nfhs;Sk; KiwNa ------------- MFk;. - czt+l;lk;

4. czt+l;lj;jpd; tiffs; ahit - 1. jw;rhHG Cl;l Kiw> 2. gpw rhHG

Cl;l Kiw> 3. rpwg;G tif czt+l;lk; 5. jw;rhHG Cl;l Kiwf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L - gRe;jhtuq;fs;> a+f;spdh 6. czt+l;lk; vd;gJ - czit cl;nfhs;Sjy;> nrupj;jy;> cl;fpufpj;jy;>

jd;kakhf;Fjy; vdg; gy epiyfis cilaJ.

7. xl;Lz;zp Cl;lKiwf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L - f];f;a+l;lh (Cuscuta)

8. f];f;a+l;lhtpd; mwptpay; ngaH - f];f;a+l;lh up/nsf;]h

9. rhWz;zp czt+l;lj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L - fhshd;

10. mf xl;Lz;zpf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L - cUisg;GO 11. jhNd czitj; jahupf;f ,ayhjjhy;> czTf;fhfg; gpw capupdq;fisr;

rhHe;J tho;jy; ---------- MFk;. - gpw rhHG Cl;l Kiw

12. jhtuq;fis kl;Lk; cz;gJ - jhtu cz;zp (v.fh ML> khL)

13. tpyq;Ffis kl;Lk; cz;gJ - khkpr cz;zp (Carnivore) (v.fh. Gyp)

14. jhtuq;fisAk; tpyq;FfisAk; cz;gJ - midj;J

cz;zp (Omnivore) (v.fh. fhfk;.)

15. Guj Fiwghl;bdhy; cz;lhFk; Neha;fs; - Fth\pahf;fH> kuh];k];








10. capupdq;fspd; tifg;ghL

1. capdq;fis ,dk; fz;lwpjy;> ngaupLjy; kw;Wk; tifg;gLj;Jjy;

Mfpatw;Wld; njhlHGila capupaypd; gpupT ------ vdg;gLk;. -

tifg;ghl;bay;(Taxonomy)

2. tifghl;baypd; je;ij vd;W miof;fg;gLgtH ahH - fNuhy];

ypd;Nda]; (Carolus Linnaeus)

3. tifghl;baypd; mbg;gil myF ------ MFk;. - rpw;wpdk; 4. Fwpg;gpl;l xU FOkj;jpd; gupzhk tuyhW ------- vdg;gLk;. - /igNyhn[dp

5. ,uz;Lyf tifg;ghl;L Kiwia mwpKfg;ggLj;jpatH ahH - fNuhy]; ypd;Nda];

6. fNuhy]; ypd;Nda]; mwpKfg;gLj;jpa ,uz;Lyf tifg;ghLfs; ahit - 1. jhtu cyfk;> 2. tpyq;F cyfk;

7. Ie;Jyf tifg;ghl;L Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpatH ahH - R.H tpl;Nlf;fH

8. jhtutpaypd; je;ij vd;W miof;fg;gLgtH - jpNahgpuh];ly;

9. Systematics vd;w ,e;j nrhy;iy Kjd; Kjypy; gad;gLj;jpatH ahH -

fNuhy]; ypd;Nda]; 10. MAHNtj kUj;Jtj;jpd; je;ij vd;W miof;fg;gl;l ,e;jpa kUj;JtH - rhuf;

11. rpw;wpdk; vd;w nrhy;iy Kjd; Kjypy; gad;gLj;jpatH - [hd; Nu








12. Nkk;ghL milahj cl;fUitf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; capupdq;fs; --------- MFk;.

- GNuhNfupahl;

13. MQ;rpNah];ngHkpd; gpupTfs; ahit - 1. xUtpj;jpiyj; jhtuk; 2. ,U tpj;jpiyj; jhtuk; 14. kUj;Jtj;jpd; je;ij vd miof;fg;gl;ltH ---------- MthH. - `pg;NghfpNul;l];

15. jhtuq;fisg; gw;wpg; gbg;gJ -------- vdg;gLk; - jhtutpay;

11. nry;

1. capupdj;jpd; kpfr;rpwpa nray;gLk; myF - nry;fs;

2. xU nry; capupdf; $l;lq;fis ---------- vd;W miof;fpNwhk; - GNuhNfupNahl;Lfs;

3. GNuhNfupNahl;lh vd;w fpNuf;f nrhy;ypd; nghUs; - Muk;gepiy cl;fU

4. GNuhNfupNahl;LfSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; - ghf;Bupah> ePyg;gRk;ghrpfs;

5. Nfhy;if cWg;G Kjd; Kjypy; ahuhy; tptupf;fg;gl;lJ - fhkpy;Nyh fhy;[p

6. iyNrhk;fs; nghJthfr; nry;ypd; ---------- my;yJ -------------

vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wd. - jw;nfhiyg;igfs;> nrupf;Fk; igfs;

7. nry;ypd; Mw;wy; epiyaq;fs; vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ - ikl;Nlhfhz;l;upaq;fs;








8. nry;ypy; fhzg;gLk; xl;Lnkhj;j mikg;Ng ---------- vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ -

GNuhl;Nlhgpshrk;

9. fpUkpfis mopf;Fk; gzpapy; <LgLk; nry; Ez;ZWg;G - iyNrhNrhk; 10. mopf;Fk; giltPuHfs;> Jg;GuthsHfs;> nry;NkyhsHfs; vd;W miof;fg;gLk; nry; Ez;ZWg;G - iyNrhNrhk;fs;

11. irl;Nlhgpshrk; gFg;giltJ --------- vdg;gLk; - irl;Nlhifd]p]; 12. nry;iy fz;lwpe;J mjw;F ngaupl;ltH - uhgHl; `Pf;

13. nry;fis vjd; cjtpf;nfhz;L fhzKbAk; - Ez;Nzhf;fp (Microscope)

14. nry;RtH ----------- My; MdJ - nry;YNyh];> ypf;dpd;

15. kpfTk; ePskhd nry; - euk;G nry;

Ntjpapay;

1. jdpkq;fs; kw;Wk; NrHkq;fs;

1. ,Jtiuapy; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;s jdpkq;fspd; vz;zpf;if - 118 2. Gtpapy; kpf mjpfstpy; cs;s jdpkk; - Mf;]p[d;

3. miw ntg;gepiyapy; ePHkkhf cs;s cNyhfk; - nkHFup








4. miw ntg;gepiyapy; ePHkkhf cs;s mNyhfk; - GNuhkpd;

5. mz;lk; kw;Wk; tpz;kPd;fspy; cs;s Kf;fpakhd jdpkq;fs; - i`l;u[d;>

`Pypak; 6. mjpf cUFepiy nfhz;l cNyhfk; - lq;];ld; 7. Kjd;Kjypy; jdpkq;fis cNyhfq;fs; kw;Wk; mNyhfq;fs; vd

tifg;gLj;jpatH - ytha;rpaH 8. Mfha tpkhdrhjdq;fs; jahupf;fg; gad;gLk; cNyhfk; - ba+uhYkpd;

9. ,Uk;ig fhy;tidrpq; nra;a gad;gLk; cNyhfk; - rpq;f;

10. Nrhbak; FNshiuL> fhy;rpak; FNshiuL> nkf;dPrpak; FNshiuL

Nghd;wit vjw;fhd cjhuzk; - madpr; NrHkq;fs; 11. madpr; NrHkq;fspd; nghJthd Fzk; xd;W - ePupy; vspjpy; fiuAk;

12. ngUk;ghyhd rfgpizg;Gr; NrHkq;fs; ve;epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;wd -

thAf;fshfNth> jputq;fshfNth cs;sd. 13. rfgpizg;Gr; NrHkq;fs; vjpy; ed;F fiuAk; - ngd;rPd;> fhHgd; nll;uh

FNshiuL> <jH.

14. Nrhg;G jahupf;Fk; njhopypy; mjpfk; gad;gLk; NrHkk; vJ - Nrhbak; i`l;uhf;i]L

15. jdpj;j epiyapYk; NrHkq;fshf cs;s mNyhfq;fs; - iel;u[d;> i`l;u[d;> fhHgd; kw;Wk; ry;gH.








2. mkpyq;fs;> fhuq;fs; kw;Wk; cg;Gfs;

1. mrpl]; vd;w ,yj;jPd; nkhopr;nrhy;ypd; nghUs; - mkpyk;

2. jhtuq;fspypUe;Jk; tpyq;FfspypUe;Jk; ngwg;gLk; mkpyq;fs; -------

vdg;gLk;. - fupk mkpyq;fs; 3. jhJ nghUs;fspypUe;J ngwg;gLk; mkpyq;fs; ------- vdg;gLk;. - fdpk mkpyq;fs; 4. mkpyq;fs; ePupy; fiuf;fg;gLk; NghJ --------- madpfisf; nfhLf;fpwJ - i`l;u[d;

5. fhuq;fs; ePUld; NrUk;NghJ -------- madpfisf; nfhLf;fpwJ. - i`l;uhf;i]L 6. ePupy; fiuAk; fhuq;fSf;F ---------------- vd;W ngaH - my;fyp];

7. Ntjpg;nghUl;fspd; murd; vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ - fe;jf mkpyk; 8. cyfpy; mjpf typik kpf;f mkpyk; vJ - /GSNuh ry;gpa+upf; mkpyk;

(HFSO3)

9. mkpy ePf;fp vdg;gLtJ - nkf;dPrpak; i`l;uhf;i]L

10. ePy ypl;ki] rptg;ghf khw;WtJ - mkpyk;

11. rptg;G ypl;ki] ePy epwkhf khw;WtJ - fhuk;

12. vWk;G fbf;Fk;NghJ> ek; clk;gpDs; nrYj;jg;gLtJ - ghHkpf; mkpyk;








13. /ngHu]; ry;Ngl; cg;gpd; epwk; - ,sk; gr;ir

14. KfUk; cg;G (Smelling salts) vd;gJ - mk;Nkhdpak; fhHgNdl;

15. nghJthf xU mkpyKk; fhuKk; eLepiyahf;fy; tpidapy; <LgLk;NghJ cUthFk; madpr; NrHkq;fs; - cg;G








Mq;fpyk; - jkpo;; mfuhjp

,e;j Mq;fpy – jkpo; mfuhjp MdJ> ePq;fs; Mq;fpy thHj;ijfisj; NjLk; NghJ

kl;Lk; cq;fSf;F gad;gLk; xU rhjhuz mg;spNfrdhf ,y;yhky;> gonkhopfs;> nghJmwpT> jpwdha;T> jpUf;Fws;> Mj;jpr;#b> vd gytpj jfty;fis cq;fSf;F

,ytrkhf mspf;fpwJ. ,e;j ,ytr mg;spNfrid lTd;NyhL nra;a fPo;fz;l ypq;if fpspf; nra;aTk;.

https://goo.gl/XPguXD




https://goo.gl/XPguXD





3. Mf;rp[Ndw;wk; kw;Wk; Mf;]p[d; xLf;fk;

1. xU Ntjptpidapy; Mf;]p[d; NrHf;fg;gLjNyh i`l;u[d; ePf;fg;gLjNyh

vyf;l;uhd;fs; ePf;fg;gLjNyh epfOk;NghJ me;j tpid --------- vdg;gLfpwJ. - Mf;]p[Ndw;wk;

2. mkpyNkw;wg;gl;l nghl;lhrpak; ilFNuhNkl; rpwe;j --------- MFk; - Mf;]p[Ndw;wp 3. xU jdpkk; vyf;l;uhidg; ngWkhapd; mJ - vjpHkiw Mf;rp[Ndw;wk; 4. Ntjptpidfspy; vyf;l;uhd;fis ,of;Fk; nghUl;fs; ------- MFk; - xLf;Fk;

nghUl;fs; my;yJ xLf;fpfs;

5. Mf;rp[id NrHj;jy; my;yJ i`l;u[id ePf;fy; - Mf;rp[Ndw;wk; 6. i`l;u[id NrHj;jy; my;yJ Mf;rp[id ePf;fy; - xLf;fk;

7. xU %yf;$wpy;> gpw vy;yh mZf;fSk; madpfshf ntspNawpa gpd; mZtpd; kPJs;s vQ;rpa kpd;D}l;lNk jdpkj;jpd; ------ MFk;. -Mf;rp[Ndw;w vz;

8. vy;yh NrHkq;fspYk; /g;Nshupdpd; Mf;rp[Ndw;w vz; - -1

9. nghJthf vy;yh NrHkq;fspYk;> i`l;u[dpd; Mf;rp[Ndw;w vz; - +1

10. Cr2O72-apy; fhZk; FNuhkpaj;jpd; Mf;rp[Ndw;w vz; - +6

11. xU Ntjptpidapy; xU jdpkj;jpd; Mf;rp[Ndw;w vz; mjpfupg;gJ -

Mf;]p[Ndw;wk;








12. xU Ntjptpidapy; xU jdpkj;jpd; Mf;rp[Ndw;w vz; FiwtJ -

Mf;]p[d; xLf;fk;

13. REDOX vd;gjd; tpsf;fk; - Mf;rprNdw;w kw;Wk; xLf;fk; (Oxidation -

Reduction)

14. H2O2, BaO2, Na2O2 Nghd;w ngHMf;irLfspy; Mf;rp[dpd; Mf;rp[Ndw;w

vz; - -1

15. cNyhf i`l;iuLfspy; i`l;u[dpd; Mf;rp[Ndw;w vz; - -1

4. jhJf;fs; kw;Wk; cNyhfq;fs;

1. ve;j xU Fwpg;gpl;l fdpkj;jpy; ,Ue;J NrHkepiyapy; cNyhfk;> vspjhf yhgfukhd Kiwapy;> ngUksT gpupj;njLf;f Kbe;jhy; me;j fdpkk; -----------

vdg;gLk;. - jhJ

2. khf;dirl;> lhyikl;> fhHdiyl;> vg;rk; cg;G Nghd;wit vjd; jhJf;fs; - kf;dPrpak;

3. Nkf;dill; N`kill;> rpl;iul;> ypNkhill;> ,Uk;G fe;jff;fy; Mfpad vjd; jhJf;fs; - ,Uk;G

4. kpfTk; Nyrhd cNyhfk; ----- MFk; - ypj;jpak;

5. kpfTk; fdkhd cNyhfk; vJ - M];kpak;

6. X fjpHfs; CLUthj cNyhfk; ------ MFk; - fhuPak;

7. jhtuq;fspd; gr;iraj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; cNyhfk; - nkf;dPrpak;








8. jq;f eiffspy; KDM 916 vd;W Fwpf;fg;gl;L ,Ug;gjpy; KDM vd;gJ -

fhl;kpak;

9. &ily;> ,y;kill; Mfpait vjd; jhJf;fs; - ill;lhdpak; 10. khyifl;> jhkpuigiul;> fhg;gH fpshd;];> f;a+g;iul; Mfpait vjd; jhJf;fs; - jhkpuk;

11. jhJTld; cs;s khRfis (fhq;F) cUfpLk; NrHkkhf khw;wp mij ePf;fpl jhJTld; NrHf;Fk; nghUs; - ,sf;fp 12. kpfTk; Nyrhd jdpkk; vJ - `Pypak;

13. ePHk epiyapYs;s cNyhfk; vJ - ghjurk;

14. kpd;flj;Jk; jpwd; mjpfk; nfhz;l cNyhfk; - nts;sp 15. kpd;rhuf; fk;gpahf mjpfk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; cNyhfk; - jhkpuk;

5. fhHgd;> iel;u[d; kw;Wk; mjd; NrHkq;fs;

1. fhHgdpd; mZ vz; vj;jid - 6

2. fhHgdpd; FwpaPL -------- MFk; - C

3. fhHgdpd; mZepiw vj;jid - 12








4. fhHgd; vj;jid ,izjpwid cilaJ - 4

5. fhHgd; fhw;wpYs;s Mf;]p[Dld; tpidGupe;J -------- Mf khWfpwJ -

fhHgd; - il - Mf;i]L 6. fhHgdpd; %d;W tpjkhd GwNtw;Wik tbtq;fs; ahit - gbftbtk; cs;sit (ituk;> fpuhigl;L)> gbftbtk; mw;wit (epyf;fup> kuf;fup)> /Gy;ypuPd;

7. fhHgdpd; NrHkq;fisg; gw;wp tptupf;Fk; Ntjpapay; ----------- MFk; - fupk Ntjpapay;

8. fhHgNdhL i`l;u[d; Nruf; fpilg;gJ --------- MFk; - i`l;Nuh fhHgd;

9. iel;u[dpd; mZ vz; vj;jid - 7

10. iel;u[dpd; FwpaPL -------- MFk; - N

11. tspkz;lyj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; iel;u[dpd; rjtPjk; - 78.1%

12. rpupg;g+l;Lk; thA vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ vJ - iel;u]; Mf;i]L

13. iel;u[Dk; Mf;]p[Dk; Nruf;fpilg;gJ - iel;upf; Mf;i]L

14. jpz;k iel;u[dpd; ,U GwNtw;Wik tbtq;fs; - My;gh> gPl;lh iel;u[d; 15. iel;u[Dk;> i`l;u[Dk; NrHe;J mk;Nkhdpah cUthFk; nray; Kiw ------------ MFk;. - N`gH nray;Kiw








6. cuq;fs;> G+r;rpf; nfhy;ypfs;

1. ,aw;if cuk; vd;gJ - fupkg; nghUs;

2. jhtuq;fspd; tsHr;rp kw;Wk; ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpw;Fk; ,d;wpaikahj jdpkq;fs;

vj;jid - 16 3. jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;Ff; fopTfis tpiutpy; rpijg;gjw;fhf kz;GOf;fisg; gad;gLj;jpj; jahupf;fg;gLk; cuk; - kz;GO njhOcuk; my;yJ kz;GO ,aw;if cuk; 4. gRe;jhs; cuk; vd;gJ - rzy; > nfhopQ;rp nfhz;L jahupf;fg;gLtJ

5. capup cuq;fspd; Mjhuk; -------------------------- MFk; - ghf;Bupah> ePygRk;ghrp> g+Q;irfs; 6. iel;u[dpd; cuq;fSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L - a+upah> mk;Nkhdpak; ry;/Ngl;>

mk;Nkhdpak; iel;Nul; Nghd;wit.

7. gh];gu]; cuq;fSf;F (fdpr; rj;Jf;fs;) vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; - jdp #g;gHgh];Ngl;> bupg;gps; #g;gH gh];Ngl;

8. nghl;lhrpa cuq;fSf;F (rhk;gy; rj;Jf;fs;) vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; - nghl;lhrpak;

iel;Nul;> nghl;lhrpak; FNshiuL. 9. fyg;G cuq;fSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L - iel;Nuh gh];Ngl;> mk;Nkhdpak;

gh];Ngl;> il-mk;Nkhdpak;-gh];Ngl; 10. g+r;rpfisf; nfhy;yg; gad;gLk; Ntjpg;nghUs;fs; ---------- vdg;gLk; - g+r;rpf;nfhy;ypfs;








11. g+r;rpf;nfhy;ypfSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; - D.D.T (il FNshNuh il gPidy;

l;iu FNshNuh <j;Njd;)> khyj;jpahd;

12. g+Q;irfis mopf;f cjTgit - NghHlhf;]; fyit 13. vypf;nfhy;ypfSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; - Jj;jehf gh];Ngl;> MHrdpf;

14. Njitaw;w nrbfis mopf;f cjTgit - fisf;nfhy;ypfs;

15. fisf;nfhy;ypfSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L - 2>4-D (2> 4 - il FNshNuh gPdhf;]p

mrpl;bf; mkpyk;)

,aw;gpay;

1. ,ae;jputpay;> gUg;nghUspd; gz;Gfs;

1. njhlf;f jpirNtfk; mspf;fg;gLk; NghJ GtpaPHg;G tpirahYk; fhw;Wj; jilahYk; jd;Dila ghijapy; ,aq;Fk; ve;jnthU nghUSk; ---------- vdg;gLk;. - vwpnghUs; 2. vupnghUspd; ghij XH ----------- MFk;. - gutisak;

3. Nfhzj; jpirNtfj;jpd; myF - Nubad; / tpdhb

4. ghuh#l; jpwf;fhj epiyapy; thdj;jpy; Fjpg;gtupd; Kw;W jpir Ntfk; vd;d

- 200 fp.kP

5. fUik epw nghUl;fs; vy;yh epwq;fisAk; ----------- - cl;ftUk;








6. vupnghUspd; ghij XH ------- MFk;. - gutisak;

7. nghUnshd;W khwhj jpir Ntfj;jpy; tl;lg;ghijapy; ,aq;fpdhy; mJ -------

-- vdg;gLk;. - tl;l ,af;fk; 8. gpsh];khtpypUe;J ,uj;j nry;fis gpupj;njLf;f> rHf;fiu fopTg; ghfpypUe;J gpupj;njLf;f Nghd;wtw;wpy; -------------- gad;gLfpwJ - ika tpyf;F tpir

9. vQ;rpd;fspd; Ntfq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j gad;gLj;JtJ - thl;ftHdH 10. nfg;shpd; %d;whk; tpjp ---------- vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ -

Rw;Wf;fhyq;fspd; tpjp

11. ePuhtp ,d;[pid fz;L gpbj;jtH ahH - N[k;];thl;

12. %yf;$W vy;iyapd; tPr;R - 10-8 cm.

13. J}a ePUf;Fk; J}a fz;zhbf;Fk; ,ilNaahd njhLNfhzk; - θ = 0°

14. jputk; ghAk; tPjj;ij fzf;fpLk; ntd;Rup kPl;lH fUtpapy; gad;gLk; jj;Jtk; - ngHndsypapd; Njw;wk;

15. jPHe;J tplhj Mw;wy; %yk; vJ - #upad;

2. ,aw;gpay; msTfs;> juq;fs; kw;Wk; myFfs;

1. Ntiyia msf;f cjTk; tha;g;ghL vd;d - tpir X efu;e;j njhiyT

2. nghUspd; fl;Lkhd myF ---- MFk; - mZ








3. Ntiyapd; myF vd;d - [_y;

4. 1 Ftpz;lhy; vd;gJ - 100 fp.fp

5. jpl;l myF vd;gJ - SI Kiw

6. mb> gTz;L> tpehb vd;gJ - FPS Kiw

7. mOj;jj;ij mstplg; gad;gLk; tha;ghL - tpir/gug;G

8. kpd;jilia msf;f cjTk; myF - Xk;

9. fd mstpd; myF - m3

10. msTNfhypd; mstPLfis nrq;Fj;jhfg; ghu;f;fhjjhy; Njhd;Wk; Fiw - ,lkhWNjhw;wg;gpio

11. tiug;glj;jhs; Kiwapy; fz;lwptJ - xOq;fw;w nghUspd; gug;G

12. xspr;nrwptpid msf;f gad;gLk; myF kw;Wk; mjd; FwpaPL - Nfz;nlyh

(cd)

13. kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpid msf;f gad;gLk; myF - Mk;gpau; (A)

14. ntg;gepiyia msf;f gad;gLk; myF - nfy;tpd; (k)

15. xU Fjpiuj;jpwd; vd;gJ - 746 thl;








3. tpir> ,af;fk; kw;Wk; Mw;wy;

1. ntg;gk; xU tif Mw;wy; vd;gijf; fz;Lgpbj;jtH - N[k;]; [Py;

2. xU nghUspd; Xa;TepiyiaNah my;yJ ,af;f epiyiaNah khw;Wfpd;w

my;yJ khw;w Kaw;rpf;fpd;w nray; --------------- vdg;gLk; - tpir 3. tpir xU -------- msT MFk; - ntf;lH

4. tpirapd; S.I myF vd;d - epa+l;ld;

5. xU nghUspd; KLf;fj;jpw;Ff; fhuzk; ............ - rkd; nra;ag;glhj tpir

6. ce;jkhWghl;L tPjj;jpw;Fr; rkkhd ,aw;gpay; msT - tpir

7. Gtpg;gug;gpy; 50 fp.fp epiwAs;s kdpjdpd; vil - 490 N

8. Xa;T epiyapYs;s fdkhd nghUspd; ce;jk; - Rop

9. kpd;fyj;jpy; ve;j Mw;wy; kpd; Mw;wyhf khw;wgLfpwJ - Ntjp Mw;wy;

10. Mw;wypd; myF ------ MFk;. - [_y;

11. nghUspd; epiyiag; nghWj;J mjDs; mlq;fpAs;s Mw;wiyf; Fwpg;gJ -------- MFk; - epiy Mw;wy;

12. xU nghUspd; kPJ Gw tpirfs; nray;glhj tiu> mg;nghUshdJ jd;dpr;irahfj; jdJ epiyia khw;wpf; nfhs;shj gz;G -------- MFk; -

epiykk;








13. Mw;wiy Mf;fNth> mopf;fNth KbahJ xU tif Mw;wiy kw;nwhU

tif Mw;wyhf khw;w KbAk; vd;gJ - Mw;wy; moptpd;ik tpjp

14. kpd;tprpwpapy; kpd;dhw;wyhdJ -------- Mf khw;wg;gLfpwJ - ,af;f Mw;wy; 15. jhtuq;fspy; xspr; NrHf;ifapd; NghJ Nrkpf;fg;gLk; Mw;wy; -----------MFk; - Ntjp Mw;wy;

4. kpd;rhuk; kw;Wk; fhe;jtpay;

1. fhe;jj;jhy; ftug;glf; $ba mNj Ntisapy; jhDk; fhe;jkhf khwty;y xU nghUs; ---------- MFk; - /ngHNuhfhe;jg; nghUs;

2. ,Uk;G> epf;fy;> Nfhghy;l; Mfpait ---------- MFk; - /ngHNuhfhe;jq;fs;

3. kpd;fhe;jj; J}z;liyf; fz;lwpe;jtH - /ghuNl

4. ------------ XH ,aw;if fhe;jk; - khf;dill;

5. fhe;jg; Gyr; nrwptpd; myF vd;d - Mk;gpaH/kPl;lH

6. kpd;jilia msf;fg; gad;gLk; fUtp vJ - Xk;khdp

7. vyf;l;uhd;fs; efHtijNa -------------- vd;fpNwhk; - kpd;Ndhl;lk;

8. kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; myF vd;d - Mk;gpaH

9. kpd; jpwdpd; myF ----------- - thl;

10. kpd;dOj;jj;jpd; myF vd;d - Nthy;l;








11. ,Uk;gpd; fpa+up ntg;gepiy ----------- MFk; - 770°C

12. fhe;jj;ij Rw;wp mike;jpUg;gJ - fhe;jg;Gyk;

13. fhe;j cl;GF jpwdpd; myF ----- MFk; - n`d;wp/kPl;lH

14. ePr;ry; tpjpia cUthf;fpatH ahH - Mk;gpaH

15. kpd;rhu kzpapy; kpd;rhuj;ij tpl;L tpl;L gha;r;r cjTk; mikg;G - MHkr;#H

5. mZ kw;Wk; mZf;fU ,aw;gpay;

1. mZ vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; - gpupf;f Kbahj

2. etPd mZ ,aw;gpaypd; je;ij vd;wiof;fg;gLgtH ahH - N[.N[.jhk;rd;

3. ePupYs;s i`l;u[d; kw;Wk; Mf;rp[dpd; epiwtpfpjk; --------- MFk; - 1:8

4. vyf;l;uhd; kw;Wk; INrhNlhg;Gfisf; fz;lwpe;jtH ahH - N[.N[.jhk;rd;

5. XH mZtpd; %d;W tifahd Jfs;fs; ahit - vyf;l;uhd;> GNuhl;lhd;

kw;Wk; epa+l;uhd; 6. vyf;l;uhd; vd;gJ -------------- - vjpHkpd;RikAila Jfs;

7. GNuhl;lhd; vd;gJ -------------- - NeHkpd;D}l;lKila Jfs;

8. epa+l;uhd; vd;gJ ------------- - kpd;D}l;lkw;w xU Jfs;








9. GNuhl;lhd;fSk;> epa+l;uhd;fSk; mZtpd; vg;gFjpapy; ,Wfg; gpize;Js;sd - ikag; gFjp (cl;fU)

10. xU jdpkj;jpd; INrhNlhg;G vd;gJ - rk vz;zpf;ifAs;s GNuhl;lhd;fisAk;> NtWgl;l vz;zpf;ifAs;s epa+l;uhd;fisAk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;

11. mZf;fUit fz;lwpe;jtH ahH - &jH/NghHL 12. nghUz;ik moptpd;ik tpjpiaf; fz;lwpe;jtH - ytha;rpaH

13. khwhtpfpj tpjpiaf; fz;lwpe;jtH ahH - g;nus];l;

14. GNuhl;lhid fz;lwpe;jtH ahH - Nfhy;L];Bd;

15. ,uz;L my;yJ ,uz;bw;F Nkw;gl;l ,Nyrhd mZf;fUf;fs; ,ize;J fdkhd mZf;fUit cUthf;Fk; nray;Kiw - mZf;fU ,izT

6. ntg;gk;> xsp kw;Wk; xyp

1. xsp xU tUl fhyj;jpy; gazpf;Fk; njhiyT ------- vdg;gLk; - xspahz;L

2. xspapd; mlHj;jpia (Intensity) msf;f cjTk; myF - Nfz;Byh

(candela)

3. xspiaf; Fwpj;j gbg;gpd; ngaH - Optics








4. xspapd; jpirNtfj;ij Kjd; Kjypy; ntw;wpfukhf fzf;fpl;ltH - NuhkH

5. nghUs;fspd; xsptpyfy; vz;izf; fhzg;gad;gLtJ - epwkhiykhdp.

6. xU nghUspd; ntg;gk; kw;nwhU nghUSf;F Clfkpd;wp flj;jg;gLk; KiwahdJ ,t;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ - ntg;gf; fjpHtPry; 7. xspapd; mbg;gil epwq;fs; ahit - rptg;G> gr;ir> ePyk;

8. ghjurk; ntg;gepiykhdpfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl Kf;fpa fhuzk; - Fiwe;j jd; ntg;g Vw;Gj;jpwd;.

9. kdpj clypd; ntg;gepiy mjpfupf;Fk; NghJ ,uj;jj;jpd; ghfpay; vz;

kjpg;G ----------- - FiwfpwJ

10. kdpj clypd; ruhrup ntg;gepiy -------- MFk; - 98.6°F (37°C)

11. ngl;Nuhypaj;jpd; xsptpyfy; vz; vd;d - 1.38

12. ePupd; xsptpyfy; vz; vd;d - 1.33

13. ituj;jpd; xsptpyfy; vz; vd;d - 2.419

14. fhw;wpd; xsptpyfy; vz; vd;d - 1

15. ePupd; nfhjpepiy -------- MFk; - -37.7°F (100°C)

7. xsp kw;Wk; xyp

1. xypapid msf;fg; gad;gLk; myF vJ - nlrpgy;








2. mjpHntz;iz msf;fg; gad;gLk; myF vJ - n`Hl;];

3. Mz;fspd; Fuy; ehz;fspd; ePsk; - 20 kp.kP 4. ngz;fspd; Fuy; ehz;fspd; ePsk; - 15 kp.kP 5. eLepiyg; Gs;spapypUe;J Jfs; milAk; ngUk ,lg;ngaHr;rp ---------

vdg;gLk; - tPr;R 6. nghUs;fspd; xsptpyfy; vz;izf; fhzg;gad;gLtJ - epwkhiykhdp

7. kdpjdpd; nrtpAzH mjpHntz; neLf;fk; ---------- - 20Hz - 20000Hz

8. 20Hz f;F fPNo cs;s xypia ------- vd;W miof;fpNwhk; - Fw;nwhyp

(infrasonic)

9. 20000Hz mjpHntz;zpw;F NkNy cs;s xypia --------- vd;fpNwhk; - kPnahyp

(ultra-sonic)

10. ngup];Nfhg; kw;Wk; fpislh];Nfhg; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ---------- jj;Jtk; gad;gLfpwJ - gd;Kf vjpnuhspg;G

11. Mg;bfy; iggupy; gad;gLk; jj;Jtk; - KO mf vjpnuhspg;G

12. njspTW fhl;rpapd; kPr;rpW njhiyT --------- MFk; - 25 nr.kP 13. Kg;gl;lfk; xd;wpy; nts;nshsp mjd; VO tz;zq;fshf gpupAk; epfo;T ----

---- vdg;gLk; - epwg;gpupif








14. ntw;wplj;jpd; topNa nry;y ,ayhjJ vJ - xyp

15. xsp XH Clfj;jpypUe;J kw;nwhU Clfj;jpw;Fr; nry;Yk; NghJ jdJ

NeHNfhl;Lg; ghijia tpl;L tpyfpr; nry;Yk; gz;G --------------- vdg;gLk; - xsptpyfy;

8. mz;lk;

1. thdpay; njhiytpw;fhd myF vd;d - xsp Mz;L 2. kpf Ntfkhf Royf; $ba Nfhs; vJ - tpahod;

3. jw;Nghija thdpay; Ma;Tfspd;gb> mz;lj;jpd; taJ ------------------ gpy;ypad;

Mz;Lfs; vd;W fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ - 13.73 (± 0.12)

4. gy Nfhbf;fzf;fhd mz;lq;fisf; nfhz;l njhFjp - Nguz;lk;

5. ekJ #upa FLk;gk; mike;Js;s el;rj;jpuj; njhFjpahd ghy;ntsp mz;lj;jpd; tbtk; - RUs; tbtk;

6. tpbnts;sp md;W miof;fg;gLk; Nfhs; vJ - nts;sp

7. rptg;G Nfhs; vd miof;fg;gLk; Nfhs; vJ - nrt;tha;

8. Royhky; cUz;l gbNa #upaid Rw;wp tUk; Nfhs; vJ - ANud];

9. mjpf Jizf;Nfhs;fs; nfhz;l Nfhs; vJ - tpahod;

10. #upa FLk;gj;jpy; xsp kpFe;j Nfhs; vJ - nts;sp

11. kpff;FspHe;j Nfhs; vJ - neg;bA+d;








12. g+kp xU Kiw jd;idj;jhNd Rw;wpf;nfhs;s MFk; Neuk; vd;d - 23 kzp 56 epkplq;fs;.

13. g+kp> #upaid xU Kiw Rw;wptu vLf;Fk; fhy ,ilntsp --------- MFk; - 365.24 ehs;fs;. 14. ,e;jpahtpy; ahH ahH ngaHfspy; FWq;Nfhs;fs; cs;sd - thdtpay;

mwpQH itZghg;G> mZrf;jpj; Jiwapd; je;ij rhuhgha;> fzpjNkij uhkhD[d;. 15. thy; el;rj;jpuk; vd;gJ - gdp> J}R Kjypa nghUs;fs; epiwe;j

gdpg;ghiw

9. nghJ mwptpay; tpjpfs;

1. Nfhs;fs; #upaidr; Rw;wp ,aq;Fk; NghJ Nfhs;fSf;Fk; #upaDf;Fk;

,ilg;gl;l <Hg;gpay; tpir ------------ Mf nray;gLfpd;wJ. - ikaNehf;F tpir

2. ika Nehf;F tpirapd; kjpg;gpw;F rkkhfTk;> vjpH jpirapYk; mikAk; tpir -------- vdg;gLk;. - ika tpyf;F tpir

3. japH filAk; NghJ ntz;nza; ghj;jpuj;jpd; Xuj;jpw;F nry;tJ ve;j tpirf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L - ika tpyf;F tpir

4. kioj; Jspfs; Nfhs tbtpy; ,Uf;ff; fhuzk; - gug;G ,Otpir

5. ,aw;if NjHTf; Nfhl;ghl;il cUthf;fpatH - rhHy]; lhHtpd; 6. kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; fhe;j tpisitf; fz;lwpe;jtH - xaH];nll;








7. kpd;fhe;j J}z;liy fz;lwpe;jtH - ghuNl

8. ePH mOj;j gk;G (hydraulic pressure pump) ----------- tpjpapd; mbg;gilapy;

,af;FfpwJ. - gh];fy; 9. fg;gy; kpjg;gij tpsf;FtJ - MHf;fpkpb]; Nfhl;ghL

10. kpd;Ndhl;lj;Jf;Fk; kpd; mOj;j NtWghl;Lf;Fk; cs;s njhlHig tpsf;FtJ - Xkpd; tpjp 11. tpkhdk; Gwg;gLtij tpsf;FtJ - ngHNdhypapd; jj;Jtk;

12. epa+l;ldpd; Kjy; tpjpia ----------- vdTk; miof;fyhk;. - epiyk tpjp

my;yJ rlj;Jt tpjp

13. xU Jg;ghf;fpapapypUe;J tUk; Fz;bd; ,af;fk; - NeHf;Nfhl;L ,af;fk; 14. uapy; epiyaj;ij Nehf;fp uapy; tUk;NghJ xypapd; RUjp mjpfkhfTk;

ek;iktpl;L tpyfpr; nry;Yk;NghJ Fiwthf Nfl;gij lhg;sH tpisT %yk; 1842k; Mz;L tpsf;fpatH - fpwp];bad; lhg;sH

15. Nfhs;fspd; ,af;fk; gw;wpa nfg;supd; Kjy; tpjpapd; kw;nwhU ngaH -

Rw;Wg;ghijfspd; tpjp

1. ngup];Nfhg; kw;Wk; fpislh];Nfhg; Nghd;wtw;wpy; gad;gLk; jj;Jtk; vJ -

gd;Kf vjpnuhspg;G jj;Jtk;

2. thdk; ePyepwkhfj; Njhd;wf; fhuzk; - xspr;rpjwy;








3. Kjy; etPd NtjpapaywpQH vd;W Gfog;gl;ltH - ,uhgHl; ghapy;

4. xU nghUspd; epiw (m) kw;Wk; mjd; jpirNtfk; (v) Mfpatw;wpd;

ngUf;fw;gyd; - ce;jk; 5. kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpid msf;f cjTk; fUtpahd Nld;[d;l; fhy;tdh kPl;lH ve;j tpjpapd; mbg;gilapy; nray;gLfpwJ. - Nld;[d;l; tpjp

6. g;nskpq;fpd; tyJif tpjp ---------------- vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ - kpd;dpaw;wp tpjp

7. Nld;[d;l; fhy;tdh kPl;lupd; RUf;ff; $w;nwz; --------- MFk;. - K = (2aBh) /

µ0n

8. jpUF nray;gLjy;> fjT RoYjy; Nghd;wit vjd; mbg;gilapy; nray;gLfpwJ - tpirapd; jpUg;Gj;jpwd;

9. Gtp <Hg;G tpiriaf; fz;lwpe;jtH - rH Irf; epa+l;ld;

10. nghUnshd;wpd; topNa xw;iw epw xsp nry;Yk;NghJ rpjwyilfpwJ vdTk;> rpjwyile;j xsp gLfpd;w mjpHntz;iz kl;Lkpy;yhky; Gjpa

mjpHntz;izAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ vd tpsf;Fk; ,uhkd; tpisit fz;lwpe;jtH - rH rp.tp. ,uhkd; 11. nyd;]; tpjp --------------- tpjpapd; mbg;gilapy; nray;gLfpwJ - Mw;wy; moptpd;ik tpjp

12. kpjptz;bapy; tisthd ghjapy; jpUk;Gk; NghJ cly; cl;Gwkhf

rha;g;gJ ve;j tpirf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L - ika tpyf;F tpir








13. vyf;l;uhd;fs; mZf;fUit tl;lg;ghijapy; Rw;wptUtJ --------

,af;fj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L - tl;l ,af;fk;

14. nghUs;fs; jpirkhwhky; njhlHe;J xNu jpirapy; NeHNfhl;by; ,aq;Fjy; ------------- ,af;fkhFk; - NeHf;Nfhl;L ,af;fk; 15. xsp XH Clfj;jpypUe;J kw;nwhU Clfj;jpw;Fr; nry;Yk; NghJ jdJ NeHNfhl;Lg; ghijia tpl;L tpyfpr; nry;Yk; gz;G ---- vdg;gLk;. -xsptpyfy;

8. mwptpay; fUtpfs;

1. fhw;W kw;Wk; thAf;fspd; vil kw;Wk; mlHj;jpia msf;Fk; fUtp vJ -

VNuhkPl;lH (Aerometer)

2. xU kpd;Rw;wpy; ghAk; kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij mse;jplg; gad;gLk; fUtp vJ -

mk;kPl;lH 3. kdpjHfspd; Nfl;Fk; jpwid fzf;fpLk; fUtp vJ - MbNahkPl;lH

4. ntg;gf; fjpHtPr;rpd; msit fzf;fpl gad;gLk; fUtp ------ MFk;. -

NghNyhkPl;lH (Bolometer)

5. Fiwthd ntg;gepiyia mstpLk; fUtp vJ -

fpiuNahkPl;lH (Cryometer)

6. Nthy;Nl[;> jpwd; vy;yhtw;iwAk; nkhj;jkhf mstpLk; fUtp vJ -

vyf;l;Nuh ildNkhkPl;lH (Electro Dynamometer)

7. thAtpd; mOj;jj;ijf; fzf;fpLk; fUtp vJ - NkhNdhkPl;lH (Manometer)








8. xypapd; msit mstpLk; fUtp vJ - NlhNdhkPl;lH (Tonometer)

9. -------------- tiu gupkhzKs;s nghUs;fspd; gupkhzq;fis msf;f jpUF

mstp gad;gLfpwJ - 0.001 nr.kP.

10. mjpfgl;r ntg;gepiyia mstpLk; fUtp vJ - igNuhkPl;lH (Pyrometer)

11. xyp miyfisg; gad;gLj;jp flypd; Moj;ij mstpLk; fUtp vJ -

ghj;NjhkPl;lH (Fathometer)

12. ve;jpu Mw;wiy kpd;rhu Mw;wyhf khw;Wk; fUtp vJ - ildNkh 13. NubNah miyfspd; miy ePsj;ij mstpLk; fUtp vJ -

Ntt;kPl;lH (Wavemeter)

14. V.rp. kpd;rhuj;ij b.rp. kpd;rhukhf khw;Wk; fUtp vJ -

nuf;b/igaH (Rectifier)

15. Nyriu fz;Lgpbj;jtH - jpNahNlhH ikkhd; (Theodore Maiman)

9. mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs;

1. njhiy Nehf;fp> tpahodpd; Jizf; Nfhs;fis fz;Lgpbj;jtH ahH -

fypypNah fypyp

2. #upa FLk;gk;> #upa ikaf; Nfhl;ghl;il fz;lwpe;jtH - epNfhy]; NfhgH

epf;f]; (Nicolaus Copernicus)








3. ngdprpypidf; fz;lwpe;jtH ahH - mnyf;rhz;lH gpnskpq;

4. vyf;l;uhidf; fz;Lgpbj;jtH - N[.N[.jhk;rd; 5. mZtpd; cl;fUit fz;lwpe;jtH - &jH/NghHl; 6. vf;]; fjpHfisf; fz;lwpe;jtH - tpy;n`k; uhz;l;n[d;

7. mZf;fU gpsitf; fz;lwpe;jtHfs; - Ml;Nlh`hd;> ];l;uh];kd; kw;Wk; ypNr nka;l;dH

8. mZf; nfhs;ifia ntspapl;ltH - [hd; lhy;ld;

9. epa+l;uhidf; fz;lwpe;jtH ahH - rhl;tpf;

10. ,bjhq;fpia fz;lwpe;jtH - ngQ;rkpd; /g;uhq;fpspd;

11. ,aw;if fjpupaf;fj;ij fz;lwpe;jtH ahH - n`d;wp ngf;nfhuy;

12. Fthz;lk; nfhs;ifia fz;lwpe;jtH - khf;]; g;shq;f; 13. nraw;if fjpupaf;fj;ij fz;lwpe;jtH ahH - IuPd; N[hypal; fpa+up kw;Wk;

gpnulupf; N[hypal;-fpa+up

14. Nubaj;ij fz;lwpe;jtHfs; - Nkup fpa+up kw;Wk; gpNaH fpa+up 15. thndhypia fz;lwpe;jtH ahH - khHNfhdp








10. Njrpa mwptpay; Ma;tfq;fs;

1. tpf;uk; rhuhgha; tpz;ntsp ikak; vq;Fs;sJ - Jk;gh (jpUtde;jGuk;)

2. milahW Gw;WNeha; fofk; vq;F mike;Js;sJ - nrd;id

3. Njrpa fdpkq;fs; gupNrhjidf;$lk; vq;F mike;Js;sJ - [hk;n\l;g+H 4. kj;jpa fl;blf;fiy Ma;T ikak; vq;F mike;Js;sJ - &Hfp 5. Njrpa fly; Muha;r;rp ikak; vq;Fs;sJ - gdh[p (Nfhth)

6. Njrpa ngsjpf Muha;r;rpf; $lk; vq;F mike;Js;sJ - epa+nly;yp

7. ,e;jpa Njrpa mwptpay; gjpTikak; -----------------apy; cs;sJ - epa+nly;yp 8. Njrpa ,uhrhad Ma;Tf;$lk; vq;F mike;Js;sJ - GNd

9. jkpo;ehl;by; ney;Yf;fhd Muha;r;rp ikak; cs;s ,lk; - MLJiw (jQ;rht+H)

10. Njrpa itu]; Ma;T ikak; vq;Fs;sJ - GNd

11. kj;jpa Njhy; Muha;r;rp ikak; cs;s ,lk; - nrd;id 12. Njrpa tpz;ntsp Ma;tfk; mike;Js;s ,lk; - ngq;fs+H

13. ,e;jpa mZrf;jp fkp\d; vq;Fs;sJ - Kk;ig 14. kj;jpa rhiy Ma;T ikak; cs;s ,lk; - epa+nly;yp








15. ,e;jpahtpy; gz Nehl;Lfs; mr;rbf;Fk; mr;rfk; cs;s ,lk; - ehrpf; (k`huh\;buh)




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