Nhung Loi Day Cua Duc Phat Ve Hoa Binh Va Gia Tri Con Nguoi - HT Minh Chau

8/3/2019 Nhung Loi Day Cua Duc Phat Ve Hoa Binh Va Gia Tri Con Nguoi - HT Minh Chau

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Nhng Li Dy Ca c Pht V Ha Bnhv

Gi Tr Con Ngi

HT. Minh ChuNgun

http://www.quangduc.comChuyn sang ebook 27-8-2009

Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin [email protected]

Link Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org

Mc Lc

LI GII THIULI NI UCHNG MT - TRCH DCH NHNG LI DY CA C PHT V HA BNHCHNG HAI - TRCH DCH V LI DY CA C PHT

PHM 1 : U TRANH V HA HPPHM 2 : SN HN V NHU HAPHM 3 : LM HI V KHNG LM HIPHM 4 : HN TH V THN HUPHM 5 : ST SANH V TN TRNG S SNG

CHNG BA - TRCH DCH V TNG GICHNG BN - LI DY V CC HNG NGI THIN V CHIN TRANH VHNG NGI THIN V HA BNH

PHM 1: NGI C V NGI THIN.PHM 2: NGI NGU V BC TR.PHM 3: NGI PHNG DT V BC T IU.

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LI GII THIU

Quyn sch nh ny nhm gii thiu "Nhng li c Pht dy v Ha bnhv gi tr con ngi" c trch dch t mt s kinh quan trng trong kinhtng Pli, bng ba th ting: Pli, Anh vn v Vit vn. Nhng trch dchny khng lm sao y c, nhng chng c la chn thn trng
http://www.quangduc.com/http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Sach%20Noi/Viet%20Nam/http://www.quangduc.com/http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Sach%20Noi/Viet%20Nam/


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c th gii thiu mt cch trung thnh v chn thc nhng li dy caoqy ca Ngi v nhng ti ny.

c Pht khng bao gi xem Ha bnh nh l mt qu tng t u n.Quan im ca Ngi, Ha bnh l kt qu ca mt ch quyt lit, mt cuctranh u kin cng, mt vn t gio dc v t hun luyn, dnchng c th yu qu Ha bnh nh l mt vt bu cn phi thc hin ngayt by gi, trn qu t ny. Nh vy tp sch nh ny phc v mc chchung bng cch trch dch nhng li Pht dy v Ha bnh v gi tr conngi. Hin nay, vi mi pht minh cc k thut mi git ngi hng lot,vi s e da mi ca bom nguyn t v bom khinh kh, c kh nng tiudit hon cu, Ha bnh tr thnh ngun cu tinh duy nht cho nhn loi. Dovy nhng li dy ca c Pht, v c tn xng l s gi ca Ha bnhcn phi n li, cn phi suy tm suy t, cn phi em ra p dng v tr

thnh mt np sng cho ton th loi Ngi.

Vy, chng ti c vi li xin gii thiu vi ton th Pht t, vi nhng ai cquan tm n vn Ha bnh.

Tp. H Ch Minh, thng 06 nm 1995T-kheo THCH MINH CHAU

Vin trng Vin Nghin cu Pht hc Vit Nam

-ooOoo-

LI NI U

Tp sch ny nhm trnh by mt s li dy ca c Pht v Ha bnh v gitr con ngi c chia thnh 4 chng.

Chng I cha ng nhng tinh hoa qua cc bui thuyt php ca Ngi,mc ch ca Ngi khi hong dng Chnh php, thi ca Ngi i vicc tn gio khc, cc gio l i nghch v lng t bi thng tng ca

Ngi i vi chng sanh, i vi Th gii.

Chng II cp n Chnh php, nhng li dy ca Ngi v 5 vn cnbn quan trng: 1. u tranh v ha hp. 2. Sn hn v nhu ha. 3. Lm hiv khng lm hi. 4. Hn th v thn hu. 5. St sanh v knh trng s sng.


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Chng III cp n Gio hi cc T-kheo, cc T-kheo-ni (Sangha), sch tm ca Ngi xy dng nhng gii lut cn bn thc hin mt s hahp nht tr hon ton gia cc v ng Phm hnh, nhng li khuyn cc t xut gia ca Ngi cn chung sng vi nhau trong nim ng tm nht trhon ton v nhng li khin trch ca Ngi khi cc v T-kheo khng sngng nh li Pht dy.

Chng IV gii thiu hai hng ngi. Hng ngi a thch gy hn, xungt, chin tranh v hng ngi thin v mt i sng ha hp nht tr vHa bnh.

Hng ngi u l hng ngi lm iu c, hng ngi ngu si, m n vhng ngi phng dt, sng i sng ngang tng phng tng.

Hng th hai l hng lm cc hnh lnh v thn, v li, v , nhng bcThin tr, nhng bc Hin Thnh, nhng bc Bit t iu.

lm ni bt s mu thun, mi hng ngi vi hng i nghch c cp song song bn nhau. Nh vy, Phm mt ni n hng ngi lm iuc v hng ngi lm iu lnh. Phm hai gii thiu hng ngi ngu v bcc tr. Phm ba i mt gia k phng dt v nhng ngi bit t iu phcmnh.

Li na, trong mi chng, mi phm, trc ht l nhng li gii thiu tngqut ca v bin tp cho tng chng, tng phm, ri n nhng li trchdch bng ba th ting: Ting Pli dnh cho nhng v ch tm n c ngPli v nguyn bn, ting Anh dnh cho c gi bit ting Anh v ting Vitdnh cho c gi ngi Vit.

Nh c cp trc, cc trch dch khng c th xem l y chuton, v nhiu li dy c gi tr c th b b qun. Nhng ngi bin tp chc hy vng mong rng: Tp sch ny l mt s cng hin khim tn chonhng li dy ca c Pht v Ha bnh v l mt ng gp nh b vo s

nghip hong dng chnh php trn c th gip chng ta ngy nay.

Tp. H Ch Minh, thng 06 nm 1995T-kheo THCH MINH CHAU

Vin trng Vin Nghin cu Pht hc Vit Nam


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CHNG MT - TRCH DCH NHNG LI DY CAC PHT V HA BNH

Tng kt 45 nm thuyt php ca Ngi, c Pht tuyn b r rng l Ngich dy hai vn : Kh v dit kh, ngoi ra khng dy g na. Chin tranhem n au kh. Ha bnh ngha l chm dt kh au. Do vy Ngi ctn xng l "v S gi ha bnh".

Ngi khuyn khch cc t ca Ngi du hnh thuyt php v gii thchi sng Phm hnh, v hnh phc v an lc ca qun sanh, v lng thngtng cho i, v li ch, v hnh phc ca ch Thin v loi Ngi.

c Pht nu rt r rng mc ch thuyt php ca Ngi l khng tranh lunvi cc nh lnh o tn gio khc v khng cnh tranh vi cc l thuyt inghch. Khng c s tranh chp trong s thuyt php ca Ngi. Ngi chtrnh by con ng dn n gic ng, v gii thot mi kh au.

c Pht lun lun trn y lng t bi i vi tt c loi hu tnh. Cho nkhi nm ngh, Ngi cng "Tm t, thng chng sanh" v Ngi c thuyt

php cng ch v tnh thng ca Ngi i vi mi loi.

* * *

"Ny cc T-kheo, xa cng nh nay, Ta ch ni ln s kh v dit kh".(Trung B I. 140)

"Ny cc T-kheo, hy du hnh, v hnh phc cho qun chng, v an lc choqun chng, v lng thng tng cho i, v li ch, v hnh phc, v an lc,cho ch Thin v loi Ngi. Ch c i hai ngi mt ch. Ny cc T-kheo, hy thuyt php, s thin, trung thin, hu thin, c ngha, c vn. Hy

tuyn thuyt Phm hnh hon ton vin mn, thanh tnh". (Tng ng I.128)

"Ny cc T-kheo, Ta khng tranh chp vi i. Ch c i tranh chp viTa. Ny cc T-kheo, ngi ni php khng tranh chp vi mt ai i".(Tng ng III. 165)


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"Bch Th Tn, con nghe nh sau: "Cao thng thay, an tr lng t". "BchTh Tn, Th Tn din kin thn chng cho con im ny. Bch Th Tn,Th Tn an tr lng t" - "Ny Jvaka, ci gi l tham, l sn, l si do snhn khi ln, tham y, sn y, si y c Nh Lai on tr, cht cho n tngc, lm cho nh thn cy ta- la, khin khng th ti sanh, khng th sanhkhi trong tng lai. Ny Jvaka, nu nh vy l ngha ng mun ni, thiTa ng vi ng". - "Bch Th Tn, nh vy tht l ngha con munni". (Trung B II. 370A-370B)

"Khi thc khng lo u,Khi ng chng s hiNgy m khng khi ln,Phin no bn lng Ta.Ta khng thy tai hi,

Mt ch no trn i.Do vy, Ta nm ngh,Tm t, thng chng sanh". (Tng ng I. 136)

"Ny Sriputta, nhng ai ni mt cch chn chnh s ni nh sau: "Mt vhu tnh khng b si chi phi, sanh ra i v hnh phc cho s ng, van lc cho s ng, v lng thng tng cho i, v li ch, v hnh phc, van lc cho ch Thin v loi Ngi". V y s ni v Ta mt cch chnchnh nh sau: "Mt v hu tnh khng b si chi phi, sanh ra i, vhnh phc cho s ng, v an lc cho s ng, v lng thng tng cho i,v hnh phc, v an lc cho ch Thin v loi Ngi". (Trung B I. 83)

"Ngi hiu bit tt c,Ngi trnh by Chnh php.V lng thng, t mn,i vi mi chng sanh.Ngi vn m bc mn,Bc c mt mi ni.Khng cu u, thanh tnh.

Ngi chi ton th gii". (Kinh tp. K 378)

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CHNG HAI - TRCH DCH V LI DY CA CPHT

PHM 1 : U TRANH V HA HP

Th Tn ch cho chng ta r cc dc l ngun gc ca u tranh, khngtranh, xung t v chin tranh.

"Mt nguyn nhn na ca u tranh v xung t l s so snh gia mnh vngi, xem cc ngi khc l bng mnh, hay hn mnh hay thua mnh".

Mt phng php lm lng du cc tranh lun l s thc, chnh ti y,"trong tranh lun ny, chng ta u tn hi".

C mt trng hp ny tht l b bng, nh c Pht nu r, l mtngi n ph bng ngi khng c ph bng, nhic mng ngi khng cnhic mng, gy s vi ngi khng c gy s. Tt c s ph bng, nhicmng y t nhin tr lui li cho ngi nhic mng. Cng nh n ca mi m ngi c mi khng chp nhn, thi mn n s tr li vingi ch ca n.

Thi c Pht i vi tranh lun rt r rng. Ngi khng c tranh lun viai i. Ngi thuyt php ch vi mc ch nu ln con ng chm dt kh

au. Ngi khng bao gi t cho ch c Php ca Ngi l s tht, ngoi ra ul h vng. Ngi gii thch Php ca Ngi r rng cho mi ngi n xem thy v t mnh ph phn.

Phng php hay nht trnh xa cc tranh lun v xung t, c Phtkhuyn chng ta, l ng c khi ln cc h lun, vng tng, cc t kin.V trong trng hp chng c khi ln, thi thi tt nht l ch hoan h,n mng v chp th chng. Thi ny s chm dt u tranh, xung t,chin tranh v cc php bt thin.

Chin tranh no cng em n au kh v lng v bin. Chin thng sanhth on, bi trn nm kh au. Cho nn phng php hay nht l ng dngchin tranh gii quyt cc xung t, nhng phi tm mi phng tin ha

bnh chm dt cc bt ng kin v cc xung t.

Do vy cc bc Thnh t b gia nh, s khng to nn cc tri buc mi.Cc v ny chm dt mi tranh lun, bt c vi mt ai.


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* * *

"Li na, ny cc T-kheo, do dc lm nhn, do dc lm duyn, do dc lmnguyn nhn, do chnh dc lm nhn, vua tranh ot vi vua, St--l tranhot vi St--l, B-la-mn tranh ot vi B-la-mn, gia ch tranh otvi gia ch; m tranh ot vi con, con tranh ot vi m; cha tranh ot vicon, con tranh ot vi cha; anh em tranh ot vi anh em; anh tranh otvi ch; ch tranh ot vi anh; bn b tranh ot vi bn b. Khi chng dnmnh vo tranh chp, tranh lun, tranh ot, chng tn cng nhau bng tay,chng tn cng nhau bng gch , chng tn cng nhau bng gy gc,chng tn cng nhau bng ao kim. y, chng i n t vong, i nau kh gn nh t vong". (Trung B I. 87)

"Li na, ny cc T-kheo, do dc lm nhn, do dc lm duyn, do dc lmnguyn nhn, do chnh dc lm nhn, chng cm mu v thun, chng eocung v tn, chng dn trn hai mt v tn c nhm bn nhau, ao cqung nm nhau, kim c vung chm nhau. Chng bn, m nhau bngtn, chng qung, m nhau bng ao, chng cht u nhau bng kim. y, chng i n t vong, i n au kh gn nh t vong". (Trung B I.87A)

"Bng, thng hay thua Ta,Ngh vy u tranh khi,C ba khng dao ng,Bng, thng khng khi ln". (Tng ng I. 15)

"Ngi khc khng hiu bit,Chng ta y (Trong tranh lun ny) suy vong.Ai hiu bit ch y,Tranh lun c lng m". (Php C. 6)

"Phn n, khng hoan h, B-la-mn Akkosaka Bhradvja i n Th Tn,

sau khi n ni nhng li khng tt p, c ng, ph bng v nhic mngTh Tn. c nghe ni vy, Th Tn ni vi B-la-mn AkkosakaBhradvja: -"Ny B-la-mn, ng ngh th no? Cc thn hu b con huytthng, cc khch c n ving thm ng khng?" - "Tha Tn gi Gotama,thnh thong cc thn hu b con huyt thng, cc khch c n ving thmti" - "Ny B-la-mn, ng ngh th no? ng c sa son cho h cc mnn loi cng, loi mm v cc loi nm khng?" - "Tha Tn gi


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Gotama, thnh thong ti sa son cho h cc mn n loi cng, loi mmv cc loi nm". - "Nhng ny B-la-mn, nu h khng thu nhn, thicc mn n y v ai?" - "Tha Tn gi Gotama, nu h khng thu nhn,thi cc mn n y v li chng ti".

"Cng vy, ny B-la-mn, nu ng ph bng chng ti l ngi khng phbng, nhic mng chng ti l ngi khng nhic mng, x v chng ti lngi khng x v, chng ti khng thu nhn s vic y t ng, thi nyB-la-mn, s vic y v li ng. Ny B-la-mn, s vic y ch v li ng.

Ny B-la-mn, ai ph bng li khi b ph bng, nhic mng li khi b nhicmng, x v li khi b x v, thi nh vy, ny B-la-mn, ngi y cxem l hng th, san s vi ng. Cn chng ti khng cng hngth s vic y vi ng, khng cng san s vic y vi ng, thi ny B-la-mn, tt c s vic y v li vi ng v tt c s vic y ch v li ng m

thi". (Tng ng I. 199)

"Ny Hin gi, theo li dy ca Ta, trong th gii vi ch Thin, Mara vPhm thin, vi cc chng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, ch Thin v loi Ngi,khng c tranh lun vi ai i". (Trung B I. 109A)

"Ny T-kheo, do bt c nhn duyn g, mt s h lun vng tng m nhmt ngi, nu y khng c g ng hoan h, ng n mng, ng chpth, thi nh vy l s on tn tham ty min, s on tn sn ty min, son tn kin ty min, s on tn nghi ty min, s on tn mn tymin, s on tn hu i ty min, s on tn v minh ty min, s ontn chp trng chp kim, u tranh, trnh tranh, lun tranh, khng tranh, lygin ng, vng ng. Chnh ni y, nhng c bt thin php ny u ctiu dit, khng cn d tn". (Trung B I. 110)

"Thng trn sanh th on,Bi trn nm kh au,Ai b thng, b bi,Tch tnh hng an lc". (Tng ng I. 102)

"Bc Thnh b gia nh,Du hnh khng tr x;i vi dn trong lng,Khng tc thnh h ly.Tuyt khng cc dc vng,Khng c vng ho huyn,


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Chm dt mi tranh lun,Bt c vi mt ai". (Tng ng III. 14)

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PHM 2 : SN HN V NHU HA

Sn hn hnh ng nh mt ci km sit cht nhng ai ri vo s chi phica sn hn, v c xem l gy tai hi cho ngi i.

Cho nn, tt hn l ng ni li th c i vi bt c ai, v li ni th cem li nhng li th hn v cho n ao trng chm ngi.

Cho n thin ch Thch cng khuyn ch nn phn n, v phn n

nghin ngi c, nh ni nghin ngi.

Do vy, bc c tr "nhip phc gin vi khng gin".

Nhng ai xng ng vi danh xng B-la-mn, phi thn thin gia thch, n ha gia hung hng.

Ai chn c cn gin ang ni ln mi xng ng l bc nh xe, cn kkhc khng lm c vy, ch ng gi l ngi cm cng h.

Thin ch Thch khuyn ch Thin ch phn n nhip phc, ch lng sn chng i sn hn, v khng phn n th khng lm hi mnh, hingi, hi c hai.

Bc tr nh tn gc phn n xng ng c tn xng l bc Hin thin.

Ngi khng phn n tht s l ngi ha bnh. T hn c hai l ngi bmng, li mng tr. V chin thng c hai, chin thng mnh v chin thngngi, khi v y t ch, khng mng li.

* * *

"La no bng la tham,Chp no bng sn hn,Li no bng li si,Sng no bng sng i". (Php C. 251)


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"C lm hi rung vn,Sn hn hi ngi i,B th ngi la sn,Do vy c qu ln". (Php C. 357)

"Ch ni li c c,Ni c, b ni li,Kh thay li phn n,ao trng phi chm ngi". (Php C. 133)

"Ny cc T-kheo, thu xa, thin ch Thch ti Thin php ng,mun lm lng du ch Thin ci Ba mi ba, lc y ni ln bi k ny:

"Hy nhip phc phn n,Gi tnh bn khng phai,Khng ng mng, ch mng,Khng nn ni hai li,Phn n nghin ngi c,Nh ni nghin ngi". (Tng ng I. 305)

"Ly khng gin thng gin,Ly thin thng khng thin,Ly th thng xan tham,Ly chn thng h ngy". (Php C. 223)

"Thn thin gia th ch,n ha gia hung hng,Khng nhim gia nhim trc,Ta gi B-la-mn". (Php C. 406)

"Ai chn c cn gin,Nh dng xe ang ln,

Ta gi ngi nh xe,K khc, cm cng h". (Php C. 222)

Ny cc T-kheo, thu xa thin ch Thch, ti Thin php ng, munlm lng du ch Thin ci Ba mi ba, lc y ni ln bi k ny:

"Ch lng phn n,


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Nhip phc chi phi ng.Ch lng sn hn,i tr vi sn hn.Khng phn n, v hi,Bc Thnh thng an tr.Phn n nghin ngi c,Nh ni nghin ngi". (Tng ng I. 305)

"Ch ai ct tit,Nh tn gc, on tr,Ngi tr y dit sn,uc gi ngi Hin thin". (Php C. 263)

"Vi v khng phn n,

Phn n t u n?Sng ch ng, chnh mng,Gii thot nh chnh tr,V y sng nh vy,i sng c tch tnh.B mng ph bng li,T hn c hai ngi,Nhng ai b ph bng,Khng ph bng chng li,Ngi y thng trn,Thng cho mnh, cho ngiV y tm li ch,Cho c mnh v ngi.V k ph bng,T hiu, lng ngui u". (Tng ng I, 200)

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PHM 3 : LM HI V KHNG LM HI

Hi ngi khng lm hi ai, chng khc ngc gi tung bi, vi kt qu lt mnh phi chu kt qu hnh ng ca mnh.

c Pht trong khi quan st tm tr ca mi loi chng sanh tuyn brng, mi loi thng t ng ca mnh l ti thng. Nu chng ta thng tng ca chng ta, ch c lm hi t ng ca ngi. Mi loi cu an lc. Hi


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ngi cu an lc cho mnh tht l h sch. ng hi ngi mi l thngsch em li hnh phc cho mnh. i vi c Pht, ch nhng ai tht skhng lm hi mt ai, mi xng danh l v "Bt hi".

Bc Thnh, bc c tr khng hi mt chng sanh no. Hnh ng cc v y,thn nghip, khu nghip hay nghip hon ton bt hi. l l do ti saocc v y c gi l cc bc Thnh.

* * *

"V ngh n t li,Nn mi cp hi ngi,Khi ngi khc cp hi;B hi, li hi ngi.

Ngi ngu ngh nh vy,Khi c cha chn mui;Khi c chn mui,Ngi ngu chu kh au.St ngi b ngi st;Thng ngi b ngi thng;Mng ngi, ngi mng li;No ngi, ngi no li.Do nghip lc din tin,B hi, li hi ngi". (Tng ng I. 103)

"Khng xc, khng c chm,C xc thi c chm,Nu hi ngi khng hi,Tc c xc, c chm.Ai hi ngi khng hi,Ngi tnh khng nhim,K ngu hi qu c,Nh ngc gi tung bi". (Tng ng I. 16)

"Tm ta i cng khp.Tt c mi phng tri,Cng khng tm thy c,Ai thn hn t ng.T ng i mi ngi,Qu thn i nh vy,


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Vy ai yu t ng,Ch hi t ng ngi". (Tng ng I. 92)

"Chng sanh cu an lc,Ai dng trng hi ngi,Tm an lc cho mnh,i sau khng c lc". (Php C. 131)

"Chng sanh cu an lc,Khng dng trng hi ngi,Tm an lc cho mnh,i sau c hng lc". (Php C. 132)

B-la-mn Ahimsaka tha vi c Pht: "Con l Ahimsaka, tha Tn gi

Gotama. Con l Ahimsaka, tha Tn gi Gotama". c Pht ni ln bi kvi B-la-mn:

"Danh phi tng xng ngi,Ngi phi l bt hi.Ai vi thn, khu, ,Khng lm hi mt ai.Ai khng hi ngi khc,Ngi y tht Bt hi". (Tng ng I. 203)

"Cn st hi sinh linh,u c gi Hin Thnh.Khng hi mi chng sanh,Mi c gi Hin Thnh". (Php C. 270)

"Ai sng t trang sc,Nhng an tnh nhip phc.Sng kin tr Phm hnh,Khng hi mi sanh linh.

V y l Phm ch,Hay Sa-mn, kht s". (Php C. 142)

"Bc Hin khng hi ai,Thn thng c ch ng,t c cnh bt t,n y khng u su". (Php C. 225)


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PHM 4 : HN TH V THN HU

c Pht tuyn b rt r rng rng, mt tm y nhng hn th v th ch,ngi nh vy khng th hiu mt cch tt p, khng th ni mt cch ttp. Mt ngi m p nui dng s bt mn v ut hn s khng lm du

bt hn th ca mnh. Vi nim mt mnh, hn th khng c th tr dit. Chvi mt tm t ngy m thch th trong bt hi v vi lng t mn i vitt c loi hu tnh, ngi nh vy mi c th chm dt hn th.

"nh lut ngn thu xc nh hn th khng th tr dit hn th. Ch c tnhthng mi tr dit c hn th. Do vy, sung sng thay l i sng ca

chng ta, nu chng ta sng khng hn th gia nhng ngi th hn".

Mt ngi bit cch t nhip phc mnh chm dt mi hn th, mi thch, ngi nh vy t c Nit-bn, v rng Nit-bn s khng c hnth.

c Pht, vi lng t thng tng mi chng sanh s khng thch thtrong hn th. Cho nn Ngi s lm tt c nhng g c th lm c lmvi bt, nh bt v chm dt mi th ch v hn th trong th gii ny.

* * *

"Tm ng tht u,V y nhng th hn,Lm sao bit tt p?Lm sao ni tt p?Ai nhip phc th hn,

Nhip phc tm chng i,T b mi hn tm,

V y bit tt p,V y ni tt p". (Tng ng I. 222)

"N thng ti, nh ti,N thng ti, dit ti".Ai m nim hn y,Hn th khng th ngui". (Php C. 3)


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"N mng ti, nh ti,N thng ti, dit ti".Khng m nim hn y,Hn th c t ngui". (Php C. 4)

D xoa Manibhadda i n Th Tn v ni ln bi k ny:

"Lnh thay, thng chnh nim,Nh nim, lc tng trng.C nim, ngy mai p,Hn th c gii thot!"

(Th Tn) :

"Lnh thay, thng chnh nim,Nh nim, lc tng trng.C nim, ngy mai p,Hn th cha gii thot.Vi ai, trn ngy m,Tm lc, bt hi.T tm, mi hu tnh,V y khng th hn". (Tng ng I. 260)

"Hn th dit hn th,i ny khng c c,Khng hn dit hn thL nh lut ngn thu". (Php C. 5)

"Vui thay, chng ta sng,Khng hn gia hn th,Gia nhng ngi th hn,Ta sng, khng hn th". (Php C. 197)

"Khng hn, ht bn phn,Tr gii, khng tham i,Nhip phc thn cui cng,Ta gi B-la-mn". (Php C. 400)

"Nu t mnh yn lng,Nh chic chung b b,


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ng chng Nit-bn,ng khng cn sn hn". (Php C. 134)

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PHM 5 : ST SANH V TN TRNG S SNG

Th Tn knh trng s sng, bt c s sng no, cho n s sng ca cntrng v s sng ca c cy. Ngi t mnh thc hnh, khng cc n dtha ca mnh trn m c xanh, hay nhn chm trong nc c cc loi cntrng nh. c Pht khuyn cc t ch c st sanh cng dng cPht v cc t ca Ngi, v nu lm vy, chng tch ly nhiu phi cngc.

Ngi trnh by r rng rng, st sanh a ti ti sanh trong a ngc, scsanh, ng qu v qu bo nh nht ca st sanh l sanh ra lm ngi vi tuith ngn. Li na, st hi chng sanh em n s s hi v hn th tronghin ti v trong tng lai v lm sanh khi tm kh, tm u.

Do vy, c Pht khuyn ch nn st sanh v rng mi chng sanh s hihnh pht, i vi mi loi hu tnh s sng l qu nht trn i. Gii thnht ca mt c s phi th tr l knh trng s sng, khng st hi chngsanh. V mt B-la-mn xng ng vi danh xng, mt v Thnh xng ngvi Thnh v, phi thc hin s knh trng i sng ny mt cch ton dinv y .

* * *

"V cn li n tha ny ca Ta cn phi qung b. Nu cc ng mun,hy n. Nu cc ng khng mun n; Ta s qung b n y ti ch khngc c xanh, hay Ta s nhn chm trong nc khng c cc loi cn trng".(Trung B I. 13-13A)

"Ny Jvaka, nu ngi no v Nh Lai, hay v t Nh Lai, git hi sinhvt, ngi y s cht cha nhiu phi cng c do nm nguyn nhn. Khingi y ni nh sau: "Hy i v dt con th ny n" l nguyn nhnth nht, ngi y cht cha nhiu phi cng c. Con th y khi b bt i, v

b li ko ni c, nn cm th kh u, l nguyn nhn th hai, ngi ycht cha nhiu phi cng c. Khi n ni nh sau: "Hy i v git con thny", l nguyn nhn th ba, ngi y cht cha nhiu phi cng c. Khi


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con th y b git cm th kh u, y l nguyn nhn th t, ngi y chtcha nhiu phi cng c. Khi ngi y cng dng Nh Lai hay t NhLai mt cch phi php, l nguyn nhn th nm, ngi y cht chanhiu phi cng c. Ny Jvaka nu ngi no v Nh Lai hay t Nh Laigit hi sinh vt, ngi y s cht cha nhiu phi cng c do nm nguynnhn ny". (Trung B II. 371A)

"Ny cc T-kheo, nu st sanh c thc hin, c luyn tp, c lmcho sung mn, a n a ngc, s a n loi bng sanh, a n ci ngqu. Qu d thc ht sc nh (sabbalahuso) ca st sinh, l c lm ngivi tui th ngn". (Tng Chi III A. 230)

"Ny Jvaka, nhng ai ni nh sau: "V Sa-mn Gotama, chng git hi ccsinh vt. V Sa-mn Gotama, tuy bit vn dng cc loi tht c git v

mnh, c lm cho mnh", nhng ngi y khng ni chnh li ca Ta,chng xuyn tc Ta, khng nh chn, khng nh tht. Ny Jvaka Ta nitrong ba trng hp, tht khng c th dng: Thy, nghe v nghi (v mnhm git). Ta ni ba trng hp ny tht khng c th dng. Ny Jvaka,Ta ni trong ba trng hp ny, tht c th dng: Khng thy, khngnghe, khng nghi (v mnh m git). Ny Jvaka, Ta ni trong ba trng hpny, tht c th dng". (Trung B II. 370)

"Ny gia ch, st sanh, do duyn st sanh to ra s hi hn th ngay tronghin ti, to ra s hi hn th trong tng lai, khin tm cm th kh u. T

b st sanh, khng to ra s hi hn th trong hin ti, khng to ra s hihn th trong tng lai, khng khin tm cm th kh u. Ngi t b stsanh lm lng du s hi hn th ny". (Tng Chi III B. 176)

"Mi ngi s hnh pht,Mi ngi s t vong.Ly mnh lm v d,Khng git, khng bo git". (Php C. 129)

" y, ny cc T-kheo, v Thnh t suy ngh nh sau: "Cho n trni, cc v A-la-hn on tn st sinh, t b st sinh, b trng, b kim,

bit tm qu, c lng t, sng thng xt n hnh phc tt c chng sanhv loi hu tnh. Hm nay, m ny v ngy ny. Ta cng on tn st sanh,t b st sanh, b trng, b kim, bit tm qu, c lng t, sng thng xtn hnh phc tt c chng sanh v loi hu tnh. Vi chi phn ny, ta theogng v A-la-hn, ta s thc hnh ngy trai gii". (Tng Chi III. 232)


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"B trng i chng sanh,Yu km hay kin cng,Khng git, khng bo git,Ta gi B-la-mn". (Php C. 405)

" y, ny cc T-kheo, Thnh t on tn st sinh, t b st sinh. Nycc T-kheo, Thnh t t b st sinh, em (s) khng s hi cho vlng chng sinh, em (s) khng hn th cho v lng chng sinh, em(s) khng hi cho v lng chng sinh; sau khi cho v lng chng sinh,khng s hi, khng hn th, khng hi, v y s c san s v lngkhng s hi, khng hn th, khng hi. Ny cc T-kheo, y l b th thnht, l i b th, c bit l ti s, c bit l lu ngy, khng b nhngSa-mn, B-la-mn c tr khinh thng". (Tng Chi III. A. 229)

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CHNG BA - TRCH DCH V TNG GI

Khi c Pht thnh lp on Tng-gi u tin, Ngi ch bn tm nht lch t mt s gii lut cn bn bo m mt i sng tht s ha hpnht tr gia cc chng Tng. Do vy, Ngi dy su php cn phi ghi nhhay su php ha knh. Ngi khuyn cc t ca Ngi sng vi nhau trong

tinh thn ha hp hoan h vi nhau nh nc vi sa, nhn nhau vi cp mty thin cm. Khi cc T-kheo Kosambi ci v nhau, li khin trch cac Pht tht nghim khc v thng thn.

Thin ch Thch c s knh trng ln i vi chng Tng, v chng Tngtng trng cho thnh phn "khng chin gia giao chin, trm tnh giadao gy". Thch xem nhng hng ngi ny l thng trn hai ln, thngtrn i vi mnh, thng trn i vi ngi khc, nhng ngi, khi b mngnhic, khng mng nhic li.

c Pht khuyn cc T-kheo nn lm cho Php Lut kho ging ny cchi sng vi hnh kham nhn v nhu ha ca mnh; nn sng i sngthanh thot v an tnh, mt i sng tht s hnh phc, khi tm t ca ch vt c ha bnh, ha bnh trn chnh mnh, ha bnh trn th gii.

* * *


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Ri Th Tn bo cc T-kheo: "Ny cc T-kheo, c su php ny cn phighi nh, to thnh tng i, to thnh tng knh, a n ha ng, an khng tranh lun, ha hp nht tr. Th no l su? y, ny cc T-kheo, T-kheo an tr t thn hnh i vi cc v ng Phm hnh, c trcmt ln sau lng. Php ny cn phi ghi nh, to thnh tng i, to thnhtng knh, a n ha ng, a n khng tranh lun, ha hp, nht tr.Li na, ny cc T- kheo, T-kheo an tr t khu hnh... an tr t hnhi vi cc v ng Phm hnh, c trc mt ln sau lng. Php ny cn

phi ghi nh, to thnh tng i, to thnh tng knh, a n ha ng,a n khng tranh lun, ha hp nht tr. Li na, ny cc T-kheo, ivi cc ti vt nhn c ng php, hp php, cho n nhng ti vt thunhn ch trong bnh bt, T-kheo khng phi l ngi khng san s cc tivt nhn c nh vy, phi l ngi san s dng chung vi cc v ngPhm hnh c gii c. Php ny... (nh trn) ... a n khng tranh lun,

ha hp, nht tr. Li na, ny cc T-kheo, i vi cc gii lut khng c viphm, khng c t vt, khng c vn c, khng c u tp, gii thot, cngi tr tn thn, khng b chp trc, a n Thin nh, T-kheo sngthnh tu trong cc gii lut y vi cc v ng Phm hnh c trc mt lnsau lng. Php ny... (nh trn)... ha hp, nht tr. Li na, ny cc T-kheo, i vi cc tri kin, thuc v bc Thnh, c kh nng hng thng,khin ngi thc hnh chn chnh dit tn kh au, T-kheo sng thnh tutri kin nh vy, cng vi cc v ng Phm hnh, c trc mt ln sau lng.Php ny cn phi ghi nh, to thnh tng i, to thnh tng knh, an ha ng, a n khng tranh lun, ha hp, nht tr. Ny cc T-kheo,c su php ny, cn phi ghi nh, to thnh tng i, to thnh tng knh,a n ha ng, a n khng tranh lun, ha hp, nht tr". (Trung B I.321 B)

"Ny cc Anuruddh nh th no cc ng sng ha hp, hoan h vi nhaunh nc vi sa, sng nhn nhau vi cp mt thin cm?" - "Bch Th Tn y chng con ngh nh sau: "Tht li ch thay cho ta! Tht kho li chthay cho ta, khi ta c sng vi cc v ng phm hnh nh vy?" BchTh Tn, do vy i vi cc v ng phm hnh ny, con khi ln t thn

nghip, trc mt v sau lng, con khi ln t khu nghip trc mt v saulng,con khi ln t nghip trc mt v sau lng. Bch Th Tn, do vychng con ngh nh sau: "Ta hy t b tm ca ta v sng thun theo tmca nhng Tn gi ny. V bch Th Tn, con t b tm ca con v sngthun theo tm ca nhng Tn gi y. Bch Th Tn, chng con khc thnnhng ging nh ng mt tm". (Trung B I. 206)


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"Ny cc T - kheo, cc Thy ngh th no? Trong khi cc Thy sng cnhtranh, lun tranh, u tranh, thng nhau bng binh kh ming li, trongkhi y cc Thy c an tr t thn hnh i vi cc v ng Phm hnh ctrc mt ln sau lng khng? Cc Thy c an tr t khu hnh i vi ccv ng Phm hnh, c trc mt ln sau lng khng? Cc Thy c an tr t hnh i vi cc v ng Phm hnh c trc mt ln sau lng khng?" -"Bch Th Tn, khng". Nh vy, ny cc T-kheo, cc Thy chp nhnrng, trong khi cc Thy sng cnh tranh, lun tranh, u tranh, thngnhau bng binh kh ming li, trong khi y khng an tr t thn hnh ivi cc v ng Phm hnh c trc mt ln sau lng, khng an tr t khuhnh i vi cc v ng Phm hnh c trc mt ln sau lng, khng an trt hnh i vi cc v ng Phm hnh c trc mt ln sau lng. Nhvy, ny cc k ngu kia, do bit g, do thy g cc Thy sng cnh tranh, luntranh, u tranh, thng nhau vi nhng binh kh ming li, v cc

Thy khng t thng cm nhau, khng chp nhn ha gii. Nh vy, ny cck ngu kia, cc Thy s phi chu bt hnh, au kh trong mt thi gian di". (Trung B I. 321A-321B)

( Thch):"Ch Thin chin Tu-la,Loi Ngi cng gy chin,Khng chin gia gy chin.Trm tnh gia ao gy,Khng chp gia chp trc,Vy ta knh l chng ". (Tng ng I. 299 - 300)

Sakka vua cc ch Thin ni ln nhng cu k ny:

"Ngi y sc mnh,Chu nhn ngi yu km,Nhn y gi ti thng,Thng nhn k yu hn.Sc mnh ca k ngu,

c xem l sc mnh,Thi sc mnh k mnhc gi yu hn sao?Ngi mnh h tr php,Khng ni li phn ng.B mng, nhic mng li,c hi nng n hn.


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B mng, khng mng lic chin thng hai ln,Thng mnh v thng ngi ". (Tng ng I. 280-281)

"B-la-mn tch tnh,Lun lun sng an lc,Khng o bng dc vng,Thanh lng, khng sanh y,Mi i trc on dit,Tm kh no iu phc,Tch tnh sng an lc,Tm t t ha bnh ". (Tng ng I. 265)

"Nh Lai, bc Gic ng,

Thng xt mi hu tnh,Ai khng chu chp nhn,Ti li c pht l,Ni phn, a sn hn,Hn th cng kin cht.Ta khng thch hn th,Ta nhn ti cc ng". (Tng ng I. 29)

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CHNG BN - LI DY V CC HNG NGI THINV CHIN TRANH V HNG NGI THIN V HA

BNH

PHM 1: NGI C V NGI THIN.

Ni mt cch tng qut, c hai hng ngi i. Hng ngi thin v ciln, a thch gy s v c xu hng chin tranh. C hng ngi thin vsng ha thun, hoan h trong tnh bn v c xu hng ha bnh.

Trong hng ngi u, c th phn loi hng ngi c c, hng ngi ngusi v hng ngi sng phng ng. Trong hng ngi th hai c xp loihng ngi hnh thin, hng ngi c tr, hng ngi bit sng ch ng iu

phc.


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c Pht phn loi r rng gia thin v c khuyn tt c t ca mnhkhng lm c, lm cc hnh lnh v gi tm trong sch. Ngi bit rng lmc th d, lm lnh kh hn, nhng cc t ca Ngi phi bit la chngia c v thin, v k c phi i xung a ngc v chu rt nhiu kh au;cn bc Thin s c ln ci Tri v hng th hnh phc. Ngoi ra bcThin chi sng nh ni Tuyt vi hnh ng thin ca mnh. Cn k c thimn en bao ph nh tn bn m en.

Do vy, c Pht khuyn chng ta khng nn lm bn vi k c, ch thnthin vi bn lnh. Ngi nu r rng, nu chng ta mun sng, chng ta phitrnh c nh trnh thuc c, v mt bn tay khng thng tch c th cmthuc c m khng c hi g. Php ca bc Thin khng mt, nhng i theongi lm lnh n ch cc hnh lnh dt dn n. Cc hnh lnh n chongi lm lnh khi i t th gii ny qua th gii khc, nh b con n cho

ngi thn yu i xa mi tr v.

Nh vy, vn t ra rt r rng v dt khot. c v thin u do ti mnhto ra. c a n ci nhau, gy hn v chin tranh. Cn thin a n hathun, thn hu v ha bnh.

* * *

"Khng lm mi iu c,Thnh tu cc hnh lnh,Tm gi trong sch,Chnh li ch Pht dy ". (Php C. 183)

"D lm cc iu c,V cc iu t hi,Cn vic li v tt,Tht ti thng kh lm ". (Php C. 163)

"c hnh khng nn lm,

Lm xong chu kh ly.Thin hnh t nn lm,Lm xong, khng n nn ". (Php C, 314)

"Mt s sinh bo thai.K c sinh a ngc.Ngi thin ln ci Tri,


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V lu chng Nit-bn ". (Php C. 126)

"Ngi lnh du xa,Sng t nh ni Tuyt,K c du y,Cng khng h c thy,Nh tn bn m en". (Php C. 304)

"Ai dng cc hnh lnh,Lm xa m nghip c,S chi sng i ny,Nh trng thot my che ". (Php C. 173)

"Ch thn vi bn c,

Ch thn k tiu nhn,Hy thn ngi bn lnh,Hy thn bc thng nhn ". (Php C. 78)

"t bn ng, nhiu ca,Ngi bun trnh ng him,Mun sng, trnh thuc c,Hy trnh c nh vy ". (Php C. 123)

"Bn tay khng thng tch,C th cm thuc c,Khng thng tch trnh c,Khng lm, khng c c ". (Php C. 124)

"Nh xe vua lng ly,Cui cng b h gi,Thn ny ri s gi.Ch c php bc Thin,Khi b nn gi nua.

Nh vy bc Ch ThinNi ln cho bc Thin ". (Php C. 151)

"Khch lu ngy tha hng,An n t xa v,B con cng thn hu,Hn hoan n cho mng". (Php C. 219)


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"Cng vy, cc phc nghip,n cho ngi lm lnh,i ny n i kia,Nh thn nhn n cho ". (Php C. 220)

"T mnh iu c lm,T mnh lm nhim .T mnh c khng lm,T mnh lm thanh tnh.Thanh tnh, khng thanh tnh,u do t chnh mnh,Khng ai thanh tnh ai ". (Php C. 165)

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PHM 2: NGI NGU V BC TR.

c Pht thy r thi khc nhau ca k ngu v bc tr i vi th giiny. K ngu tham m, si m v tr thnh n l cho th gii ny. Nhngngi tr khng c m say, khng c luyn i, v x s nh ngi ch nhni vi i. Nhng li tuyn b ca c Pht, s hi, tht vng tai ha chkhi ln cho ngi ngu, khng khi ln cho ngi tr, l mt cnh conghim khc cho tt c chng ta. Ri c Pht tip n tuyn b rng ngingu x s mt cch khin cho t ng tr thnh k th. V khi danh vng nvi k ngu, k ngu phi chu bt hnh v au kh. Bc tr c hnh ng khchn. Bc tr tinh cn gia nhng ngi phng dt, tnh thc gia nhngngi m ng, bc ti nh con nga phi, b sau nhng k ngu si yu hn.Bc tr chinh phc Ma v Ma qun, un nn tm chnh trc, thc hnhThin nh, kin tr tinh tn v nh vy hng c hnh phc Nit-bn.Vi tr tu ca mnh, bc Tr chi sng i ny gm c nhng phm phu mqung v ngu si. Bc Tr ng thng nh mt hoa sen thm hng v psc, sanh ra t ng rc qung b trn ng ln. Hnh phc Nit-bn v

hnh phc Ha bnh ch n vi bc Tr, khng bao gi n vi k ngu.

* * *

"Hy n nhn i ny,Nh xe vua lng ly,Ngi ngu mi tham m,


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K tr no m say ". (Php C. 171)

"Ny cc T-kheo, nu c s hi g khi ln, chng khi ln cho ngi ngu,ch khng phi cho ngi tr. Nu c tht vng g khi ln, chng khi lncho ngi ngu, ch khng phi khi ln cho ngi tr. Nu c tai ha g khiln, chng khi ln cho ngi ngu, ch khng phi cho ngi tr". (TrungB III. 188)

"Ngi ngu si thiu tr,T ng l k th.Lm c nghip khng thin,Phi chu qu ng cay". (Php C. 66)

"T n chu bt hnh,

Khi danh n k ngu,Vn may b tn hi,No u b nt tan ". (Php C. 72)

"Tinh cn gia phng dt,Tnh thc gia qun m,Ngi tr nh nga phi,B sau con nga hn". (Php C. 29)

"Nh chim thin nga bay,Thn thng ling gia tri.Chin thng Ma, Ma qun,Bc tr thot i ny". (Php C. 175)

"Tm hong ht dao ng,Kh h tr, kh nhip,Ngi tr lm tm thng,Nh th tn, lm tn". (Php C. 33)

"Ngi hng tu Thin nh,Thng kin tr tinh tn,Bc Tr hng Nit-bn,ch an n, v thng". (Php C. 23)

"Nh gia ng rc nhp,Qung b trn ng ln,


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Ch y hoa sen n,Thm sch p ngi" (Php C. 58)

"Cng vy gia qun sanh,U nhim, m, phm tc, t bc Chnh tr,Sng ngi vi tu tr". (Php C. 59)

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PHM 3: NGI PHNG DT V BC T IU.

c Pht bit r tm t xu hng ca chng sanh. Ngi bit rng ngi ngusi chuyn sng i phng tng, bung lung, cn ngi c tr thi khng

phng dt, nh gi gn ti sn qu. Do vy Ngi khuyn ngi c tr vi nlc, khng phng dt, kho ch ng, t mnh xy dng mt hn o mnc lt khng th ngp trn. Ai trc kia sng phng ng nay sng khng

phng dt s chi sng i ny nh trng thot my che.

i vi c Pht, mt ngi chin thng ngn qun ch chin trngkhng th so snh vi mt ngi t chin thng mnh, v rng t chinthng mnh l chin thng ti thng. Mt ngi t iu phc mnh thngsng ch ng. V mt t ng kho ch ng v kho iu phc tr thnh mtim ta c gi tr v ng tin cy, tht kh tm c. Ngi no ngi nmmt mnh, c hnh khng bun chn, bit t iu phc, ngi nh vy cth sng thoi mi trong rng su. Ngi nh vy s l bc o S ng tincy, v rng t kho iu phc mnh ri mi dy cho ngi khc kho iu

phc. Do vy c Pht khuyn mi ngi hy t iu phc mnh. Ch nhngngi kho t iu, nhng ngi khng phng dt mi bit con ng chmdt tranh lun, ci v, gy hn v bit sng ha hp, thn i v sng hnh

phc trong ha bnh.

* * *

"Chng ngu si, c tr,Chuyn sng i phng tng.Ngi tr khng phng dt,Nh gi ti sn qu". (Php C. 26)

"N lc, khng phng dt,


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T iu, kho ch ng,K tr xy hn o,Nc lt kh ngp trn". (Php C. 25)

"Ai trc sng bung lung,Sau sng khng phng dt,S chi sng i nyNh trng thot my che". (Php C. 172)

"Du ti bi chin trng,Thng ngn ngn qun ch,T thng mnh tt hn,Tht chin thng ti thng". (Php C. 103)

"T thng tt p hn,Hn chin thng ngi khc.Ngi kho iu phc mnh,Thng sng t ch ng". (Php C. 104)

"T mnh nng ta mnh,No c im ta khc.Nh kho iu phc mnhc im ta kh c". (Php C. 160)

"T mnh che ch mnh,T mnh nng ta mnh.Vy hy t iu phc,Nh thng khch nga hin". (Php C. 380)

"Ai nm ngi mt mnh,c hnh, khng bun chn,T iu phc mt mnh.Ngi y sng thoi mi,

Trong rng su thanh vng". (Php C. 305)

"Hy t lm cho mnh,Nh iu mnh dy ngi.Kho t iu, iu ngi,Kh thay, t iu phc". (Php C. 159)


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"Ngi tr thy dn nc,K lm tn nn tn,Ngi th mc un vn,Bc t iu, iu thn". (Php C. 145)

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CH VIT TT

A: Anguttara NikyaDhp: DhammapadaE: EnglishM: Majjhima NikyaP: Pli

S: Samyutta NikyaTng Chi: Tng Chi B KinhTrung B: Trung B KinhTng ng: Tng ng B KinhV: Vit Nam

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