ninh thương vụ chương 3.docx

8/10/2019 ninh thng v chng 3.docx

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I.C sphp l cho hot ng vn ti ng hnh khng1. C sphp l cho hot ng vn ti ng hng khng ni a

Cc tchc vn ti hng khng Vit Nam bao gm:+ Hng HK quc gia (Vietnam Airlines)

+ Hng HK cphn Pacific Airlines (Vietnam Airlines chim 40% vnphp nh)+ Cng ty bay dch vVit Nam VASCO+ Tng cng ty bay dch vVit Nam SFC thuc BQuc phng VN c

hn 30 hng HK quc gia v khuvc khc nhau hot ng1.1 C sphp l cho hot ng vn ti ng hng khng Vit Nam

Lut Hng khng dn dng Vit Nam: Thng qua 26/12/1991, c hiu lc1/1992, c sa i b sung ngy 20/4/1995

Lut hng khng dn dng Vit nam thng qua 29/06/2006, c hiu lc thihnh t01/01/2007

iu lvn chuyn hng ho quc tdo hng hng khng quc gia ban hnh27/10/1993

1.2 Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch hng khng Vit nam1.2.1 Thi hn trch nhim- Theo iu 25 Lut HKDD 1991: Thi hn trch nhim ca ngi chuynch hng khng l thi gian ngi chuyn ch hngkhng phi chu trch

nhim i vi hng ho, hnh l k gi hoc hnh khch trong qu trnhchuyn ch bng my bay.- Theo iu 161 Lut HKDD 2006: t khi nhn hng n khi giao hng- i vi hnh khch: trong tu bay, trong qu trnh nhn vin hng khnga hnh khch ln xung my bay.1.2.2 C s trch nhim

Trch nhim: i vi hng ho, hnh l k gi:+ Chu trch nhim i vi mt mt, thiu ht, h hng hng ho, hnh l

k gi trong qa trnh chuyn ch hng ho.+ Chu trch nhim i vi tn tht thit hi do chm giao

i vi hnh khch:c trch nhim bi thng thit hi nu hnh khchcht, b thng trong tu bay, trong thi gian hnh khch ln tu bay hoc ritu bay.

Min trch: Do bn cht t nhin, khuyt tt vn c (ni t, n t ca hng ho) Do hnh ng bt gi, cng ch ca c quan Nh nc/to n Do xung t v trang hay chin tranh

Do li ca ngi gi hng, ngi nhn hng, ngi p ti hng1.2.3 Gii hn trch nhim


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Khon tin ln nht ngi chuyn ch phi bi thng cho ch hng trn 1kg hng ho b mt mt, h hng.

Nu hng ho c k khai gi tr trn vn n (Declared value): bithng theo gi tr k khai

Nu ngi chuyn ch chng minh c rng gi tr thc t nh hngi tr k khai: bi thng theo gi tr thc t Nu hng ho khng k khai gi tr trn vn n (Non declared value):

s dng gii hn trch nhim ca ngi vn chuyn Nu khng xc nh c gi tr thit hi thc t: s dng gii hn

trch nhim ca ngi vn chuynMc bi thng thit hi khng vt qu gii hn trch nhim dn s

Lut HK DD VN 1992 Hng ho v hnh l k gi: 20 USD/kg hay 9,07 USD/pound. Hng

hng bao b: 100 USD/bao b

Hng ho b tht lc: sau 14 ngy k t ngy hng ng l phi cgiaobi thng nh tn tht ton b nu khch hng yu cu

Hnh l xch tay: 400 USD/hnh khch.

1 im i/n/dng thuc M: 1.250USD/hnh khch.

Ngi vn chuyn hng khng phi hon li ngi gi hng cc ph,ph ph vn chuyn s hng ho v hnh l k gi b thit hi. Lut HK DD VN 2006

i vi hnh khch:

+ 100.000 SDR/khch nu tn tht ton b+ 4.150 SDR/khch nu vn chuyn chm i vi hnh l (k gi v xch tay): 1000 SDR/hnh khch i vi hng ho: 17 SDR/kg. SDR i sang VND theo t gi chnh thc ca NHNNVN p dng thm quy nh ca NT Guatemala nm 1971 v tnh trng

lng hng ha bi thng.1.2.4 Khiu ni v kin tng

Thi hn khiu ni

Hng ho thiu ht, h hng: 14 ngy k t ngy nhn hng Hng ho mt: 21 ngy k t ngy hng ng l phi tr. Hng chm giao: 21 ngy k t ngy hng ng l phi c giao. Hnh l mt mt, h hng, thiu ht: 7 ngy k t ngy nhn hnh l.

B h s khiu ni n th khiu ni. Chng t lin quan n hng ho: Commercial Invoice, Packing list,

GCN phm cht, s lng, trng lng, xut x... Chng t lin quan n hnh trnh: AWB v/hoc chng t vn ti .

Chng t c lin quan n tn tht Bin bn kt ton tin i bi thng


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1.2.5Thi hn khi kinMt nm k t ngy hng c vn chuyn ti sn bay n hoc k t

ngy hng ng l c vn chuyn ti sn bay n hoc k t ngy vic vnchuyn b nh tr.

2.

C s php l cho hot ng vn ti hng khng quc tCng c quc t chungCng c Pari v khng vn nm 1919 v cng c Chicago nm 1944:

S ra i ca cng c ChicagoCng c Pari v khng vn nm 1919 khng cn ph hp vi thc t

hot ng hng khng dn dng quc t. Hi ngh quc t v hng khng dndng c t chc ti Chicago t ngy 1/11 n 7/12/1944 vi s tham giaca 52 nc son tho cng c quc t v hng khng dn dng. Ngy7/12/1944 hi ngh Chicago kt thc bng vic k vn bn cui cng, hipnh lm thi v hng khng dn dng quc t (34 nc k), Cng c vhng khng dn dng quc t v thnh lp t chc hng khng dn dng quct (38 nc k), Hip nh v vn ti hng khng qu cnh (26 nc k) vhip nh v vn ti hng khng quc t (11 nc k)

B cc v ni dung cng c: Cng c gm 4 phn(22 chng)vi 96 iu( v mt s iu b sung nh 3 bis,83bis, 93 bis...) nhm quy

phm: Cc quy nh chung iu chnh quan h gia cc quc gia trong hotng ca hng khng d dng trn trng quc t v quy nh trnh t t chcv hot ng ca t chc hng khng dn dng quc t.

Ni dung cng c: S khng nh li nguyn tc ch quyn qucgia i vi vng tri trn lnh th quc gia v cc hu qu php l ca n.Quc tch tu bay v cc vn ng k quc gia. Ngha v bo m an tonv hiu qu cho hot ng ca hng khng dn dng quc t. Vn khng

phn bit i x gia cc quc gia thnh vin ICAO. Cc quy nh c bit vvn ti hng khng quc t. Gii quyt tranh chp v cc ch ti

Gii thiu v cc t chc vn ti hng khng dn dng quc t T chc hng khng dn dng quc t (ICAO)ICAOInternational Civil Aviation Organization-1947

Mc ch ca ICAO- Bo m pht trin VTHK quc t an ton- Khuyn khch ch to v mc ch ha bnh- Khuyn khch s pht trin cc ng hng khng, cng hng khng- p ng cc nhu cu ca mi ngi v VTHK an ton- Trnh s lng ph tin do cnh tranh khng hp l- Trnh s phn bit i x;- y mnh s pht trin chung ca ngnh hng khng quc t

Thnh vinca ICAO hin nay bao gm gn 190 quc gia

Vit Nam l thnh vin chnh thc ca ICAO ngy 2/4/1980

Tr s chnhMontreal


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Cc vn phng ti: Paris, Dakar, Cairo, Bangkok, Lima v Mexico

Hip hi vn ti hng khng quc t - IATAIATAInternational Air Transport Association-1945-Habana

Mc ch ca IATA l:- y mnh pht trin VTHK trn th gii u n, an ton v hiu qu- y mnh pht trin thng mi bng ng hng khng v nghin cunhng vn lin quan n thng mi hng khng;- Cung cp cc phng tin phi hp gia cc doanh nghip VTHK thamgia trc tip hay gin tip cung cp dch v VTHK;- Hp tc cht ch vi ICAO v cc t chc quc t khc.

Thnh vin ca IATAl cc hng hng khng ng k cc nc thnhvin ICAO (hin nay c khong 270 thnh vin).

Hng HKQG Vit Nam (VNA) l thnh vin chnh thc ca IATA t5/11/2006

Tr s chnh l ti Montreal (Canada)

Cc vn phng:NewYork, Geneve, London, Bankok, Singapore,..

Lin on quc t cc Hip hi giao nhn FIATAFIATA - Federation Internationale des Associations de Transitaires et

Assimiles1926 ti Vienne (o)

Thnh vin ca FIATA c 2 loi:

+ thnh vin chnh thc (ordinaty member): Hip hi giao nhn QG+ thnh vin hp tc (associated member): cc cty giao nhn ring lPh trch v VTHK ca FIATA l Vin VTHK

Hin nay, FIATA i hin cho hn 35.000 cty giao nhn trn 130 QG

Hip hi cc hng hng khng chu Thi Bnh DngAAPA-Association of Asia Pacific Airlines-1965 Manila

Mc ch ca AAPA

- Cung cp ngun phn tch c cht lng cao v c c s thng tin h tr chocc thnh vin- To iu kin gp g cho cc thnh vin trao i thng tin, quan im vcc vn cng quan tm- To ra mt khun kh cho cc thnh vin cng tho lun cc bin php gimnh nh hng xu gy thit hi ca cnh tranh khng lnh mnh, gii quyttc ng xu ca cc quy nh kh trong ngnh v ca cc Chnh ph

AAPA c 19 hng hng khng l thnh vin chnh thcVNA l thnh vin ca AAPA t thng 11/1997

SkyTeam-Lin minh hng khng ton cu


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L lin minh cc hng hng khng ln th hai th gii, sau StarAlliance.

SkyTeam c thnh lp ngy 22/06/2000 bi cc cng ty hng khngAero Mexico, Air France, Delta Air Lines v Korean Air.

SkyTeam hin c 11 hi vin ton phn, 3 hi vin cng tc vi khong2.513 my bay.

2000: Aero Mexico, Air France, Delta Air Lines, Korean Air (hi vinsng lp)

2001: CSA Czech Airlines, Alitalia

2004: Continental Airlines (USA), KLM Royal Dutch Airlines,

Northwest Airlines (USA)

2006: Aeroflot (Russia)

2007: China Southern

2007: Air Europa (Spain), Copa Airlines (Panama), Kenya Airways(hi vin cng tc)

2010: Vietnam Airlines (Vit Nam) (10/6/2010) l hng HK u tinca ng Nam

2.1 Cc iu c quc t v vn ti hng khng Cng c Vc-sa-va 1929Vn t hng khng quc t c iu chnh ch yu bi Cng c quct thng nht mt s quy tc v vn t hng khng quc t c k tiVc-sa-va ngy 12/10/1929 gi tt l Cng c Vc-sa-va 1929.

Ngh nh th sa i Cng c Vc-sa-va. Ngh nh th ny k tiHague 28/91955, nn gi tt l Nghnh th Hague 1955.

Cng c b sung cho cng c Vc-sa-va c k kt ti Guadalazalangy 18/9/1961, nn gi tt l Cng c Guadalazala 1961.

Hip nh lin quan ti gii hn ca Cng c Vac-sa-va v ngh nhth Hague. Hip nh ny c thng qua ti Montreal 13/5/1966, nn gi ttl Hip nh Montreal 1966.

Ngh nh th sa i Cng c Vc-sa-va 12/10/1929 c sa ibi ngh nh th Hague 28/9/1995. Ngh nh ny k ti thnh ph

Guatemala 8/3/1971, nn gi tt l Ngh nh th Guatemala 1971.Ngh nh th b sung 1: Ngh nh th sa i cng c Vac-sa-va

1929. Ngh nh th ny c kt ti Montreal ngy 25 thng 9 nm 1975 nngi tt l Ngh nh th Montreal 1975 s 1.

Ngh nh th b sung s 2:Ngh nh th sa i cng c Vac-sa-va1929 c sa i bng Ngh nh th Hague 1955. Ngh nh th nyc k kt ti Montreal ngy 25/9/1975, nn gi tt l Ngh nh thMontreal 1975, bn s 2.

Ngh nh th b sung th 3:Ngh nh th sa i cng c Vac-sa-

va 12/10/1929 c sa i bi cc ngh nh th ti Hague ngy28/9/1955 v ti thnh ph Guatemala ngy 8/3/1971. Ngh nh th ny c


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k kt ti Montreal 25/9/1975, nn gi tt l Ngh nh th Montreal nm1975, bn s 3.

Ngh nh th b sung s 4:Ngh nh th sa i cng c Warsaw12/10/1929 c sa i bi ngh nh th Hague ngy 28/9/1955. Ngh

nh th ny k kt ti Montreal, nn goil tt l Ngh nh th Montreal nm1975, bn s 4. Cc cng c, hip nh, ngh nh th... ch yu sa i b sung gii

hn trch nhim bi thng ca ngi chuyn ch hng khng i vi tai nnv hng hc, thit hi v hng ho, hnh l v thi hn thng bo tn tht,khiu ni ngi chuyn ch...

Ngoi ra cn c cc cng c v hng khng dn dng:Cng c Habana 1928; Cng c Rome nm 1933( quy nh gii hn

trch nhimca ngi khai thc hng khng i vi ngi th ba); Cng c

Rome 1952 b sung cho cng c Rome 1933; Cng c Tokyo 1963 (tiphm v cc hnh vi khc gy ra trn my bay); Cng c Hague 1970( vchng khng tc); Cng c Montreal 1971( v ph hoi my bay v sn bay)

2.2 Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch hng khng2.2.1Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch hng khng theo cng c Vc-sa-va 1929

Khi ni ti trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch hng khng , cng c Vc -sa-va 1929 cp ti 3 ni dung : Thi hn trch nhim , c s trch nhim ,gii hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch.

Thi hn trch nhim: L iu khon quy nh trch nhim ca ngichuyn ch v mt thi gian v khng gian i vi hng ho .Theo cng cVc-sa-va, ngi chuyn ch phi chu trch nhim i vi hng ho trongqu trnh vn chuyn bng my bay . Vn chuyn bng my bay bao gm giaion m hng ho nm trong s bo qun ca ngi chuyn ch hng khng cng hng khng, trong my bay, hoc bt c ni no nu my bay phih cnh ngoi cng hng khng .

Vn chuyn bng my bay khng m rng ti bt k vic vn chuynno bng ng b , ng bin hoc ng sng tin hnh ngoi cng hngkhng. Tuy nhin , nu vic vn chuyn nh vy xy ra trong khi thc hinhp ng vn chuyn bng my bay nhm mc ch ly hng , giao hocchuyn ti hng th thit hi c coi l kt qu ca s kin xy ra trong qutrnh vn chuyn bng my bay.C s trch nhimca ngi chuyn ch hng khng

Theo cng c Vac-sa-va 1929, ngi chuyn ch phi chu trchnhim v thit hi trong trng hp mt mt, thiu ht, h hng hng hotrong qu trnh vn chuyn hng khng. Ngi chuyn ch cng phi chutrch nhim v thit hi xy ra do chm trong qu trnh vn chuynhng ho

bng my bay. Tuy nhin , ngi chuyn ch khng phi chu trch nhimnu anh ta chng minh c rng anh ta v i l ca anh ta p dng mi


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bin php cn thit trnh thit hi hoc khng th p dng c nhngbin php nh vy trong kh nng ca mnh. Ngi chuyn ch cng khngphi chu trch nhim bi thng nu anh ta chng minh c rng thit hixy ra do li trong vic hoa tiu , ch huy hoc vn hnh my bay hoc trong

mi phng tin khc m anh ta v i l ca anh ta p dng mi binphp cn thit nhng thit hi vn xy ra . Nh vy theo cng c Vc-sa-va , ngi chuyn ch hng khng

phi chu trch nhimbi thng trong hai trng hp sau : hng ho b mtmt h hi v hng ho b giao chm trong thi hn trch nhim ca ngichuyn ch .

Nhng, theo cng c th ngi chuyn ch c hng min trchnhim khng phi bi thng khi tn tht ca hng ho l do li trong vichoa tiu , ch huy vn hnh my bay hoc trong trng hp ngi chuyn ch

hay ngi thay mt h c gng ht sc trong kh nng c th nhng tn thtv hng ho vn xy ra.

Gii hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch hng khng

Gii hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch l iu khon quy nhstin ln nht m ngi chuyn ch phi bi thng cho mt n v hng hotrong trng hp tnh cht v tr gi khng c k khai trn vn n hngkhng.

Theo cng c Vc-sa-va 1929, trch nhim ca ngi chuyn chc gii hn mt khon 250 Frng/kg tr phi ngi gi hng c t kkhai c bit tr gi ni giao hng, vo lc hng ho c giao cho ngichuyn ch v mt khon ph b sung nu ngi chuyn ch yu cu.

Trong trng hp tr gi hng ho c k khai trn vn n th giihn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch l tr gi k khai trn vn n .

Nu tr gi hng ho m ngi gi hng k khai trn vn n ln hngi tr thc t ca hng ho lc giao hng th ngi chuyn ch ch phi bithng ti gi tr ca hng ho lc giao hng nu h chng minh c nhvy .

ng Frng ni y l ng Frng Php c hm lng vng l 65,5mg vng, tinh khit 900/1000 Khon tin ny c th i ra bt k ngtin quc gia no theo s trn .

Trong trng hp ngi chuyn ch c gy tn tht cho hng ho thh khng c hng gii hn trch nhim ni trn.2.2.2Nhng sa i, b sung Cng c Vc-sa-va v trch nhim ca

ngi chuyn ch Theo ngh nh th Hague 1955 th ngi chuyn ch khng c

min trch i vi nhng tn tht v hng ho do li trong vic hoa tiu , chhuy v iu hnh my bay.Nhng theo Hague th ngi chuyn ch cmin trnh nhim khi mt mt, h hi hng ho l do kt qu ca ni t, n tv phm cht ca hng ho chuyn ch (Mc XII , ngh nh th Hague).


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Cng c Guadalajara 1961 cp n trch nhim ca ngichuyn ch theo hp ng v ng chuyn ch thc s m Cng c Vc-sa-va cha cp ti.Theo Cng c Guadalajara th ngi chuyn ch theohp ng l ngi k mt hp ng vn chuyn c iu chnh bng Cng

c Vac-sa-va 1929 vi ngi gi hng hay vi ngi thay mt ngi gihng (mc I , khon b ).Ngi chuyn ch thc s l mt ngi khc, khngphi l ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng, thc hin ton b hay mt phn hpng vn chuyn (mc I khon c ).Cng c Guadalajara quy nh rng, cngi chuyn ch thc s v ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng u phi chutrch nhim thc hin hp ng. Nhng khi bao gm c vn chuyn k tipth ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng c trch nhim i vi ton b qu trnhvn ti, ngi chuyn ch thc s ch c trch nhim i vi phn thc hinca anh ta.Khi khiu ni , ngi nhn hng c th la chn khiu ni tngngi chuyn ch thc s hoc khiu ni ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng.

Nghnh th Guatemala 1971 quy dnh chi tit hn cch tnh trnglng hng ho xt bi thng.Theo ngh nh th Guatemala, trongtrng hp hng ho b mt mt, h hi hoc giao chm mt phn th trnglng c xem xt tnh s tin m ngi chuyn ch phi chu trchnhim bi thng l trng lng ca mt hay nhiu kin b tn tht. Nhngnu phn hng ho b mt mt, h hi hay giao chm li nh hng n gi trca kin khc ghi trong cng mt vn n hng khng th ton b trng lngca mt kin hay nhiu kin khc y cng dc xem xt v gii hn trchnhim ca ngi chuyn ch (mc VIII, khon 2b). iu ny khng c quynh trong Cng c Vc-sa-va cng nh ngh nh th v cng c trcngh nh th Guatemala.

Cc ngh nh th Montreal 1975, s 1,2,3,4 quy nh mt s imkhc sau y:

+ Gii hn trch nhim c th hin bng ng SDR ch khng phing Frng nh cng c Vc-sa-va 1929. Gii hn trch nhim ca ngichuyn ch theo ngh nh th s 1 i vi hng ho l 17SDR/kg.

+ Vi nhng nc khng phi thnh vin ca Qu tin t quc t th cth i ng SDR ra tin t quc gia khi bi thng. Nu lut quc gia khng

cho php nh vy th c th s dng gii hn trch nhim l 250 Fngvng/kg nh ni trn.

+ Tng thm nhng min trch sau y cho ngi chuyn ch hng khngkhi hng ho mt mt, h hi do:

o Thiu xt trong ng gi hng ho do ngi chuyn ch, ngiphc v hay ngi i l ca h thc hin.

o Hnh ng chin tranh hoc xung t v trang.o

Hnh ng do chnh quyn nhn dn thc hin c lin quan nxut nhp khu qu cnh.

2.3 Khiu ni v kin tng ngi chuyn ch hng khng


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2.3.1Khiu ni Khiu ni l vic lm cn thit v quan trng ca ngi i nhn hng

khi hng ho b tn tht v giao chm trong qu trnh vn chuyn. Khiu nim ng cho vic kin tng sau ny.

Mun khiu ni c hiu qu th vic khiu ni phi tin hnh ng thtc v thi hn. iu 26, cng c Vc-sa-va quy nh nh sau "Vic nhnhng m khng c khiu ni g ca ngi nhn hng l bng chng u tinrng hng ho v hnh l c giao trong iu kin tt v ph hp vichng t vn chuyn".

Trong trng hp thit hi, ngi c quyn nhn hng phi khiu ningi vn chuyn ngay lp tc sau khi pht hin ra thit hi v chm nhtl 7 ngy sau ngy nhn hng.

Trng hp chm ch n khiu ni phi chm nht trong vng 7 ngy

k t ngy nhn hng.

Trng hp chm ch, n khiu ni phi lm chm nht trong vng 14ngy k t ngy hng ho l ra phi tdi quyn nh ot ca ngi nhnhng.

Mi n khiu ni phi c lp thnh vn bn ng vi chng t vnchuyn hoc bng thng bo ring gi trong thi gian ni trn.

Khng khiu ni vo trong thi gian ni trn th khng vic khi kinno c coi l hp php chng li ngi vn chuyn tr khi h gian ln.

Theo ngh nh th Hague 1955, thi gian khiu ni ngi chuyn ch

v tn tht hng ho v giao chm theo Cng c Vac-sa-va 1929 l 7 ngyv 14 ngy c nng ln l 14 n 21 ngy k t ngy nhn hng. 2.3.2Thi hn khiu ni ngi chuyn ch hng khng

Theo cng c Vac-sa-va, quyn i thit hi b hu b, nu vic khikin khng c thc hin trong vng 2 nm k t ngy my bay n aim n hoc k t ngy l ra my bay phi n hoc k t ngy vn chuynchm dt (iu 29, khon 1, cng c Vac-xa-va 1929).2.3.3i tng khiu ni

Hnh trnh hng khng c th c nhiu ngi chuyn ch khc nhau, trongtrng hp ny, ngi nhn hng, ngi gi hng c khiu ni nhng ngichuyn ch sau y:

+ Ngi chuyn ch u tin+ Ngi chuyn ch cui cng+ Ngi chuyn ch m on chuyn ch ca h hng ho b tn tht

2.3.4Ni kinDo tnh quc t ca vn ti hng khng, ngi i kin v b kin c th

nhng nc khc nhau. V vy khi i kin phi xc nh ni kin ph hp. Theo cng c Vac-sa-va 1929 th tu s la chon ca nguyn n, th

vic khi kin c th c tin hnh ti:+ To n ca mt trong cc bn k cng c, hoc


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+ To n, ni c nh ca ngi vn chuyn, hoc+ Ni c tr s kinh doanh chnh ca ngi vn chuyn, hoc+ Ni ngi vn chuyn c tr s m hp ng c k, hoc to n cthm quyn ti ni hng n.

Nhng vn v th tc t tng do to n th l v kin iu chnh.

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ninh thương vụ chương 3.docx