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NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for the Treatment of Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases 1 Jonathan Zalevsky SVP Research & CSO Nektar Therapeutics

NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

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Page 1: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for the Treatment of Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases

1

Jonathan ZalevskySVP Research & CSO Nektar Therapeutics

Page 2: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

Introduction

• A progressive imbalance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) relative to conventional T cells (Tcon) is shared by many autoimmune diseases

• Enhanced sensitivity of Tregs to IL‐2 supports use of low‐dose IL‐2 therapy– Low‐dose IL‐2 therapy hampered by poor pharmacokinetics, AEs, short‐

lived effects– Magnitude of Treg mobilization ultimately limited by elicitation of Tcon– Clinical benefit demonstrated in GVHD, psoriasis, SLE and other 

indications

2

Page 3: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358

3

• Preferential increase in number and activity of Tregs, minimal action on non‐Tregs– Potential first‐in‐class therapeutic for direct manipulation of Tregs

• Biotherapeutic born from Nektar’s extensive development experience with IL‐2 and polymer conjugation

• Utilizes the FDA‐approved aldesleukin sequence• Monthly or twice monthly self‐administered subcutaneous product for 

the treatment of autoimmune, chronic inflammatory, and allergy indications

Nektar and Eli Lilly entered into a co‐development agreement for NKTR‐358 in August 2017

Page 4: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

Design and Discovery of NKTR‐358

4

Page 5: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 was Discovered by In Vivo Screening

5

IL-2qdx5SC

Assess immune cell populations in blood using flow cytometry

ConjugateSingle dose

SC

C57Bl/6

• NKTR‐358 discovered through an in vivo testing funnel

– Subcutaneous injection– Blood Treg levels measured

• Similar results in spleen

– Assessment of Tconv and Teff to examine potential for broad‐scale immune  activation

• Design goals– Optimize IL‐2 pathway activation for Treg specificity– Biological activity on both nTreg and iTreg populations– Improve margin of Treg/Tcon responses seen with IL‐2– Reversible pharmacological effect to increase both Treg number 

and function– Utilize FDA approved aldesleukin amino acid sequence– Subcutaneous route of administration– Q2wk or Q4wk dosing

Page 6: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

Calibrating the System with Native IL‐2

6

IL-2qdx5SC

Assess immune cell populations in blood using flow cytometry

C57Bl/6

• 1mg/kg qdx5 is near MTD and anti‐tumor efficacious dose

• 0.1mg/kg qdx5 is an appropriate comparison to low‐dose IL‐2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Treg, IL-2

Time (Days)

IL-2, 0.1mg/kg qdx5IL-2, 0.3mg/kg qdx5IL-2, 1mg/kg qdx5

dosing

Page 7: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

Comparison of NKTR‐358 and IL‐2 by In Vivo Screening

7

IL-2qdx5SC

Assess immune cell populations in blood using flow cytometry

ConjugateSingle dose

SC

C57Bl/6

Fold

cha

nge

in T

reg

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140

5

10

15

20

25

IL-2

Time (Days)

Fold

cha

nge

in T

reg

(mea

n S

EM) IL-2, 0.1mg/kg qdx5

IL-2, 0.3mg/kg qdx5IL-2, 1mg/kg qdx5

dosing

Page 8: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 is Selective for Treg Populations

8

Fold

cha

nge

in C

D8

Tota

l cel

ls /

l

Tota

l cel

ls /

l

Tota

l cel

ls /

l

Treg (blood)

Page 9: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 Preferentially Expands Tregs in Monkeys

9

Cell

num

ber f

old

chan

ge(m

ean

SEM

)

Cell

num

ber f

old

chan

ge(m

ean

SEM

)

Cynomolgus monkey : 1M + 1F25µg/kg : NKTR‐358 single dose vs. qdx5 for IL‐2

Page 10: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 Promotes Greater Treg Proliferation and Activation than IL‐2

10

Cynomolgus monkey : 1M + 1F25µg/kg : NKTR‐358 single dose vs. qdx5 for IL‐2

%K

i67+

of T

reg

(mea

n S

EM)

Fold

-cha

nge

in M

FI (m

ean

SEM

)

Fold

-cha

nge

in M

FI (m

ean

SEM

)

Page 11: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

11

Cynomolgus monkey : 1M + 1F25µg/kg : NKTR‐358 single dose vs. qdx5 for IL‐2

NKTR‐358 Does Not Increase Eosinophil Levels in Monkeys

Page 12: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

Molecular Pharmacology Characterization of NKTR‐358

12

Page 13: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 has Attenuated Affinity to IL‐2 Receptors

• PEG‐conjugation reduces binding affinity of NKTR‐358 relative to IL‐2

• Relative to IL‐2, NKTR‐358 has:– Lower binding affinity to IL‐2R– Different binding bias for IL‐2R & IL‐2R

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0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000IL-2NKTR-358

PEG-conjugated IL-2, NKTR-358

IL-2R IL-2R

CD25(IL-2R

Treg cells

Receptor Binding

Page 14: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 PK After Subcutaneous Administration to Mouse and Monkey

14

• Half‐life values are:– ~2 days in mouse and rat– ~10 days in monkey

Page 15: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 Favors Activation of Treg Over Tcon

15

pSTA

T5 M

FI

pSTA

T5 M

FI

Page 16: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 Favors Activation of Treg Over Other Subsets

16

Low expression High expressionpSTAT5

• Healthy human PBMCs 

– IL‐2 or NKTR‐358 for 15 min

– Analysis by CyTof

• IL‐2 and NKTR‐358 had primary effect on pSTAT5

– No effect on pAKT, pERK, pS6, and pSTAT3 (save IL‐2 on CD56+++ NK)

Page 17: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 Promotes Selective Treg Activation In Vivo

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

2

4

6

8

10CD8 T cells

Days post dose0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000CD4 Treg, CD25 MFI

Days post dose

Mea

n Fl

uore

scen

ce In

tens

ity0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0

25

50

75

100Ki67+ Treg

Days post dose

0.03 mg/kg0.1 mg/kg0.3 mg/kg

Vehicle

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

5

10

15

20NK cells

Days post dose0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000CD4 Treg, FoxP3 MFI

Days post dose0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0

10

20

30

40

50ICOS+ Treg

Days post dose

Helios, GITR, CTLA‐4, CD39, CD73, OX40, and 

PD‐1 (not shown)

Page 18: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 Promotes Treg Suppressive Function In Vivo

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1:2 1:4 1:8 1:16

1:32

1:64

1:128

1:256

1:512 0:1

0

50

100

150 Vehicle, d1

Treg:Tcon

% P

rolif

erat

ing

Cel

ls(M

ean

SEM

)

1:2 1:4 1:8 1:16

1:32

1:64

1:128

1:256

1:512 0:1

% P

rolif

erat

ing

Cel

ls(M

ean

SEM

)

1:2 1:4 1:8 1:16

1:32

1:64

1:128

1:256

1:512 0:1

% P

rolif

erat

ing

Cel

ls(M

ean

SEM

)

1:2 1:4 1:8 1:16

1:32

1:64

1:128

1:256

1:512 0:1

% P

rolif

erat

ing

Cel

ls(M

ean

SEM

)

% P

rolif

erat

ing

Cel

ls (M

ean

SEM

)

Page 19: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 Expands Both nTreg and iTreg Populations In Vivo

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Page 20: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 Suppresses Inflammation in Mouse DTH

Page 21: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 Promotes Treg Infiltration in Mouse DTH

Page 22: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

Combination of NKTR‐358 + Anti‐Inflammatory: Synergy of Non‐Overlapping MOAs

Page 23: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 Promotes Antigen‐Specific Treg Memory

0 24 48 72 96 120 144 1680

5

10

15

20OVA

Time post OVA challenge (h)

Vehicle0.1 mg/kg

0 24 48 72 96 120 144 1680

5

10

15

20KLH

Time post KLH challenge (h)

Vehicle0.1 mg/kg

SensitizationKLH, flank

ElicitationKLH, ear

Measure ear

Day 0 Day 5

NKTR-358 s.c. q3d; CsA qd3 – 4 weeks, no treatment

SensitizationOVA, flank OVA

Measure ear

Day 0

orElicitation

KLH

Primary efficacy Rechallenge : Antigen‐specific Treg memory

Day 5

Page 24: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 Suppresses Inflammation in Monkey DTH

24

CHS: Cutaneous HypersensitivityTT: Tetanus ToxoidArrows: NKTR-358 s.c., 0.003 & 0.015 mg/kg q2w*: p < 0.05 vs CHS, ANOVA

Naive CHS 0.003 0.0150

20

40

60

80

Skin Spot Area

** *

Naive CHS 0.003 0.0150

1

2

3

Erythema

* *

Naive CHS 0.003 0.0150

1

2

3

4

Edema

*

*

Measure CHS

TTSensitization

TTElicitation

Week‐6

Week‐4

Week‐2

Week0

TTSensitization

TTSensitization

Page 25: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 Efficacy in OVA‐Induced Food Allergy in Mice

Clinical Score MCPT1 Anti‐OVA IgE

Page 26: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

NKTR‐358 Efficacy in Mouse SLE

• NKTR‐358 demonstrated dose‐dependent efficacy on multiple parameters in mouse SLE

• 0.3 mg/kg (q3d, week 8‐20) reduces urine protein and blood urea nitrogen to naïve mouse parameters

• Efficacy is consistent with Treg elevation

Prot

ein

Leve

l (g/

L)

Vehicle(C57Bl/6)

Vehicle(lpr)

0.03mg/kg

0.3mg/kg

Vehicle(C57Bl/6)

Vehicle(lpr)

0.03mg/kg

0.3mg/kg

Vehicle(C57Bl/6)

Vehicle(lpr)

0.03mg/kg

0.3mg/kg

Page 27: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

Development Status of NKTR‐358

• Phase I Single Ascending Dose trial initiated March 2017– Primary readouts are Treg mobilization and activity, Treg/Tcon

selectivity ratio, PK and safety

• Phase I Multiple Ascending Dose trial in SLE Patients initiated May 2018– Primary readouts are Treg mobilization, Treg/Th17 ratio, B cell 

analysis, SLE biomarkers, disease activity 

• Nektar and Lilly plan multiple indications in Phase II

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Page 28: NKTR‐358: A Selective Regulatory T Cell Inducing Agent for ... · Summary of NKTR‐358 • NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly

Summary of NKTR‐358

• NKTR‐358 is an immune‐regulatory cytokine drug being developed by Nektar and Lilly that induces profound Tregeffects– Greater magnitude of total Treg cell increase than IL‐2– Highly selective for Tregs with limited effects on non‐Treg cells– Increased Treg suppressive capacity and induction of long‐lived Treg memory– Prolonged activation and proliferation of Treg in higher species

• Clinical development ongoing for the treatment of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory indications