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Industrial Process Control
EL 4223
Instructor:Prof. Azhar Hussain ShahEngr. Nabeel Khalid
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Lecture 1
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Outline
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Recommended Text Measurement and Control Basics By Thomas A. Hughes
Fundamentals of Final Control Elements By Helen Beecroft Ken MacDonald
Industrial Process Control Systems By Dale Patrick & Stephen Fardo
Process Control Instrumentation Technology By Curtis D. Johnson
Fundamentals of Industrial Instrumentation and Process Control By William C. Dunn
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Grading CriteriaTheory (2 Credit Hrs.)
Mid Term 25%Final Term 50%Sessional 25%Total 100%
Note: Announcements will be available on
http://online.ucp.edu.pk Office Hours: Mon & Wed 0900-1100 hrs E-mail: [email protected]
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
What is a Process Control? Observing a parameter, comparing it to some desired
value, and initiating a control action to bring the parameter as close as possible to the desired Value” this is known as process control. e.g. use of fire to regulate the temperature of room.
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
What is an Automatic Process Control? Automatic control of an output variable by sensing the
amplitude of the output parameter from the process and comparing it to desired or set level and feeding an error signal back to control an input variable.
Process control will automatic, when there will be no human intervention in that process and all the action will take place automatically.e.g. use of Air Conditioner to regulate the temperature of room.
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
What is a Automatic Process Control? Figure (a) shows manual control system in which valve is
controlled manually by a human being after sensing the temperature of water.
Figure (b) shows automatic process control in which sensor senses the temperature of the water and controller generates a signal towards actuator to control the temperature of water heater.
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Process Control loop
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Feedback path in a Process Control Loop
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Process Control with Flow Regulator
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Example Figure shows the block diagram of a closed-loop flow
control system.Identify the following elements: (a) the sensor, (b) the transducer, (c) the actuator, (d) the transmitter, (e) the controller, (f) the manipulated variable, and (g) the measured variable.
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Different Process Control systems Systems that respond to changes in pressure are one of
the largest divisions in process control field. These systems include
Hydraulic sPneumaticsSteam or vapor systems Liquid distribution systems.
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Hydraulic Systems This type of system is commonly found in automatic
machinery control and in material forming operations.
Popularity of this system can be attributed to the following thingsOperational simplicitySmoothness of operationReliabilityAdaptability
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Double-acting Hydraulic System
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Pneumatic Systems This type of system commonly found their
applications in powering of hand tools and lifting and clamping of products during machining operations.
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Static Pressure Systems This type of system commonly used in industry to
distribute liquids in a variety of processing applications.
This type of systems utilizes pressure that is developed as a result of the source being elevated above other system components.
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Steam Pressure Systems This type of system develops pressure by
transforming liquid into vapor when heat is applied. The resulting pressure occurs when steam or vapor is
forced to pass through the resistance of confined pipes or tubes.
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Temperature Systems These systems must perform following actions
Generate heat provide path for its distributionInitiate some type of controlUtilize this energy to do workRecord the value of temperature through precise measurement.
For measurement of temperature, RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector), noncontact infrared thermometer etc can be used.
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Level Determination Systems These systems are used to evaluate the amount of
material in a tank, bin, or hopper that is available for accomplishing a particular process.
These systems are often considered as control function that applies to a variety of different processes.
Sensing element detects change in level.
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Flow Process Systems These systems are used to monitor and control water,
natural gas, solvents, chemicals and an infinite variety of other materials.
Operation of these systems is based on the followingsActual material that is flowingDensity of the materialVolume being processedAccuracyType of control required
Measurement and control of flow are the major functions of a flow process.Where flow rate is the evaluation occurs at specific instantWhere totalizing flow is the total amount moves part a given
point during specific period.
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Flow Process Systems A. Flow measurement with in pipe flow dead pressure
Principal.Differential pressure =flow.
B. Electromagnetic principal. C. Target principal.
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Flow Process Systems Laminar flow:
Flow that means in a straight line.
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Figure: Laminar Flow meters
Flow Process Systems
Figure: Liquid vortex flow meters
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP
Any Questions……..
Monday, April 10, 2023
Engr. Nabeel Khalid Lecturer FOE,UCP