~middotIilll~ IIIII~ 11111 10 1~lll

~ W 20 11

111118

11111125 1111114 116

MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART ~ATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-J963-A

I 10 ~ ~~ IIIII~ Iii 11 22 IiO W Iiiii

I iii ~

11111125 1111114 116

MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATION~L BUREAU or STANDARDS-J963-A

)

C

Technical Bullet~n No 1047 October 1951

bull

bull

bull

Effect of Soil Treatluents With DDT

Benzene fIexachloride and Toxaphene on

Tohacco Cotton and Cowpeas 1

ny XOII~IAX ALUltX find FWYfI F BaxIlY rHtolnoloyili8 Burc(w of BHlolllolol onli [[011 (jlwlanlinr T ]1 BuuacK (lllolwmi~t Bur((tl~ of Ptnnt ]1lIiUlltIfJ SOil8 (lilli llricltlllllmiddotIlZ BIIyiu(crillJ lYli(IIlIIIal Rcs(nrch 1dmiHi~lrati()n nnl B 1] I1Hr 811f)(rintcnd(ll SOlIII (arolila Ieo Dec AyriculturaL HI~fJclmiddotishylcnt S I at ion a

CONTENTS

Pag~ I I (o( ton _ 133j 13Pro(p(ulp ij Rputcin 1lmiddot17 14 ij I R(ltI( ill InmiddotIS ]4 Ii I Hpsllits ill 1lmiddotII 15 ) 1ill(pl eOr (IOgt 15 ) I lroc(IIIP 15

10 I pult ill I J-IS 15 10 I HplIlt ill IJI) lj 10 I IkHli( ill I J50 IS 121 nitlI~i()1l 19 13 4ll111 111111 20

Litcratllip eit((I 21

l~TRODCCTTOl ~

~hewiclpspl(ttl use of inedieiclps on crop foliage has created the lltj)bl(111 c~f ltilt(ll11il1inp theltre~~ O[ ~lllil 1)](-ltPI(( ill t~le soil (I tll( gHJth O[ nllI(JII~ c[ops hspeellllly 1Il the Coastal Plams 5P(t1On of ~ollth (alolilHL HtlIllllllatioJls of (alcjllIn alsenate in the soil aItel Contillllecl appli(ntiollf for (OlltTol of tllp boll wpevil (~lntlWJlOll()IlN (1(lIul i~ Boll) han (llIls((l SPliolls dUlllap( to OWl)(1HS and (O(tOIl

(Coclper et (tl 1)

1 ~l1ll1l1ittp(l for [luhli(lllifJI ~rtr IS 101 J)ipltl July 10 In50 3 rw following PPlfOIlS nssitpf ill this (oolllrntin (Ilojed T F Chu)llin

Z 1 YmiddotO 1lt1 C n 10(1( nnrl ~rnppn Routh Cnrolinn i(f ])ee AriltgtlIlshytum Eq1PIinttlIt Rtatioll T L Grnhnm Raymond Vcngpr and W D YeUgin HUItllIl of Plant [ll(ll1stry 8i1s nnlt1 A~ricultulnl EllgiI1(tling T D Ji]IIly J C FiEp (1 T INniJlll C r Hainwntpl nnd n It Wnlkrr BtlIenn of Entoshymology and Plant Quarn ntin(

lt Halie nl1l1lb(r~ in plImiddot(ntl(~(middots Ilf(1 to LUlratUlp (itld p1 0301[-51

I

~~---~

2 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1047 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

eulcium arsenate is not the only insecticide that may cause soil poisoning The unproductivity of certain orchalCl soils in the Northshywest due to heavy applications of lead arsenute for the control of the codling moth has been discussed by Morris and Swingle (10) Snyder (15) and Vandecaveye et al (11) Poisoning by natural deposits of another insecticidal material selenium in cerblin soils of South DRshykota and other areas of low rainfall has been reported by 1Villiams

(l~ middotnumber of investigators have studied the effect of soil applicashy tions of the l1CW organic insecticides on various crops and certain

micro-organisms For example Greenwood (7) reported that 75 nOllnds of benzene hexachloride per acre applied to the soil for wheshyYo1m control imparted a slight taste to potato tubers that 1wd been boiled in their ski HS OKane (12) noted tlUlt (rude benzene hexashyelllolicle may (ause an objectionable flavor in some food produets He fOlln-l that potatoes arc snsc~ptib]e and t1Htt either soil (ol1dition or variety or both may callse ofl-Jlavor On the ohe1 hallC1 Pepper et al (11) reporting on wireworm (ontrol with 2 1 3gt 5 and 10 ponnds per acre of the gamma isomer of benzene hexa(hlolic1e applied to the soil sbti(d hat the l(sulLs of taste tesl s for oll-f1avor ere erra6c and conclnc1erl that most people could not detect any jmpairshyment of fhvoL clue to thiRinsectieide

]i](ming (1) r(poriN1 tJlllt 1l)C growth of onion soybNln tomato lima bean spinnlll and slrllwbellY plants waR retarded hy soil applishy(middotalions 01 25 pouHils of DDT PCl aCl( (hnyson and POOR (6) )(shypolltmiddotd thai soil applieniions of 200 pounds 01 n])T l)(L t(rll (l1Is(d no noticCflblc difler(ll(e in germination and (arl) fTowth of peanutR (0111 totton find soybeans but 100 pOllnd$) of )pnzene llCxneh 10ric1e (JO pounds of th( gI l11maisomer) pel Here glpatly ltltIII(lfl germishynation and enrly growth of all these crops Morrison and coworkers (1) -fOllild thu- 1~7) pOllllds of D])T and 27) POlllHls of (hlo1(11]1e per aCImiddotc ([tllsecl torne plant injury and tl1at benzene hexach101middoticlp at the rale 01 27) ponndR of HIe gamma isomer pel (teTe clused plant injury and off-flavor of certain vegetablec Young and Gill (9393) reported injury to ry( by DDT at 10 pounds pel aCit~

Foster (4) conltlueted extensive greenhollRe as well as SOIlH fi(lcl t(sts on the enect of soil applications of DDTLenzene hexHChlOlicle and SOll1e olhelins(gtdieid(s on the germination growth and yield of a lalgC JUlInbel of plants Tn genem1 he found that D])T was morc IHlsistent ill Ihe soil than benzene hlxac111oride hut that both ins(ctishyrifles -were (nvable of ltallsin~ sClions damage 10 a nllmblI of nmiddotops

Lolertulce of plant to DDT in the soil ]HS also been t1ilt(lIss((l by Lans ~U1d CovQ1kcrs (9) Stitt and ETanson (16) found that benshyZell( ]lexachlolit( parathion and rh101c1une w11(11 applied 10 Ole soil in ralh(r small QIltllliti(S redllced the stand mc1 ltH1ls(d an ofl-layOlmiddot i]1 fresh p(as and beans CJ-Hvelll1d ~folrison (2) f(~rJl(~ tlat dl the (h1olmiddotrnal(d 1Iyltlllt)(middottlrbon II1seci1Cldes arc capah1e Ofll1f1Hmiddottll1~ ]11-JUImiddoty to CIclIlbits lInder some eondit~ons The (fled of l)(1W 1n5((lishyciclls on soil micro-organisms was stuc1ied by 1Tj]son and Choll(l1umiddoti IU) gO) Smlth and 1V (lzel (1J) aTIlI Jones (8)

11li1e thc inflllence of the insecticides used inthese experiments on the yield qlla1ityanc1 blllll of tobacco is not fully known 11(velmiddotl-heshy

bull

bull

bull

3

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOILlREAT1lENfS ON TOBACCO COTTON COWPEAS

less studies madc by Gilmer and coworkers (5) and Vilson (21) showed that chlorine n constituent of these insecticideR (flU hnc an impOlttllltinflueuce On the tobaeco plnnt

Becltlle of the il1lj)oltHnee of soil-poison ing silldi(s in general and in South Carolina in partielllal fL eoopelati-c illyestigation was initi shyated in 10-17 by the J3Uleall of EntolllOlogy and Plant QlIllrantine the BUt(an of Plant Im1ustlY Soils lind ~glj(llltlllal Jltjngill((lling alld the South Cuto1in(t gLicultuln1 Exptlinteut Station 10 ploide inshyfOlmation on the tOI(lltlIHP of til( (IOPS of a typi(a] ~-YNtl Iolation to 1gt1)1 bll1(ll( ]I(xa(hlolide alld toxapllll1l applied to the soil The 1otation i Ilelllcled toblH(O followpd by a lntpl (OnL elop of oats mixed with ~llstTian jlltpl fil1ltl ppas (mq)pas followtcllJy rye the next YllU and (ott on follollltl hy 1( h(1 thiJ(I yeal- rhlinnstigashytiOll WHS cHrJipd Otlt ill Mallbo)o filII sall(hloHm 011 tll(~ fallll of the Pee Dpt Exp(lilllll llt otlIiol1 nt FIOIPIIl(I~ C

G~ERAL PROCfWCRE

Th( (hld Cltdtd IOJ fhi Yo)k had 1)(gt(gt11 planted () (0((011 in IO-H and to (0111 (al]Y in In-7 bUf it a suifubl( 101 gloing nlllhp crops up([ jn thCHl sf1Jclils ThJ(l pX]ltIilllllltS PI(I (Olldlle(d ill this Held Ea(h (XI)(IIillHlIt as stnlt(([ with I dilllIPJlt (IOP fllld was (olltinued with 111( ~-ypal lOHliOJl Illlhl IJIillg of In-middot7 01 PXllllplp thp plots in pX]llIiJllll1t A (1( plnnipll to (()hac(o tlios( ill (xpPJiIllPnt H to COtiOIl allrl (host ill (X]l(Iinllnf ( 10 [()YgtPllS

In ptell lXI)(Iilll(n thpl(1 ( -w IlO-lI(IP plOfs fllItln((l in 1t11shydOlllipltllJlo(ks so tlilli HJ fJ(atllllllls (ould 1)(1 1(pli(lI((l 0111 tillles AIl li-ool nll(l sltIHIIrttp(lt 11( a lpHS tlSP(l ill til( t 11 1(1( (gtxflPIi IHen ts To )(gtducp (olltlI11inllion bttwPPIl t)tnlJl1llItmiddot l I-foot allp HepalHtld tltp pnds of till plots and n -foot sllip -asldt IWI ((11 flip si(lps of Ow plots_

In lhp spl((tioll of soil tl(atllllllls (oll-idplalioll WHS Ui-(111 fo the ins(ctili([(Is alld (1oau(IS that 11( bpillu wjdply uR((l aUliinlt YH)iollS inR(etK 11 at(llllpt-Hl Illflltl( to o])talll ill H(~IIOI n p(Jiod as posshysibl(middot d()~ag(gts of ill-gtt(tilid(d()1l1paralJlt to J(sidllCS tJiat miltf pY(lntllshyally lmilcl lip in ]llacli(t Thes( tl(nf nWIlI~ and thl numher and time of applications (gt1( as follows

L (ntl(atld el1l(k - DD at 10 IHlJIIHls 1)(1 lHll nnlllmlly- themiddot aPIH()xil1ll1tl (Iosage

lcqIJiled 101 Ill(gt (ont tol of the tOl1lato fLllitwolIlJ (flcliotlih flJlIli[IIIa(IIbn) )

t DDT at W pounds 1)(1 It(IPill 1l-~7 and HJ1I1WLlI tll(I(afm a for ltontrol of WilPW()IIllS (lflah ridarL ]lpliCttions tel not leshypPlltpd allllually 01 wiJlOllll (ontTol

1 DDT at -w l)(lIllld PPI H(IP ill JH-~7 ollly-- th(~apl)foxilllntf qlJanshytity lequiltc1 to (olll)o] the torllnto fnli(OI1ll OPI a middot1-NIl PPIjO(1

3 J)DT nt JOO pOUIHls pH t(lC jn 1HJ7 ollly--thl quantity npplied OYCI It ~-yPa I Iwdod for (0111101 oJ the (odling rnoth (OalIJ()((lp~a lJomOllllla (L))

n Hpnz(lH IHx(ldoJiltlp (I((llni(al) at IG7 poulI(l~ lWl 1I(Le

(2 pounds of thl gallllll1 iSOHIPl) anllually-the npploximate annun dosag(1 for cotton insects

I

~~---~

2 TECHNICAL BULLETIN 1047 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

eulcium arsenate is not the only insecticide that may cause soil poisoning The unproductivity of certain orchalCl soils in the Northshywest due to heavy applications of lead arsenute for the control of the codling moth has been discussed by Morris and Swingle (10) Snyder (15) and Vandecaveye et al (11) Poisoning by natural deposits of another insecticidal material selenium in cerblin soils of South DRshykota and other areas of low rainfall has been reported by 1Villiams

(l~ middotnumber of investigators have studied the effect of soil applicashy tions of the l1CW organic insecticides on various crops and certain

micro-organisms For example Greenwood (7) reported that 75 nOllnds of benzene hexachloride per acre applied to the soil for wheshyYo1m control imparted a slight taste to potato tubers that 1wd been boiled in their ski HS OKane (12) noted tlUlt (rude benzene hexashyelllolicle may (ause an objectionable flavor in some food produets He fOlln-l that potatoes arc snsc~ptib]e and t1Htt either soil (ol1dition or variety or both may callse ofl-Jlavor On the ohe1 hallC1 Pepper et al (11) reporting on wireworm (ontrol with 2 1 3gt 5 and 10 ponnds per acre of the gamma isomer of benzene hexa(hlolic1e applied to the soil sbti(d hat the l(sulLs of taste tesl s for oll-f1avor ere erra6c and conclnc1erl that most people could not detect any jmpairshyment of fhvoL clue to thiRinsectieide

]i](ming (1) r(poriN1 tJlllt 1l)C growth of onion soybNln tomato lima bean spinnlll and slrllwbellY plants waR retarded hy soil applishy(middotalions 01 25 pouHils of DDT PCl aCl( (hnyson and POOR (6) )(shypolltmiddotd thai soil applieniions of 200 pounds 01 n])T l)(L t(rll (l1Is(d no noticCflblc difler(ll(e in germination and (arl) fTowth of peanutR (0111 totton find soybeans but 100 pOllnd$) of )pnzene llCxneh 10ric1e (JO pounds of th( gI l11maisomer) pel Here glpatly ltltIII(lfl germishynation and enrly growth of all these crops Morrison and coworkers (1) -fOllild thu- 1~7) pOllllds of D])T and 27) POlllHls of (hlo1(11]1e per aCImiddotc ([tllsecl torne plant injury and tl1at benzene hexach101middoticlp at the rale 01 27) ponndR of HIe gamma isomer pel (teTe clused plant injury and off-flavor of certain vegetablec Young and Gill (9393) reported injury to ry( by DDT at 10 pounds pel aCit~

Foster (4) conltlueted extensive greenhollRe as well as SOIlH fi(lcl t(sts on the enect of soil applications of DDTLenzene hexHChlOlicle and SOll1e olhelins(gtdieid(s on the germination growth and yield of a lalgC JUlInbel of plants Tn genem1 he found that D])T was morc IHlsistent ill Ihe soil than benzene hlxac111oride hut that both ins(ctishyrifles -were (nvable of ltallsin~ sClions damage 10 a nllmblI of nmiddotops

Lolertulce of plant to DDT in the soil ]HS also been t1ilt(lIss((l by Lans ~U1d CovQ1kcrs (9) Stitt and ETanson (16) found that benshyZell( ]lexachlolit( parathion and rh101c1une w11(11 applied 10 Ole soil in ralh(r small QIltllliti(S redllced the stand mc1 ltH1ls(d an ofl-layOlmiddot i]1 fresh p(as and beans CJ-Hvelll1d ~folrison (2) f(~rJl(~ tlat dl the (h1olmiddotrnal(d 1Iyltlllt)(middottlrbon II1seci1Cldes arc capah1e Ofll1f1Hmiddottll1~ ]11-JUImiddoty to CIclIlbits lInder some eondit~ons The (fled of l)(1W 1n5((lishyciclls on soil micro-organisms was stuc1ied by 1Tj]son and Choll(l1umiddoti IU) gO) Smlth and 1V (lzel (1J) aTIlI Jones (8)

11li1e thc inflllence of the insecticides used inthese experiments on the yield qlla1ityanc1 blllll of tobacco is not fully known 11(velmiddotl-heshy

bull

bull

bull

3

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOILlREAT1lENfS ON TOBACCO COTTON COWPEAS

less studies madc by Gilmer and coworkers (5) and Vilson (21) showed that chlorine n constituent of these insecticideR (flU hnc an impOlttllltinflueuce On the tobaeco plnnt

Becltlle of the il1lj)oltHnee of soil-poison ing silldi(s in general and in South Carolina in partielllal fL eoopelati-c illyestigation was initi shyated in 10-17 by the J3Uleall of EntolllOlogy and Plant QlIllrantine the BUt(an of Plant Im1ustlY Soils lind ~glj(llltlllal Jltjngill((lling alld the South Cuto1in(t gLicultuln1 Exptlinteut Station 10 ploide inshyfOlmation on the tOI(lltlIHP of til( (IOPS of a typi(a] ~-YNtl Iolation to 1gt1)1 bll1(ll( ]I(xa(hlolide alld toxapllll1l applied to the soil The 1otation i Ilelllcled toblH(O followpd by a lntpl (OnL elop of oats mixed with ~llstTian jlltpl fil1ltl ppas (mq)pas followtcllJy rye the next YllU and (ott on follollltl hy 1( h(1 thiJ(I yeal- rhlinnstigashytiOll WHS cHrJipd Otlt ill Mallbo)o filII sall(hloHm 011 tll(~ fallll of the Pee Dpt Exp(lilllll llt otlIiol1 nt FIOIPIIl(I~ C

G~ERAL PROCfWCRE

Th( (hld Cltdtd IOJ fhi Yo)k had 1)(gt(gt11 planted () (0((011 in IO-H and to (0111 (al]Y in In-7 bUf it a suifubl( 101 gloing nlllhp crops up([ jn thCHl sf1Jclils ThJ(l pX]ltIilllllltS PI(I (Olldlle(d ill this Held Ea(h (XI)(IIillHlIt as stnlt(([ with I dilllIPJlt (IOP fllld was (olltinued with 111( ~-ypal lOHliOJl Illlhl IJIillg of In-middot7 01 PXllllplp thp plots in pX]llIiJllll1t A (1( plnnipll to (()hac(o tlios( ill (xpPJiIllPnt H to COtiOIl allrl (host ill (X]l(Iinllnf ( 10 [()YgtPllS

In ptell lXI)(Iilll(n thpl(1 ( -w IlO-lI(IP plOfs fllItln((l in 1t11shydOlllipltllJlo(ks so tlilli HJ fJ(atllllllls (ould 1)(1 1(pli(lI((l 0111 tillles AIl li-ool nll(l sltIHIIrttp(lt 11( a lpHS tlSP(l ill til( t 11 1(1( (gtxflPIi IHen ts To )(gtducp (olltlI11inllion bttwPPIl t)tnlJl1llItmiddot l I-foot allp HepalHtld tltp pnds of till plots and n -foot sllip -asldt IWI ((11 flip si(lps of Ow plots_

In lhp spl((tioll of soil tl(atllllllls (oll-idplalioll WHS Ui-(111 fo the ins(ctili([(Is alld (1oau(IS that 11( bpillu wjdply uR((l aUliinlt YH)iollS inR(etK 11 at(llllpt-Hl Illflltl( to o])talll ill H(~IIOI n p(Jiod as posshysibl(middot d()~ag(gts of ill-gtt(tilid(d()1l1paralJlt to J(sidllCS tJiat miltf pY(lntllshyally lmilcl lip in ]llacli(t Thes( tl(nf nWIlI~ and thl numher and time of applications (gt1( as follows

L (ntl(atld el1l(k - DD at 10 IHlJIIHls 1)(1 lHll nnlllmlly- themiddot aPIH()xil1ll1tl (Iosage

lcqIJiled 101 Ill(gt (ont tol of the tOl1lato fLllitwolIlJ (flcliotlih flJlIli[IIIa(IIbn) )

t DDT at W pounds 1)(1 It(IPill 1l-~7 and HJ1I1WLlI tll(I(afm a for ltontrol of WilPW()IIllS (lflah ridarL ]lpliCttions tel not leshypPlltpd allllually 01 wiJlOllll (ontTol

1 DDT at -w l)(lIllld PPI H(IP ill JH-~7 ollly-- th(~apl)foxilllntf qlJanshytity lequiltc1 to (olll)o] the torllnto fnli(OI1ll OPI a middot1-NIl PPIjO(1

3 J)DT nt JOO pOUIHls pH t(lC jn 1HJ7 ollly--thl quantity npplied OYCI It ~-yPa I Iwdod for (0111101 oJ the (odling rnoth (OalIJ()((lp~a lJomOllllla (L))

n Hpnz(lH IHx(ldoJiltlp (I((llni(al) at IG7 poulI(l~ lWl 1I(Le

(2 pounds of thl gallllll1 iSOHIPl) anllually-the npploximate annun dosag(1 for cotton insects

3

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOILlREAT1lENfS ON TOBACCO COTTON COWPEAS

less studies madc by Gilmer and coworkers (5) and Vilson (21) showed that chlorine n constituent of these insecticideR (flU hnc an impOlttllltinflueuce On the tobaeco plnnt

Becltlle of the il1lj)oltHnee of soil-poison ing silldi(s in general and in South Carolina in partielllal fL eoopelati-c illyestigation was initi shyated in 10-17 by the J3Uleall of EntolllOlogy and Plant QlIllrantine the BUt(an of Plant Im1ustlY Soils lind ~glj(llltlllal Jltjngill((lling alld the South Cuto1in(t gLicultuln1 Exptlinteut Station 10 ploide inshyfOlmation on the tOI(lltlIHP of til( (IOPS of a typi(a] ~-YNtl Iolation to 1gt1)1 bll1(ll( ]I(xa(hlolide alld toxapllll1l applied to the soil The 1otation i Ilelllcled toblH(O followpd by a lntpl (OnL elop of oats mixed with ~llstTian jlltpl fil1ltl ppas (mq)pas followtcllJy rye the next YllU and (ott on follollltl hy 1( h(1 thiJ(I yeal- rhlinnstigashytiOll WHS cHrJipd Otlt ill Mallbo)o filII sall(hloHm 011 tll(~ fallll of the Pee Dpt Exp(lilllll llt otlIiol1 nt FIOIPIIl(I~ C

G~ERAL PROCfWCRE

Th( (hld Cltdtd IOJ fhi Yo)k had 1)(gt(gt11 planted () (0((011 in IO-H and to (0111 (al]Y in In-7 bUf it a suifubl( 101 gloing nlllhp crops up([ jn thCHl sf1Jclils ThJ(l pX]ltIilllllltS PI(I (Olldlle(d ill this Held Ea(h (XI)(IIillHlIt as stnlt(([ with I dilllIPJlt (IOP fllld was (olltinued with 111( ~-ypal lOHliOJl Illlhl IJIillg of In-middot7 01 PXllllplp thp plots in pX]llIiJllll1t A (1( plnnipll to (()hac(o tlios( ill (xpPJiIllPnt H to COtiOIl allrl (host ill (X]l(Iinllnf ( 10 [()YgtPllS

In ptell lXI)(Iilll(n thpl(1 ( -w IlO-lI(IP plOfs fllItln((l in 1t11shydOlllipltllJlo(ks so tlilli HJ fJ(atllllllls (ould 1)(1 1(pli(lI((l 0111 tillles AIl li-ool nll(l sltIHIIrttp(lt 11( a lpHS tlSP(l ill til( t 11 1(1( (gtxflPIi IHen ts To )(gtducp (olltlI11inllion bttwPPIl t)tnlJl1llItmiddot l I-foot allp HepalHtld tltp pnds of till plots and n -foot sllip -asldt IWI ((11 flip si(lps of Ow plots_

In lhp spl((tioll of soil tl(atllllllls (oll-idplalioll WHS Ui-(111 fo the ins(ctili([(Is alld (1oau(IS that 11( bpillu wjdply uR((l aUliinlt YH)iollS inR(etK 11 at(llllpt-Hl Illflltl( to o])talll ill H(~IIOI n p(Jiod as posshysibl(middot d()~ag(gts of ill-gtt(tilid(d()1l1paralJlt to J(sidllCS tJiat miltf pY(lntllshyally lmilcl lip in ]llacli(t Thes( tl(nf nWIlI~ and thl numher and time of applications (gt1( as follows

L (ntl(atld el1l(k - DD at 10 IHlJIIHls 1)(1 lHll nnlllmlly- themiddot aPIH()xil1ll1tl (Iosage

lcqIJiled 101 Ill(gt (ont tol of the tOl1lato fLllitwolIlJ (flcliotlih flJlIli[IIIa(IIbn) )

t DDT at W pounds 1)(1 It(IPill 1l-~7 and HJ1I1WLlI tll(I(afm a for ltontrol of WilPW()IIllS (lflah ridarL ]lpliCttions tel not leshypPlltpd allllually 01 wiJlOllll (ontTol

1 DDT at -w l)(lIllld PPI H(IP ill JH-~7 ollly-- th(~apl)foxilllntf qlJanshytity lequiltc1 to (olll)o] the torllnto fnli(OI1ll OPI a middot1-NIl PPIjO(1

3 J)DT nt JOO pOUIHls pH t(lC jn 1HJ7 ollly--thl quantity npplied OYCI It ~-yPa I Iwdod for (0111101 oJ the (odling rnoth (OalIJ()((lp~a lJomOllllla (L))

n Hpnz(lH IHx(ldoJiltlp (I((llni(al) at IG7 poulI(l~ lWl 1I(Le

(2 pounds of thl gallllll1 iSOHIPl) anllually-the npploximate annun dosag(1 for cotton insects

- ~1---- -

r--

TECHNICAL BULLETIN 104 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTUREI 4

7 Benzene hexachloride (technieal) at 833 pounds (10 pounds of the gamma isomer) per acre applied in 1047 only-about the quantiy applied over a 5-year period for cotton insects

8 Benzene hexachloride (technicn1) at l2 ponnds (Ui pounds of the glUnmlt isomer) plus 25 pounds of DDT per a(le applied annushyally-a low annual dosage for cotton insects

U Benzene hexachloride (technicn1) nt O pounds (n pountls of the gamma isomer) plus 10 pounds of DDT pel acre applied in 1047 0111yshythe approximate qUlIntity applied OYeI II 3-Ylal period for the (ontrol of cotton insects

10 Toxapllene at W pounds pel aclP 1I1l1Hutlly Preliminary txshyperil11ents indicated that about olll-haH this dosage would 1)1 Ilquiltc1 for the conbol of cotton insects

III all the Ixperiments a ]l1)(1Clilt nDT dust WfiS uSN1 It was prepared by the manufadurel by grinding tlChnienl DDT ill bolin fhl bllIZtlW hex(Lehlolilt1IWllS obtained as It )O-pel(tnt w(Hable powshyder containing () percent of the gallllllR isolllC and wa~ dilut((l with pylophyllitC or (TOWn elay to contain 1 lind ~ P(1((ll1t of till ralllllla iSOIllII The toxaphll1( tIS 11111(l1asN1 as 11 ~()-pel(ent dusti 11 day all(l was dillllltl to 10 pel(poundnt with Jlyroph)llihl

The qunntity of i11pdi(]( for en(h plot WitS w(gtiglipd sppnratel and lm)H(ieast onl flip soil hy hand Jo in-III( Iwtt(gtIlisfTihution allins(gteti(idps (1pound nrixP(l whIt it small quantity of soil just lwtolr applicatioll and to red11(( ddH flonl wind tl slIlall quantity of wall WlIS nc1d(d to the mixtmp in In--

IJlJ)middot~7 t1egt ins(cti(i(lps wPle applied on Jny (j nnd k ill 1)1- on ]gtli] n (tnd in l-~) OIl )Ial(h ~H Illlntpdiatlly afttl appliention the soil was tholollhly (Itlti-alecl lelllhwisp and (Tossis( to mix the in(etiCi(lps wit(t tllP soil disk laITow (()lIllllonh- (a 11(lt1 a lp-elin ItnlTOW wltieh (lit tll( soil to 11 clPptil of abollt Ii Inthes was USP(I

_ fpoundlfilizPI WIlS uppli(d nft tlwins(eticilt1( hnltl 1gt((n diskClt1 into the soil and befOl( tIl( ITOpS (1( plulltp(l -J()~i fpltilizlI was Hpplilltl at the Iat(l of illO POlIl(lS ]gtPI nlI( fot lIP (OltOIl alld till ~owp(ns _ ~-Hmiddotmiddot(J tollH((o f(Ifilil~(l (()Iltninillp np]lloxilllatel- ~ PCIshy((lit of ehlolillC wn 1I(d at tll( raIl of 1IH10I)(JlIIHlslHI a(I( iOI tlll tobac(o Tlll lIsnal (lIltllnll practicp- W(Ilt foll(l((i for (Hell (IOP though (hlI( 11- a 11lt holl p(ir i 111(1 a1iOIl 110 i lIs((ti(idp (P 1I~()(1 Oil (01 tOil 101 Jpir of oi I (OllilIl1 i 111 t iOIl I Ita t -would hi as th~ lPSltits of tlw (X]HrillHllt TIll (ntil( toiJ((O plallting tOWP-PI was tlpn(lt eadl r(lIl with (ill stl1(lIIlt11lt1lt1 IJH1l1ltlt-(0 11 1I11CnI hait fOl tItt (011 t 101 of [li( lobl((o blldOI11l (1ldilltdN IN(IIN (F)) nnd with II PI1 (olltninillp (middotlyoli(p wlwat f1olll 1tlJ walpl 101 (on trol of thp (oba((o llOlIl)l1l1 (lllofoJl(I( S(7tU (foWII1)) Til 10H) (JIll nppli(ntiml or n SpltI) (onnininp IJuntitioll lIH1 (Iyolitp Was tlso II III cIt fot tIl( (Ollilol 0 f t h( glPPIl p(wh aph i(l J11-71I III IwiMI (Snlz) ) Xn inHetitidp Plp applipd to (It( (o]I(ls-

In 1H7 lIP rainfall 01 Ih(l till ) ((k-I rtpl tit(l insp((i(iclls (1(

npplipd was Ips I1IHIl olll-thirlt1 tIll 110111111 fill titt plIjod Th(gt lXshyptrinwnt was lot itl111l IIntil ~ray ntH1 tlll ottOIl HII(1 loiHlO 1(1t plnnNlllllllHlHlly lnt( but ollly n slim tillip nft(I[lw in-(((icitle lwd IWtH npplipd (0 111( -oil Titt lll~ W(HUHI dlllillg tlw elllly pnt( of Ill(gt -(1S011 Ip(nllld pIn nt lOwlh (oIlSit(Illblr 11 thpf( fa([ols1I1lc1ollbtNlly infillell((d Illl r(~lllts

bull

bull

bull

t

~

i

____

5 r

EIfIfECT OF SOILlREAlVlENlS ONIOBACCO COTTON COWPEAS

In 1948 the insecticides were applied about 1 month carlier than in 1947 and weII in adval1(c of the planting season The crops were planted on about the normal p1antin~ dates and the rdnfall for ~fay

bull ~as twice the normal for that month Three rains fell that could have cansed leaching These fadors may explain why some of the treatments did not Cluse definite toxic symptoms during the growin~ season and may accollnt for Ih(middot 1ow ehloLine eontent of tIle (ured tobacco as compared with that gTown in ID4i

In the early part of H)-I) seasonal tonditions were excellent for the plants to be(ollle lstahlished ill tIl( field and for normal growth 1he light rainfall in f1me and July (auBed the (1Op of tobac(o to be bodied and cloubtllsS adwrBely aflleiNl the (oUon and (owpens

The Iainfal for the a-~elll period is ~iyen in table 1 For 1D47 and In4) it was less than nOImiddotIlInJ bu t fOJ 10-1-8 it waS middotwe11 above 1101middotllUtl Tlm distrilution thrOllglOut la(l1 yenr waB espedtlly important in these expellnents

TBLJ l-Rainfall (ill ill(IIlt) on elj)(IimIJltal plotg com)(l((lllith IIOIlII((ll((infa71 milts ((way

-+-~_i___

~~ ----- --~ --gtbullbullbullbull ~ _-- ---~

Monfh 10middot17 H)IS 1949 XornHlL

-+- shy

bull JILI1Unr ~ 3 00 331 1 I on 302 Fcbrllar~ Hi 50G i 511 I 370 I r1f(h 1 fi(j 5 middot1middot1 I 2 L 3 30 April n I] 233 5 72 3 33 (I1 15middot1 7 H5 3 (il 3 44 hlul_ I 70 352 240 4 82 JlIly 377 2 ii7 246 5 l5 lIgm 3 al 4 02 R (i(j 4S4 H(lpl Pill )(1 270 3 00 1 7) 4 21 )(j ()l)(r I j2 1 51 3 OR 251 )opmigtPI fl3U 7 ~j 318 I J8 ()(C( 1111gt1 I 3 Iil 3 80 I 5(i 3 ~~(

r-~_ - _-- ~ -- - _-Total 31 17 537 ~IJ H5 41 )4

TOBACCO

PHOCIDCHI

bull

lwl1 Olill((J plllllt- (1( tlallsplantld front t11( b(ds Ill( Wllmiddot(

pla(Il1 at -foot illllIals ill IOWS fPl[ apart InJ)middot17 (Cx(l(Iimellt ~ I nIP) W(IP (rall-plantp(~ Oil )IIY l nlld Imiddot(plnnls 11( Slt 011 J 1l1H 3 In UHH lIlId lHl (IXjlPIllIllls H 111lt1 () plants PI( (Imiddotamplnnt(middottl 01 ~pril W anl -Wil S lmiddotp-pldin1r alld nplHllts wele S(t Oil fl I~ and )Iny ) I lit oot kllOl-IPSISIII all(I -101 a groWIl 111 HHi tlld till root kno(-swi(pptilJll alipty (ol(l Dollal ill 1HH alld 3tH)

Th( tolJn((o pro(1I((lt1 Oil (1[(11 plot was k(p RPPIIIui( in Ih( Ij(middotld as it was being haryCs(ed lllld tlWIl (Hell sliel was Itlllmiddotlld IJefoll being pla(ld in the (urillg hlrmiddotu ~a(h (lIImiddotjllg from a gllIl 1gt101 was weighed individually and a nlllpl( talH1l for (])(l1Ii(ll ana ysiR and fOJ sludils on quality Tn HH7 thl SllJIIpllt~ waS oIH-folmiddottilh awl in

L

____

5 r

EIfIfECT OF SOILlREAlVlENlS ONIOBACCO COTTON COWPEAS

In 1948 the insecticides were applied about 1 month carlier than in 1947 and weII in adval1(c of the planting season The crops were planted on about the normal p1antin~ dates and the rdnfall for ~fay

bull ~as twice the normal for that month Three rains fell that could have cansed leaching These fadors may explain why some of the treatments did not Cluse definite toxic symptoms during the growin~ season and may accollnt for Ih(middot 1ow ehloLine eontent of tIle (ured tobacco as compared with that gTown in ID4i

In the early part of H)-I) seasonal tonditions were excellent for the plants to be(ollle lstahlished ill tIl( field and for normal growth 1he light rainfall in f1me and July (auBed the (1Op of tobac(o to be bodied and cloubtllsS adwrBely aflleiNl the (oUon and (owpens

The Iainfal for the a-~elll period is ~iyen in table 1 For 1D47 and In4) it was less than nOImiddotIlInJ bu t fOJ 10-1-8 it waS middotwe11 above 1101middotllUtl Tlm distrilution thrOllglOut la(l1 yenr waB espedtlly important in these expellnents

TBLJ l-Rainfall (ill ill(IIlt) on elj)(IimIJltal plotg com)(l((lllith IIOIlII((ll((infa71 milts ((way

-+-~_i___

~~ ----- --~ --gtbullbullbullbull ~ _-- ---~

Monfh 10middot17 H)IS 1949 XornHlL

-+- shy

bull JILI1Unr ~ 3 00 331 1 I on 302 Fcbrllar~ Hi 50G i 511 I 370 I r1f(h 1 fi(j 5 middot1middot1 I 2 L 3 30 April n I] 233 5 72 3 33 (I1 15middot1 7 H5 3 (il 3 44 hlul_ I 70 352 240 4 82 JlIly 377 2 ii7 246 5 l5 lIgm 3 al 4 02 R (i(j 4S4 H(lpl Pill )(1 270 3 00 1 7) 4 21 )(j ()l)(r I j2 1 51 3 OR 251 )opmigtPI fl3U 7 ~j 318 I J8 ()(C( 1111gt1 I 3 Iil 3 80 I 5(i 3 ~~(

r-~_ - _-- ~ -- - _-Total 31 17 537 ~IJ H5 41 )4

TOBACCO

PHOCIDCHI

bull

lwl1 Olill((J plllllt- (1( tlallsplantld front t11( b(ds Ill( Wllmiddot(

pla(Il1 at -foot illllIals ill IOWS fPl[ apart InJ)middot17 (Cx(l(Iimellt ~ I nIP) W(IP (rall-plantp(~ Oil )IIY l nlld Imiddot(plnnls 11( Slt 011 J 1l1H 3 In UHH lIlId lHl (IXjlPIllIllls H 111lt1 () plants PI( (Imiddotamplnnt(middottl 01 ~pril W anl -Wil S lmiddotp-pldin1r alld nplHllts wele S(t Oil fl I~ and )Iny ) I lit oot kllOl-IPSISIII all(I -101 a groWIl 111 HHi tlld till root kno(-swi(pptilJll alipty (ol(l Dollal ill 1HH alld 3tH)

Th( tolJn((o pro(1I((lt1 Oil (1[(11 plot was k(p RPPIIIui( in Ih( Ij(middotld as it was being haryCs(ed lllld tlWIl (Hell sliel was Itlllmiddotlld IJefoll being pla(ld in the (urillg hlrmiddotu ~a(h (lIImiddotjllg from a gllIl 1gt101 was weighed individually and a nlllpl( talH1l for (])(l1Ii(ll ana ysiR and fOJ sludils on quality Tn HH7 thl SllJIIpllt~ waS oIH-folmiddottilh awl in

L

r 6 TECH~lCAL BUILl~T1N lOli r S DEPT OF AGlUCULLUHE

1948 and 1949 onemiddottw(nti(th of tlla curing All samples f1om n given plot 11(1( eOl1lhine(l to nmkC n cOlllposit( sampl( III H)Ii all()tl1ll snmpl( oi iiD J(ay(~ was akpll IIOI1l (teil plot JOI bllln f(sts Tn this stlllpl( tIl( 11111111gt(1 of ]lllCS 110111 (11(11 (Ilring WllS ill tll( sallH ]llOshy

pOIlion to till plot total as flip w(ight of that (tlling WIIS to tlll lotnl w(light bull ftPlfIHSHlllplpsllHd hp(1l fakpll till IPlllaillingoila((o flom each plot middotWtlS sOltpd into dHr(ll(llt fILlll gmlt1(s nnlt1 w(igh((1 All the toblH(O of n giPll 2)alt1( was asspnlblpt and plm(d Oil tlHI a1l(tiollmlllk(( to obtin it snl(s [111((

111(gt (11((( of til(gt soil I lptIIlIlllis Oil tl(l Ioot knol clisPHS( was lt1(f(I lI1inNI by (xtl1lilling lIP 1(lotS of tilt plaus in fliP two middl( IOW 01 (Iach plot aftll halmiddotps Ea(il plnllt Was pla(pd in 011( of 10111

clilssPs of Ioot kilO Hmiddotpli ty f() wh i(il wits ns-iull(middotltl a diRPns( ilHlpx ynlU(i blpd Oil II IIU1XiIllUIll spnlitv of Hm

Tltt SHlllplps fak(n 101 (Ill hllln t(~ts PIp tlliNl in a (ulin hnlll at ](ii)degF (II1Il((l and plll((d in ginss fll1iljalS 1I1id spound1I1pd alld latpl glound ill n IYiltlY mill Ill( (lllilP SHlllpl( WH 11Iix(gt(] t1tolollghly and n ilia]] uhsalllpll dlipd at ~J~~ 1lt 101 ) hou1 FIOIli (hi lIbshylHl1lplp 07 Tllm WlS pln(pd ill t sp((ia]]y PlPplIlld J1Iold and suhshyjcCt(d to It PlPRSIUt oJ 161l() pOl~nd 1gtPI SqUlI10 il1(h Jar ~o S((OIlltlS Ill( lIlIH 11 p(11(( oiJim IIpd hy this 1l1(thod waR pln(pd nB elll h(]ow a h(ating (oil of tIll YP( 11(gt(1 ill llUtolllOhil( (igal(gtitp liglltpoundIS wili(h wns adjuHfpd fmiddoto 11 1111])(I(S nnd alIO((1 to 1(llIaill fOl lillillilip Th( jltrl1it((l Igt(llpound was plnepd ill n lOlllbliSlioll (ahinN and l stmiddotop aleh~llS lIs((l 10 1((01([ tilp t imp lpquil(gt(l fol (olllpl(t( e()llIiJlIsiioll

~IIalys(g 101 total ehlotiIll (gtIP 11 la (( fot all till(( (IOPS The iO)t(o alllpi (1( -lllhj(middot(t(middot(l o 1I tPllq)(Iatlll( of LK O 1lt until II( st(IllS (1( dlY gloll11d ill a I ill III ill so (IS to pass tli Iolllh a IOllllsll siPY( a nltlton( ill glass fIli i t jnrs TIl( I1W hod (j f niPsRocin Hon of Olficin1 Alilnl turn1 Cli(1l1 is(~ wn~ IIR((I 10 dpfC111l iIll th( IOlal Cllloli 11( of II ~nlni)lp J)lplitnt( Sllllpl(ls PIP uR((1 and Iill flYCIflg( of tIl( ntll(I t (x]lICss(d 011 n T1l()i~flJl(-fl(p hnsis

Tas(p odol and slllokin d(UIIlIJnfl( iOl1slllP llIadl fol tlIp Iln (IOJl ollly hr pXP(I( of n (oIIlIllPlcia 1oiJo((o (0111 plllly

Ill(gt tol(lal1(( of (obI((O fo soil appli(afioll~ 1I1ldp hlfolP tlIUIS~ plalltil1g-i~ho11 ill fahhmiddot ~ fOIWmiddotli (1)(1 III fahlp~ f(u H)middotIK and 1f)ln

IESl LTS 1 19Vi

TIl( PPlIiIlHIII- PIP lint hpgllll ll1til IfI alld fOl thi~ I(a~oll t 11( lohI((o plallts had to Ill t IHI1-pltIl(Pltl ill ahout ~((k n f(PI f hc inshys(di(id(~ hut 1)(gt111 appli(([ to tlIP soil l( was not possihlp o Hoicl thi~ billmiddot it is Illmiddotli(pd thaI tlt(middot plallb PIP (IHl1spIHI1[p(l 10(1 SOOIl II HpJ tIl(gt ills((lieidls lPIP npplip( hp(IIII~( till plJpd of SOIllP of (]l( illsp(i (id(s 011 lli( plallts 11- a ppa IPII i II II shol( ti nIP tflPI I h(middoty had h((11 tlansphtnfpd to tlll i(middotlltl [1111 IIIOI plant WplP IPq1liJCltl to Ipplallt illp plot that lilul bpPIl 1(Ij((1 wit Ii hL1 pounds of 1gt(I1Z(I1( iJ(gtxw1l10shy)icJ( PPI H(I( and wilh HJ ponllll~ of DDT pillS 10 pOlmlt1~ of IgtPI1Z(II( hpxH(hlOJilt1p than to Ipplanl 11()lsl((piing flny OUI( IllutmPllis (111gt1lt 2) Tlils two (lpntlll(lll (os 7 lind 0) t1()~tllnfllt1 ft lalg( nllnlbpl of pII1I(h thloughollt th( ~(ns()n and thph( plantR yirld((l no tobne(o Thp olIlIIatlll(nfs had no nppl((iahlp pll(( on Ill plnnts ]~PIl so S(JIIl( of ill( planfs on til( pl()~ (Iwi I((pjwd 111( 100-p01l11d rail of DDT ~h(J(d ~YlllJlIJIll of (hloJillt inim (hnla(tPiI((l hy

bull

bull

bull

bull bull bull ----l ~ =I J tl n

TABIE 2--Toerallce oj tobacco to insecticide applied to the soil brfore traI81)lalltill[J (19~11-ctpelimmt Ll) 8

--- ~~- o =I

j -~I------

StuulNi Tilll( for IA(r~ge ~ 1iiuilbi(gt rleoma pel combustion Insecticides I1nd dOFUgC Iponnds Tnmiddotat Illtll I Hplants plant pPr

loblltco PltI l1er(gt (hlolm I Jper LCr) 0 pcrltrc Here ILl ill burnflrr content 8hILlT( t(gtst

~ tlt1

lIlIlh(r VUii Jgtomds f)olurs Perrlfil Seconds ~ Untreuled check _bull HOO 03 1000 I 525 J(j[ 2 373 DDT10 ____________ _ ~ 2 fl3 3S 1050 538 1 06 2466 Ul

20______________ ____ _ _ 3 700 S8 1013 513 ]40 2429 o40_ ________ bull _________ bull __ 4 738 25 J525 500 1 60 2456 z100_______ ____ _ ___ 5 838 1 0 1000 53S L 58 2425

BCllz(nc hexaehioridl tt((hnitlt)

a

6 t107 ___ _ 0 975 112 i I 575 ~ 513 I 08 2580 ()833 _ _ _ 7 2775 1175 I 203 1 80 2 813 gt

77575 bull n125 + DDT 25 __ ~ 1025 I 550 j13 t 51 2580 950+DDTIO ____ l 2 113 53R i 1263 ass 1 8middot1 2824Toxaphene 20 ____ __ _ 10 825 50 1538 4S8 I j 0 2370 o

n Differencl rNuir(d for signifirllltcc

at 5-perccut IpnL __ j50 j50 200 75 (11 190 ~ ~~

1 Xot significunt ltt(orcling to the F tltgtst n

~ tlt1 gttil

-l

~ I

bull bull bull ----l ~ =I J tl n

TABIE 2--Toerallce oj tobacco to insecticide applied to the soil brfore traI81)lalltill[J (19~11-ctpelimmt Ll) 8

--- ~~- o =I

j -~I------

StuulNi Tilll( for IA(r~ge ~ 1iiuilbi(gt rleoma pel combustion Insecticides I1nd dOFUgC Iponnds Tnmiddotat Illtll I Hplants plant pPr

loblltco PltI l1er(gt (hlolm I Jper LCr) 0 pcrltrc Here ILl ill burnflrr content 8hILlT( t(gtst

~ tlt1

lIlIlh(r VUii Jgtomds f)olurs Perrlfil Seconds ~ Untreuled check _bull HOO 03 1000 I 525 J(j[ 2 373 DDT10 ____________ _ ~ 2 fl3 3S 1050 538 1 06 2466 Ul

20______________ ____ _ _ 3 700 S8 1013 513 ]40 2429 o40_ ________ bull _________ bull __ 4 738 25 J525 500 1 60 2456 z100_______ ____ _ ___ 5 838 1 0 1000 53S L 58 2425

BCllz(nc hexaehioridl tt((hnitlt)

a

6 t107 ___ _ 0 975 112 i I 575 ~ 513 I 08 2580 ()833 _ _ _ 7 2775 1175 I 203 1 80 2 813 gt

77575 bull n125 + DDT 25 __ ~ 1025 I 550 j13 t 51 2580 950+DDTIO ____ l 2 113 53R i 1263 ass 1 8middot1 2824Toxaphene 20 ____ __ _ 10 825 50 1538 4S8 I j 0 2370 o

n Differencl rNuir(d for signifirllltcc

at 5-perccut IpnL __ j50 j50 200 75 (11 190 ~ ~~

1 Xot significunt ltt(orcling to the F tltgtst n

~ tlt1 gttil

-l

~ I

bull bull bull

r---~- ------~ 1 j

jlAIlLE 3-1oitl(lIICf oj tobacco to insecticides applied to the soil in the sprinJ oj 1947

_ ~___-r-_ ~------~-- ~-- - - ~ 00

Time for YllIlg( Hoot kllol Hnltlble A(mgl

TI(llllI(1I1 Itlplllllll Imiddot I t i rIICOIIH combusshyllls(cticiciel nlld dOill( (pilll1d lwr l(1(l di~tle loha~co chlorille 8X 0 PPI Il(11 111~ I 01 1)( r acre lioll ill tlIUIIl 10 index ppr ILIn content bum test ~-~- m

1948--ExpCriIllNlt B lllbtr J IIrlus raquo0 II1H1s ])ol(lIS Prlcellt Sf(Ollrl~ a J

lnlr(ilttJ cl(ek bullbull tOO III 31l 1 188 500 0 no 2 L60 gt ~ ])))1

10 1 2 SOS HJ 17 1 I(j3 middot188 I 00 2 I3 to

20 1 - 3 J50 22 middot12 1 125 middot175 bull U-I I 2 005 q ~

-lO middot1 150 21 middotIS 1-150 475 85 i 2Ol7 ~

100 5 I lila Il aR 1125 middot88 208-1 II bull H) gt-3 HllIzen( hpllehll1ridl Il(etlli(lII

~Hi-7 1 n l75 18 2i 1150 175 2l)0L 0-1 I S3S 7 iSS 15 1middot1 l2ii 375 I on 2 172 125 ( l)l)I 25 I S J13 21 2middot1 121a 52) 104 2120 0 50 + OUI 10 bull l 12) 20 2S 12)0 51S I)J j 2 123 -I

ToxnphcllP 20 I bull _ _ bull 10 1 125 17 middot13 1 125 ((i3 20))1 071Difference rtqllirNi fOl si)lificlIlI(middot(gt ~

III 5-percent leveL _ I~j (2 ]2 l2) i5 (2) 66 l1J4J--Expcrimcnt C entreated check_______ aS8 18 521 1238 538 1 30 1833 tI ])DT I tl

10 1bullbull __________ 20 1_____________ bull 2 125 18 5117 1288 5i3 L 2middotj IOSJ ~

l n5 17 62 S I 1238 550 128 1814_40 ____ bull ________ middot1 alS IJ middot10 (j 1325 588 122 1821 0

100 __________ bullbull gtj5 aGS 1 (8l) I 1100 488 l 2) i 1787

B(lIzPIIC hcxllchloride tpehlli(llll 0 gt

107 ______ bull __ (i a75 18 22 II 131S 588 ln I 1886 tl8aS ___ bull __ bull __ 7 313 H) 21 2 141S i25 l sa I 1870 Cl 125 + D))I25 1 s middot17) 18 2lS I a25 Gl3 L S4 I 1871 q 50 + DDT 10bullbull l middotIas IS 27 1400 il25 l 271 18Ll E3

loxllphcllfl 20 1 __ bullbull 10 31a 17 382 132) iS8 1 33 184 L cj Difr(rellCC rlquirpd fur i~lIifi(all(( tl

Ilt 5-ptrCCIIL 1((1 ~l (2) 18 -I (2) (2) (2) I 68 tl

I 1cPlutcri Illllllllllly I)([on the pring crop (Ie pltlllled 2 Not significllllt Ilc(ordillg to th P tpst

9 ~FFECr OF SOILlHEAllrENlS OX TOBACCO CQTlONJ COWPEAS

It glossy appellllll(( and thicker htittle Ilaye~ No leaching rains fell dluing the 1047 grOWhlg seaSOJl

The two henzem hexllehloriclc treatments tltat lelt1I1((gt(l the stand

bull and stunted many llnnt siglli(j(Hntly c1l(IeHsN1 the yield ancJineoltle of the tobaClO as eomJ)lIled with tlte cheek The other beatments had no appIeeiable efled on the yield Ill( tolJa(o produced on the plots that had bcen tleated with 1gtenZel)(1 hexHehlorid( lJl1ll1l(l moll slowly than that frolll the untlpaled t11PCk pIotR Tlte tlentlllll1S did nol ~ignHi(antlr a 11((1 the (hlolinc )l1h~nt of the (lllNl hai n11 hongll tlwlP was a tll1tleney fOl tlw highlsl eltloline tonlent to be in till iobac(o 110111 th( plots 1l((ling the two ll(gtlVil~t dosages of bel1zllll ll(xnehlolide

The nematode populnfioll on the loots oJ the plants at ma[ulity wa~ -tudied but t11(le was no nppnwnt dUJellJ1(e in nIl (lisea-e lJ(t W(gt(11 illntmenis

rasl e (lltpIll1i nations 111Ollt1 thaI Ill( lwa i(t ltlOSlP 0 r DDT j IllshylallN1 a slightly sPltjslt flaOl to th(lobll((o wltplpasali (1(all1l(lIt- il~l 1gtPIIZ(I1( lllxnthlolidl il11pnlllltl nn paltll tns[( tllHt was 1111shyl1(SIllI1gt1(

Rlllokil1 and 0(101 dti(I1l1iwtliol1- UHYpound i1lOIl-istpll lp~ults so (hal It was wi jlolsiblp (0 -n middothal Irpafillpnts if lny WP)P lU1IlIing- the iohaclo

RE~n- IX 1J+~

bull Tlluspla nt i Ilg (olHIit iOlls i It 1011 PIP PI J1LOIabll III( stald

and glowth of lht plnllb l)( faid unifollll lIpight IIlpn-IlIlnllllls and yields tnhll ) shO(t no sigllilkHllt dil1I(l1llS hp(wlln h(umiddot IllP 11 ts Tn g(l1lIul tll( yiphl of 111((1 (o)a((o was good lxtpp( 110111

tlH plots thnt hnltllllpipltl lll H-pOlllld dosl( 0 hlllz(l)l hlxathloshyIi(l( ill I nmiddoti TIl( illlOIlI( flOI1l till plots t IPlIll(I at illi- Iosal 10shy

o-il1ilitantl JOWll than 110111 plot- I(l(lillg nil otlllI tlPHtllltJlt TI1l nthI 1I(11111(I1[S llilllllO nppl(inhl( pflpd on lit yipld 01 -al(- ytdupound

Tit sludips Illntil 011 Ioo knot l1(l1latodl population Oil thl plallts at Illtlllit shOld that ])(IlZtlIl hlxlllhlolidp gun S(Jllll (ontIol WhlIPY(I IHiPd Billll (sts hO(([ tlw( till ioilu(o obtnilwd 110111 till plot- tlpnllltl with too ]gtOUIHl- or ])[)T hllI(lt fatpl thlll In of til(gt ot1 I1I toha((o Till IhlolillP (Olltll1tmiddot n- sOllwllHtloPI thln ill IHi nppHI(lItly owing-to glPlItlI llIinfall - ill Wli thl)( al-gt 110 siuilicanl ltI i 11(1(111(( ill (hIOlIIl( (ontllll ])(1((11 illl (1(n(lI](n(- Th(II( WaSl tPllltillllY hoPYll fOl tIll (o1gta((o 10 lllle 11101( lthIOlilll ill it nftpI tlll ll-( oi henzllll 1t(lxHlhloli(h and lps after DDT

Th( tobal(o wn- glnlild ill tllt pa(khOlISl by (l()t11l1l1(1l1 1I[HhIS Ill(gt -la()llul llnIflg-l PIiepound rOl enlh glnltll as f1H1I lIsed 10 (ulcltlntl (1)( ill(OIl 1( IDI ln(ll fi(ld plot Y1l(11 Il1(s( 1 luts (11(1 (Olll pn IP([ i til lIP lIe(uul (middotlJillg Pliel of the tobm(o till (olIplntio)) (llPflkientwIs found [OIH lInOIlI hi(h i- highl igllifi(tnl allinllilalioll Ihnt Illl l YO IllP[hocis ml (-s(l1(illl Ill( 111( IPSIlItbull HI~sllr I 1C)Ilt)

YlfltlH1 ltollltlitiol1s PIP lost Jtolablp 101 tolm((o IIallSpluns in HHll lind till stlllld of planll-l nn(l theil height W(I( not flfl(((Nl hy ~hctrentments (tuhle3)

r t

10 TECJIICAL Bt~UJETIN 101 i J l DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

The differences in the yield 1Il1 income resulting Trom the various treatments WllC not sig-nifjeflll( In general the highest yield and ine01l1c wtrc lcclivNl from til( plots where bCn~clle lwxlehlOlide (treatment Sos () 8 nndl) had Iltell applied allcllhe lowps whlll~ 100 pounds of nDT lind been applied in U)J7 All the blnzene hexashy(h101ide t Iea lllllnls gaC lloliCPH hIe control of the root knot nematode bull nnd this COlltlOJ pidtnt1y nfrN~tp(l th(~ yields HUln test 1(sults were ]]O so (ollsilpllt as in lJmiddot~~L nl tobacco ItOm soilleceiing the 100shypound dosage of DDT temkd to burn faster than tltat frOI1l soi I reshyceiving any other ttlatment but the DDT did ]lot seem to he entirelr lCspomlible lillc(l the slomsf burn was obtained flol11 the tobac((J glOVll wherc til( IO-pound dosage of DDT had been r(]1Nlted al1l1lutlly Chcllliltoftl llnnlyses fol rhloline show(d thaI (h(I( wa no sig-nifi(allt

Ii diifellIHp helw((1) 1l(gt[ltlll(nls aHhollgh llt(l( waH a 1(]1(1(])() as in ]lI(violiS -pals ror the tolmC(o f101Il til( b(I1~Cn( It(xaehloJilti1 plot to ha ( 11101( lhlolinn Hnd fot thllt from Ill( nDT plots to Ita l lpss ehlOli 11(1 than the untlented tobacco

COWPEAS

PROCEDURr~

The BIahhnlll YariPt) of (OWp(as was plan(Nllaelt )(lll Thllwas W(I( plnlltpd ill IOS flP( npul I() rows to ln(]1 filld plot Tlw W(IP 1)I1nl((] on Tl1I1P IT in HIImiddotT III1(]( in JlmiddotIH lind Junc 22 in 1H~)

V]](1l the plants 1)1( lip (Ollllls W(IP nlnlt1( nl fllqllllltin(enals (0 dNlIlllin( tIll (f)pd of lltt ttpnlllHJlIs Oil p]nll( HIIIial and gl()tI bull ~S the CllH)n adIlIH((llbl Jlpigltt of Ill( planls as JlINlsllIed (0 dlshyl(Imill( til( lfJp(( oj tlt( diIrltIl[ (IPrLIIlHl1ls Oil plan D(lllt

TJl rip1l of lIa wus dpIP1IlIiIH( II (lUhw and pinhin- all I ht dJlPH 1111 1lt(lS Ill()(II(((1 011 fOUl w-r)ot (Iil~ illlilally I()(~((t Ol H 11 plots

Tll(gt y(1](l of 1Ils ill tIH hull was l(lpl1I1ilHd hy (al(llIlllt picking and lihing nll thp IHt~ thnt IPllIHil1pd 011 Ilw plnls nrlpl Ill( lwa rim lIny ~lIIl]lI(s hncl ](111 fakpll

~l1I1II)Hln of lIP datil oltaillPd fIolll tllPs( Ihlp( (p-t- is inlI in talJh I

I Est ITS 1 H III nIl til HIII-pollnd ltJosng of DDT lpdl1(((1 111( Htllld Olll(shy

hut nltJlOlIgh lilt Ialld wn- 1101 ignj(j(ll1llly nmllpl thall thai 011

Ih( (b((k JlI()(~ 11]( plot- tlpnlpd with ~ll POt11lll of 1)(lIIZ(lll htXIshy(hllt)Iicl IJIHtHld 1 -ignili(tllfir glpat(I 1I1111lilPI of plall(s (hall til( (1)((1 p10( Dllling II( PHY pat of tlip glOing IJ(Iiolt Iltt lIH) llOlllHlllItP of I)J)T IP(nl(ltd p1anl Iolh Hnd tlH ili IH1llIHlsof )(11shyZCllP 11lxlIhlolidp ~(illlltln(lcl if bull

TltllP n- 110 -iglliliHllt dillpJ(IllP ilpl (111 (lip 1 Iious Inall1lenlf ill I t( ltjll1niily or IHH i IP hay plodll[p(l Thl I 0 hidllsl dosngp of hPIlZtlll HXllhlolillll gap siglli(j(middottllfly 11101( jllas hnn nn) olhI j I(IIIHII( (X((pl Ill( 1011poIllH1Inlp of nDT

lJiatlllJ middot11- l

EFFECT OF SOIL TREATMENTS ON fOBACCO) COTTON) COWPEAS 11

TAIILE 4-1olcrance of COHpe(ts in 1ltllD48 an(l1Q49 to inseotioides applied to the soil in the 8p)ing of 1941

Trentmiddot i fltand of Insecticide aud dosage (pounds mont plantsper acre) COWPCIlRbull

No per acre in the hull

~ __I ____

1)47-Experilliellt C h~~C8 Pglll1r1s POllnl~1

Untreated eheck bullbull __ uJ GIn 700 1)22 DDT

10_ 2 I (iG313 20 5 I 15240 middotI-In 20 bull _bullbull __ bullbull 3 I 70OSR 22 5 1Ii 880 400 40 __ middot1 i 02 Oilmiddot n 2 I 17 l0(j 53( 100 ____ bull -_ bull 5 53313 Ill 1 15OG5 nil

Brllzeilc hcxachlorid( laquo((chilimiddot cal)

Hi7 __ bull Ii i 71531 2middot1 I 17515 i i3S 833_ bull 7 73503 2middot1 G 1(i8S0 1)71 125 + DDT 25 S I li5 sla 22 n j(i ll07 (j52 50 + DDT 10 bullbull 1 71188 2middot1 (l 177S7 1middot12

TuxaphfIll 20 10 on ISS 21 S 10 SSO middot120 Dilfrrenc( r(cillirrd for sil-shy

nificancl at 5-pcl(PIII1((1 _ _ bullbull 10281 gt_ D- 2middot1(j

1)jS~-ExplIitnpnl rntrPlLtNl elHck _ 315)middot1 l 2 8 SImiddotI 12S D TYl

bull 10 ~ __ bull 2 3(1175 10 55 1000 02 bull _ 3 alll(jl llS8 OSO 40 bull middot1 3871l H531 7sa 100 t) 22 1HH fit ailmiddot1 ill I

BPIl7(IH lwxuchlnlicll llchllimiddot (all

lti7 2 (j l-IIHi) 1l 1 S lS1 1 Oil S33 7 aRt ORR 10 I 10 SIO 1131 125+ DDT 25 2 x aliliit) s~ () S Ins l71 50tmiddot DDT 10 II Ia S7ii 11 a 10 alii 057

TUXllph(IH 20 - 1012 )(jI) l il IO70l 1000 DitT(rpm rpquirNI for -il-shy

nifictlll(r al 1-pPI(pnt Ip(1 27)

lHl-middotI-llfrillwllt B lnirPlltlr1 clwck ll 21) 102 21 Hi2 DDT

10 l 2 7)3middot11 70 IllS7- 2Hi 20 I 3 )7 125 n middot1 IS 832 282 10 bullbull middot1 01500 105 21 middot112 232 100 bull bull 5S031 Ii (j 1551S 282

BllIzenl hexu(11ori(( (C(llnishy(all

(j 9-shy

bull I bull I l 100 middotIax n Ii _I) S33 __ _ bull 7 l1250 n l 201 125- DDT 25~ S 1003i5 8 2middot1 Ii 50 + DDT 10 bullbull I sa65G X7 2middot11

Toxnp1enp 20 2 _ 10 75 nOG 1 il 188 Difference reqllir(d f(H i~bull

nificmlcc ILt 5-1)(f((J t l(vll 18bull100 2 I

I Xot 1i~nificllnL n~corrlilll-( to the P lest Z Repeated alJlJIlItlly before the pritlg (rop Wit planted

12 TECHXlCAL nlLLETJN 1Omiddotl i l S DEPj OF AGH1CULlTRI~

In PltS (he h~njesl c1mmgl of ])DT (allHld HOlll( plallt (lalllagp cady lJl Ow glOlllg S(ltson 110((1]10 attlllIpt IIHS lliade to study the YHliationin tIll Hlalld ul1til thp plallts (gtIl lolllpalathply lalgl bull A count mad Oil ]llly 2) hoyltd I hat tll(middot j()()-pOlI11d (Iosag of DDT ltad L(ducNl thc slnlHl (ol1silti(lIahly (fig 1 lJJ

bull

bull IrnUiil~ l-RlIltl nml fp(lh lit (OIJ)(IlIs I On 1111 llltlputld plot n lIll II

VIol that lInd Iccllp(l DD1 [I(a [Illlut No ii

f

bull

bull

bull

BltFBCl OF SOIL lItEATMgNlS ON lOBACCO J COl1ONJ COWPEAS 13

The stand of plants on a typieal 1I11tlCatelti check plot is hown in figure 1 ct The height of tltf1 plnnts measllred on the same date showed thal this henvy dosage of DIYI was retarding plant glowth (lable ~~)

Tlule was no significant difference bebrNB YllriOI1S treatments for the yieW of ]1IIY although the plots i1mt Je((~i(~ll the ]Itltviesi dosage of DDT yieldecl considerably less thnn Illly othel plots The highest YJelcl of pens was from plots lccliving the ABa-1)Olllld dosnge of benshyene hexllchlolidp and tllis yield was significantly gr(gtntel than that fo( pithe) of tllp holHHilst c1Ofmg(s n DDT

RESULTS I 1949

In lVclV many plants diNl Oil nil tLlnt(d plots as tlw SlIlS0It 110-gTPSS((l By Tuly 2V the 20-pollnd llosag(1 01 DDT lppeatNt arlllunlly and the lOO-pound dosagl appl itd on I j 11 1)47 had signi ficllIltly lpdu((gtcl the stand (tahle ~~) I-hgtight 1lHIISlIl(nHgtnb s11oplt1 Ihat (h(se DDT tl(gtatllllllts had sllI11 tNl t11(gt plants

D(gtspilt fht diilelento nolNl in th( stand and g]owlll of Ille pells I(cliving Ihe ll1iolls [Iealll1(n(s 111(((gt WtlH no signifhnt diffcleur( iII the yield ot hny 01 pttH ill Ule ]I lIll Th is nppnlPllt diil(le1l((gt brtlll(gt11 (naIl1(lIts hiell could 1101 be jllOVgt(1 snlistkally mw hnw resulted flol11 too fplI llPIICutpS 1)(gt1 trCa[lIlent

COTTON

PHOCI~D1JHg

In 1()17 CoktLs Yilt Jon variCty of (OltOIl WlIS planted Oil May Dj ill H)middotJ8 and 1Mn SPlllnml 5~2 was plallted Oil pliI 27 and 10 leshyspcdiYll YlleJ1 Ih(gt plantH 1(1(gt lip to It good stuld oiJsPIntiolls WPI( mnch at llNlupnt iI(gtIllIs to ltlltplll1illl till lnpl of III( 11(gt(1shyJlllllts on plan 811Iin] lIlld lowth

Ill(gt -nnd was ((t(Inlinell by (ollntinp tlH plants 011 II piYl1l lpllpth () l IOW Pll plol ((tell spaSOll

Th(gt boll pe11 illf(satioll lUS aSlPItainlltllJy pxnmining lOll sqllallS IHL plot a[ aPP1oxilllalllr 2-llk intpluhi [hlOllgllollt he lHSOll ObS(gtIVlltiollH (gtIe lIladp (H(ll S(asoll on yaliollH ot11tI (ottOIl illHPds that llligh 111( aninfluPIl(e on the I(stllui ohtailled

Growth studil were made by 1l11astlling tlllt heigllt of tllt plnntf bllt IheH( l(gt(ol(lH arc omitted as tlHl( w(re 10 (Ol1sisCllt tlifflIelw(s Hssoeinte( ith the soil I((atlmnts Howevpl there wap l t(ndency ill tD47 for the pltllfg tf) grow highlIin plots whplp the stllnd had been S((1(ly l((hl~pd hy til(gt oj I t Ipat 111(11 ti

CottOJl yields (1( [nlll1 hut 11HY el(in low owing to boll w(eyil da mape alid soi 1l(()l1sist(n t tba t 11HY (gt1( inaliNIlUl te for eld uati np tl1( trtflil1leIltH III tIl(gt UlltlPlltld ploti tIl nlit(l JlOlIl )00 pouncls of Heed (otton ill HlJH [0 -)() pOllnds in 1nmiddot~l Ills(I(titi(ips (1( not tlpplie(] to (11( (oHOII foliage 101 boll (l~il (0111101 Ipst I1Il expcrishy1II1ntnl tl(llhllll1tS bp upset

The ef)eel of the soil hentlll(nti on th( slallds of plallts fot tll( I hrle (gta 1S iH shown in blb1e tgt

r l~ ~ECHNICAL BULLETIN 1047 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

~ l TABLE 5-10ZeJa110e 0 rotton to insecticide8 alJpliecl vo the soil in

the spring of 1[)17 as tndicated by the number 0 7)lants in 218 feetI 010W _----

Insecticides and dosage Treabncnt 1047 1048 1919(pounds pel acre) No bull Untreated chec____ __ _ 6lt10 1065 323 DDT

10 1 2 553 820 280 __ -------__----------- shy20 1__________ __ __ -- ----- 3 650 997 23740 _____________________ 4 594 ]020 305100 ________________________ (j 632 1 057 256

Benzene hexach loridt (technishycal) 167 1_______ bull _______________ 6 610 I 082 308833________________________ 7 98 117H 318

125 + DDT 25 1___________ 8 550 1 OlD 276 50 + DDT 10 _______________ g 4(j) 1030 304

Toxaphene 20 1___________ _____ ]0 i31O 1 D5ll 247 Difference required for signif- I

icance at 5-porcent leveL __ 1_ - ----- - -I I 71 (2) (2) I

I Repeated annually before planting 2 Not significant according to the ]i test

RESULTS IN 1947

In 1947 tIle seed was planted 1 (by after insecticide applications were made It germinated well and at first the plant stand was unishyforl11 In the plols treated with 833 pOLll1Cls of benzene hexachloride llOwever R5 perctl1t oJ the young plants eliell 111ere also were reshy bulldndions in the staml for two other benzene lllxachlolitle tlcatments lind for the lowlst dosage of DDT (tnble 0)

The plants that sUlTivec1 did not seem to be affected by the treatshyments Even so smvjyolS of the 838-pound dosage of benzene hexashychloride (treatment No7) averaged 30 inclles in height Oil Jllly in whereas the plants for the other treatments ranged from ~H to 26 inches This diffelcnce in growth was probably due to less competishytion where there WCle fewer plants The yields varied from 112 pounds of seed cotton pel acre for the No7 treatment with benzene hexachloride to 500 pounds for the No8 treatment An the yields were reduced by boll weevil damage Although the yield differences were within the limits of experimental errol there was t tendency for lower yields where there was a poor stand of plants

HESULTS IN 1948

In 1948 the weather vas favorable fol seed germillatioll the st~lIHl of cotton plants was good and thcle a~ 110 evidltllce of damage from bull any of the treatments The height of plants on July H Yflied between 23 and 27 inches The yields varied between 462 and 562 pounds of seecl cotton pel aCre Neither the plant l)cight nol the yield seemed to be associated with the treatment

IF

EFFECT OF SOIL TREAfMEoNfS ON TOBACCO CO~rTONJ COWPJlAS 15

RESULTS IN 1949

In 1949 there was a poor stand of cotton owing to adverse weather

bull However the stand was fairly uniform and there was no evidence of any dunage from the insecticide treatments The height of the plants on July V was uniform-ootween Hi and 18 inches Ul1favorable weather throughout the gLowing season and damage by the boll weevil resulted in extremely low ywlds--50 to 88 pounds of seed cotton per acre

WINTER COVER CROPS

PROCEDURE

Rye [Uldlt mixture of oats and Austrian winter peas were grown as cover crops each year The Abruzzi vIlriety of rye Cokers Victor Grain oats and Dixie Vondel Austrian winter peas were used rhe rye was planted as a sepamte crop whereas the oats and winter peas were mixed before being plantecl These crops were planted by means of a grain chill

RESULTS IN 1948

bull

Owing to an ullusual1y rainy fall in 1047 it waS not possible to plant the cover crops until December For this reason the growth was poor and no effort was made to obtain samples However by 11arch 1948 the rye and oats had been damaged by the two heavy dosages of benzene hexachloride and the 100-pound dosage of DDT The stand of the Austrian winter peas was poor and it was not possible to make a reliable estimate of the effect of the insecticides on these plants

RESULTS IN ] 949

The 194D crops were planted on Novcmber 12 1D48 [lnd sampled for comparative yields on the following March 11 The stand of Austrian winter peas waS poor cOllsequently it was not possible to make separate estimatcs or to take separate samples of this crop However for comparatiyc yiplcls oJ each of the three experiments five similarly located samples of foliage were taken from each plot Each sample consisted of the foliage irom 8 feet of row

bull

Table ( shows tllat the insecticides ewsccl more injury to the rye than to the oats and Austlitlll wintel pens and that the effect on the rye was quite differcnt after eaeh crop T~le severest injury occurred where rye foHowed tobacco ancl cowpeas ll1 the rotation and where the soil type witS of It Bght sand 1he cowpeas were removed fIom the plots before the rye was planted (experiment A) and this reducshytion in organic matter may have influcnced the results HOwever subsequent York has indicated that the soU type was also an imporshytant factor Where rye followed cotton in the rotation and the cotton was plowed under before the Covel crop was planted (experi-middot ment C) the damage ras much less noticeable 11Owever the soil where this experiment was located is heavier than that where experishyment A was located In the experiment where the severest injl1ly occurred (experiment A) the three hewiest dosages of DDT md the heaviest dosage of benzene hexachloride injured the plnnts

16 ~ECHNrcAL BFLLETIN lOliJ U S DEPT OF AGlUCUJJTUHE

TABlE (i-Tolemllce of (o)ej (IOPS dlllillj the win tel of I[)~8-4) to inyecticides ((pplied to the 80il in the splillj of 1947 Wi indircdcd by the weight of l)lallts illcludinrl oots in 1M jlft of (hm IOU

Experi- I Experi- Bxperishylllellt A Illent B ment C bull

TrcatshyInsecticidcs (pounds per acrltl mcnt 0 llylt folshy Oats and ]lyc folshylowing winter lowing

I cowpea pens collon

---~-- 1--- Pounds POIllels Pounds

Untrcatltd cl1(ck _1 118 5 3 10 J DDT

10 1 _______ bull - I 2 103 1 3 10720 i __ __ _ _ ___ _ I 73 G 2 g 040 ________ 1 55 42 11 I

-100 1 ) 32 3 () 6 0 Benzene hcxachlori(h (technical)167 1bullbull _____ bull ___________ _ o U 2 3 8 10 middotl

833____ __ __ _ I 7 0 ] 3 (j 7 ) 125 + DDT 25 1_ _ S 71 1 2 11 1 50 + DDT 10- __ U 6 n 1 2 n (j

Toxaphene 20 1 ___ 10 8 5 a 8 127 Difference required for Rirlifmiddot

ieallee at 5-percenL le(middot1 --- -_ I 3 7 3 (j

1 Rcpcatcclallnllally before thc spring crops werc plauted 1 Xot significant according to the F test

bull

bullFIGtJllE 2-Stllnd fint growth oC ry( in (xl)(rilll(ut A ill 1Hl 1 On IU 1111shytreated plot II 011 II plot ghPl1 DIYI t1cnl11IlI1 No e 011 t plot g-h(1l benzcnchcxllchlorid( irelltment No7 iJ 011 It plot ghPII tOXlIllhlIll tleatmPlIl No 10

FFE(T OF mL TIUT~ ET- 0- TOBC(O (OTTOS COWPEMi 17

-OIllP ppct- (J I- t h( i Il(ctilidl- Oil tIll IP nt( ill 11( In Itd ]y a (Olll shyjlHliOll or ~ullplp- flOIll th llli I(atpd (In(k (fi~~bull 11 ith Ullplls JIomplotsl((piYtllgthp 111l)pmIlHI doal 01 1)1)1 (fi~~1J1 and tIll

bull -~J)(IIIIl(l dougl or 11(11l7P)Il hlxHlltlo)idl (fi~ 2 (J Ill ~llpOllld dOSH( or IOXlpltllIl t Ii ~l)l did 1Iot ildfknlllly Ipdwl I Ill yh-Id dtltoll1t till [owtlt or (it 11 Wll- ttllIId (Ii ll 111 (]I(llishyIlltllt ( Ollhmiddot til( 1IlIipt dOHI or nllT lI111l or 1)(11I7lI](1 1w1shy(middothlOli([(middot hatllll l d 111( IYP plallt tIPIP Olt- alld II~tliltl11 ill(pI

IHI 1111( IHmiddotd II I (()Pl (IOP tIX[JlliIlHll1t HI lIP yi(ltd rot nIl

bull

bull I 5 7 10 FIiI~It~ ntnplmiddot Ill pIHIlt- ittlltlllill~ It frlllll VillI trllll (flPIi1IH1I1 or

tJp rt~ Plitmiddot in IHIU rpnIHI lft~atItH1HI t bull 1 Hud Itl

18 rECE-INICAL BtJLLETIN 1047 1 S DEPT OF AGlUCULlURE

treated plots was lowel than for the rhCCk but the ditTelCIJ(C was not statistically significant In this connection the soil where this exshypetimCnt was lorated is somewhat hCaiCl tlmn that JOl lxpeliment A but lightCr than tllllt fOr Cxpllill1Cnt C Praetically CClY plot that had been treatel with the beaviest dost1r(gt of benzene hexnchlolide conl(l be loratNl by the lrddish color of the plants

RESULlS J 1950

Thl toyer (rops WPle plnntNl 011 O(toil(t 27 IfJ-~l hut the stand of plallt~ was so pOOl thry were plantCltlngllin 011 NO(lllhll 11 Nille sltllJples welC takpn flom loeat iolls ill Caell plot fot yiCIlt1 brtwPln MaLch 11 and 2~ Eueh sample eomistrd or the yirhl from a 4-SqllHlP-Joot alCll Owing to the v(Itintirlll in the stand of winh1 1 pens and oats in YariOllS P11t of the fiCllt] it wa~ not possiblr to obtain an t(ematp estimate of theil yicl1s howCYPI) the Y1P1lt1 otlyt in rxpClimPllts A ancl B was studied (table 7)

In CxPtilll(llt A hl( )e followed (otton thC plot in which the lOo-pound rnte of DDT was appliC(l ill 1047 J)lodue((l tIC ]olRI yield The higl10st Yirld IIOm tLlIyinsrrtieidr hentlllCnt waS flOIll thC LO-pound dmmg( of DDI rqipliNl annually This yirld Wfl~ signifieantly hidH1 thnn that flol11 ])])1 applipcl al 20 pounds anshynually 01 nt 40 01 ](10 pOlllHls in Illmiddot17 only n ws also sig-nificantly hig-hpl than fhl yielltl flolll tlll plots lNlking bll1Zll1P Iwx(J(hlolilt1p at HI7 pOlmlt1s P(t (C annnally or at R~3 pounds IWI a(Il in HH7 only

IIILImiddot 7-Tot J((J([ oj (O( I mls dl(itt1 Iii lIil1r I 0 ItfJmiddotO 0 inR((li(id(~ 1111llilll to tIll wi ill till NIJinl 0 IfJff wlt illtlh(dul 1111 flu ( hIlt 0 Jlftwls ilrllidillff (lois Oil In WlO1 it It

EX[lrinHllt Explrin1ul A B

Tnmiddotltl nHnt Xo

H 1( follu- HI [ fallnwshyiil (lt1[101 illl (OlPlllgt

111111 I IItwdsIll rllt[d (llIIk 2l 1 -103DDT

10 I 2 21 0 25 62() J a 21 R 11 middot10 I la I 35 ~ JOO gt la2 2( l

BIII7(middotII(middot lllxllthlori( ~ 1 [(lwj[11I ~ lIL7 I () InO 22 I 833 7 In7 I(t 7 125 ()UT2iil x 17 middot1 253 50 bull DDT 10 I 20 a 20 3

JoxIlph(H( 20 I 10 I1I a 10 0 DifrPf(w( nmiddotqllinmiddot(1 for ~hliifi(un((

ItI 1-rWrl(l t 11 pi ~t f) S8

bull

bull

bull

r

KFFI~CT Oh SOIL TIH~ATlIENTS OX ronAeCO COTTON) COWPEAS 19

YhclC lYC Io]owtd (OWPtlIS in the Iotalioll PXPlIillltlll n) the seVercst injury O((IIlTPd in plo(~ tl(utt(I with I) POllIHh of LWl1zlne

bull

bull

bull

hlxfiehlodd(gt ill 10H olllr HIH1 willi () pOIIJHIgt of DDT anlluall) The yi(kls JrOf)l all tl(ntmtlll (lX(tpt lht middotJ()pollIHl closagl of nUT apshyplitd intl-IT ollly W(lP sipllifi(Hntly I(ss lwn tIl( 1IIItl(at(ltI (hcck

TIIP inPtiehlps WPIP iJll()Ipolatpl ill (il( -oil HI as to tlst in as ~hOlt u ppliod as possiblp dosags (olllpn Ialll to )psidllPS t ha t III ig-ht (gtYPIII 11 uII) builtl up ill PIH ie JloWl (1 it is dOl rn1 whpUHl (hI H((Ulllulntiolls tllnt wltlull1 I(slli floUl nOlllial applicalion of the illp(tici(1ps to foiiaw wOlllrllll (olllpalnlll to til( high (Josag-l llsll(1 l[Ol of Olll ins(gt(t I)(Slt HIt (OIlIIOllPlt1 hy folial appli(Htionllt oj inmiddot llaquo(tiPicp S(lllll of hillI is dOllhtlp In thlolluh lipan IHillS and wind lIHl til(IPloll 11((1 1)((0111( ilHolpolu(ldiJlIO II( -oil

Lk of faeilil iP1 ntHdp jt lI((l1ltHI~ to lilllit thl 111I1ll](I of Ippli(alp to foUl This b 1IllfOltllllatl a- (hp (XPlIiIllPllta1 PIIOI HS IIII P ~OIlH of till (lilfplPIl((gtlt althoug-h within till liuIis or lXIHIilllllltd (1101 WPlP so iall tllrtt (he (otlJ(l not 1)( iU-1l0Ipd and tiw wpre tllPlpfOlp (ollsirhI(ci ill tlip illplpl(tntioJl of Ihp l(sldlfl

Toxaphplp at til(middot Ia(p lI-pcl Wllt h- (oxi( to IIll (IOPS s(udipd than nDT or h(lIz(lll iHXl(hioliltil HowlnI til( WpOllllll d()sa~( IP wrttld for 1ypal hOWld (idpllep ol l)(Iin (Oxi( (0 plaa

It npl)(tt that til(gt (Ifllt of DIYI and bPIl7PIH lllxHchlolidl 011 the (IOps -tlldil(l W(1( (l(i[HIHj(ll( lIj)OIl n llUlllbpl of II(IIIIS iJl(iultiillu raiJifal1 lind olhl1 lt(11lt01111 lOllliitionllt thl cJop (II( -oil [YjlP the iJl~(((ilid( till d()~HUP thl 111111]11 01 palS thp illspdi(idl had 1gt((n ill I lip ltoiL alld 1 lit middotII()1 lOllioll 111( 1middot(t1t~ olJtaill(d dllring aJV OJ( (HI (1( dillPI(llt flOll1 tli)~l 101 -oOI1H ulll(i (HI and II ((Himiddot

(llIi1I1I 1m-d 011 1 01 WillS 1ltlIlts llIiiH Ill 11Ii-lladinu fhp (middotn((( of hPIIZPIH l1lXllcltloli(ip OJl (oha((o nlui (olhlll aJiprl

(olliltillu bl d lIri 1Ig Ih ~middotYln I plliod ~h(llp it n- 11 ppl ipltl nt 31 pOI1IHj~ Ind at ~U pOIIIHilt plllltJ pound- or DDf ppl JI(IP and tlip (Iop- W(IP pia 1I1tmiddot([ lthol( I t hlIla n(I Jo( It (IOPS WPIP PI( I) dUlllll((1 Til ltuiJ-((pHIH SPIlIlt hOWII till (oltOIl Wt not injulpd and lH(iI-P of (hI (ol1tlOl of ((lot kllOl IlPlllatodl aJld poltilJlr o(lill h111111111 -oil olwlllilll- till rhll of toJa((o ill lll as inmiddotIla~((1

11 doag(middot (if lWIIZ(IH h~xa(hlolid [(s[prJ gtnmiddot an IIIH1pirahlp (n(p (0 (ohmII) This wn lIot slllpli~illf ill yi( or J[)()Jls tliat i( (lu-pcI olr-lIaol in lt)(11 fowl (IOlb a Jl()(n(()(~ (1110(lt nnd (Ollmtoplt III otlHl studi 1) I Ill spniol alltlul hi (oo]l(Inli(11I with til( (olJl((()

illtlll~t IY folilgl appl1(u tioll- of (oxa plHlll a1-0 gilP nil IIIIII(-i Ilhll tastl 10 tltilJl(o Offmiddotfhlol r-gt II IIill froll (lIP 11-( ofill-((ti(iC(s way llt ((fwd) as tlIHipsilnhl( a- tll( lohity of tIl( 11IHIlIjnb 10 plU1ts

11 dosngls of 1(lIiPII( Ipxwhloljlh (UJ-(I] ~()Ill[ injun- to )( and oats nlthough injury fl(1JI1 thl Jiglltl1 (losiI(lt I~ not ~o ~iplt II~ [10111 ih( lwnj(ll (lmill~(s

Til (J1pml b(J)Z(ll( h(lxl1rhlolidl applnlN] to iJl(Ipaltp til( gTowth nlHI i(ld of r()w]lPlls fl(Hlch Jaij(d to lthow fill din(gtJPJlp~ III tlil JllIlIlh(IS of inR((tR ()l ofhpl )lPsts that (oult han H((Olmtpd 101 the difl)PIH(s ill lil( ~l()th and yipld of this (10]) OhsPIntloJ1 ()Il tohn((() show((1 that (hl il1pdi(iti( ((mIJOlhd til( Ioot kllot 1111111(0lt1(

rr

20 lEGHNfCAr B(TI~tETIX 1017bull 1- g DEPT OF MmrCtLlURE

11owenJ tlH YllJi(t- of (O]gt(as ~J(ln BJnhhnlll is pllltially resistshyant to ntis 11(gtlIlltolt1e llnd itis (loubtful whether its (ontTol eould acshycount Jot the ineJlased yi(middotlds

DDT eli d 1I0t SPtlll to inj u1( (ot( on H did not ea 115( SO Jl1 le11 c1amugl to toba((o liS dhl 1)(11(11( lltXtl(h loli(e The lOll-pound ((osage appl i(d ollly ill H)middott7 (a listll (h IOli Ill sylll ptOJllS i n t11(~ ioha((o plants in llJT early in tlwir gJowth hilt 111( plallt olltgJ( thelll Ill( dry wrHtll(J und thr faet that I Ill tohHtO was plalliNl soon dtlJ thl inselttieidps (J( appliNI may han hllped (III1Sl Ih(s( SYlIlptOIlIS Ih(J( WtlS SOli 1(gt (itlPIIll 1gtu I 110 dltfi II i Ie PIOO f t lIa t (h is dOSHil ilIj I Ied the lobuclo plans in lJjmiddotD NOl1l of till othlr dosages aHdrt lIP tobH((O

Fllt iIWmiddot(s 110 clalllngl to (o(I(a5 hy DDT was a ppa I(IIL (Ylll hy tlll j()()-polllld dosHg( but hy lHD all (]osagls (x((pt till W-polllld tlosa~p (t (flllHing SOlll( (lIlJllng( Th( injllJ) WlIS 1110-1 S(plC h(I( l1H lIHl-pound llosagp was appliNl in InImiddotT onl 1111(1 WhlI( thc ~lshypOllnd ltIo~agl a1gt 11IwatNl nllnudl~ Thl H)-polllld dosag( (alls((] hss illjUI than an of till olltCl DDT tlpatllHllts inlludillg tlH apshypli(atioll of 1(J pounds of nDT onI a pplio( of lHIS

11 dosaWs of DDT injllJp(l l)P nnd oat~ till 1( Iwing tltp 1l1Oll illS((pt i1) 1(

A I1UlIlhpl or ill(stiiutolS 1iI( dllllolIall(] that IH-a dosa4ls of DDT Ot hCIlllll hCXttltllIolitlp ilHOIpoIalpd in till ~()il ~i11 IWJll (PIfain (lOps IIp dosagps how(I alp not lilwlv to Ill IlSld UIlshy~BR nil p(s is H) illipOIIllil (ollollliltally thaI its sj)J(at (nllllO b( ]JPIllliited SIHIt H (as( is lx((ptiollHI and ~ltollid llot h( rOJlfusClt1 with OldillHI plant-pCst (Ol 101 ]llohllnls FlIltlllIIlIOIP otlllI IIglishy(ultulnl (IIIlidenls -lw1l as fll(ili(Is and lillH will also (au~( plant jlljUJ) if 11-(11 ill (X(psil dong(middots

~(IT snlllll doails of SOllll of 111( IllW olgturil inspl kid(middot- alt lflpdip against n llllllllwl of ills(( Plss )[()IlOPI S(Hlll pidplI((

liS olllaillPd ill this illYPstiintioll titnt bllI(ll Iwsa(ltlolitll lllll Ill hpl1Pfieial to plallt glowth alld (TOP ~illd or (OPlHS TItplpjOI( whpIl light doag(middot of tltl Jl( il1pdi(illp haY( h(pll fOllnd to h( lIIp((irp ill (oltl()llill~ a Illst without (tUlil1g a IHt1tlt IlHtI(] and tlllI( it IlO pid(IHP that tlw will (IIS( iPIjolt plant illjuJY (h(jJ IIS PlIlI- jll~t ilild TIJ(r sholll1 not 1)( (Olldllllll(d 1lHIply hlflllN h(a (Iosagls ill (ltc soil (HII~l (JIIl( ltHlltlgP to ((ItHill (II)PS

ExplJinHIlI- (1( II(gUIl Ht FIOIIJll S C ill tltt prillg or IJmiddotIT to S[lId~ Ilw (11((1 or oil HpplicHtiol1s of 1(lIzI( hpxt(hIOlidl D[)T II lid t oxapItPlJp 011 fi ( (IO]S g1O1l ill 1-( I 101 aioll Tlllia Ill( -oil tllltlll(middotltt (11 t((td ill thl(( (XIJ(Iilll(llts Iall xlHIilll(llt WHss(ttlllmiddotd with1 dillPIPIl( (IOp hut tltp-tllll olh((sioll s foll()((i Tolia((() was followltll by a Hlixtllll or oat Hilt lIst Iiall illtlI Iwas (OP(llS 11](gt S((OIHI splillgI(middot (Itt SlOlld Idl (ot(OIl (Ill thitll pJilli and Jrp (II( thild fall Lilwis( I( aftpl (oltOll was 101shym(middotd h to1gtI((O Til (lti- lIlalllI tp-t WplP 111t(h Oil nil till (IOPS (11lt11 YPH I

1)1)1 was upplil(l al 10 lIlld ~() pOI1It(I 1gt(1 n(l( lteh spling lIm1 at 40 and IO() potlllltls ill IlmiddotIT only CottOll did lIot S(PIll to 1)( ntll(tld by lIt DDT (J(alJlI(lltS Th( onl IINlillllllt that sP(lllld to aflltt

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOlL TREATMENTfi ON TOBACCO COfTON COWPEAS 21

tobacco waS the lOO-pound dosage that was applied in 10-17 only This dosage appeared to cause some chlorine injury chalacterized by glossy brittle haves in 1047 tmd to affect the yield and IHlLning qualIty in 1940 11 except the 40-poul1d dosagl~ of DDT afleded COWplUS to some extent but the(gt efl(gt((s were 110t apparent until l)1H Tl~ 100shypound (io3uge signifilantly redmNl the yield of cowpeaR in the hull in 11148 and 1((111(elt1 the stand of plant ill HHx and 10JH The wshypound dosnge did not significlntly aflPlmiddott the (owJ)eHS in any yeaI but the yield of hay and llPUR in till hllli wa les than thnt flolll the untreated cheek in H)Js ThlN annual applications of 10 Ot 20 pOUlHls PPl ael( redu(pltl tb stand and glowl of till cowpea plants The JO(J-poull(l dOSHgP 5((I1I(gt( to letlt(l the gl(Jlh of oats and Austrian winter peas Hy(l wn ulteeptihlp to injury by DDT and lwn [t total of nil POllIHl applied OWl a pEd()(l of WillS r(dll(~d ~()wth under ol11e (onditioll bull Toxa phel1e at ~II ]lOlllH P(l l1)e anllUH 1Ir wa- hs~ i njlIliotl than DDT at the same dosae

Tlclmiltal hlIlZ(llP lilxadlloli(hmiddot (ol1tnlning 1~ ]lpnlIH of gamma hont(] wn~ nppli(d HIUll1fllly llt 117 IHHul(b (gt(1 1I1lP amI at l~i Jl()ull(l~ with ~) ]gtOllIlIb of DDT III llJT IgtPIIZtIll hlXiHhlolidp wn pplipd HI-o ttt l~ pound pel 1llI( IUl(1 at -l POllll(l with l1 V()l1J1(l~ of DDT _11 thesl tl(atlllll1tmiddot aflp(middotttt tlU lIayoL or t Itt tobn(((j in 1HT the (Jill WitI in hhmiddotl ml (pt-- tl( IIlIHlp TIll )11- lind t~middot J)(Jllllll doaglmiddot p(hap(l tIll 1Uld of a Oot kLlOt-Ip-itnnt vnlilty of toiHU(O ill 1)middot~7 wl(p tlw plallt- W(I( trnn--planlld -hortly artpI tlt( ius((tilidp ltntllllllI appliP(1 In WmiddotI tlllimiddotI1 nIl (lolgl gan ~ml( lolltlOl of tIll loot kllot lltlIHlIOdl all ill llmiddotUJ a -lilttlv hidIP1 Yitll Wl ol)(uilHd frotH till plot~ thnt ha(lllmiddot((inmiddot(l Ill( 1IIIIlHmiddotit~t Io~np~ ill W+7 III 1lt7 all dOlIp 1(gt1111((1 1111 -tall of (oltoll lwo it WshyplatltPl -hott tftp thljlll(ti(id( hnd lapll npplitd hut ill l1b-(shymiddotJlllllt vIIIIS 1WIlt or til(gt 111111111(111 IUUIlIlII til( lottOll Ill bllIztJlP

lHXtHhlolid( ]i(luO( -P(1ll til illjUlP lW ~(J lItlwlt n (lid DIgtT lUlIl fol sOliii I1llkuO1 l(a oll it appptllcl toimllu-1 tlll itld or lwa- in thl hull BPllZIIH ltlxl(hloIi(l likl DDT llil lwr iidull tn [ol1owiH (orton a nuwh a it (litl IYI followillg (middotOWp(middott Thl Hnmiddottmiddott tong( of l(l1ZIIH 1IIxllltloli(lt illqmlllll l IPlh1ih oiur til ln awl otlt plllIlh ([w-inll lutill Ih 1Jmiddotmiddotf1 -(laoH

UTER TlHF CITED

dl (eOIm n l I Uf 1 It II 11 r E ImRl r n nmiddotJt WIL awl Hu~ 1

11U fnf( r of Imiddot 1 ( II ~IltfI r llH TncTll ClI n If I UIT 1lI TYlf - ( 1 Ex -11 1111 HIt II Ii iilu

121 (mnnll bull 11 II amI InlItl-o I 1 1Jo flH Iln WIHf 11 I 11 rMfiF suIL I l f II tltf TbullbullItl

(011 Ent Ja 1-1 til (~ 1 FInnbullbull YUTtJI J

Hill un( r 00 Il S OF (JIITlft IUl to -011 FIJI IIlE ntsmll UO ltIF TAr~bf nFtfU 111- (~ Bur gil HUli Phwt (11111 I~ j~j (IIIJl poundr)(ImiddotI1

laquo FIlFnR ARTnra ( Ill SllMfTLAT t~PWil fII nJn- I-gt-J( lit JOh 1 Hlt S(lll ~

Ilfptbullbull1 (il SO middot11 ppbull mus ~tl IAIIU - )h Inmn bullbull1 Ibull11bull BIIWIT T )I unl Ii) E Cl

In~O uou m (fUIlfU IS -TtIITlIl JIiR()Wllllltmiddot tIlE rml(11) lLTs SII ITS trncr ox TIn fJr 1 TlY OF flr (ntHI U ~ 1 IJII f bull A~l HPF 40 fl2imiddot (W mus

22 TECIINICALBULLETIN 1017 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(O) GItWSON T ~r nnd PoosF W 10middot1i SOI]TIIImN CORN 1t00rWOnr IS A i~Sl or lNurs OUI ECOll J~It

10 251-256 1llus (7) GmENWOOll DOUGLAS E

1H7 lIeNlmNE ImxACIHoltlUE ANIl wHumouM COXLlIOL 1otH t1c-OIl EJllt 40 724-727

(S) rONES L W llliO 1m INIlIlmlgt )OX1( Jt) SOli HIO()Il()IR~IR FulII 1111(1 llollll bull

Sei(gtllCl Utnll AgT ExpL Stu 11 W) JR--9 illl1S (0) I_AX) l( ( HTON~ ~1 V LAN(msIlm 111 1 0 IS I W 1111lt1

OllISON KJiJ 1048 srullms W1IIl 1I1lI AS A (ONI1I01 F()11 Wll1mOUlS IN lIt1tlGNfeu

lNllS- ljlO(lIl~SS IIEIOUI r~ [111 1~1lt 11111 1111 Qlllll Bshy765 D PI bullbull [PrO(CSSNl)

(10) UOltllIf H E 1111(1 DwrxGII n H 102 I1IJtIIY1O GllOlN(I (1101S (middotHREII II) lHI- IIHIIION 01 lIR~NI(middotI

(OIOIIR 10 rrm SOlI 0111 ltt illS mmiddot7k illlts (ll) Moltltso1l II 11 lWIU II B (IW~Il ~ I~ 11bull and Lllll~lnAl~gtll

lIS TIH IWImiddotmiddot(rs 01- (Itr1I1I IIW SelIL ISI(II(WJS 00 PIAmiddotrs Tour HIOIl Ent 11 171-mi

(12) OKAoI~ W lt lli-l7 UIs wITH ZEI~ InXA(IUOltlllt 10111 B(IIn Elli middot10 lmiddotmiddot

lH (J) PlgtPH nfl~middot B YIIRON (I~HTON A lind C~fIlImI bullbull OIlX (

11)17 IItN7IX~~ lJISACIIIOltllll) AXil OlHEH (O~I~ll1IflS FOlt (oorItOI cW WI1t~ WOrt~li 111SII0 10ll(lR 10UI l~~((Jtl BilL 10 77 70

1]4) KIITII 1N1II n 11lII I-ZIIbullbull ~Lltll Fl l1H7 SOlI lWU(lOIWNlSltS AllH wnXnll It SOlII- 01 lll~ NI~W lIHXIIshy

(JI)~il Soil Hel Hut Anur lrm 12 27 middotaa IlllIs (15) SNYlJ~~ltT (

lIla (1101S IU1IIIU IX It(IEII Oil II 111111-1 1I~h Rill (p 11ol ~O( lro( n ~ 4amp0-1

(Hi) 81JTI ToYl) L nnd ]~ANROX Jums 10middot10 PlInorOSHiTY 1I1l OFINtIIlrY Of- nmlIIIR Ortoo IX sou

Illt-Nr~1l I]-U J1ISE(middotrI(middotUl~S rOllt 1~(middot(Il( ]0)11( j (]4 --Gl7 Ii I middotNm(WWmiddotl~~ ( 1I0RNEll G M lUHI KtT()X ( II

lOan r1l1ltoJ)t(Tn~oEsS 01 CElIllN OtWIllW SOli AS mIIn1l 10 lgAIl I11SENITt SItY ((e~ltIAt101IS ioil S(middotI oJ 2(1~-2J1 ill liS bull

(18) WlrrrA~1 S K 1 1fJR s~rtNIlJI IN sons r H )tpt gr Y(IIIl)Wk was SiOmiddotSH

nil) WnsoNr K bullbull nud CUOCDlIllT 11 S HHG ~~FOS ()~ Illrr ON C~~IllAIN )(J(IlOlltOIOOI(AL l1l0(ISS~S JX Tit I SOlf

0111 Bcon Eltt 30 GJ7-5aH (20) ----- Ilnd (HOtUHlII H R

1DM nm tFPIWI (W mOZNI H~XA(HL_OltTJr ON SOli OUGAXI$lS lOllI Agr H(s 77 2-r-~2

(21) WIISOX Lom n 10at EVPt(TS OF (lllOltISe J1110~[In 1111 )leOUINg 011 THt~ TOIAceo lL11T bull

bull 1our gl HiS 4( R80-SUO IIus (22) Youxo H e 11Illtl (lIM 1 B

lOmiddottS sonrltlAt~nTS wnn H1Jrro (O1TuOr lin WIttI~IlINmn I~r~nI T K Hul I~nt ntHl Plant QUill )middotiiO S IP [I)nHl~s(d1

bull oorsall hy tlw ~lIperlutcnlf(flt of ()(lilIl1wutS t flOIerJuiirlt Prlntlll OJll(~

Wt~hrlltton 2~ 1)0 bull Irk~15 (~nts

9 ~FFECr OF SOILlHEAllrENlS OX TOBACCO CQTlONJ COWPEAS

It glossy appellllll(( and thicker htittle Ilaye~ No leaching rains fell dluing the 1047 grOWhlg seaSOJl

The two henzem hexllehloriclc treatments tltat lelt1I1((gt(l the stand

bull and stunted many llnnt siglli(j(Hntly c1l(IeHsN1 the yield ancJineoltle of the tobaClO as eomJ)lIled with tlte cheek The other beatments had no appIeeiable efled on the yield Ill( tolJa(o produced on the plots that had bcen tleated with 1gtenZel)(1 hexHehlorid( lJl1ll1l(l moll slowly than that frolll the untlpaled t11PCk pIotR Tlte tlentlllll1S did nol ~ignHi(antlr a 11((1 the (hlolinc )l1h~nt of the (lllNl hai n11 hongll tlwlP was a tll1tleney fOl tlw highlsl eltloline tonlent to be in till iobac(o 110111 th( plots 1l((ling the two ll(gtlVil~t dosages of bel1zllll ll(xnehlolide

The nematode populnfioll on the loots oJ the plants at ma[ulity wa~ -tudied but t11(le was no nppnwnt dUJellJ1(e in nIl (lisea-e lJ(t W(gt(11 illntmenis

rasl e (lltpIll1i nations 111Ollt1 thaI Ill( lwa i(t ltlOSlP 0 r DDT j IllshylallN1 a slightly sPltjslt flaOl to th(lobll((o wltplpasali (1(all1l(lIt- il~l 1gtPIIZ(I1( lllxnthlolidl il11pnlllltl nn paltll tns[( tllHt was 1111shyl1(SIllI1gt1(

Rlllokil1 and 0(101 dti(I1l1iwtliol1- UHYpound i1lOIl-istpll lp~ults so (hal It was wi jlolsiblp (0 -n middothal Irpafillpnts if lny WP)P lU1IlIing- the iohaclo

RE~n- IX 1J+~

bull Tlluspla nt i Ilg (olHIit iOlls i It 1011 PIP PI J1LOIabll III( stald

and glowth of lht plnllb l)( faid unifollll lIpight IIlpn-IlIlnllllls and yields tnhll ) shO(t no sigllilkHllt dil1I(l1llS hp(wlln h(umiddot IllP 11 ts Tn g(l1lIul tll( yiphl of 111((1 (o)a((o was good lxtpp( 110111

tlH plots thnt hnltllllpipltl lll H-pOlllld dosl( 0 hlllz(l)l hlxathloshyIi(l( ill I nmiddoti TIl( illlOIlI( flOI1l till plots t IPlIll(I at illi- Iosal 10shy

o-il1ilitantl JOWll than 110111 plot- I(l(lillg nil otlllI tlPHtllltJlt TI1l nthI 1I(11111(I1[S llilllllO nppl(inhl( pflpd on lit yipld 01 -al(- ytdupound

Tit sludips Illntil 011 Ioo knot l1(l1latodl population Oil thl plallts at Illtlllit shOld that ])(IlZtlIl hlxlllhlolidp gun S(Jllll (ontIol WhlIPY(I IHiPd Billll (sts hO(([ tlw( till ioilu(o obtnilwd 110111 till plot- tlpnllltl with too ]gtOUIHl- or ])[)T hllI(lt fatpl thlll In of til(gt ot1 I1I toha((o Till IhlolillP (Olltll1tmiddot n- sOllwllHtloPI thln ill IHi nppHI(lItly owing-to glPlItlI llIinfall - ill Wli thl)( al-gt 110 siuilicanl ltI i 11(1(111(( ill (hIOlIIl( (ontllll ])(1((11 illl (1(n(lI](n(- Th(II( WaSl tPllltillllY hoPYll fOl tIll (o1gta((o 10 lllle 11101( lthIOlilll ill it nftpI tlll ll-( oi henzllll 1t(lxHlhloli(h and lps after DDT

Th( tobal(o wn- glnlild ill tllt pa(khOlISl by (l()t11l1l1(1l1 1I[HhIS Ill(gt -la()llul llnIflg-l PIiepound rOl enlh glnltll as f1H1I lIsed 10 (ulcltlntl (1)( ill(OIl 1( IDI ln(ll fi(ld plot Y1l(11 Il1(s( 1 luts (11(1 (Olll pn IP([ i til lIP lIe(uul (middotlJillg Pliel of the tobm(o till (olIplntio)) (llPflkientwIs found [OIH lInOIlI hi(h i- highl igllifi(tnl allinllilalioll Ihnt Illl l YO IllP[hocis ml (-s(l1(illl Ill( 111( IPSIlItbull HI~sllr I 1C)Ilt)

YlfltlH1 ltollltlitiol1s PIP lost Jtolablp 101 tolm((o IIallSpluns in HHll lind till stlllld of planll-l nn(l theil height W(I( not flfl(((Nl hy ~hctrentments (tuhle3)

r t

10 TECJIICAL Bt~UJETIN 101 i J l DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

The differences in the yield 1Il1 income resulting Trom the various treatments WllC not sig-nifjeflll( In general the highest yield and ine01l1c wtrc lcclivNl from til( plots where bCn~clle lwxlehlOlide (treatment Sos () 8 nndl) had Iltell applied allcllhe lowps whlll~ 100 pounds of nDT lind been applied in U)J7 All the blnzene hexashy(h101ide t Iea lllllnls gaC lloliCPH hIe control of the root knot nematode bull nnd this COlltlOJ pidtnt1y nfrN~tp(l th(~ yields HUln test 1(sults were ]]O so (ollsilpllt as in lJmiddot~~L nl tobacco ItOm soilleceiing the 100shypound dosage of DDT temkd to burn faster than tltat frOI1l soi I reshyceiving any other ttlatment but the DDT did ]lot seem to he entirelr lCspomlible lillc(l the slomsf burn was obtained flol11 the tobac((J glOVll wherc til( IO-pound dosage of DDT had been r(]1Nlted al1l1lutlly Chcllliltoftl llnnlyses fol rhloline show(d thaI (h(I( wa no sig-nifi(allt

Ii diifellIHp helw((1) 1l(gt[ltlll(nls aHhollgh llt(l( waH a 1(]1(1(])() as in ]lI(violiS -pals ror the tolmC(o f101Il til( b(I1~Cn( It(xaehloJilti1 plot to ha ( 11101( lhlolinn Hnd fot thllt from Ill( nDT plots to Ita l lpss ehlOli 11(1 than the untlented tobacco

COWPEAS

PROCEDURr~

The BIahhnlll YariPt) of (OWp(as was plan(Nllaelt )(lll Thllwas W(I( plnlltpd ill IOS flP( npul I() rows to ln(]1 filld plot Tlw W(IP 1)I1nl((] on Tl1I1P IT in HIImiddotT III1(]( in JlmiddotIH lind Junc 22 in 1H~)

V]](1l the plants 1)1( lip (Ollllls W(IP nlnlt1( nl fllqllllltin(enals (0 dNlIlllin( tIll (f)pd of lltt ttpnlllHJlIs Oil p]nll( HIIIial and gl()tI bull ~S the CllH)n adIlIH((llbl Jlpigltt of Ill( planls as JlINlsllIed (0 dlshyl(Imill( til( lfJp(( oj tlt( diIrltIl[ (IPrLIIlHl1ls Oil plan D(lllt

TJl rip1l of lIa wus dpIP1IlIiIH( II (lUhw and pinhin- all I ht dJlPH 1111 1lt(lS Ill()(II(((1 011 fOUl w-r)ot (Iil~ illlilally I()(~((t Ol H 11 plots

Tll(gt y(1](l of 1Ils ill tIH hull was l(lpl1I1ilHd hy (al(llIlllt picking and lihing nll thp IHt~ thnt IPllIHil1pd 011 Ilw plnls nrlpl Ill( lwa rim lIny ~lIIl]lI(s hncl ](111 fakpll

~l1I1II)Hln of lIP datil oltaillPd fIolll tllPs( Ihlp( (p-t- is inlI in talJh I

I Est ITS 1 H III nIl til HIII-pollnd ltJosng of DDT lpdl1(((1 111( Htllld Olll(shy

hut nltJlOlIgh lilt Ialld wn- 1101 ignj(j(ll1llly nmllpl thall thai 011

Ih( (b((k JlI()(~ 11]( plot- tlpnlpd with ~ll POt11lll of 1)(lIIZ(lll htXIshy(hllt)Iicl IJIHtHld 1 -ignili(tllfir glpat(I 1I1111lilPI of plall(s (hall til( (1)((1 p10( Dllling II( PHY pat of tlip glOing IJ(Iiolt Iltt lIH) llOlllHlllItP of I)J)T IP(nl(ltd p1anl Iolh Hnd tlH ili IH1llIHlsof )(11shyZCllP 11lxlIhlolidp ~(illlltln(lcl if bull

TltllP n- 110 -iglliliHllt dillpJ(IllP ilpl (111 (lip 1 Iious Inall1lenlf ill I t( ltjll1niily or IHH i IP hay plodll[p(l Thl I 0 hidllsl dosngp of hPIlZtlll HXllhlolillll gap siglli(j(middottllfly 11101( jllas hnn nn) olhI j I(IIIHII( (X((pl Ill( 1011poIllH1Inlp of nDT

lJiatlllJ middot11- l

EFFECT OF SOIL TREATMENTS ON fOBACCO) COTTON) COWPEAS 11

TAIILE 4-1olcrance of COHpe(ts in 1ltllD48 an(l1Q49 to inseotioides applied to the soil in the 8p)ing of 1941

Trentmiddot i fltand of Insecticide aud dosage (pounds mont plantsper acre) COWPCIlRbull

No per acre in the hull

~ __I ____

1)47-Experilliellt C h~~C8 Pglll1r1s POllnl~1

Untreated eheck bullbull __ uJ GIn 700 1)22 DDT

10_ 2 I (iG313 20 5 I 15240 middotI-In 20 bull _bullbull __ bullbull 3 I 70OSR 22 5 1Ii 880 400 40 __ middot1 i 02 Oilmiddot n 2 I 17 l0(j 53( 100 ____ bull -_ bull 5 53313 Ill 1 15OG5 nil

Brllzeilc hcxachlorid( laquo((chilimiddot cal)

Hi7 __ bull Ii i 71531 2middot1 I 17515 i i3S 833_ bull 7 73503 2middot1 G 1(i8S0 1)71 125 + DDT 25 S I li5 sla 22 n j(i ll07 (j52 50 + DDT 10 bullbull 1 71188 2middot1 (l 177S7 1middot12

TuxaphfIll 20 10 on ISS 21 S 10 SSO middot120 Dilfrrenc( r(cillirrd for sil-shy

nificancl at 5-pcl(PIII1((1 _ _ bullbull 10281 gt_ D- 2middot1(j

1)jS~-ExplIitnpnl rntrPlLtNl elHck _ 315)middot1 l 2 8 SImiddotI 12S D TYl

bull 10 ~ __ bull 2 3(1175 10 55 1000 02 bull _ 3 alll(jl llS8 OSO 40 bull middot1 3871l H531 7sa 100 t) 22 1HH fit ailmiddot1 ill I

BPIl7(IH lwxuchlnlicll llchllimiddot (all

lti7 2 (j l-IIHi) 1l 1 S lS1 1 Oil S33 7 aRt ORR 10 I 10 SIO 1131 125+ DDT 25 2 x aliliit) s~ () S Ins l71 50tmiddot DDT 10 II Ia S7ii 11 a 10 alii 057

TUXllph(IH 20 - 1012 )(jI) l il IO70l 1000 DitT(rpm rpquirNI for -il-shy

nifictlll(r al 1-pPI(pnt Ip(1 27)

lHl-middotI-llfrillwllt B lnirPlltlr1 clwck ll 21) 102 21 Hi2 DDT

10 l 2 7)3middot11 70 IllS7- 2Hi 20 I 3 )7 125 n middot1 IS 832 282 10 bullbull middot1 01500 105 21 middot112 232 100 bull bull 5S031 Ii (j 1551S 282

BllIzenl hexu(11ori(( (C(llnishy(all

(j 9-shy

bull I bull I l 100 middotIax n Ii _I) S33 __ _ bull 7 l1250 n l 201 125- DDT 25~ S 1003i5 8 2middot1 Ii 50 + DDT 10 bullbull I sa65G X7 2middot11

Toxnp1enp 20 2 _ 10 75 nOG 1 il 188 Difference reqllir(d f(H i~bull

nificmlcc ILt 5-1)(f((J t l(vll 18bull100 2 I

I Xot 1i~nificllnL n~corrlilll-( to the P lest Z Repeated alJlJIlItlly before the pritlg (rop Wit planted

12 TECHXlCAL nlLLETJN 1Omiddotl i l S DEPj OF AGH1CULlTRI~

In PltS (he h~njesl c1mmgl of ])DT (allHld HOlll( plallt (lalllagp cady lJl Ow glOlllg S(ltson 110((1]10 attlllIpt IIHS lliade to study the YHliationin tIll Hlalld ul1til thp plallts (gtIl lolllpalathply lalgl bull A count mad Oil ]llly 2) hoyltd I hat tll(middot j()()-pOlI11d (Iosag of DDT ltad L(ducNl thc slnlHl (ol1silti(lIahly (fig 1 lJJ

bull

bull IrnUiil~ l-RlIltl nml fp(lh lit (OIJ)(IlIs I On 1111 llltlputld plot n lIll II

VIol that lInd Iccllp(l DD1 [I(a [Illlut No ii

f

bull

bull

bull

BltFBCl OF SOIL lItEATMgNlS ON lOBACCO J COl1ONJ COWPEAS 13

The stand of plants on a typieal 1I11tlCatelti check plot is hown in figure 1 ct The height of tltf1 plnnts measllred on the same date showed thal this henvy dosage of DIYI was retarding plant glowth (lable ~~)

Tlule was no significant difference bebrNB YllriOI1S treatments for the yieW of ]1IIY although the plots i1mt Je((~i(~ll the ]Itltviesi dosage of DDT yieldecl considerably less thnn Illly othel plots The highest YJelcl of pens was from plots lccliving the ABa-1)Olllld dosnge of benshyene hexllchlolidp and tllis yield was significantly gr(gtntel than that fo( pithe) of tllp holHHilst c1Ofmg(s n DDT

RESULTS I 1949

In lVclV many plants diNl Oil nil tLlnt(d plots as tlw SlIlS0It 110-gTPSS((l By Tuly 2V the 20-pollnd llosag(1 01 DDT lppeatNt arlllunlly and the lOO-pound dosagl appl itd on I j 11 1)47 had signi ficllIltly lpdu((gtcl the stand (tahle ~~) I-hgtight 1lHIISlIl(nHgtnb s11oplt1 Ihat (h(se DDT tl(gtatllllllts had sllI11 tNl t11(gt plants

D(gtspilt fht diilelento nolNl in th( stand and g]owlll of Ille pells I(cliving Ihe ll1iolls [Iealll1(n(s 111(((gt WtlH no signifhnt diffcleur( iII the yield ot hny 01 pttH ill Ule ]I lIll Th is nppnlPllt diil(le1l((gt brtlll(gt11 (naIl1(lIts hiell could 1101 be jllOVgt(1 snlistkally mw hnw resulted flol11 too fplI llPIICutpS 1)(gt1 trCa[lIlent

COTTON

PHOCI~D1JHg

In 1()17 CoktLs Yilt Jon variCty of (OltOIl WlIS planted Oil May Dj ill H)middotJ8 and 1Mn SPlllnml 5~2 was plallted Oil pliI 27 and 10 leshyspcdiYll YlleJ1 Ih(gt plantH 1(1(gt lip to It good stuld oiJsPIntiolls WPI( mnch at llNlupnt iI(gtIllIs to ltlltplll1illl till lnpl of III( 11(gt(1shyJlllllts on plan 811Iin] lIlld lowth

Ill(gt -nnd was ((t(Inlinell by (ollntinp tlH plants 011 II piYl1l lpllpth () l IOW Pll plol ((tell spaSOll

Th(gt boll pe11 illf(satioll lUS aSlPItainlltllJy pxnmining lOll sqllallS IHL plot a[ aPP1oxilllalllr 2-llk intpluhi [hlOllgllollt he lHSOll ObS(gtIVlltiollH (gtIe lIladp (H(ll S(asoll on yaliollH ot11tI (ottOIl illHPds that llligh 111( aninfluPIl(e on the I(stllui ohtailled

Growth studil were made by 1l11astlling tlllt heigllt of tllt plnntf bllt IheH( l(gt(ol(lH arc omitted as tlHl( w(re 10 (Ol1sisCllt tlifflIelw(s Hssoeinte( ith the soil I((atlmnts Howevpl there wap l t(ndency ill tD47 for the pltllfg tf) grow highlIin plots whplp the stllnd had been S((1(ly l((hl~pd hy til(gt oj I t Ipat 111(11 ti

CottOJl yields (1( [nlll1 hut 11HY el(in low owing to boll w(eyil da mape alid soi 1l(()l1sist(n t tba t 11HY (gt1( inaliNIlUl te for eld uati np tl1( trtflil1leIltH III tIl(gt UlltlPlltld ploti tIl nlit(l JlOlIl )00 pouncls of Heed (otton ill HlJH [0 -)() pOllnds in 1nmiddot~l Ills(I(titi(ips (1( not tlpplie(] to (11( (oHOII foliage 101 boll (l~il (0111101 Ipst I1Il expcrishy1II1ntnl tl(llhllll1tS bp upset

The ef)eel of the soil hentlll(nti on th( slallds of plallts fot tll( I hrle (gta 1S iH shown in blb1e tgt

r l~ ~ECHNICAL BULLETIN 1047 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

~ l TABLE 5-10ZeJa110e 0 rotton to insecticide8 alJpliecl vo the soil in

the spring of 1[)17 as tndicated by the number 0 7)lants in 218 feetI 010W _----

Insecticides and dosage Treabncnt 1047 1048 1919(pounds pel acre) No bull Untreated chec____ __ _ 6lt10 1065 323 DDT

10 1 2 553 820 280 __ -------__----------- shy20 1__________ __ __ -- ----- 3 650 997 23740 _____________________ 4 594 ]020 305100 ________________________ (j 632 1 057 256

Benzene hexach loridt (technishycal) 167 1_______ bull _______________ 6 610 I 082 308833________________________ 7 98 117H 318

125 + DDT 25 1___________ 8 550 1 OlD 276 50 + DDT 10 _______________ g 4(j) 1030 304

Toxaphene 20 1___________ _____ ]0 i31O 1 D5ll 247 Difference required for signif- I

icance at 5-porcent leveL __ 1_ - ----- - -I I 71 (2) (2) I

I Repeated annually before planting 2 Not significant according to the ]i test

RESULTS IN 1947

In 1947 tIle seed was planted 1 (by after insecticide applications were made It germinated well and at first the plant stand was unishyforl11 In the plols treated with 833 pOLll1Cls of benzene hexachloride llOwever R5 perctl1t oJ the young plants eliell 111ere also were reshy bulldndions in the staml for two other benzene lllxachlolitle tlcatments lind for the lowlst dosage of DDT (tnble 0)

The plants that sUlTivec1 did not seem to be affected by the treatshyments Even so smvjyolS of the 838-pound dosage of benzene hexashychloride (treatment No7) averaged 30 inclles in height Oil Jllly in whereas the plants for the other treatments ranged from ~H to 26 inches This diffelcnce in growth was probably due to less competishytion where there WCle fewer plants The yields varied from 112 pounds of seed cotton pel acre for the No7 treatment with benzene hexachloride to 500 pounds for the No8 treatment An the yields were reduced by boll weevil damage Although the yield differences were within the limits of experimental errol there was t tendency for lower yields where there was a poor stand of plants

HESULTS IN 1948

In 1948 the weather vas favorable fol seed germillatioll the st~lIHl of cotton plants was good and thcle a~ 110 evidltllce of damage from bull any of the treatments The height of plants on July H Yflied between 23 and 27 inches The yields varied between 462 and 562 pounds of seecl cotton pel aCre Neither the plant l)cight nol the yield seemed to be associated with the treatment

IF

EFFECT OF SOIL TREAfMEoNfS ON TOBACCO CO~rTONJ COWPJlAS 15

RESULTS IN 1949

In 1949 there was a poor stand of cotton owing to adverse weather

bull However the stand was fairly uniform and there was no evidence of any dunage from the insecticide treatments The height of the plants on July V was uniform-ootween Hi and 18 inches Ul1favorable weather throughout the gLowing season and damage by the boll weevil resulted in extremely low ywlds--50 to 88 pounds of seed cotton per acre

WINTER COVER CROPS

PROCEDURE

Rye [Uldlt mixture of oats and Austrian winter peas were grown as cover crops each year The Abruzzi vIlriety of rye Cokers Victor Grain oats and Dixie Vondel Austrian winter peas were used rhe rye was planted as a sepamte crop whereas the oats and winter peas were mixed before being plantecl These crops were planted by means of a grain chill

RESULTS IN 1948

bull

Owing to an ullusual1y rainy fall in 1047 it waS not possible to plant the cover crops until December For this reason the growth was poor and no effort was made to obtain samples However by 11arch 1948 the rye and oats had been damaged by the two heavy dosages of benzene hexachloride and the 100-pound dosage of DDT The stand of the Austrian winter peas was poor and it was not possible to make a reliable estimate of the effect of the insecticides on these plants

RESULTS IN ] 949

The 194D crops were planted on Novcmber 12 1D48 [lnd sampled for comparative yields on the following March 11 The stand of Austrian winter peas waS poor cOllsequently it was not possible to make separate estimatcs or to take separate samples of this crop However for comparatiyc yiplcls oJ each of the three experiments five similarly located samples of foliage were taken from each plot Each sample consisted of the foliage irom 8 feet of row

bull

Table ( shows tllat the insecticides ewsccl more injury to the rye than to the oats and Austlitlll wintel pens and that the effect on the rye was quite differcnt after eaeh crop T~le severest injury occurred where rye foHowed tobacco ancl cowpeas ll1 the rotation and where the soil type witS of It Bght sand 1he cowpeas were removed fIom the plots before the rye was planted (experiment A) and this reducshytion in organic matter may have influcnced the results HOwever subsequent York has indicated that the soU type was also an imporshytant factor Where rye followed cotton in the rotation and the cotton was plowed under before the Covel crop was planted (experi-middot ment C) the damage ras much less noticeable 11Owever the soil where this experiment was located is heavier than that where experishyment A was located In the experiment where the severest injl1ly occurred (experiment A) the three hewiest dosages of DDT md the heaviest dosage of benzene hexachloride injured the plnnts

16 ~ECHNrcAL BFLLETIN lOliJ U S DEPT OF AGlUCUJJTUHE

TABlE (i-Tolemllce of (o)ej (IOPS dlllillj the win tel of I[)~8-4) to inyecticides ((pplied to the 80il in the splillj of 1947 Wi indircdcd by the weight of l)lallts illcludinrl oots in 1M jlft of (hm IOU

Experi- I Experi- Bxperishylllellt A Illent B ment C bull

TrcatshyInsecticidcs (pounds per acrltl mcnt 0 llylt folshy Oats and ]lyc folshylowing winter lowing

I cowpea pens collon

---~-- 1--- Pounds POIllels Pounds

Untrcatltd cl1(ck _1 118 5 3 10 J DDT

10 1 _______ bull - I 2 103 1 3 10720 i __ __ _ _ ___ _ I 73 G 2 g 040 ________ 1 55 42 11 I

-100 1 ) 32 3 () 6 0 Benzene hcxachlori(h (technical)167 1bullbull _____ bull ___________ _ o U 2 3 8 10 middotl

833____ __ __ _ I 7 0 ] 3 (j 7 ) 125 + DDT 25 1_ _ S 71 1 2 11 1 50 + DDT 10- __ U 6 n 1 2 n (j

Toxaphene 20 1 ___ 10 8 5 a 8 127 Difference required for Rirlifmiddot

ieallee at 5-percenL le(middot1 --- -_ I 3 7 3 (j

1 Rcpcatcclallnllally before thc spring crops werc plauted 1 Xot significant according to the F test

bull

bullFIGtJllE 2-Stllnd fint growth oC ry( in (xl)(rilll(ut A ill 1Hl 1 On IU 1111shytreated plot II 011 II plot ghPl1 DIYI t1cnl11IlI1 No e 011 t plot g-h(1l benzcnchcxllchlorid( irelltment No7 iJ 011 It plot ghPII tOXlIllhlIll tleatmPlIl No 10

FFE(T OF mL TIUT~ ET- 0- TOBC(O (OTTOS COWPEMi 17

-OIllP ppct- (J I- t h( i Il(ctilidl- Oil tIll IP nt( ill 11( In Itd ]y a (Olll shyjlHliOll or ~ullplp- flOIll th llli I(atpd (In(k (fi~~bull 11 ith Ullplls JIomplotsl((piYtllgthp 111l)pmIlHI doal 01 1)1)1 (fi~~1J1 and tIll

bull -~J)(IIIIl(l dougl or 11(11l7P)Il hlxHlltlo)idl (fi~ 2 (J Ill ~llpOllld dOSH( or IOXlpltllIl t Ii ~l)l did 1Iot ildfknlllly Ipdwl I Ill yh-Id dtltoll1t till [owtlt or (it 11 Wll- ttllIId (Ii ll 111 (]I(llishyIlltllt ( Ollhmiddot til( 1IlIipt dOHI or nllT lI111l or 1)(11I7lI](1 1w1shy(middothlOli([(middot hatllll l d 111( IYP plallt tIPIP Olt- alld II~tliltl11 ill(pI

IHI 1111( IHmiddotd II I (()Pl (IOP tIX[JlliIlHll1t HI lIP yi(ltd rot nIl

bull

bull I 5 7 10 FIiI~It~ ntnplmiddot Ill pIHIlt- ittlltlllill~ It frlllll VillI trllll (flPIi1IH1I1 or

tJp rt~ Plitmiddot in IHIU rpnIHI lft~atItH1HI t bull 1 Hud Itl

18 rECE-INICAL BtJLLETIN 1047 1 S DEPT OF AGlUCULlURE

treated plots was lowel than for the rhCCk but the ditTelCIJ(C was not statistically significant In this connection the soil where this exshypetimCnt was lorated is somewhat hCaiCl tlmn that JOl lxpeliment A but lightCr than tllllt fOr Cxpllill1Cnt C Praetically CClY plot that had been treatel with the beaviest dost1r(gt of benzene hexnchlolide conl(l be loratNl by the lrddish color of the plants

RESULlS J 1950

Thl toyer (rops WPle plnntNl 011 O(toil(t 27 IfJ-~l hut the stand of plallt~ was so pOOl thry were plantCltlngllin 011 NO(lllhll 11 Nille sltllJples welC takpn flom loeat iolls ill Caell plot fot yiCIlt1 brtwPln MaLch 11 and 2~ Eueh sample eomistrd or the yirhl from a 4-SqllHlP-Joot alCll Owing to the v(Itintirlll in the stand of winh1 1 pens and oats in YariOllS P11t of the fiCllt] it wa~ not possiblr to obtain an t(ematp estimate of theil yicl1s howCYPI) the Y1P1lt1 otlyt in rxpClimPllts A ancl B was studied (table 7)

In CxPtilll(llt A hl( )e followed (otton thC plot in which the lOo-pound rnte of DDT was appliC(l ill 1047 J)lodue((l tIC ]olRI yield The higl10st Yirld IIOm tLlIyinsrrtieidr hentlllCnt waS flOIll thC LO-pound dmmg( of DDI rqipliNl annually This yirld Wfl~ signifieantly hidH1 thnn that flol11 ])])1 applipcl al 20 pounds anshynually 01 nt 40 01 ](10 pOlllHls in Illmiddot17 only n ws also sig-nificantly hig-hpl than fhl yielltl flolll tlll plots lNlking bll1Zll1P Iwx(J(hlolilt1p at HI7 pOlmlt1s P(t (C annnally or at R~3 pounds IWI a(Il in HH7 only

IIILImiddot 7-Tot J((J([ oj (O( I mls dl(itt1 Iii lIil1r I 0 ItfJmiddotO 0 inR((li(id(~ 1111llilll to tIll wi ill till NIJinl 0 IfJff wlt illtlh(dul 1111 flu ( hIlt 0 Jlftwls ilrllidillff (lois Oil In WlO1 it It

EX[lrinHllt Explrin1ul A B

Tnmiddotltl nHnt Xo

H 1( follu- HI [ fallnwshyiil (lt1[101 illl (OlPlllgt

111111 I IItwdsIll rllt[d (llIIk 2l 1 -103DDT

10 I 2 21 0 25 62() J a 21 R 11 middot10 I la I 35 ~ JOO gt la2 2( l

BIII7(middotII(middot lllxllthlori( ~ 1 [(lwj[11I ~ lIL7 I () InO 22 I 833 7 In7 I(t 7 125 ()UT2iil x 17 middot1 253 50 bull DDT 10 I 20 a 20 3

JoxIlph(H( 20 I 10 I1I a 10 0 DifrPf(w( nmiddotqllinmiddot(1 for ~hliifi(un((

ItI 1-rWrl(l t 11 pi ~t f) S8

bull

bull

bull

r

KFFI~CT Oh SOIL TIH~ATlIENTS OX ronAeCO COTTON) COWPEAS 19

YhclC lYC Io]owtd (OWPtlIS in the Iotalioll PXPlIillltlll n) the seVercst injury O((IIlTPd in plo(~ tl(utt(I with I) POllIHh of LWl1zlne

bull

bull

bull

hlxfiehlodd(gt ill 10H olllr HIH1 willi () pOIIJHIgt of DDT anlluall) The yi(kls JrOf)l all tl(ntmtlll (lX(tpt lht middotJ()pollIHl closagl of nUT apshyplitd intl-IT ollly W(lP sipllifi(Hntly I(ss lwn tIl( 1IIItl(at(ltI (hcck

TIIP inPtiehlps WPIP iJll()Ipolatpl ill (il( -oil HI as to tlst in as ~hOlt u ppliod as possiblp dosags (olllpn Ialll to )psidllPS t ha t III ig-ht (gtYPIII 11 uII) builtl up ill PIH ie JloWl (1 it is dOl rn1 whpUHl (hI H((Ulllulntiolls tllnt wltlull1 I(slli floUl nOlllial applicalion of the illp(tici(1ps to foiiaw wOlllrllll (olllpalnlll to til( high (Josag-l llsll(1 l[Ol of Olll ins(gt(t I)(Slt HIt (OIlIIOllPlt1 hy folial appli(Htionllt oj inmiddot llaquo(tiPicp S(lllll of hillI is dOllhtlp In thlolluh lipan IHillS and wind lIHl til(IPloll 11((1 1)((0111( ilHolpolu(ldiJlIO II( -oil

Lk of faeilil iP1 ntHdp jt lI((l1ltHI~ to lilllit thl 111I1ll](I of Ippli(alp to foUl This b 1IllfOltllllatl a- (hp (XPlIiIllPllta1 PIIOI HS IIII P ~OIlH of till (lilfplPIl((gtlt althoug-h within till liuIis or lXIHIilllllltd (1101 WPlP so iall tllrtt (he (otlJ(l not 1)( iU-1l0Ipd and tiw wpre tllPlpfOlp (ollsirhI(ci ill tlip illplpl(tntioJl of Ihp l(sldlfl

Toxaphplp at til(middot Ia(p lI-pcl Wllt h- (oxi( to IIll (IOPS s(udipd than nDT or h(lIz(lll iHXl(hioliltil HowlnI til( WpOllllll d()sa~( IP wrttld for 1ypal hOWld (idpllep ol l)(Iin (Oxi( (0 plaa

It npl)(tt that til(gt (Ifllt of DIYI and bPIl7PIH lllxHchlolidl 011 the (IOps -tlldil(l W(1( (l(i[HIHj(ll( lIj)OIl n llUlllbpl of II(IIIIS iJl(iultiillu raiJifal1 lind olhl1 lt(11lt01111 lOllliitionllt thl cJop (II( -oil [YjlP the iJl~(((ilid( till d()~HUP thl 111111]11 01 palS thp illspdi(idl had 1gt((n ill I lip ltoiL alld 1 lit middotII()1 lOllioll 111( 1middot(t1t~ olJtaill(d dllring aJV OJ( (HI (1( dillPI(llt flOll1 tli)~l 101 -oOI1H ulll(i (HI and II ((Himiddot

(llIi1I1I 1m-d 011 1 01 WillS 1ltlIlts llIiiH Ill 11Ii-lladinu fhp (middotn((( of hPIIZPIH l1lXllcltloli(ip OJl (oha((o nlui (olhlll aJiprl

(olliltillu bl d lIri 1Ig Ih ~middotYln I plliod ~h(llp it n- 11 ppl ipltl nt 31 pOI1IHj~ Ind at ~U pOIIIHilt plllltJ pound- or DDf ppl JI(IP and tlip (Iop- W(IP pia 1I1tmiddot([ lthol( I t hlIla n(I Jo( It (IOPS WPIP PI( I) dUlllll((1 Til ltuiJ-((pHIH SPIlIlt hOWII till (oltOIl Wt not injulpd and lH(iI-P of (hI (ol1tlOl of ((lot kllOl IlPlllatodl aJld poltilJlr o(lill h111111111 -oil olwlllilll- till rhll of toJa((o ill lll as inmiddotIla~((1

11 doag(middot (if lWIIZ(IH h~xa(hlolid [(s[prJ gtnmiddot an IIIH1pirahlp (n(p (0 (ohmII) This wn lIot slllpli~illf ill yi( or J[)()Jls tliat i( (lu-pcI olr-lIaol in lt)(11 fowl (IOlb a Jl()(n(()(~ (1110(lt nnd (Ollmtoplt III otlHl studi 1) I Ill spniol alltlul hi (oo]l(Inli(11I with til( (olJl((()

illtlll~t IY folilgl appl1(u tioll- of (oxa plHlll a1-0 gilP nil IIIIII(-i Ilhll tastl 10 tltilJl(o Offmiddotfhlol r-gt II IIill froll (lIP 11-( ofill-((ti(iC(s way llt ((fwd) as tlIHipsilnhl( a- tll( lohity of tIl( 11IHIlIjnb 10 plU1ts

11 dosngls of 1(lIiPII( Ipxwhloljlh (UJ-(I] ~()Ill[ injun- to )( and oats nlthough injury fl(1JI1 thl Jiglltl1 (losiI(lt I~ not ~o ~iplt II~ [10111 ih( lwnj(ll (lmill~(s

Til (J1pml b(J)Z(ll( h(lxl1rhlolidl applnlN] to iJl(Ipaltp til( gTowth nlHI i(ld of r()w]lPlls fl(Hlch Jaij(d to lthow fill din(gtJPJlp~ III tlil JllIlIlh(IS of inR((tR ()l ofhpl )lPsts that (oult han H((Olmtpd 101 the difl)PIH(s ill lil( ~l()th and yipld of this (10]) OhsPIntloJ1 ()Il tohn((() show((1 that (hl il1pdi(iti( ((mIJOlhd til( Ioot kllot 1111111(0lt1(

rr

20 lEGHNfCAr B(TI~tETIX 1017bull 1- g DEPT OF MmrCtLlURE

11owenJ tlH YllJi(t- of (O]gt(as ~J(ln BJnhhnlll is pllltially resistshyant to ntis 11(gtlIlltolt1e llnd itis (loubtful whether its (ontTol eould acshycount Jot the ineJlased yi(middotlds

DDT eli d 1I0t SPtlll to inj u1( (ot( on H did not ea 115( SO Jl1 le11 c1amugl to toba((o liS dhl 1)(11(11( lltXtl(h loli(e The lOll-pound ((osage appl i(d ollly ill H)middott7 (a listll (h IOli Ill sylll ptOJllS i n t11(~ ioha((o plants in llJT early in tlwir gJowth hilt 111( plallt olltgJ( thelll Ill( dry wrHtll(J und thr faet that I Ill tohHtO was plalliNl soon dtlJ thl inselttieidps (J( appliNI may han hllped (III1Sl Ih(s( SYlIlptOIlIS Ih(J( WtlS SOli 1(gt (itlPIIll 1gtu I 110 dltfi II i Ie PIOO f t lIa t (h is dOSHil ilIj I Ied the lobuclo plans in lJjmiddotD NOl1l of till othlr dosages aHdrt lIP tobH((O

Fllt iIWmiddot(s 110 clalllngl to (o(I(a5 hy DDT was a ppa I(IIL (Ylll hy tlll j()()-polllld dosHg( but hy lHD all (]osagls (x((pt till W-polllld tlosa~p (t (flllHing SOlll( (lIlJllng( Th( injllJ) WlIS 1110-1 S(plC h(I( l1H lIHl-pound llosagp was appliNl in InImiddotT onl 1111(1 WhlI( thc ~lshypOllnd ltIo~agl a1gt 11IwatNl nllnudl~ Thl H)-polllld dosag( (alls((] hss illjUI than an of till olltCl DDT tlpatllHllts inlludillg tlH apshypli(atioll of 1(J pounds of nDT onI a pplio( of lHIS

11 dosaWs of DDT injllJp(l l)P nnd oat~ till 1( Iwing tltp 1l1Oll illS((pt i1) 1(

A I1UlIlhpl or ill(stiiutolS 1iI( dllllolIall(] that IH-a dosa4ls of DDT Ot hCIlllll hCXttltllIolitlp ilHOIpoIalpd in till ~()il ~i11 IWJll (PIfain (lOps IIp dosagps how(I alp not lilwlv to Ill IlSld UIlshy~BR nil p(s is H) illipOIIllil (ollollliltally thaI its sj)J(at (nllllO b( ]JPIllliited SIHIt H (as( is lx((ptiollHI and ~ltollid llot h( rOJlfusClt1 with OldillHI plant-pCst (Ol 101 ]llohllnls FlIltlllIIlIOIP otlllI IIglishy(ultulnl (IIIlidenls -lw1l as fll(ili(Is and lillH will also (au~( plant jlljUJ) if 11-(11 ill (X(psil dong(middots

~(IT snlllll doails of SOllll of 111( IllW olgturil inspl kid(middot- alt lflpdip against n llllllllwl of ills(( Plss )[()IlOPI S(Hlll pidplI((

liS olllaillPd ill this illYPstiintioll titnt bllI(ll Iwsa(ltlolitll lllll Ill hpl1Pfieial to plallt glowth alld (TOP ~illd or (OPlHS TItplpjOI( whpIl light doag(middot of tltl Jl( il1pdi(illp haY( h(pll fOllnd to h( lIIp((irp ill (oltl()llill~ a Illst without (tUlil1g a IHt1tlt IlHtI(] and tlllI( it IlO pid(IHP that tlw will (IIS( iPIjolt plant illjuJY (h(jJ IIS PlIlI- jll~t ilild TIJ(r sholll1 not 1)( (Olldllllll(d 1lHIply hlflllN h(a (Iosagls ill (ltc soil (HII~l (JIIl( ltHlltlgP to ((ItHill (II)PS

ExplJinHIlI- (1( II(gUIl Ht FIOIIJll S C ill tltt prillg or IJmiddotIT to S[lId~ Ilw (11((1 or oil HpplicHtiol1s of 1(lIzI( hpxt(hIOlidl D[)T II lid t oxapItPlJp 011 fi ( (IO]S g1O1l ill 1-( I 101 aioll Tlllia Ill( -oil tllltlll(middotltt (11 t((td ill thl(( (XIJ(Iilll(llts Iall xlHIilll(llt WHss(ttlllmiddotd with1 dillPIPIl( (IOp hut tltp-tllll olh((sioll s foll()((i Tolia((() was followltll by a Hlixtllll or oat Hilt lIst Iiall illtlI Iwas (OP(llS 11](gt S((OIHI splillgI(middot (Itt SlOlld Idl (ot(OIl (Ill thitll pJilli and Jrp (II( thild fall Lilwis( I( aftpl (oltOll was 101shym(middotd h to1gtI((O Til (lti- lIlalllI tp-t WplP 111t(h Oil nil till (IOPS (11lt11 YPH I

1)1)1 was upplil(l al 10 lIlld ~() pOI1It(I 1gt(1 n(l( lteh spling lIm1 at 40 and IO() potlllltls ill IlmiddotIT only CottOll did lIot S(PIll to 1)( ntll(tld by lIt DDT (J(alJlI(lltS Th( onl IINlillllllt that sP(lllld to aflltt

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOlL TREATMENTfi ON TOBACCO COfTON COWPEAS 21

tobacco waS the lOO-pound dosage that was applied in 10-17 only This dosage appeared to cause some chlorine injury chalacterized by glossy brittle haves in 1047 tmd to affect the yield and IHlLning qualIty in 1940 11 except the 40-poul1d dosagl~ of DDT afleded COWplUS to some extent but the(gt efl(gt((s were 110t apparent until l)1H Tl~ 100shypound (io3uge signifilantly redmNl the yield of cowpeaR in the hull in 11148 and 1((111(elt1 the stand of plant ill HHx and 10JH The wshypound dosnge did not significlntly aflPlmiddott the (owJ)eHS in any yeaI but the yield of hay and llPUR in till hllli wa les than thnt flolll the untreated cheek in H)Js ThlN annual applications of 10 Ot 20 pOUlHls PPl ael( redu(pltl tb stand and glowl of till cowpea plants The JO(J-poull(l dOSHgP 5((I1I(gt( to letlt(l the gl(Jlh of oats and Austrian winter peas Hy(l wn ulteeptihlp to injury by DDT and lwn [t total of nil POllIHl applied OWl a pEd()(l of WillS r(dll(~d ~()wth under ol11e (onditioll bull Toxa phel1e at ~II ]lOlllH P(l l1)e anllUH 1Ir wa- hs~ i njlIliotl than DDT at the same dosae

Tlclmiltal hlIlZ(llP lilxadlloli(hmiddot (ol1tnlning 1~ ]lpnlIH of gamma hont(] wn~ nppli(d HIUll1fllly llt 117 IHHul(b (gt(1 1I1lP amI at l~i Jl()ull(l~ with ~) ]gtOllIlIb of DDT III llJT IgtPIIZtIll hlXiHhlolidp wn pplipd HI-o ttt l~ pound pel 1llI( IUl(1 at -l POllll(l with l1 V()l1J1(l~ of DDT _11 thesl tl(atlllll1tmiddot aflp(middotttt tlU lIayoL or t Itt tobn(((j in 1HT the (Jill WitI in hhmiddotl ml (pt-- tl( IIlIHlp TIll )11- lind t~middot J)(Jllllll doaglmiddot p(hap(l tIll 1Uld of a Oot kLlOt-Ip-itnnt vnlilty of toiHU(O ill 1)middot~7 wl(p tlw plallt- W(I( trnn--planlld -hortly artpI tlt( ius((tilidp ltntllllllI appliP(1 In WmiddotI tlllimiddotI1 nIl (lolgl gan ~ml( lolltlOl of tIll loot kllot lltlIHlIOdl all ill llmiddotUJ a -lilttlv hidIP1 Yitll Wl ol)(uilHd frotH till plot~ thnt ha(lllmiddot((inmiddot(l Ill( 1IIIIlHmiddotit~t Io~np~ ill W+7 III 1lt7 all dOlIp 1(gt1111((1 1111 -tall of (oltoll lwo it WshyplatltPl -hott tftp thljlll(ti(id( hnd lapll npplitd hut ill l1b-(shymiddotJlllllt vIIIIS 1WIlt or til(gt 111111111(111 IUUIlIlII til( lottOll Ill bllIztJlP

lHXtHhlolid( ]i(luO( -P(1ll til illjUlP lW ~(J lItlwlt n (lid DIgtT lUlIl fol sOliii I1llkuO1 l(a oll it appptllcl toimllu-1 tlll itld or lwa- in thl hull BPllZIIH ltlxl(hloIi(l likl DDT llil lwr iidull tn [ol1owiH (orton a nuwh a it (litl IYI followillg (middotOWp(middott Thl Hnmiddottmiddott tong( of l(l1ZIIH 1IIxllltloli(lt illqmlllll l IPlh1ih oiur til ln awl otlt plllIlh ([w-inll lutill Ih 1Jmiddotmiddotf1 -(laoH

UTER TlHF CITED

dl (eOIm n l I Uf 1 It II 11 r E ImRl r n nmiddotJt WIL awl Hu~ 1

11U fnf( r of Imiddot 1 ( II ~IltfI r llH TncTll ClI n If I UIT 1lI TYlf - ( 1 Ex -11 1111 HIt II Ii iilu

121 (mnnll bull 11 II amI InlItl-o I 1 1Jo flH Iln WIHf 11 I 11 rMfiF suIL I l f II tltf TbullbullItl

(011 Ent Ja 1-1 til (~ 1 FInnbullbull YUTtJI J

Hill un( r 00 Il S OF (JIITlft IUl to -011 FIJI IIlE ntsmll UO ltIF TAr~bf nFtfU 111- (~ Bur gil HUli Phwt (11111 I~ j~j (IIIJl poundr)(ImiddotI1

laquo FIlFnR ARTnra ( Ill SllMfTLAT t~PWil fII nJn- I-gt-J( lit JOh 1 Hlt S(lll ~

Ilfptbullbull1 (il SO middot11 ppbull mus ~tl IAIIU - )h Inmn bullbull1 Ibull11bull BIIWIT T )I unl Ii) E Cl

In~O uou m (fUIlfU IS -TtIITlIl JIiR()Wllllltmiddot tIlE rml(11) lLTs SII ITS trncr ox TIn fJr 1 TlY OF flr (ntHI U ~ 1 IJII f bull A~l HPF 40 fl2imiddot (W mus

22 TECIINICALBULLETIN 1017 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(O) GItWSON T ~r nnd PoosF W 10middot1i SOI]TIIImN CORN 1t00rWOnr IS A i~Sl or lNurs OUI ECOll J~It

10 251-256 1llus (7) GmENWOOll DOUGLAS E

1H7 lIeNlmNE ImxACIHoltlUE ANIl wHumouM COXLlIOL 1otH t1c-OIl EJllt 40 724-727

(S) rONES L W llliO 1m INIlIlmlgt )OX1( Jt) SOli HIO()Il()IR~IR FulII 1111(1 llollll bull

Sei(gtllCl Utnll AgT ExpL Stu 11 W) JR--9 illl1S (0) I_AX) l( ( HTON~ ~1 V LAN(msIlm 111 1 0 IS I W 1111lt1

OllISON KJiJ 1048 srullms W1IIl 1I1lI AS A (ONI1I01 F()11 Wll1mOUlS IN lIt1tlGNfeu

lNllS- ljlO(lIl~SS IIEIOUI r~ [111 1~1lt 11111 1111 Qlllll Bshy765 D PI bullbull [PrO(CSSNl)

(10) UOltllIf H E 1111(1 DwrxGII n H 102 I1IJtIIY1O GllOlN(I (1101S (middotHREII II) lHI- IIHIIION 01 lIR~NI(middotI

(OIOIIR 10 rrm SOlI 0111 ltt illS mmiddot7k illlts (ll) Moltltso1l II 11 lWIU II B (IW~Il ~ I~ 11bull and Lllll~lnAl~gtll

lIS TIH IWImiddotmiddot(rs 01- (Itr1I1I IIW SelIL ISI(II(WJS 00 PIAmiddotrs Tour HIOIl Ent 11 171-mi

(12) OKAoI~ W lt lli-l7 UIs wITH ZEI~ InXA(IUOltlllt 10111 B(IIn Elli middot10 lmiddotmiddot

lH (J) PlgtPH nfl~middot B YIIRON (I~HTON A lind C~fIlImI bullbull OIlX (

11)17 IItN7IX~~ lJISACIIIOltllll) AXil OlHEH (O~I~ll1IflS FOlt (oorItOI cW WI1t~ WOrt~li 111SII0 10ll(lR 10UI l~~((Jtl BilL 10 77 70

1]4) KIITII 1N1II n 11lII I-ZIIbullbull ~Lltll Fl l1H7 SOlI lWU(lOIWNlSltS AllH wnXnll It SOlII- 01 lll~ NI~W lIHXIIshy

(JI)~il Soil Hel Hut Anur lrm 12 27 middotaa IlllIs (15) SNYlJ~~ltT (

lIla (1101S IU1IIIU IX It(IEII Oil II 111111-1 1I~h Rill (p 11ol ~O( lro( n ~ 4amp0-1

(Hi) 81JTI ToYl) L nnd ]~ANROX Jums 10middot10 PlInorOSHiTY 1I1l OFINtIIlrY Of- nmlIIIR Ortoo IX sou

Illt-Nr~1l I]-U J1ISE(middotrI(middotUl~S rOllt 1~(middot(Il( ]0)11( j (]4 --Gl7 Ii I middotNm(WWmiddotl~~ ( 1I0RNEll G M lUHI KtT()X ( II

lOan r1l1ltoJ)t(Tn~oEsS 01 CElIllN OtWIllW SOli AS mIIn1l 10 lgAIl I11SENITt SItY ((e~ltIAt101IS ioil S(middotI oJ 2(1~-2J1 ill liS bull

(18) WlrrrA~1 S K 1 1fJR s~rtNIlJI IN sons r H )tpt gr Y(IIIl)Wk was SiOmiddotSH

nil) WnsoNr K bullbull nud CUOCDlIllT 11 S HHG ~~FOS ()~ Illrr ON C~~IllAIN )(J(IlOlltOIOOI(AL l1l0(ISS~S JX Tit I SOlf

0111 Bcon Eltt 30 GJ7-5aH (20) ----- Ilnd (HOtUHlII H R

1DM nm tFPIWI (W mOZNI H~XA(HL_OltTJr ON SOli OUGAXI$lS lOllI Agr H(s 77 2-r-~2

(21) WIISOX Lom n 10at EVPt(TS OF (lllOltISe J1110~[In 1111 )leOUINg 011 THt~ TOIAceo lL11T bull

bull 1our gl HiS 4( R80-SUO IIus (22) Youxo H e 11Illtl (lIM 1 B

lOmiddottS sonrltlAt~nTS wnn H1Jrro (O1TuOr lin WIttI~IlINmn I~r~nI T K Hul I~nt ntHl Plant QUill )middotiiO S IP [I)nHl~s(d1

bull oorsall hy tlw ~lIperlutcnlf(flt of ()(lilIl1wutS t flOIerJuiirlt Prlntlll OJll(~

Wt~hrlltton 2~ 1)0 bull Irk~15 (~nts

r t

10 TECJIICAL Bt~UJETIN 101 i J l DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

The differences in the yield 1Il1 income resulting Trom the various treatments WllC not sig-nifjeflll( In general the highest yield and ine01l1c wtrc lcclivNl from til( plots where bCn~clle lwxlehlOlide (treatment Sos () 8 nndl) had Iltell applied allcllhe lowps whlll~ 100 pounds of nDT lind been applied in U)J7 All the blnzene hexashy(h101ide t Iea lllllnls gaC lloliCPH hIe control of the root knot nematode bull nnd this COlltlOJ pidtnt1y nfrN~tp(l th(~ yields HUln test 1(sults were ]]O so (ollsilpllt as in lJmiddot~~L nl tobacco ItOm soilleceiing the 100shypound dosage of DDT temkd to burn faster than tltat frOI1l soi I reshyceiving any other ttlatment but the DDT did ]lot seem to he entirelr lCspomlible lillc(l the slomsf burn was obtained flol11 the tobac((J glOVll wherc til( IO-pound dosage of DDT had been r(]1Nlted al1l1lutlly Chcllliltoftl llnnlyses fol rhloline show(d thaI (h(I( wa no sig-nifi(allt

Ii diifellIHp helw((1) 1l(gt[ltlll(nls aHhollgh llt(l( waH a 1(]1(1(])() as in ]lI(violiS -pals ror the tolmC(o f101Il til( b(I1~Cn( It(xaehloJilti1 plot to ha ( 11101( lhlolinn Hnd fot thllt from Ill( nDT plots to Ita l lpss ehlOli 11(1 than the untlented tobacco

COWPEAS

PROCEDURr~

The BIahhnlll YariPt) of (OWp(as was plan(Nllaelt )(lll Thllwas W(I( plnlltpd ill IOS flP( npul I() rows to ln(]1 filld plot Tlw W(IP 1)I1nl((] on Tl1I1P IT in HIImiddotT III1(]( in JlmiddotIH lind Junc 22 in 1H~)

V]](1l the plants 1)1( lip (Ollllls W(IP nlnlt1( nl fllqllllltin(enals (0 dNlIlllin( tIll (f)pd of lltt ttpnlllHJlIs Oil p]nll( HIIIial and gl()tI bull ~S the CllH)n adIlIH((llbl Jlpigltt of Ill( planls as JlINlsllIed (0 dlshyl(Imill( til( lfJp(( oj tlt( diIrltIl[ (IPrLIIlHl1ls Oil plan D(lllt

TJl rip1l of lIa wus dpIP1IlIiIH( II (lUhw and pinhin- all I ht dJlPH 1111 1lt(lS Ill()(II(((1 011 fOUl w-r)ot (Iil~ illlilally I()(~((t Ol H 11 plots

Tll(gt y(1](l of 1Ils ill tIH hull was l(lpl1I1ilHd hy (al(llIlllt picking and lihing nll thp IHt~ thnt IPllIHil1pd 011 Ilw plnls nrlpl Ill( lwa rim lIny ~lIIl]lI(s hncl ](111 fakpll

~l1I1II)Hln of lIP datil oltaillPd fIolll tllPs( Ihlp( (p-t- is inlI in talJh I

I Est ITS 1 H III nIl til HIII-pollnd ltJosng of DDT lpdl1(((1 111( Htllld Olll(shy

hut nltJlOlIgh lilt Ialld wn- 1101 ignj(j(ll1llly nmllpl thall thai 011

Ih( (b((k JlI()(~ 11]( plot- tlpnlpd with ~ll POt11lll of 1)(lIIZ(lll htXIshy(hllt)Iicl IJIHtHld 1 -ignili(tllfir glpat(I 1I1111lilPI of plall(s (hall til( (1)((1 p10( Dllling II( PHY pat of tlip glOing IJ(Iiolt Iltt lIH) llOlllHlllItP of I)J)T IP(nl(ltd p1anl Iolh Hnd tlH ili IH1llIHlsof )(11shyZCllP 11lxlIhlolidp ~(illlltln(lcl if bull

TltllP n- 110 -iglliliHllt dillpJ(IllP ilpl (111 (lip 1 Iious Inall1lenlf ill I t( ltjll1niily or IHH i IP hay plodll[p(l Thl I 0 hidllsl dosngp of hPIlZtlll HXllhlolillll gap siglli(j(middottllfly 11101( jllas hnn nn) olhI j I(IIIHII( (X((pl Ill( 1011poIllH1Inlp of nDT

lJiatlllJ middot11- l

EFFECT OF SOIL TREATMENTS ON fOBACCO) COTTON) COWPEAS 11

TAIILE 4-1olcrance of COHpe(ts in 1ltllD48 an(l1Q49 to inseotioides applied to the soil in the 8p)ing of 1941

Trentmiddot i fltand of Insecticide aud dosage (pounds mont plantsper acre) COWPCIlRbull

No per acre in the hull

~ __I ____

1)47-Experilliellt C h~~C8 Pglll1r1s POllnl~1

Untreated eheck bullbull __ uJ GIn 700 1)22 DDT

10_ 2 I (iG313 20 5 I 15240 middotI-In 20 bull _bullbull __ bullbull 3 I 70OSR 22 5 1Ii 880 400 40 __ middot1 i 02 Oilmiddot n 2 I 17 l0(j 53( 100 ____ bull -_ bull 5 53313 Ill 1 15OG5 nil

Brllzeilc hcxachlorid( laquo((chilimiddot cal)

Hi7 __ bull Ii i 71531 2middot1 I 17515 i i3S 833_ bull 7 73503 2middot1 G 1(i8S0 1)71 125 + DDT 25 S I li5 sla 22 n j(i ll07 (j52 50 + DDT 10 bullbull 1 71188 2middot1 (l 177S7 1middot12

TuxaphfIll 20 10 on ISS 21 S 10 SSO middot120 Dilfrrenc( r(cillirrd for sil-shy

nificancl at 5-pcl(PIII1((1 _ _ bullbull 10281 gt_ D- 2middot1(j

1)jS~-ExplIitnpnl rntrPlLtNl elHck _ 315)middot1 l 2 8 SImiddotI 12S D TYl

bull 10 ~ __ bull 2 3(1175 10 55 1000 02 bull _ 3 alll(jl llS8 OSO 40 bull middot1 3871l H531 7sa 100 t) 22 1HH fit ailmiddot1 ill I

BPIl7(IH lwxuchlnlicll llchllimiddot (all

lti7 2 (j l-IIHi) 1l 1 S lS1 1 Oil S33 7 aRt ORR 10 I 10 SIO 1131 125+ DDT 25 2 x aliliit) s~ () S Ins l71 50tmiddot DDT 10 II Ia S7ii 11 a 10 alii 057

TUXllph(IH 20 - 1012 )(jI) l il IO70l 1000 DitT(rpm rpquirNI for -il-shy

nifictlll(r al 1-pPI(pnt Ip(1 27)

lHl-middotI-llfrillwllt B lnirPlltlr1 clwck ll 21) 102 21 Hi2 DDT

10 l 2 7)3middot11 70 IllS7- 2Hi 20 I 3 )7 125 n middot1 IS 832 282 10 bullbull middot1 01500 105 21 middot112 232 100 bull bull 5S031 Ii (j 1551S 282

BllIzenl hexu(11ori(( (C(llnishy(all

(j 9-shy

bull I bull I l 100 middotIax n Ii _I) S33 __ _ bull 7 l1250 n l 201 125- DDT 25~ S 1003i5 8 2middot1 Ii 50 + DDT 10 bullbull I sa65G X7 2middot11

Toxnp1enp 20 2 _ 10 75 nOG 1 il 188 Difference reqllir(d f(H i~bull

nificmlcc ILt 5-1)(f((J t l(vll 18bull100 2 I

I Xot 1i~nificllnL n~corrlilll-( to the P lest Z Repeated alJlJIlItlly before the pritlg (rop Wit planted

12 TECHXlCAL nlLLETJN 1Omiddotl i l S DEPj OF AGH1CULlTRI~

In PltS (he h~njesl c1mmgl of ])DT (allHld HOlll( plallt (lalllagp cady lJl Ow glOlllg S(ltson 110((1]10 attlllIpt IIHS lliade to study the YHliationin tIll Hlalld ul1til thp plallts (gtIl lolllpalathply lalgl bull A count mad Oil ]llly 2) hoyltd I hat tll(middot j()()-pOlI11d (Iosag of DDT ltad L(ducNl thc slnlHl (ol1silti(lIahly (fig 1 lJJ

bull

bull IrnUiil~ l-RlIltl nml fp(lh lit (OIJ)(IlIs I On 1111 llltlputld plot n lIll II

VIol that lInd Iccllp(l DD1 [I(a [Illlut No ii

f

bull

bull

bull

BltFBCl OF SOIL lItEATMgNlS ON lOBACCO J COl1ONJ COWPEAS 13

The stand of plants on a typieal 1I11tlCatelti check plot is hown in figure 1 ct The height of tltf1 plnnts measllred on the same date showed thal this henvy dosage of DIYI was retarding plant glowth (lable ~~)

Tlule was no significant difference bebrNB YllriOI1S treatments for the yieW of ]1IIY although the plots i1mt Je((~i(~ll the ]Itltviesi dosage of DDT yieldecl considerably less thnn Illly othel plots The highest YJelcl of pens was from plots lccliving the ABa-1)Olllld dosnge of benshyene hexllchlolidp and tllis yield was significantly gr(gtntel than that fo( pithe) of tllp holHHilst c1Ofmg(s n DDT

RESULTS I 1949

In lVclV many plants diNl Oil nil tLlnt(d plots as tlw SlIlS0It 110-gTPSS((l By Tuly 2V the 20-pollnd llosag(1 01 DDT lppeatNt arlllunlly and the lOO-pound dosagl appl itd on I j 11 1)47 had signi ficllIltly lpdu((gtcl the stand (tahle ~~) I-hgtight 1lHIISlIl(nHgtnb s11oplt1 Ihat (h(se DDT tl(gtatllllllts had sllI11 tNl t11(gt plants

D(gtspilt fht diilelento nolNl in th( stand and g]owlll of Ille pells I(cliving Ihe ll1iolls [Iealll1(n(s 111(((gt WtlH no signifhnt diffcleur( iII the yield ot hny 01 pttH ill Ule ]I lIll Th is nppnlPllt diil(le1l((gt brtlll(gt11 (naIl1(lIts hiell could 1101 be jllOVgt(1 snlistkally mw hnw resulted flol11 too fplI llPIICutpS 1)(gt1 trCa[lIlent

COTTON

PHOCI~D1JHg

In 1()17 CoktLs Yilt Jon variCty of (OltOIl WlIS planted Oil May Dj ill H)middotJ8 and 1Mn SPlllnml 5~2 was plallted Oil pliI 27 and 10 leshyspcdiYll YlleJ1 Ih(gt plantH 1(1(gt lip to It good stuld oiJsPIntiolls WPI( mnch at llNlupnt iI(gtIllIs to ltlltplll1illl till lnpl of III( 11(gt(1shyJlllllts on plan 811Iin] lIlld lowth

Ill(gt -nnd was ((t(Inlinell by (ollntinp tlH plants 011 II piYl1l lpllpth () l IOW Pll plol ((tell spaSOll

Th(gt boll pe11 illf(satioll lUS aSlPItainlltllJy pxnmining lOll sqllallS IHL plot a[ aPP1oxilllalllr 2-llk intpluhi [hlOllgllollt he lHSOll ObS(gtIVlltiollH (gtIe lIladp (H(ll S(asoll on yaliollH ot11tI (ottOIl illHPds that llligh 111( aninfluPIl(e on the I(stllui ohtailled

Growth studil were made by 1l11astlling tlllt heigllt of tllt plnntf bllt IheH( l(gt(ol(lH arc omitted as tlHl( w(re 10 (Ol1sisCllt tlifflIelw(s Hssoeinte( ith the soil I((atlmnts Howevpl there wap l t(ndency ill tD47 for the pltllfg tf) grow highlIin plots whplp the stllnd had been S((1(ly l((hl~pd hy til(gt oj I t Ipat 111(11 ti

CottOJl yields (1( [nlll1 hut 11HY el(in low owing to boll w(eyil da mape alid soi 1l(()l1sist(n t tba t 11HY (gt1( inaliNIlUl te for eld uati np tl1( trtflil1leIltH III tIl(gt UlltlPlltld ploti tIl nlit(l JlOlIl )00 pouncls of Heed (otton ill HlJH [0 -)() pOllnds in 1nmiddot~l Ills(I(titi(ips (1( not tlpplie(] to (11( (oHOII foliage 101 boll (l~il (0111101 Ipst I1Il expcrishy1II1ntnl tl(llhllll1tS bp upset

The ef)eel of the soil hentlll(nti on th( slallds of plallts fot tll( I hrle (gta 1S iH shown in blb1e tgt

r l~ ~ECHNICAL BULLETIN 1047 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

~ l TABLE 5-10ZeJa110e 0 rotton to insecticide8 alJpliecl vo the soil in

the spring of 1[)17 as tndicated by the number 0 7)lants in 218 feetI 010W _----

Insecticides and dosage Treabncnt 1047 1048 1919(pounds pel acre) No bull Untreated chec____ __ _ 6lt10 1065 323 DDT

10 1 2 553 820 280 __ -------__----------- shy20 1__________ __ __ -- ----- 3 650 997 23740 _____________________ 4 594 ]020 305100 ________________________ (j 632 1 057 256

Benzene hexach loridt (technishycal) 167 1_______ bull _______________ 6 610 I 082 308833________________________ 7 98 117H 318

125 + DDT 25 1___________ 8 550 1 OlD 276 50 + DDT 10 _______________ g 4(j) 1030 304

Toxaphene 20 1___________ _____ ]0 i31O 1 D5ll 247 Difference required for signif- I

icance at 5-porcent leveL __ 1_ - ----- - -I I 71 (2) (2) I

I Repeated annually before planting 2 Not significant according to the ]i test

RESULTS IN 1947

In 1947 tIle seed was planted 1 (by after insecticide applications were made It germinated well and at first the plant stand was unishyforl11 In the plols treated with 833 pOLll1Cls of benzene hexachloride llOwever R5 perctl1t oJ the young plants eliell 111ere also were reshy bulldndions in the staml for two other benzene lllxachlolitle tlcatments lind for the lowlst dosage of DDT (tnble 0)

The plants that sUlTivec1 did not seem to be affected by the treatshyments Even so smvjyolS of the 838-pound dosage of benzene hexashychloride (treatment No7) averaged 30 inclles in height Oil Jllly in whereas the plants for the other treatments ranged from ~H to 26 inches This diffelcnce in growth was probably due to less competishytion where there WCle fewer plants The yields varied from 112 pounds of seed cotton pel acre for the No7 treatment with benzene hexachloride to 500 pounds for the No8 treatment An the yields were reduced by boll weevil damage Although the yield differences were within the limits of experimental errol there was t tendency for lower yields where there was a poor stand of plants

HESULTS IN 1948

In 1948 the weather vas favorable fol seed germillatioll the st~lIHl of cotton plants was good and thcle a~ 110 evidltllce of damage from bull any of the treatments The height of plants on July H Yflied between 23 and 27 inches The yields varied between 462 and 562 pounds of seecl cotton pel aCre Neither the plant l)cight nol the yield seemed to be associated with the treatment

IF

EFFECT OF SOIL TREAfMEoNfS ON TOBACCO CO~rTONJ COWPJlAS 15

RESULTS IN 1949

In 1949 there was a poor stand of cotton owing to adverse weather

bull However the stand was fairly uniform and there was no evidence of any dunage from the insecticide treatments The height of the plants on July V was uniform-ootween Hi and 18 inches Ul1favorable weather throughout the gLowing season and damage by the boll weevil resulted in extremely low ywlds--50 to 88 pounds of seed cotton per acre

WINTER COVER CROPS

PROCEDURE

Rye [Uldlt mixture of oats and Austrian winter peas were grown as cover crops each year The Abruzzi vIlriety of rye Cokers Victor Grain oats and Dixie Vondel Austrian winter peas were used rhe rye was planted as a sepamte crop whereas the oats and winter peas were mixed before being plantecl These crops were planted by means of a grain chill

RESULTS IN 1948

bull

Owing to an ullusual1y rainy fall in 1047 it waS not possible to plant the cover crops until December For this reason the growth was poor and no effort was made to obtain samples However by 11arch 1948 the rye and oats had been damaged by the two heavy dosages of benzene hexachloride and the 100-pound dosage of DDT The stand of the Austrian winter peas was poor and it was not possible to make a reliable estimate of the effect of the insecticides on these plants

RESULTS IN ] 949

The 194D crops were planted on Novcmber 12 1D48 [lnd sampled for comparative yields on the following March 11 The stand of Austrian winter peas waS poor cOllsequently it was not possible to make separate estimatcs or to take separate samples of this crop However for comparatiyc yiplcls oJ each of the three experiments five similarly located samples of foliage were taken from each plot Each sample consisted of the foliage irom 8 feet of row

bull

Table ( shows tllat the insecticides ewsccl more injury to the rye than to the oats and Austlitlll wintel pens and that the effect on the rye was quite differcnt after eaeh crop T~le severest injury occurred where rye foHowed tobacco ancl cowpeas ll1 the rotation and where the soil type witS of It Bght sand 1he cowpeas were removed fIom the plots before the rye was planted (experiment A) and this reducshytion in organic matter may have influcnced the results HOwever subsequent York has indicated that the soU type was also an imporshytant factor Where rye followed cotton in the rotation and the cotton was plowed under before the Covel crop was planted (experi-middot ment C) the damage ras much less noticeable 11Owever the soil where this experiment was located is heavier than that where experishyment A was located In the experiment where the severest injl1ly occurred (experiment A) the three hewiest dosages of DDT md the heaviest dosage of benzene hexachloride injured the plnnts

16 ~ECHNrcAL BFLLETIN lOliJ U S DEPT OF AGlUCUJJTUHE

TABlE (i-Tolemllce of (o)ej (IOPS dlllillj the win tel of I[)~8-4) to inyecticides ((pplied to the 80il in the splillj of 1947 Wi indircdcd by the weight of l)lallts illcludinrl oots in 1M jlft of (hm IOU

Experi- I Experi- Bxperishylllellt A Illent B ment C bull

TrcatshyInsecticidcs (pounds per acrltl mcnt 0 llylt folshy Oats and ]lyc folshylowing winter lowing

I cowpea pens collon

---~-- 1--- Pounds POIllels Pounds

Untrcatltd cl1(ck _1 118 5 3 10 J DDT

10 1 _______ bull - I 2 103 1 3 10720 i __ __ _ _ ___ _ I 73 G 2 g 040 ________ 1 55 42 11 I

-100 1 ) 32 3 () 6 0 Benzene hcxachlori(h (technical)167 1bullbull _____ bull ___________ _ o U 2 3 8 10 middotl

833____ __ __ _ I 7 0 ] 3 (j 7 ) 125 + DDT 25 1_ _ S 71 1 2 11 1 50 + DDT 10- __ U 6 n 1 2 n (j

Toxaphene 20 1 ___ 10 8 5 a 8 127 Difference required for Rirlifmiddot

ieallee at 5-percenL le(middot1 --- -_ I 3 7 3 (j

1 Rcpcatcclallnllally before thc spring crops werc plauted 1 Xot significant according to the F test

bull

bullFIGtJllE 2-Stllnd fint growth oC ry( in (xl)(rilll(ut A ill 1Hl 1 On IU 1111shytreated plot II 011 II plot ghPl1 DIYI t1cnl11IlI1 No e 011 t plot g-h(1l benzcnchcxllchlorid( irelltment No7 iJ 011 It plot ghPII tOXlIllhlIll tleatmPlIl No 10

FFE(T OF mL TIUT~ ET- 0- TOBC(O (OTTOS COWPEMi 17

-OIllP ppct- (J I- t h( i Il(ctilidl- Oil tIll IP nt( ill 11( In Itd ]y a (Olll shyjlHliOll or ~ullplp- flOIll th llli I(atpd (In(k (fi~~bull 11 ith Ullplls JIomplotsl((piYtllgthp 111l)pmIlHI doal 01 1)1)1 (fi~~1J1 and tIll

bull -~J)(IIIIl(l dougl or 11(11l7P)Il hlxHlltlo)idl (fi~ 2 (J Ill ~llpOllld dOSH( or IOXlpltllIl t Ii ~l)l did 1Iot ildfknlllly Ipdwl I Ill yh-Id dtltoll1t till [owtlt or (it 11 Wll- ttllIId (Ii ll 111 (]I(llishyIlltllt ( Ollhmiddot til( 1IlIipt dOHI or nllT lI111l or 1)(11I7lI](1 1w1shy(middothlOli([(middot hatllll l d 111( IYP plallt tIPIP Olt- alld II~tliltl11 ill(pI

IHI 1111( IHmiddotd II I (()Pl (IOP tIX[JlliIlHll1t HI lIP yi(ltd rot nIl

bull

bull I 5 7 10 FIiI~It~ ntnplmiddot Ill pIHIlt- ittlltlllill~ It frlllll VillI trllll (flPIi1IH1I1 or

tJp rt~ Plitmiddot in IHIU rpnIHI lft~atItH1HI t bull 1 Hud Itl

18 rECE-INICAL BtJLLETIN 1047 1 S DEPT OF AGlUCULlURE

treated plots was lowel than for the rhCCk but the ditTelCIJ(C was not statistically significant In this connection the soil where this exshypetimCnt was lorated is somewhat hCaiCl tlmn that JOl lxpeliment A but lightCr than tllllt fOr Cxpllill1Cnt C Praetically CClY plot that had been treatel with the beaviest dost1r(gt of benzene hexnchlolide conl(l be loratNl by the lrddish color of the plants

RESULlS J 1950

Thl toyer (rops WPle plnntNl 011 O(toil(t 27 IfJ-~l hut the stand of plallt~ was so pOOl thry were plantCltlngllin 011 NO(lllhll 11 Nille sltllJples welC takpn flom loeat iolls ill Caell plot fot yiCIlt1 brtwPln MaLch 11 and 2~ Eueh sample eomistrd or the yirhl from a 4-SqllHlP-Joot alCll Owing to the v(Itintirlll in the stand of winh1 1 pens and oats in YariOllS P11t of the fiCllt] it wa~ not possiblr to obtain an t(ematp estimate of theil yicl1s howCYPI) the Y1P1lt1 otlyt in rxpClimPllts A ancl B was studied (table 7)

In CxPtilll(llt A hl( )e followed (otton thC plot in which the lOo-pound rnte of DDT was appliC(l ill 1047 J)lodue((l tIC ]olRI yield The higl10st Yirld IIOm tLlIyinsrrtieidr hentlllCnt waS flOIll thC LO-pound dmmg( of DDI rqipliNl annually This yirld Wfl~ signifieantly hidH1 thnn that flol11 ])])1 applipcl al 20 pounds anshynually 01 nt 40 01 ](10 pOlllHls in Illmiddot17 only n ws also sig-nificantly hig-hpl than fhl yielltl flolll tlll plots lNlking bll1Zll1P Iwx(J(hlolilt1p at HI7 pOlmlt1s P(t (C annnally or at R~3 pounds IWI a(Il in HH7 only

IIILImiddot 7-Tot J((J([ oj (O( I mls dl(itt1 Iii lIil1r I 0 ItfJmiddotO 0 inR((li(id(~ 1111llilll to tIll wi ill till NIJinl 0 IfJff wlt illtlh(dul 1111 flu ( hIlt 0 Jlftwls ilrllidillff (lois Oil In WlO1 it It

EX[lrinHllt Explrin1ul A B

Tnmiddotltl nHnt Xo

H 1( follu- HI [ fallnwshyiil (lt1[101 illl (OlPlllgt

111111 I IItwdsIll rllt[d (llIIk 2l 1 -103DDT

10 I 2 21 0 25 62() J a 21 R 11 middot10 I la I 35 ~ JOO gt la2 2( l

BIII7(middotII(middot lllxllthlori( ~ 1 [(lwj[11I ~ lIL7 I () InO 22 I 833 7 In7 I(t 7 125 ()UT2iil x 17 middot1 253 50 bull DDT 10 I 20 a 20 3

JoxIlph(H( 20 I 10 I1I a 10 0 DifrPf(w( nmiddotqllinmiddot(1 for ~hliifi(un((

ItI 1-rWrl(l t 11 pi ~t f) S8

bull

bull

bull

r

KFFI~CT Oh SOIL TIH~ATlIENTS OX ronAeCO COTTON) COWPEAS 19

YhclC lYC Io]owtd (OWPtlIS in the Iotalioll PXPlIillltlll n) the seVercst injury O((IIlTPd in plo(~ tl(utt(I with I) POllIHh of LWl1zlne

bull

bull

bull

hlxfiehlodd(gt ill 10H olllr HIH1 willi () pOIIJHIgt of DDT anlluall) The yi(kls JrOf)l all tl(ntmtlll (lX(tpt lht middotJ()pollIHl closagl of nUT apshyplitd intl-IT ollly W(lP sipllifi(Hntly I(ss lwn tIl( 1IIItl(at(ltI (hcck

TIIP inPtiehlps WPIP iJll()Ipolatpl ill (il( -oil HI as to tlst in as ~hOlt u ppliod as possiblp dosags (olllpn Ialll to )psidllPS t ha t III ig-ht (gtYPIII 11 uII) builtl up ill PIH ie JloWl (1 it is dOl rn1 whpUHl (hI H((Ulllulntiolls tllnt wltlull1 I(slli floUl nOlllial applicalion of the illp(tici(1ps to foiiaw wOlllrllll (olllpalnlll to til( high (Josag-l llsll(1 l[Ol of Olll ins(gt(t I)(Slt HIt (OIlIIOllPlt1 hy folial appli(Htionllt oj inmiddot llaquo(tiPicp S(lllll of hillI is dOllhtlp In thlolluh lipan IHillS and wind lIHl til(IPloll 11((1 1)((0111( ilHolpolu(ldiJlIO II( -oil

Lk of faeilil iP1 ntHdp jt lI((l1ltHI~ to lilllit thl 111I1ll](I of Ippli(alp to foUl This b 1IllfOltllllatl a- (hp (XPlIiIllPllta1 PIIOI HS IIII P ~OIlH of till (lilfplPIl((gtlt althoug-h within till liuIis or lXIHIilllllltd (1101 WPlP so iall tllrtt (he (otlJ(l not 1)( iU-1l0Ipd and tiw wpre tllPlpfOlp (ollsirhI(ci ill tlip illplpl(tntioJl of Ihp l(sldlfl

Toxaphplp at til(middot Ia(p lI-pcl Wllt h- (oxi( to IIll (IOPS s(udipd than nDT or h(lIz(lll iHXl(hioliltil HowlnI til( WpOllllll d()sa~( IP wrttld for 1ypal hOWld (idpllep ol l)(Iin (Oxi( (0 plaa

It npl)(tt that til(gt (Ifllt of DIYI and bPIl7PIH lllxHchlolidl 011 the (IOps -tlldil(l W(1( (l(i[HIHj(ll( lIj)OIl n llUlllbpl of II(IIIIS iJl(iultiillu raiJifal1 lind olhl1 lt(11lt01111 lOllliitionllt thl cJop (II( -oil [YjlP the iJl~(((ilid( till d()~HUP thl 111111]11 01 palS thp illspdi(idl had 1gt((n ill I lip ltoiL alld 1 lit middotII()1 lOllioll 111( 1middot(t1t~ olJtaill(d dllring aJV OJ( (HI (1( dillPI(llt flOll1 tli)~l 101 -oOI1H ulll(i (HI and II ((Himiddot

(llIi1I1I 1m-d 011 1 01 WillS 1ltlIlts llIiiH Ill 11Ii-lladinu fhp (middotn((( of hPIIZPIH l1lXllcltloli(ip OJl (oha((o nlui (olhlll aJiprl

(olliltillu bl d lIri 1Ig Ih ~middotYln I plliod ~h(llp it n- 11 ppl ipltl nt 31 pOI1IHj~ Ind at ~U pOIIIHilt plllltJ pound- or DDf ppl JI(IP and tlip (Iop- W(IP pia 1I1tmiddot([ lthol( I t hlIla n(I Jo( It (IOPS WPIP PI( I) dUlllll((1 Til ltuiJ-((pHIH SPIlIlt hOWII till (oltOIl Wt not injulpd and lH(iI-P of (hI (ol1tlOl of ((lot kllOl IlPlllatodl aJld poltilJlr o(lill h111111111 -oil olwlllilll- till rhll of toJa((o ill lll as inmiddotIla~((1

11 doag(middot (if lWIIZ(IH h~xa(hlolid [(s[prJ gtnmiddot an IIIH1pirahlp (n(p (0 (ohmII) This wn lIot slllpli~illf ill yi( or J[)()Jls tliat i( (lu-pcI olr-lIaol in lt)(11 fowl (IOlb a Jl()(n(()(~ (1110(lt nnd (Ollmtoplt III otlHl studi 1) I Ill spniol alltlul hi (oo]l(Inli(11I with til( (olJl((()

illtlll~t IY folilgl appl1(u tioll- of (oxa plHlll a1-0 gilP nil IIIIII(-i Ilhll tastl 10 tltilJl(o Offmiddotfhlol r-gt II IIill froll (lIP 11-( ofill-((ti(iC(s way llt ((fwd) as tlIHipsilnhl( a- tll( lohity of tIl( 11IHIlIjnb 10 plU1ts

11 dosngls of 1(lIiPII( Ipxwhloljlh (UJ-(I] ~()Ill[ injun- to )( and oats nlthough injury fl(1JI1 thl Jiglltl1 (losiI(lt I~ not ~o ~iplt II~ [10111 ih( lwnj(ll (lmill~(s

Til (J1pml b(J)Z(ll( h(lxl1rhlolidl applnlN] to iJl(Ipaltp til( gTowth nlHI i(ld of r()w]lPlls fl(Hlch Jaij(d to lthow fill din(gtJPJlp~ III tlil JllIlIlh(IS of inR((tR ()l ofhpl )lPsts that (oult han H((Olmtpd 101 the difl)PIH(s ill lil( ~l()th and yipld of this (10]) OhsPIntloJ1 ()Il tohn((() show((1 that (hl il1pdi(iti( ((mIJOlhd til( Ioot kllot 1111111(0lt1(

rr

20 lEGHNfCAr B(TI~tETIX 1017bull 1- g DEPT OF MmrCtLlURE

11owenJ tlH YllJi(t- of (O]gt(as ~J(ln BJnhhnlll is pllltially resistshyant to ntis 11(gtlIlltolt1e llnd itis (loubtful whether its (ontTol eould acshycount Jot the ineJlased yi(middotlds

DDT eli d 1I0t SPtlll to inj u1( (ot( on H did not ea 115( SO Jl1 le11 c1amugl to toba((o liS dhl 1)(11(11( lltXtl(h loli(e The lOll-pound ((osage appl i(d ollly ill H)middott7 (a listll (h IOli Ill sylll ptOJllS i n t11(~ ioha((o plants in llJT early in tlwir gJowth hilt 111( plallt olltgJ( thelll Ill( dry wrHtll(J und thr faet that I Ill tohHtO was plalliNl soon dtlJ thl inselttieidps (J( appliNI may han hllped (III1Sl Ih(s( SYlIlptOIlIS Ih(J( WtlS SOli 1(gt (itlPIIll 1gtu I 110 dltfi II i Ie PIOO f t lIa t (h is dOSHil ilIj I Ied the lobuclo plans in lJjmiddotD NOl1l of till othlr dosages aHdrt lIP tobH((O

Fllt iIWmiddot(s 110 clalllngl to (o(I(a5 hy DDT was a ppa I(IIL (Ylll hy tlll j()()-polllld dosHg( but hy lHD all (]osagls (x((pt till W-polllld tlosa~p (t (flllHing SOlll( (lIlJllng( Th( injllJ) WlIS 1110-1 S(plC h(I( l1H lIHl-pound llosagp was appliNl in InImiddotT onl 1111(1 WhlI( thc ~lshypOllnd ltIo~agl a1gt 11IwatNl nllnudl~ Thl H)-polllld dosag( (alls((] hss illjUI than an of till olltCl DDT tlpatllHllts inlludillg tlH apshypli(atioll of 1(J pounds of nDT onI a pplio( of lHIS

11 dosaWs of DDT injllJp(l l)P nnd oat~ till 1( Iwing tltp 1l1Oll illS((pt i1) 1(

A I1UlIlhpl or ill(stiiutolS 1iI( dllllolIall(] that IH-a dosa4ls of DDT Ot hCIlllll hCXttltllIolitlp ilHOIpoIalpd in till ~()il ~i11 IWJll (PIfain (lOps IIp dosagps how(I alp not lilwlv to Ill IlSld UIlshy~BR nil p(s is H) illipOIIllil (ollollliltally thaI its sj)J(at (nllllO b( ]JPIllliited SIHIt H (as( is lx((ptiollHI and ~ltollid llot h( rOJlfusClt1 with OldillHI plant-pCst (Ol 101 ]llohllnls FlIltlllIIlIOIP otlllI IIglishy(ultulnl (IIIlidenls -lw1l as fll(ili(Is and lillH will also (au~( plant jlljUJ) if 11-(11 ill (X(psil dong(middots

~(IT snlllll doails of SOllll of 111( IllW olgturil inspl kid(middot- alt lflpdip against n llllllllwl of ills(( Plss )[()IlOPI S(Hlll pidplI((

liS olllaillPd ill this illYPstiintioll titnt bllI(ll Iwsa(ltlolitll lllll Ill hpl1Pfieial to plallt glowth alld (TOP ~illd or (OPlHS TItplpjOI( whpIl light doag(middot of tltl Jl( il1pdi(illp haY( h(pll fOllnd to h( lIIp((irp ill (oltl()llill~ a Illst without (tUlil1g a IHt1tlt IlHtI(] and tlllI( it IlO pid(IHP that tlw will (IIS( iPIjolt plant illjuJY (h(jJ IIS PlIlI- jll~t ilild TIJ(r sholll1 not 1)( (Olldllllll(d 1lHIply hlflllN h(a (Iosagls ill (ltc soil (HII~l (JIIl( ltHlltlgP to ((ItHill (II)PS

ExplJinHIlI- (1( II(gUIl Ht FIOIIJll S C ill tltt prillg or IJmiddotIT to S[lId~ Ilw (11((1 or oil HpplicHtiol1s of 1(lIzI( hpxt(hIOlidl D[)T II lid t oxapItPlJp 011 fi ( (IO]S g1O1l ill 1-( I 101 aioll Tlllia Ill( -oil tllltlll(middotltt (11 t((td ill thl(( (XIJ(Iilll(llts Iall xlHIilll(llt WHss(ttlllmiddotd with1 dillPIPIl( (IOp hut tltp-tllll olh((sioll s foll()((i Tolia((() was followltll by a Hlixtllll or oat Hilt lIst Iiall illtlI Iwas (OP(llS 11](gt S((OIHI splillgI(middot (Itt SlOlld Idl (ot(OIl (Ill thitll pJilli and Jrp (II( thild fall Lilwis( I( aftpl (oltOll was 101shym(middotd h to1gtI((O Til (lti- lIlalllI tp-t WplP 111t(h Oil nil till (IOPS (11lt11 YPH I

1)1)1 was upplil(l al 10 lIlld ~() pOI1It(I 1gt(1 n(l( lteh spling lIm1 at 40 and IO() potlllltls ill IlmiddotIT only CottOll did lIot S(PIll to 1)( ntll(tld by lIt DDT (J(alJlI(lltS Th( onl IINlillllllt that sP(lllld to aflltt

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOlL TREATMENTfi ON TOBACCO COfTON COWPEAS 21

tobacco waS the lOO-pound dosage that was applied in 10-17 only This dosage appeared to cause some chlorine injury chalacterized by glossy brittle haves in 1047 tmd to affect the yield and IHlLning qualIty in 1940 11 except the 40-poul1d dosagl~ of DDT afleded COWplUS to some extent but the(gt efl(gt((s were 110t apparent until l)1H Tl~ 100shypound (io3uge signifilantly redmNl the yield of cowpeaR in the hull in 11148 and 1((111(elt1 the stand of plant ill HHx and 10JH The wshypound dosnge did not significlntly aflPlmiddott the (owJ)eHS in any yeaI but the yield of hay and llPUR in till hllli wa les than thnt flolll the untreated cheek in H)Js ThlN annual applications of 10 Ot 20 pOUlHls PPl ael( redu(pltl tb stand and glowl of till cowpea plants The JO(J-poull(l dOSHgP 5((I1I(gt( to letlt(l the gl(Jlh of oats and Austrian winter peas Hy(l wn ulteeptihlp to injury by DDT and lwn [t total of nil POllIHl applied OWl a pEd()(l of WillS r(dll(~d ~()wth under ol11e (onditioll bull Toxa phel1e at ~II ]lOlllH P(l l1)e anllUH 1Ir wa- hs~ i njlIliotl than DDT at the same dosae

Tlclmiltal hlIlZ(llP lilxadlloli(hmiddot (ol1tnlning 1~ ]lpnlIH of gamma hont(] wn~ nppli(d HIUll1fllly llt 117 IHHul(b (gt(1 1I1lP amI at l~i Jl()ull(l~ with ~) ]gtOllIlIb of DDT III llJT IgtPIIZtIll hlXiHhlolidp wn pplipd HI-o ttt l~ pound pel 1llI( IUl(1 at -l POllll(l with l1 V()l1J1(l~ of DDT _11 thesl tl(atlllll1tmiddot aflp(middotttt tlU lIayoL or t Itt tobn(((j in 1HT the (Jill WitI in hhmiddotl ml (pt-- tl( IIlIHlp TIll )11- lind t~middot J)(Jllllll doaglmiddot p(hap(l tIll 1Uld of a Oot kLlOt-Ip-itnnt vnlilty of toiHU(O ill 1)middot~7 wl(p tlw plallt- W(I( trnn--planlld -hortly artpI tlt( ius((tilidp ltntllllllI appliP(1 In WmiddotI tlllimiddotI1 nIl (lolgl gan ~ml( lolltlOl of tIll loot kllot lltlIHlIOdl all ill llmiddotUJ a -lilttlv hidIP1 Yitll Wl ol)(uilHd frotH till plot~ thnt ha(lllmiddot((inmiddot(l Ill( 1IIIIlHmiddotit~t Io~np~ ill W+7 III 1lt7 all dOlIp 1(gt1111((1 1111 -tall of (oltoll lwo it WshyplatltPl -hott tftp thljlll(ti(id( hnd lapll npplitd hut ill l1b-(shymiddotJlllllt vIIIIS 1WIlt or til(gt 111111111(111 IUUIlIlII til( lottOll Ill bllIztJlP

lHXtHhlolid( ]i(luO( -P(1ll til illjUlP lW ~(J lItlwlt n (lid DIgtT lUlIl fol sOliii I1llkuO1 l(a oll it appptllcl toimllu-1 tlll itld or lwa- in thl hull BPllZIIH ltlxl(hloIi(l likl DDT llil lwr iidull tn [ol1owiH (orton a nuwh a it (litl IYI followillg (middotOWp(middott Thl Hnmiddottmiddott tong( of l(l1ZIIH 1IIxllltloli(lt illqmlllll l IPlh1ih oiur til ln awl otlt plllIlh ([w-inll lutill Ih 1Jmiddotmiddotf1 -(laoH

UTER TlHF CITED

dl (eOIm n l I Uf 1 It II 11 r E ImRl r n nmiddotJt WIL awl Hu~ 1

11U fnf( r of Imiddot 1 ( II ~IltfI r llH TncTll ClI n If I UIT 1lI TYlf - ( 1 Ex -11 1111 HIt II Ii iilu

121 (mnnll bull 11 II amI InlItl-o I 1 1Jo flH Iln WIHf 11 I 11 rMfiF suIL I l f II tltf TbullbullItl

(011 Ent Ja 1-1 til (~ 1 FInnbullbull YUTtJI J

Hill un( r 00 Il S OF (JIITlft IUl to -011 FIJI IIlE ntsmll UO ltIF TAr~bf nFtfU 111- (~ Bur gil HUli Phwt (11111 I~ j~j (IIIJl poundr)(ImiddotI1

laquo FIlFnR ARTnra ( Ill SllMfTLAT t~PWil fII nJn- I-gt-J( lit JOh 1 Hlt S(lll ~

Ilfptbullbull1 (il SO middot11 ppbull mus ~tl IAIIU - )h Inmn bullbull1 Ibull11bull BIIWIT T )I unl Ii) E Cl

In~O uou m (fUIlfU IS -TtIITlIl JIiR()Wllllltmiddot tIlE rml(11) lLTs SII ITS trncr ox TIn fJr 1 TlY OF flr (ntHI U ~ 1 IJII f bull A~l HPF 40 fl2imiddot (W mus

22 TECIINICALBULLETIN 1017 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(O) GItWSON T ~r nnd PoosF W 10middot1i SOI]TIIImN CORN 1t00rWOnr IS A i~Sl or lNurs OUI ECOll J~It

10 251-256 1llus (7) GmENWOOll DOUGLAS E

1H7 lIeNlmNE ImxACIHoltlUE ANIl wHumouM COXLlIOL 1otH t1c-OIl EJllt 40 724-727

(S) rONES L W llliO 1m INIlIlmlgt )OX1( Jt) SOli HIO()Il()IR~IR FulII 1111(1 llollll bull

Sei(gtllCl Utnll AgT ExpL Stu 11 W) JR--9 illl1S (0) I_AX) l( ( HTON~ ~1 V LAN(msIlm 111 1 0 IS I W 1111lt1

OllISON KJiJ 1048 srullms W1IIl 1I1lI AS A (ONI1I01 F()11 Wll1mOUlS IN lIt1tlGNfeu

lNllS- ljlO(lIl~SS IIEIOUI r~ [111 1~1lt 11111 1111 Qlllll Bshy765 D PI bullbull [PrO(CSSNl)

(10) UOltllIf H E 1111(1 DwrxGII n H 102 I1IJtIIY1O GllOlN(I (1101S (middotHREII II) lHI- IIHIIION 01 lIR~NI(middotI

(OIOIIR 10 rrm SOlI 0111 ltt illS mmiddot7k illlts (ll) Moltltso1l II 11 lWIU II B (IW~Il ~ I~ 11bull and Lllll~lnAl~gtll

lIS TIH IWImiddotmiddot(rs 01- (Itr1I1I IIW SelIL ISI(II(WJS 00 PIAmiddotrs Tour HIOIl Ent 11 171-mi

(12) OKAoI~ W lt lli-l7 UIs wITH ZEI~ InXA(IUOltlllt 10111 B(IIn Elli middot10 lmiddotmiddot

lH (J) PlgtPH nfl~middot B YIIRON (I~HTON A lind C~fIlImI bullbull OIlX (

11)17 IItN7IX~~ lJISACIIIOltllll) AXil OlHEH (O~I~ll1IflS FOlt (oorItOI cW WI1t~ WOrt~li 111SII0 10ll(lR 10UI l~~((Jtl BilL 10 77 70

1]4) KIITII 1N1II n 11lII I-ZIIbullbull ~Lltll Fl l1H7 SOlI lWU(lOIWNlSltS AllH wnXnll It SOlII- 01 lll~ NI~W lIHXIIshy

(JI)~il Soil Hel Hut Anur lrm 12 27 middotaa IlllIs (15) SNYlJ~~ltT (

lIla (1101S IU1IIIU IX It(IEII Oil II 111111-1 1I~h Rill (p 11ol ~O( lro( n ~ 4amp0-1

(Hi) 81JTI ToYl) L nnd ]~ANROX Jums 10middot10 PlInorOSHiTY 1I1l OFINtIIlrY Of- nmlIIIR Ortoo IX sou

Illt-Nr~1l I]-U J1ISE(middotrI(middotUl~S rOllt 1~(middot(Il( ]0)11( j (]4 --Gl7 Ii I middotNm(WWmiddotl~~ ( 1I0RNEll G M lUHI KtT()X ( II

lOan r1l1ltoJ)t(Tn~oEsS 01 CElIllN OtWIllW SOli AS mIIn1l 10 lgAIl I11SENITt SItY ((e~ltIAt101IS ioil S(middotI oJ 2(1~-2J1 ill liS bull

(18) WlrrrA~1 S K 1 1fJR s~rtNIlJI IN sons r H )tpt gr Y(IIIl)Wk was SiOmiddotSH

nil) WnsoNr K bullbull nud CUOCDlIllT 11 S HHG ~~FOS ()~ Illrr ON C~~IllAIN )(J(IlOlltOIOOI(AL l1l0(ISS~S JX Tit I SOlf

0111 Bcon Eltt 30 GJ7-5aH (20) ----- Ilnd (HOtUHlII H R

1DM nm tFPIWI (W mOZNI H~XA(HL_OltTJr ON SOli OUGAXI$lS lOllI Agr H(s 77 2-r-~2

(21) WIISOX Lom n 10at EVPt(TS OF (lllOltISe J1110~[In 1111 )leOUINg 011 THt~ TOIAceo lL11T bull

bull 1our gl HiS 4( R80-SUO IIus (22) Youxo H e 11Illtl (lIM 1 B

lOmiddottS sonrltlAt~nTS wnn H1Jrro (O1TuOr lin WIttI~IlINmn I~r~nI T K Hul I~nt ntHl Plant QUill )middotiiO S IP [I)nHl~s(d1

bull oorsall hy tlw ~lIperlutcnlf(flt of ()(lilIl1wutS t flOIerJuiirlt Prlntlll OJll(~

Wt~hrlltton 2~ 1)0 bull Irk~15 (~nts

EFFECT OF SOIL TREATMENTS ON fOBACCO) COTTON) COWPEAS 11

TAIILE 4-1olcrance of COHpe(ts in 1ltllD48 an(l1Q49 to inseotioides applied to the soil in the 8p)ing of 1941

Trentmiddot i fltand of Insecticide aud dosage (pounds mont plantsper acre) COWPCIlRbull

No per acre in the hull

~ __I ____

1)47-Experilliellt C h~~C8 Pglll1r1s POllnl~1

Untreated eheck bullbull __ uJ GIn 700 1)22 DDT

10_ 2 I (iG313 20 5 I 15240 middotI-In 20 bull _bullbull __ bullbull 3 I 70OSR 22 5 1Ii 880 400 40 __ middot1 i 02 Oilmiddot n 2 I 17 l0(j 53( 100 ____ bull -_ bull 5 53313 Ill 1 15OG5 nil

Brllzeilc hcxachlorid( laquo((chilimiddot cal)

Hi7 __ bull Ii i 71531 2middot1 I 17515 i i3S 833_ bull 7 73503 2middot1 G 1(i8S0 1)71 125 + DDT 25 S I li5 sla 22 n j(i ll07 (j52 50 + DDT 10 bullbull 1 71188 2middot1 (l 177S7 1middot12

TuxaphfIll 20 10 on ISS 21 S 10 SSO middot120 Dilfrrenc( r(cillirrd for sil-shy

nificancl at 5-pcl(PIII1((1 _ _ bullbull 10281 gt_ D- 2middot1(j

1)jS~-ExplIitnpnl rntrPlLtNl elHck _ 315)middot1 l 2 8 SImiddotI 12S D TYl

bull 10 ~ __ bull 2 3(1175 10 55 1000 02 bull _ 3 alll(jl llS8 OSO 40 bull middot1 3871l H531 7sa 100 t) 22 1HH fit ailmiddot1 ill I

BPIl7(IH lwxuchlnlicll llchllimiddot (all

lti7 2 (j l-IIHi) 1l 1 S lS1 1 Oil S33 7 aRt ORR 10 I 10 SIO 1131 125+ DDT 25 2 x aliliit) s~ () S Ins l71 50tmiddot DDT 10 II Ia S7ii 11 a 10 alii 057

TUXllph(IH 20 - 1012 )(jI) l il IO70l 1000 DitT(rpm rpquirNI for -il-shy

nifictlll(r al 1-pPI(pnt Ip(1 27)

lHl-middotI-llfrillwllt B lnirPlltlr1 clwck ll 21) 102 21 Hi2 DDT

10 l 2 7)3middot11 70 IllS7- 2Hi 20 I 3 )7 125 n middot1 IS 832 282 10 bullbull middot1 01500 105 21 middot112 232 100 bull bull 5S031 Ii (j 1551S 282

BllIzenl hexu(11ori(( (C(llnishy(all

(j 9-shy

bull I bull I l 100 middotIax n Ii _I) S33 __ _ bull 7 l1250 n l 201 125- DDT 25~ S 1003i5 8 2middot1 Ii 50 + DDT 10 bullbull I sa65G X7 2middot11

Toxnp1enp 20 2 _ 10 75 nOG 1 il 188 Difference reqllir(d f(H i~bull

nificmlcc ILt 5-1)(f((J t l(vll 18bull100 2 I

I Xot 1i~nificllnL n~corrlilll-( to the P lest Z Repeated alJlJIlItlly before the pritlg (rop Wit planted

12 TECHXlCAL nlLLETJN 1Omiddotl i l S DEPj OF AGH1CULlTRI~

In PltS (he h~njesl c1mmgl of ])DT (allHld HOlll( plallt (lalllagp cady lJl Ow glOlllg S(ltson 110((1]10 attlllIpt IIHS lliade to study the YHliationin tIll Hlalld ul1til thp plallts (gtIl lolllpalathply lalgl bull A count mad Oil ]llly 2) hoyltd I hat tll(middot j()()-pOlI11d (Iosag of DDT ltad L(ducNl thc slnlHl (ol1silti(lIahly (fig 1 lJJ

bull

bull IrnUiil~ l-RlIltl nml fp(lh lit (OIJ)(IlIs I On 1111 llltlputld plot n lIll II

VIol that lInd Iccllp(l DD1 [I(a [Illlut No ii

f

bull

bull

bull

BltFBCl OF SOIL lItEATMgNlS ON lOBACCO J COl1ONJ COWPEAS 13

The stand of plants on a typieal 1I11tlCatelti check plot is hown in figure 1 ct The height of tltf1 plnnts measllred on the same date showed thal this henvy dosage of DIYI was retarding plant glowth (lable ~~)

Tlule was no significant difference bebrNB YllriOI1S treatments for the yieW of ]1IIY although the plots i1mt Je((~i(~ll the ]Itltviesi dosage of DDT yieldecl considerably less thnn Illly othel plots The highest YJelcl of pens was from plots lccliving the ABa-1)Olllld dosnge of benshyene hexllchlolidp and tllis yield was significantly gr(gtntel than that fo( pithe) of tllp holHHilst c1Ofmg(s n DDT

RESULTS I 1949

In lVclV many plants diNl Oil nil tLlnt(d plots as tlw SlIlS0It 110-gTPSS((l By Tuly 2V the 20-pollnd llosag(1 01 DDT lppeatNt arlllunlly and the lOO-pound dosagl appl itd on I j 11 1)47 had signi ficllIltly lpdu((gtcl the stand (tahle ~~) I-hgtight 1lHIISlIl(nHgtnb s11oplt1 Ihat (h(se DDT tl(gtatllllllts had sllI11 tNl t11(gt plants

D(gtspilt fht diilelento nolNl in th( stand and g]owlll of Ille pells I(cliving Ihe ll1iolls [Iealll1(n(s 111(((gt WtlH no signifhnt diffcleur( iII the yield ot hny 01 pttH ill Ule ]I lIll Th is nppnlPllt diil(le1l((gt brtlll(gt11 (naIl1(lIts hiell could 1101 be jllOVgt(1 snlistkally mw hnw resulted flol11 too fplI llPIICutpS 1)(gt1 trCa[lIlent

COTTON

PHOCI~D1JHg

In 1()17 CoktLs Yilt Jon variCty of (OltOIl WlIS planted Oil May Dj ill H)middotJ8 and 1Mn SPlllnml 5~2 was plallted Oil pliI 27 and 10 leshyspcdiYll YlleJ1 Ih(gt plantH 1(1(gt lip to It good stuld oiJsPIntiolls WPI( mnch at llNlupnt iI(gtIllIs to ltlltplll1illl till lnpl of III( 11(gt(1shyJlllllts on plan 811Iin] lIlld lowth

Ill(gt -nnd was ((t(Inlinell by (ollntinp tlH plants 011 II piYl1l lpllpth () l IOW Pll plol ((tell spaSOll

Th(gt boll pe11 illf(satioll lUS aSlPItainlltllJy pxnmining lOll sqllallS IHL plot a[ aPP1oxilllalllr 2-llk intpluhi [hlOllgllollt he lHSOll ObS(gtIVlltiollH (gtIe lIladp (H(ll S(asoll on yaliollH ot11tI (ottOIl illHPds that llligh 111( aninfluPIl(e on the I(stllui ohtailled

Growth studil were made by 1l11astlling tlllt heigllt of tllt plnntf bllt IheH( l(gt(ol(lH arc omitted as tlHl( w(re 10 (Ol1sisCllt tlifflIelw(s Hssoeinte( ith the soil I((atlmnts Howevpl there wap l t(ndency ill tD47 for the pltllfg tf) grow highlIin plots whplp the stllnd had been S((1(ly l((hl~pd hy til(gt oj I t Ipat 111(11 ti

CottOJl yields (1( [nlll1 hut 11HY el(in low owing to boll w(eyil da mape alid soi 1l(()l1sist(n t tba t 11HY (gt1( inaliNIlUl te for eld uati np tl1( trtflil1leIltH III tIl(gt UlltlPlltld ploti tIl nlit(l JlOlIl )00 pouncls of Heed (otton ill HlJH [0 -)() pOllnds in 1nmiddot~l Ills(I(titi(ips (1( not tlpplie(] to (11( (oHOII foliage 101 boll (l~il (0111101 Ipst I1Il expcrishy1II1ntnl tl(llhllll1tS bp upset

The ef)eel of the soil hentlll(nti on th( slallds of plallts fot tll( I hrle (gta 1S iH shown in blb1e tgt

r l~ ~ECHNICAL BULLETIN 1047 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

~ l TABLE 5-10ZeJa110e 0 rotton to insecticide8 alJpliecl vo the soil in

the spring of 1[)17 as tndicated by the number 0 7)lants in 218 feetI 010W _----

Insecticides and dosage Treabncnt 1047 1048 1919(pounds pel acre) No bull Untreated chec____ __ _ 6lt10 1065 323 DDT

10 1 2 553 820 280 __ -------__----------- shy20 1__________ __ __ -- ----- 3 650 997 23740 _____________________ 4 594 ]020 305100 ________________________ (j 632 1 057 256

Benzene hexach loridt (technishycal) 167 1_______ bull _______________ 6 610 I 082 308833________________________ 7 98 117H 318

125 + DDT 25 1___________ 8 550 1 OlD 276 50 + DDT 10 _______________ g 4(j) 1030 304

Toxaphene 20 1___________ _____ ]0 i31O 1 D5ll 247 Difference required for signif- I

icance at 5-porcent leveL __ 1_ - ----- - -I I 71 (2) (2) I

I Repeated annually before planting 2 Not significant according to the ]i test

RESULTS IN 1947

In 1947 tIle seed was planted 1 (by after insecticide applications were made It germinated well and at first the plant stand was unishyforl11 In the plols treated with 833 pOLll1Cls of benzene hexachloride llOwever R5 perctl1t oJ the young plants eliell 111ere also were reshy bulldndions in the staml for two other benzene lllxachlolitle tlcatments lind for the lowlst dosage of DDT (tnble 0)

The plants that sUlTivec1 did not seem to be affected by the treatshyments Even so smvjyolS of the 838-pound dosage of benzene hexashychloride (treatment No7) averaged 30 inclles in height Oil Jllly in whereas the plants for the other treatments ranged from ~H to 26 inches This diffelcnce in growth was probably due to less competishytion where there WCle fewer plants The yields varied from 112 pounds of seed cotton pel acre for the No7 treatment with benzene hexachloride to 500 pounds for the No8 treatment An the yields were reduced by boll weevil damage Although the yield differences were within the limits of experimental errol there was t tendency for lower yields where there was a poor stand of plants

HESULTS IN 1948

In 1948 the weather vas favorable fol seed germillatioll the st~lIHl of cotton plants was good and thcle a~ 110 evidltllce of damage from bull any of the treatments The height of plants on July H Yflied between 23 and 27 inches The yields varied between 462 and 562 pounds of seecl cotton pel aCre Neither the plant l)cight nol the yield seemed to be associated with the treatment

IF

EFFECT OF SOIL TREAfMEoNfS ON TOBACCO CO~rTONJ COWPJlAS 15

RESULTS IN 1949

In 1949 there was a poor stand of cotton owing to adverse weather

bull However the stand was fairly uniform and there was no evidence of any dunage from the insecticide treatments The height of the plants on July V was uniform-ootween Hi and 18 inches Ul1favorable weather throughout the gLowing season and damage by the boll weevil resulted in extremely low ywlds--50 to 88 pounds of seed cotton per acre

WINTER COVER CROPS

PROCEDURE

Rye [Uldlt mixture of oats and Austrian winter peas were grown as cover crops each year The Abruzzi vIlriety of rye Cokers Victor Grain oats and Dixie Vondel Austrian winter peas were used rhe rye was planted as a sepamte crop whereas the oats and winter peas were mixed before being plantecl These crops were planted by means of a grain chill

RESULTS IN 1948

bull

Owing to an ullusual1y rainy fall in 1047 it waS not possible to plant the cover crops until December For this reason the growth was poor and no effort was made to obtain samples However by 11arch 1948 the rye and oats had been damaged by the two heavy dosages of benzene hexachloride and the 100-pound dosage of DDT The stand of the Austrian winter peas was poor and it was not possible to make a reliable estimate of the effect of the insecticides on these plants

RESULTS IN ] 949

The 194D crops were planted on Novcmber 12 1D48 [lnd sampled for comparative yields on the following March 11 The stand of Austrian winter peas waS poor cOllsequently it was not possible to make separate estimatcs or to take separate samples of this crop However for comparatiyc yiplcls oJ each of the three experiments five similarly located samples of foliage were taken from each plot Each sample consisted of the foliage irom 8 feet of row

bull

Table ( shows tllat the insecticides ewsccl more injury to the rye than to the oats and Austlitlll wintel pens and that the effect on the rye was quite differcnt after eaeh crop T~le severest injury occurred where rye foHowed tobacco ancl cowpeas ll1 the rotation and where the soil type witS of It Bght sand 1he cowpeas were removed fIom the plots before the rye was planted (experiment A) and this reducshytion in organic matter may have influcnced the results HOwever subsequent York has indicated that the soU type was also an imporshytant factor Where rye followed cotton in the rotation and the cotton was plowed under before the Covel crop was planted (experi-middot ment C) the damage ras much less noticeable 11Owever the soil where this experiment was located is heavier than that where experishyment A was located In the experiment where the severest injl1ly occurred (experiment A) the three hewiest dosages of DDT md the heaviest dosage of benzene hexachloride injured the plnnts

16 ~ECHNrcAL BFLLETIN lOliJ U S DEPT OF AGlUCUJJTUHE

TABlE (i-Tolemllce of (o)ej (IOPS dlllillj the win tel of I[)~8-4) to inyecticides ((pplied to the 80il in the splillj of 1947 Wi indircdcd by the weight of l)lallts illcludinrl oots in 1M jlft of (hm IOU

Experi- I Experi- Bxperishylllellt A Illent B ment C bull

TrcatshyInsecticidcs (pounds per acrltl mcnt 0 llylt folshy Oats and ]lyc folshylowing winter lowing

I cowpea pens collon

---~-- 1--- Pounds POIllels Pounds

Untrcatltd cl1(ck _1 118 5 3 10 J DDT

10 1 _______ bull - I 2 103 1 3 10720 i __ __ _ _ ___ _ I 73 G 2 g 040 ________ 1 55 42 11 I

-100 1 ) 32 3 () 6 0 Benzene hcxachlori(h (technical)167 1bullbull _____ bull ___________ _ o U 2 3 8 10 middotl

833____ __ __ _ I 7 0 ] 3 (j 7 ) 125 + DDT 25 1_ _ S 71 1 2 11 1 50 + DDT 10- __ U 6 n 1 2 n (j

Toxaphene 20 1 ___ 10 8 5 a 8 127 Difference required for Rirlifmiddot

ieallee at 5-percenL le(middot1 --- -_ I 3 7 3 (j

1 Rcpcatcclallnllally before thc spring crops werc plauted 1 Xot significant according to the F test

bull

bullFIGtJllE 2-Stllnd fint growth oC ry( in (xl)(rilll(ut A ill 1Hl 1 On IU 1111shytreated plot II 011 II plot ghPl1 DIYI t1cnl11IlI1 No e 011 t plot g-h(1l benzcnchcxllchlorid( irelltment No7 iJ 011 It plot ghPII tOXlIllhlIll tleatmPlIl No 10

FFE(T OF mL TIUT~ ET- 0- TOBC(O (OTTOS COWPEMi 17

-OIllP ppct- (J I- t h( i Il(ctilidl- Oil tIll IP nt( ill 11( In Itd ]y a (Olll shyjlHliOll or ~ullplp- flOIll th llli I(atpd (In(k (fi~~bull 11 ith Ullplls JIomplotsl((piYtllgthp 111l)pmIlHI doal 01 1)1)1 (fi~~1J1 and tIll

bull -~J)(IIIIl(l dougl or 11(11l7P)Il hlxHlltlo)idl (fi~ 2 (J Ill ~llpOllld dOSH( or IOXlpltllIl t Ii ~l)l did 1Iot ildfknlllly Ipdwl I Ill yh-Id dtltoll1t till [owtlt or (it 11 Wll- ttllIId (Ii ll 111 (]I(llishyIlltllt ( Ollhmiddot til( 1IlIipt dOHI or nllT lI111l or 1)(11I7lI](1 1w1shy(middothlOli([(middot hatllll l d 111( IYP plallt tIPIP Olt- alld II~tliltl11 ill(pI

IHI 1111( IHmiddotd II I (()Pl (IOP tIX[JlliIlHll1t HI lIP yi(ltd rot nIl

bull

bull I 5 7 10 FIiI~It~ ntnplmiddot Ill pIHIlt- ittlltlllill~ It frlllll VillI trllll (flPIi1IH1I1 or

tJp rt~ Plitmiddot in IHIU rpnIHI lft~atItH1HI t bull 1 Hud Itl

18 rECE-INICAL BtJLLETIN 1047 1 S DEPT OF AGlUCULlURE

treated plots was lowel than for the rhCCk but the ditTelCIJ(C was not statistically significant In this connection the soil where this exshypetimCnt was lorated is somewhat hCaiCl tlmn that JOl lxpeliment A but lightCr than tllllt fOr Cxpllill1Cnt C Praetically CClY plot that had been treatel with the beaviest dost1r(gt of benzene hexnchlolide conl(l be loratNl by the lrddish color of the plants

RESULlS J 1950

Thl toyer (rops WPle plnntNl 011 O(toil(t 27 IfJ-~l hut the stand of plallt~ was so pOOl thry were plantCltlngllin 011 NO(lllhll 11 Nille sltllJples welC takpn flom loeat iolls ill Caell plot fot yiCIlt1 brtwPln MaLch 11 and 2~ Eueh sample eomistrd or the yirhl from a 4-SqllHlP-Joot alCll Owing to the v(Itintirlll in the stand of winh1 1 pens and oats in YariOllS P11t of the fiCllt] it wa~ not possiblr to obtain an t(ematp estimate of theil yicl1s howCYPI) the Y1P1lt1 otlyt in rxpClimPllts A ancl B was studied (table 7)

In CxPtilll(llt A hl( )e followed (otton thC plot in which the lOo-pound rnte of DDT was appliC(l ill 1047 J)lodue((l tIC ]olRI yield The higl10st Yirld IIOm tLlIyinsrrtieidr hentlllCnt waS flOIll thC LO-pound dmmg( of DDI rqipliNl annually This yirld Wfl~ signifieantly hidH1 thnn that flol11 ])])1 applipcl al 20 pounds anshynually 01 nt 40 01 ](10 pOlllHls in Illmiddot17 only n ws also sig-nificantly hig-hpl than fhl yielltl flolll tlll plots lNlking bll1Zll1P Iwx(J(hlolilt1p at HI7 pOlmlt1s P(t (C annnally or at R~3 pounds IWI a(Il in HH7 only

IIILImiddot 7-Tot J((J([ oj (O( I mls dl(itt1 Iii lIil1r I 0 ItfJmiddotO 0 inR((li(id(~ 1111llilll to tIll wi ill till NIJinl 0 IfJff wlt illtlh(dul 1111 flu ( hIlt 0 Jlftwls ilrllidillff (lois Oil In WlO1 it It

EX[lrinHllt Explrin1ul A B

Tnmiddotltl nHnt Xo

H 1( follu- HI [ fallnwshyiil (lt1[101 illl (OlPlllgt

111111 I IItwdsIll rllt[d (llIIk 2l 1 -103DDT

10 I 2 21 0 25 62() J a 21 R 11 middot10 I la I 35 ~ JOO gt la2 2( l

BIII7(middotII(middot lllxllthlori( ~ 1 [(lwj[11I ~ lIL7 I () InO 22 I 833 7 In7 I(t 7 125 ()UT2iil x 17 middot1 253 50 bull DDT 10 I 20 a 20 3

JoxIlph(H( 20 I 10 I1I a 10 0 DifrPf(w( nmiddotqllinmiddot(1 for ~hliifi(un((

ItI 1-rWrl(l t 11 pi ~t f) S8

bull

bull

bull

r

KFFI~CT Oh SOIL TIH~ATlIENTS OX ronAeCO COTTON) COWPEAS 19

YhclC lYC Io]owtd (OWPtlIS in the Iotalioll PXPlIillltlll n) the seVercst injury O((IIlTPd in plo(~ tl(utt(I with I) POllIHh of LWl1zlne

bull

bull

bull

hlxfiehlodd(gt ill 10H olllr HIH1 willi () pOIIJHIgt of DDT anlluall) The yi(kls JrOf)l all tl(ntmtlll (lX(tpt lht middotJ()pollIHl closagl of nUT apshyplitd intl-IT ollly W(lP sipllifi(Hntly I(ss lwn tIl( 1IIItl(at(ltI (hcck

TIIP inPtiehlps WPIP iJll()Ipolatpl ill (il( -oil HI as to tlst in as ~hOlt u ppliod as possiblp dosags (olllpn Ialll to )psidllPS t ha t III ig-ht (gtYPIII 11 uII) builtl up ill PIH ie JloWl (1 it is dOl rn1 whpUHl (hI H((Ulllulntiolls tllnt wltlull1 I(slli floUl nOlllial applicalion of the illp(tici(1ps to foiiaw wOlllrllll (olllpalnlll to til( high (Josag-l llsll(1 l[Ol of Olll ins(gt(t I)(Slt HIt (OIlIIOllPlt1 hy folial appli(Htionllt oj inmiddot llaquo(tiPicp S(lllll of hillI is dOllhtlp In thlolluh lipan IHillS and wind lIHl til(IPloll 11((1 1)((0111( ilHolpolu(ldiJlIO II( -oil

Lk of faeilil iP1 ntHdp jt lI((l1ltHI~ to lilllit thl 111I1ll](I of Ippli(alp to foUl This b 1IllfOltllllatl a- (hp (XPlIiIllPllta1 PIIOI HS IIII P ~OIlH of till (lilfplPIl((gtlt althoug-h within till liuIis or lXIHIilllllltd (1101 WPlP so iall tllrtt (he (otlJ(l not 1)( iU-1l0Ipd and tiw wpre tllPlpfOlp (ollsirhI(ci ill tlip illplpl(tntioJl of Ihp l(sldlfl

Toxaphplp at til(middot Ia(p lI-pcl Wllt h- (oxi( to IIll (IOPS s(udipd than nDT or h(lIz(lll iHXl(hioliltil HowlnI til( WpOllllll d()sa~( IP wrttld for 1ypal hOWld (idpllep ol l)(Iin (Oxi( (0 plaa

It npl)(tt that til(gt (Ifllt of DIYI and bPIl7PIH lllxHchlolidl 011 the (IOps -tlldil(l W(1( (l(i[HIHj(ll( lIj)OIl n llUlllbpl of II(IIIIS iJl(iultiillu raiJifal1 lind olhl1 lt(11lt01111 lOllliitionllt thl cJop (II( -oil [YjlP the iJl~(((ilid( till d()~HUP thl 111111]11 01 palS thp illspdi(idl had 1gt((n ill I lip ltoiL alld 1 lit middotII()1 lOllioll 111( 1middot(t1t~ olJtaill(d dllring aJV OJ( (HI (1( dillPI(llt flOll1 tli)~l 101 -oOI1H ulll(i (HI and II ((Himiddot

(llIi1I1I 1m-d 011 1 01 WillS 1ltlIlts llIiiH Ill 11Ii-lladinu fhp (middotn((( of hPIIZPIH l1lXllcltloli(ip OJl (oha((o nlui (olhlll aJiprl

(olliltillu bl d lIri 1Ig Ih ~middotYln I plliod ~h(llp it n- 11 ppl ipltl nt 31 pOI1IHj~ Ind at ~U pOIIIHilt plllltJ pound- or DDf ppl JI(IP and tlip (Iop- W(IP pia 1I1tmiddot([ lthol( I t hlIla n(I Jo( It (IOPS WPIP PI( I) dUlllll((1 Til ltuiJ-((pHIH SPIlIlt hOWII till (oltOIl Wt not injulpd and lH(iI-P of (hI (ol1tlOl of ((lot kllOl IlPlllatodl aJld poltilJlr o(lill h111111111 -oil olwlllilll- till rhll of toJa((o ill lll as inmiddotIla~((1

11 doag(middot (if lWIIZ(IH h~xa(hlolid [(s[prJ gtnmiddot an IIIH1pirahlp (n(p (0 (ohmII) This wn lIot slllpli~illf ill yi( or J[)()Jls tliat i( (lu-pcI olr-lIaol in lt)(11 fowl (IOlb a Jl()(n(()(~ (1110(lt nnd (Ollmtoplt III otlHl studi 1) I Ill spniol alltlul hi (oo]l(Inli(11I with til( (olJl((()

illtlll~t IY folilgl appl1(u tioll- of (oxa plHlll a1-0 gilP nil IIIIII(-i Ilhll tastl 10 tltilJl(o Offmiddotfhlol r-gt II IIill froll (lIP 11-( ofill-((ti(iC(s way llt ((fwd) as tlIHipsilnhl( a- tll( lohity of tIl( 11IHIlIjnb 10 plU1ts

11 dosngls of 1(lIiPII( Ipxwhloljlh (UJ-(I] ~()Ill[ injun- to )( and oats nlthough injury fl(1JI1 thl Jiglltl1 (losiI(lt I~ not ~o ~iplt II~ [10111 ih( lwnj(ll (lmill~(s

Til (J1pml b(J)Z(ll( h(lxl1rhlolidl applnlN] to iJl(Ipaltp til( gTowth nlHI i(ld of r()w]lPlls fl(Hlch Jaij(d to lthow fill din(gtJPJlp~ III tlil JllIlIlh(IS of inR((tR ()l ofhpl )lPsts that (oult han H((Olmtpd 101 the difl)PIH(s ill lil( ~l()th and yipld of this (10]) OhsPIntloJ1 ()Il tohn((() show((1 that (hl il1pdi(iti( ((mIJOlhd til( Ioot kllot 1111111(0lt1(

rr

20 lEGHNfCAr B(TI~tETIX 1017bull 1- g DEPT OF MmrCtLlURE

11owenJ tlH YllJi(t- of (O]gt(as ~J(ln BJnhhnlll is pllltially resistshyant to ntis 11(gtlIlltolt1e llnd itis (loubtful whether its (ontTol eould acshycount Jot the ineJlased yi(middotlds

DDT eli d 1I0t SPtlll to inj u1( (ot( on H did not ea 115( SO Jl1 le11 c1amugl to toba((o liS dhl 1)(11(11( lltXtl(h loli(e The lOll-pound ((osage appl i(d ollly ill H)middott7 (a listll (h IOli Ill sylll ptOJllS i n t11(~ ioha((o plants in llJT early in tlwir gJowth hilt 111( plallt olltgJ( thelll Ill( dry wrHtll(J und thr faet that I Ill tohHtO was plalliNl soon dtlJ thl inselttieidps (J( appliNI may han hllped (III1Sl Ih(s( SYlIlptOIlIS Ih(J( WtlS SOli 1(gt (itlPIIll 1gtu I 110 dltfi II i Ie PIOO f t lIa t (h is dOSHil ilIj I Ied the lobuclo plans in lJjmiddotD NOl1l of till othlr dosages aHdrt lIP tobH((O

Fllt iIWmiddot(s 110 clalllngl to (o(I(a5 hy DDT was a ppa I(IIL (Ylll hy tlll j()()-polllld dosHg( but hy lHD all (]osagls (x((pt till W-polllld tlosa~p (t (flllHing SOlll( (lIlJllng( Th( injllJ) WlIS 1110-1 S(plC h(I( l1H lIHl-pound llosagp was appliNl in InImiddotT onl 1111(1 WhlI( thc ~lshypOllnd ltIo~agl a1gt 11IwatNl nllnudl~ Thl H)-polllld dosag( (alls((] hss illjUI than an of till olltCl DDT tlpatllHllts inlludillg tlH apshypli(atioll of 1(J pounds of nDT onI a pplio( of lHIS

11 dosaWs of DDT injllJp(l l)P nnd oat~ till 1( Iwing tltp 1l1Oll illS((pt i1) 1(

A I1UlIlhpl or ill(stiiutolS 1iI( dllllolIall(] that IH-a dosa4ls of DDT Ot hCIlllll hCXttltllIolitlp ilHOIpoIalpd in till ~()il ~i11 IWJll (PIfain (lOps IIp dosagps how(I alp not lilwlv to Ill IlSld UIlshy~BR nil p(s is H) illipOIIllil (ollollliltally thaI its sj)J(at (nllllO b( ]JPIllliited SIHIt H (as( is lx((ptiollHI and ~ltollid llot h( rOJlfusClt1 with OldillHI plant-pCst (Ol 101 ]llohllnls FlIltlllIIlIOIP otlllI IIglishy(ultulnl (IIIlidenls -lw1l as fll(ili(Is and lillH will also (au~( plant jlljUJ) if 11-(11 ill (X(psil dong(middots

~(IT snlllll doails of SOllll of 111( IllW olgturil inspl kid(middot- alt lflpdip against n llllllllwl of ills(( Plss )[()IlOPI S(Hlll pidplI((

liS olllaillPd ill this illYPstiintioll titnt bllI(ll Iwsa(ltlolitll lllll Ill hpl1Pfieial to plallt glowth alld (TOP ~illd or (OPlHS TItplpjOI( whpIl light doag(middot of tltl Jl( il1pdi(illp haY( h(pll fOllnd to h( lIIp((irp ill (oltl()llill~ a Illst without (tUlil1g a IHt1tlt IlHtI(] and tlllI( it IlO pid(IHP that tlw will (IIS( iPIjolt plant illjuJY (h(jJ IIS PlIlI- jll~t ilild TIJ(r sholll1 not 1)( (Olldllllll(d 1lHIply hlflllN h(a (Iosagls ill (ltc soil (HII~l (JIIl( ltHlltlgP to ((ItHill (II)PS

ExplJinHIlI- (1( II(gUIl Ht FIOIIJll S C ill tltt prillg or IJmiddotIT to S[lId~ Ilw (11((1 or oil HpplicHtiol1s of 1(lIzI( hpxt(hIOlidl D[)T II lid t oxapItPlJp 011 fi ( (IO]S g1O1l ill 1-( I 101 aioll Tlllia Ill( -oil tllltlll(middotltt (11 t((td ill thl(( (XIJ(Iilll(llts Iall xlHIilll(llt WHss(ttlllmiddotd with1 dillPIPIl( (IOp hut tltp-tllll olh((sioll s foll()((i Tolia((() was followltll by a Hlixtllll or oat Hilt lIst Iiall illtlI Iwas (OP(llS 11](gt S((OIHI splillgI(middot (Itt SlOlld Idl (ot(OIl (Ill thitll pJilli and Jrp (II( thild fall Lilwis( I( aftpl (oltOll was 101shym(middotd h to1gtI((O Til (lti- lIlalllI tp-t WplP 111t(h Oil nil till (IOPS (11lt11 YPH I

1)1)1 was upplil(l al 10 lIlld ~() pOI1It(I 1gt(1 n(l( lteh spling lIm1 at 40 and IO() potlllltls ill IlmiddotIT only CottOll did lIot S(PIll to 1)( ntll(tld by lIt DDT (J(alJlI(lltS Th( onl IINlillllllt that sP(lllld to aflltt

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOlL TREATMENTfi ON TOBACCO COfTON COWPEAS 21

tobacco waS the lOO-pound dosage that was applied in 10-17 only This dosage appeared to cause some chlorine injury chalacterized by glossy brittle haves in 1047 tmd to affect the yield and IHlLning qualIty in 1940 11 except the 40-poul1d dosagl~ of DDT afleded COWplUS to some extent but the(gt efl(gt((s were 110t apparent until l)1H Tl~ 100shypound (io3uge signifilantly redmNl the yield of cowpeaR in the hull in 11148 and 1((111(elt1 the stand of plant ill HHx and 10JH The wshypound dosnge did not significlntly aflPlmiddott the (owJ)eHS in any yeaI but the yield of hay and llPUR in till hllli wa les than thnt flolll the untreated cheek in H)Js ThlN annual applications of 10 Ot 20 pOUlHls PPl ael( redu(pltl tb stand and glowl of till cowpea plants The JO(J-poull(l dOSHgP 5((I1I(gt( to letlt(l the gl(Jlh of oats and Austrian winter peas Hy(l wn ulteeptihlp to injury by DDT and lwn [t total of nil POllIHl applied OWl a pEd()(l of WillS r(dll(~d ~()wth under ol11e (onditioll bull Toxa phel1e at ~II ]lOlllH P(l l1)e anllUH 1Ir wa- hs~ i njlIliotl than DDT at the same dosae

Tlclmiltal hlIlZ(llP lilxadlloli(hmiddot (ol1tnlning 1~ ]lpnlIH of gamma hont(] wn~ nppli(d HIUll1fllly llt 117 IHHul(b (gt(1 1I1lP amI at l~i Jl()ull(l~ with ~) ]gtOllIlIb of DDT III llJT IgtPIIZtIll hlXiHhlolidp wn pplipd HI-o ttt l~ pound pel 1llI( IUl(1 at -l POllll(l with l1 V()l1J1(l~ of DDT _11 thesl tl(atlllll1tmiddot aflp(middotttt tlU lIayoL or t Itt tobn(((j in 1HT the (Jill WitI in hhmiddotl ml (pt-- tl( IIlIHlp TIll )11- lind t~middot J)(Jllllll doaglmiddot p(hap(l tIll 1Uld of a Oot kLlOt-Ip-itnnt vnlilty of toiHU(O ill 1)middot~7 wl(p tlw plallt- W(I( trnn--planlld -hortly artpI tlt( ius((tilidp ltntllllllI appliP(1 In WmiddotI tlllimiddotI1 nIl (lolgl gan ~ml( lolltlOl of tIll loot kllot lltlIHlIOdl all ill llmiddotUJ a -lilttlv hidIP1 Yitll Wl ol)(uilHd frotH till plot~ thnt ha(lllmiddot((inmiddot(l Ill( 1IIIIlHmiddotit~t Io~np~ ill W+7 III 1lt7 all dOlIp 1(gt1111((1 1111 -tall of (oltoll lwo it WshyplatltPl -hott tftp thljlll(ti(id( hnd lapll npplitd hut ill l1b-(shymiddotJlllllt vIIIIS 1WIlt or til(gt 111111111(111 IUUIlIlII til( lottOll Ill bllIztJlP

lHXtHhlolid( ]i(luO( -P(1ll til illjUlP lW ~(J lItlwlt n (lid DIgtT lUlIl fol sOliii I1llkuO1 l(a oll it appptllcl toimllu-1 tlll itld or lwa- in thl hull BPllZIIH ltlxl(hloIi(l likl DDT llil lwr iidull tn [ol1owiH (orton a nuwh a it (litl IYI followillg (middotOWp(middott Thl Hnmiddottmiddott tong( of l(l1ZIIH 1IIxllltloli(lt illqmlllll l IPlh1ih oiur til ln awl otlt plllIlh ([w-inll lutill Ih 1Jmiddotmiddotf1 -(laoH

UTER TlHF CITED

dl (eOIm n l I Uf 1 It II 11 r E ImRl r n nmiddotJt WIL awl Hu~ 1

11U fnf( r of Imiddot 1 ( II ~IltfI r llH TncTll ClI n If I UIT 1lI TYlf - ( 1 Ex -11 1111 HIt II Ii iilu

121 (mnnll bull 11 II amI InlItl-o I 1 1Jo flH Iln WIHf 11 I 11 rMfiF suIL I l f II tltf TbullbullItl

(011 Ent Ja 1-1 til (~ 1 FInnbullbull YUTtJI J

Hill un( r 00 Il S OF (JIITlft IUl to -011 FIJI IIlE ntsmll UO ltIF TAr~bf nFtfU 111- (~ Bur gil HUli Phwt (11111 I~ j~j (IIIJl poundr)(ImiddotI1

laquo FIlFnR ARTnra ( Ill SllMfTLAT t~PWil fII nJn- I-gt-J( lit JOh 1 Hlt S(lll ~

Ilfptbullbull1 (il SO middot11 ppbull mus ~tl IAIIU - )h Inmn bullbull1 Ibull11bull BIIWIT T )I unl Ii) E Cl

In~O uou m (fUIlfU IS -TtIITlIl JIiR()Wllllltmiddot tIlE rml(11) lLTs SII ITS trncr ox TIn fJr 1 TlY OF flr (ntHI U ~ 1 IJII f bull A~l HPF 40 fl2imiddot (W mus

22 TECIINICALBULLETIN 1017 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(O) GItWSON T ~r nnd PoosF W 10middot1i SOI]TIIImN CORN 1t00rWOnr IS A i~Sl or lNurs OUI ECOll J~It

10 251-256 1llus (7) GmENWOOll DOUGLAS E

1H7 lIeNlmNE ImxACIHoltlUE ANIl wHumouM COXLlIOL 1otH t1c-OIl EJllt 40 724-727

(S) rONES L W llliO 1m INIlIlmlgt )OX1( Jt) SOli HIO()Il()IR~IR FulII 1111(1 llollll bull

Sei(gtllCl Utnll AgT ExpL Stu 11 W) JR--9 illl1S (0) I_AX) l( ( HTON~ ~1 V LAN(msIlm 111 1 0 IS I W 1111lt1

OllISON KJiJ 1048 srullms W1IIl 1I1lI AS A (ONI1I01 F()11 Wll1mOUlS IN lIt1tlGNfeu

lNllS- ljlO(lIl~SS IIEIOUI r~ [111 1~1lt 11111 1111 Qlllll Bshy765 D PI bullbull [PrO(CSSNl)

(10) UOltllIf H E 1111(1 DwrxGII n H 102 I1IJtIIY1O GllOlN(I (1101S (middotHREII II) lHI- IIHIIION 01 lIR~NI(middotI

(OIOIIR 10 rrm SOlI 0111 ltt illS mmiddot7k illlts (ll) Moltltso1l II 11 lWIU II B (IW~Il ~ I~ 11bull and Lllll~lnAl~gtll

lIS TIH IWImiddotmiddot(rs 01- (Itr1I1I IIW SelIL ISI(II(WJS 00 PIAmiddotrs Tour HIOIl Ent 11 171-mi

(12) OKAoI~ W lt lli-l7 UIs wITH ZEI~ InXA(IUOltlllt 10111 B(IIn Elli middot10 lmiddotmiddot

lH (J) PlgtPH nfl~middot B YIIRON (I~HTON A lind C~fIlImI bullbull OIlX (

11)17 IItN7IX~~ lJISACIIIOltllll) AXil OlHEH (O~I~ll1IflS FOlt (oorItOI cW WI1t~ WOrt~li 111SII0 10ll(lR 10UI l~~((Jtl BilL 10 77 70

1]4) KIITII 1N1II n 11lII I-ZIIbullbull ~Lltll Fl l1H7 SOlI lWU(lOIWNlSltS AllH wnXnll It SOlII- 01 lll~ NI~W lIHXIIshy

(JI)~il Soil Hel Hut Anur lrm 12 27 middotaa IlllIs (15) SNYlJ~~ltT (

lIla (1101S IU1IIIU IX It(IEII Oil II 111111-1 1I~h Rill (p 11ol ~O( lro( n ~ 4amp0-1

(Hi) 81JTI ToYl) L nnd ]~ANROX Jums 10middot10 PlInorOSHiTY 1I1l OFINtIIlrY Of- nmlIIIR Ortoo IX sou

Illt-Nr~1l I]-U J1ISE(middotrI(middotUl~S rOllt 1~(middot(Il( ]0)11( j (]4 --Gl7 Ii I middotNm(WWmiddotl~~ ( 1I0RNEll G M lUHI KtT()X ( II

lOan r1l1ltoJ)t(Tn~oEsS 01 CElIllN OtWIllW SOli AS mIIn1l 10 lgAIl I11SENITt SItY ((e~ltIAt101IS ioil S(middotI oJ 2(1~-2J1 ill liS bull

(18) WlrrrA~1 S K 1 1fJR s~rtNIlJI IN sons r H )tpt gr Y(IIIl)Wk was SiOmiddotSH

nil) WnsoNr K bullbull nud CUOCDlIllT 11 S HHG ~~FOS ()~ Illrr ON C~~IllAIN )(J(IlOlltOIOOI(AL l1l0(ISS~S JX Tit I SOlf

0111 Bcon Eltt 30 GJ7-5aH (20) ----- Ilnd (HOtUHlII H R

1DM nm tFPIWI (W mOZNI H~XA(HL_OltTJr ON SOli OUGAXI$lS lOllI Agr H(s 77 2-r-~2

(21) WIISOX Lom n 10at EVPt(TS OF (lllOltISe J1110~[In 1111 )leOUINg 011 THt~ TOIAceo lL11T bull

bull 1our gl HiS 4( R80-SUO IIus (22) Youxo H e 11Illtl (lIM 1 B

lOmiddottS sonrltlAt~nTS wnn H1Jrro (O1TuOr lin WIttI~IlINmn I~r~nI T K Hul I~nt ntHl Plant QUill )middotiiO S IP [I)nHl~s(d1

bull oorsall hy tlw ~lIperlutcnlf(flt of ()(lilIl1wutS t flOIerJuiirlt Prlntlll OJll(~

Wt~hrlltton 2~ 1)0 bull Irk~15 (~nts

12 TECHXlCAL nlLLETJN 1Omiddotl i l S DEPj OF AGH1CULlTRI~

In PltS (he h~njesl c1mmgl of ])DT (allHld HOlll( plallt (lalllagp cady lJl Ow glOlllg S(ltson 110((1]10 attlllIpt IIHS lliade to study the YHliationin tIll Hlalld ul1til thp plallts (gtIl lolllpalathply lalgl bull A count mad Oil ]llly 2) hoyltd I hat tll(middot j()()-pOlI11d (Iosag of DDT ltad L(ducNl thc slnlHl (ol1silti(lIahly (fig 1 lJJ

bull

bull IrnUiil~ l-RlIltl nml fp(lh lit (OIJ)(IlIs I On 1111 llltlputld plot n lIll II

VIol that lInd Iccllp(l DD1 [I(a [Illlut No ii

f

bull

bull

bull

BltFBCl OF SOIL lItEATMgNlS ON lOBACCO J COl1ONJ COWPEAS 13

The stand of plants on a typieal 1I11tlCatelti check plot is hown in figure 1 ct The height of tltf1 plnnts measllred on the same date showed thal this henvy dosage of DIYI was retarding plant glowth (lable ~~)

Tlule was no significant difference bebrNB YllriOI1S treatments for the yieW of ]1IIY although the plots i1mt Je((~i(~ll the ]Itltviesi dosage of DDT yieldecl considerably less thnn Illly othel plots The highest YJelcl of pens was from plots lccliving the ABa-1)Olllld dosnge of benshyene hexllchlolidp and tllis yield was significantly gr(gtntel than that fo( pithe) of tllp holHHilst c1Ofmg(s n DDT

RESULTS I 1949

In lVclV many plants diNl Oil nil tLlnt(d plots as tlw SlIlS0It 110-gTPSS((l By Tuly 2V the 20-pollnd llosag(1 01 DDT lppeatNt arlllunlly and the lOO-pound dosagl appl itd on I j 11 1)47 had signi ficllIltly lpdu((gtcl the stand (tahle ~~) I-hgtight 1lHIISlIl(nHgtnb s11oplt1 Ihat (h(se DDT tl(gtatllllllts had sllI11 tNl t11(gt plants

D(gtspilt fht diilelento nolNl in th( stand and g]owlll of Ille pells I(cliving Ihe ll1iolls [Iealll1(n(s 111(((gt WtlH no signifhnt diffcleur( iII the yield ot hny 01 pttH ill Ule ]I lIll Th is nppnlPllt diil(le1l((gt brtlll(gt11 (naIl1(lIts hiell could 1101 be jllOVgt(1 snlistkally mw hnw resulted flol11 too fplI llPIICutpS 1)(gt1 trCa[lIlent

COTTON

PHOCI~D1JHg

In 1()17 CoktLs Yilt Jon variCty of (OltOIl WlIS planted Oil May Dj ill H)middotJ8 and 1Mn SPlllnml 5~2 was plallted Oil pliI 27 and 10 leshyspcdiYll YlleJ1 Ih(gt plantH 1(1(gt lip to It good stuld oiJsPIntiolls WPI( mnch at llNlupnt iI(gtIllIs to ltlltplll1illl till lnpl of III( 11(gt(1shyJlllllts on plan 811Iin] lIlld lowth

Ill(gt -nnd was ((t(Inlinell by (ollntinp tlH plants 011 II piYl1l lpllpth () l IOW Pll plol ((tell spaSOll

Th(gt boll pe11 illf(satioll lUS aSlPItainlltllJy pxnmining lOll sqllallS IHL plot a[ aPP1oxilllalllr 2-llk intpluhi [hlOllgllollt he lHSOll ObS(gtIVlltiollH (gtIe lIladp (H(ll S(asoll on yaliollH ot11tI (ottOIl illHPds that llligh 111( aninfluPIl(e on the I(stllui ohtailled

Growth studil were made by 1l11astlling tlllt heigllt of tllt plnntf bllt IheH( l(gt(ol(lH arc omitted as tlHl( w(re 10 (Ol1sisCllt tlifflIelw(s Hssoeinte( ith the soil I((atlmnts Howevpl there wap l t(ndency ill tD47 for the pltllfg tf) grow highlIin plots whplp the stllnd had been S((1(ly l((hl~pd hy til(gt oj I t Ipat 111(11 ti

CottOJl yields (1( [nlll1 hut 11HY el(in low owing to boll w(eyil da mape alid soi 1l(()l1sist(n t tba t 11HY (gt1( inaliNIlUl te for eld uati np tl1( trtflil1leIltH III tIl(gt UlltlPlltld ploti tIl nlit(l JlOlIl )00 pouncls of Heed (otton ill HlJH [0 -)() pOllnds in 1nmiddot~l Ills(I(titi(ips (1( not tlpplie(] to (11( (oHOII foliage 101 boll (l~il (0111101 Ipst I1Il expcrishy1II1ntnl tl(llhllll1tS bp upset

The ef)eel of the soil hentlll(nti on th( slallds of plallts fot tll( I hrle (gta 1S iH shown in blb1e tgt

r l~ ~ECHNICAL BULLETIN 1047 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

~ l TABLE 5-10ZeJa110e 0 rotton to insecticide8 alJpliecl vo the soil in

the spring of 1[)17 as tndicated by the number 0 7)lants in 218 feetI 010W _----

Insecticides and dosage Treabncnt 1047 1048 1919(pounds pel acre) No bull Untreated chec____ __ _ 6lt10 1065 323 DDT

10 1 2 553 820 280 __ -------__----------- shy20 1__________ __ __ -- ----- 3 650 997 23740 _____________________ 4 594 ]020 305100 ________________________ (j 632 1 057 256

Benzene hexach loridt (technishycal) 167 1_______ bull _______________ 6 610 I 082 308833________________________ 7 98 117H 318

125 + DDT 25 1___________ 8 550 1 OlD 276 50 + DDT 10 _______________ g 4(j) 1030 304

Toxaphene 20 1___________ _____ ]0 i31O 1 D5ll 247 Difference required for signif- I

icance at 5-porcent leveL __ 1_ - ----- - -I I 71 (2) (2) I

I Repeated annually before planting 2 Not significant according to the ]i test

RESULTS IN 1947

In 1947 tIle seed was planted 1 (by after insecticide applications were made It germinated well and at first the plant stand was unishyforl11 In the plols treated with 833 pOLll1Cls of benzene hexachloride llOwever R5 perctl1t oJ the young plants eliell 111ere also were reshy bulldndions in the staml for two other benzene lllxachlolitle tlcatments lind for the lowlst dosage of DDT (tnble 0)

The plants that sUlTivec1 did not seem to be affected by the treatshyments Even so smvjyolS of the 838-pound dosage of benzene hexashychloride (treatment No7) averaged 30 inclles in height Oil Jllly in whereas the plants for the other treatments ranged from ~H to 26 inches This diffelcnce in growth was probably due to less competishytion where there WCle fewer plants The yields varied from 112 pounds of seed cotton pel acre for the No7 treatment with benzene hexachloride to 500 pounds for the No8 treatment An the yields were reduced by boll weevil damage Although the yield differences were within the limits of experimental errol there was t tendency for lower yields where there was a poor stand of plants

HESULTS IN 1948

In 1948 the weather vas favorable fol seed germillatioll the st~lIHl of cotton plants was good and thcle a~ 110 evidltllce of damage from bull any of the treatments The height of plants on July H Yflied between 23 and 27 inches The yields varied between 462 and 562 pounds of seecl cotton pel aCre Neither the plant l)cight nol the yield seemed to be associated with the treatment

IF

EFFECT OF SOIL TREAfMEoNfS ON TOBACCO CO~rTONJ COWPJlAS 15

RESULTS IN 1949

In 1949 there was a poor stand of cotton owing to adverse weather

bull However the stand was fairly uniform and there was no evidence of any dunage from the insecticide treatments The height of the plants on July V was uniform-ootween Hi and 18 inches Ul1favorable weather throughout the gLowing season and damage by the boll weevil resulted in extremely low ywlds--50 to 88 pounds of seed cotton per acre

WINTER COVER CROPS

PROCEDURE

Rye [Uldlt mixture of oats and Austrian winter peas were grown as cover crops each year The Abruzzi vIlriety of rye Cokers Victor Grain oats and Dixie Vondel Austrian winter peas were used rhe rye was planted as a sepamte crop whereas the oats and winter peas were mixed before being plantecl These crops were planted by means of a grain chill

RESULTS IN 1948

bull

Owing to an ullusual1y rainy fall in 1047 it waS not possible to plant the cover crops until December For this reason the growth was poor and no effort was made to obtain samples However by 11arch 1948 the rye and oats had been damaged by the two heavy dosages of benzene hexachloride and the 100-pound dosage of DDT The stand of the Austrian winter peas was poor and it was not possible to make a reliable estimate of the effect of the insecticides on these plants

RESULTS IN ] 949

The 194D crops were planted on Novcmber 12 1D48 [lnd sampled for comparative yields on the following March 11 The stand of Austrian winter peas waS poor cOllsequently it was not possible to make separate estimatcs or to take separate samples of this crop However for comparatiyc yiplcls oJ each of the three experiments five similarly located samples of foliage were taken from each plot Each sample consisted of the foliage irom 8 feet of row

bull

Table ( shows tllat the insecticides ewsccl more injury to the rye than to the oats and Austlitlll wintel pens and that the effect on the rye was quite differcnt after eaeh crop T~le severest injury occurred where rye foHowed tobacco ancl cowpeas ll1 the rotation and where the soil type witS of It Bght sand 1he cowpeas were removed fIom the plots before the rye was planted (experiment A) and this reducshytion in organic matter may have influcnced the results HOwever subsequent York has indicated that the soU type was also an imporshytant factor Where rye followed cotton in the rotation and the cotton was plowed under before the Covel crop was planted (experi-middot ment C) the damage ras much less noticeable 11Owever the soil where this experiment was located is heavier than that where experishyment A was located In the experiment where the severest injl1ly occurred (experiment A) the three hewiest dosages of DDT md the heaviest dosage of benzene hexachloride injured the plnnts

16 ~ECHNrcAL BFLLETIN lOliJ U S DEPT OF AGlUCUJJTUHE

TABlE (i-Tolemllce of (o)ej (IOPS dlllillj the win tel of I[)~8-4) to inyecticides ((pplied to the 80il in the splillj of 1947 Wi indircdcd by the weight of l)lallts illcludinrl oots in 1M jlft of (hm IOU

Experi- I Experi- Bxperishylllellt A Illent B ment C bull

TrcatshyInsecticidcs (pounds per acrltl mcnt 0 llylt folshy Oats and ]lyc folshylowing winter lowing

I cowpea pens collon

---~-- 1--- Pounds POIllels Pounds

Untrcatltd cl1(ck _1 118 5 3 10 J DDT

10 1 _______ bull - I 2 103 1 3 10720 i __ __ _ _ ___ _ I 73 G 2 g 040 ________ 1 55 42 11 I

-100 1 ) 32 3 () 6 0 Benzene hcxachlori(h (technical)167 1bullbull _____ bull ___________ _ o U 2 3 8 10 middotl

833____ __ __ _ I 7 0 ] 3 (j 7 ) 125 + DDT 25 1_ _ S 71 1 2 11 1 50 + DDT 10- __ U 6 n 1 2 n (j

Toxaphene 20 1 ___ 10 8 5 a 8 127 Difference required for Rirlifmiddot

ieallee at 5-percenL le(middot1 --- -_ I 3 7 3 (j

1 Rcpcatcclallnllally before thc spring crops werc plauted 1 Xot significant according to the F test

bull

bullFIGtJllE 2-Stllnd fint growth oC ry( in (xl)(rilll(ut A ill 1Hl 1 On IU 1111shytreated plot II 011 II plot ghPl1 DIYI t1cnl11IlI1 No e 011 t plot g-h(1l benzcnchcxllchlorid( irelltment No7 iJ 011 It plot ghPII tOXlIllhlIll tleatmPlIl No 10

FFE(T OF mL TIUT~ ET- 0- TOBC(O (OTTOS COWPEMi 17

-OIllP ppct- (J I- t h( i Il(ctilidl- Oil tIll IP nt( ill 11( In Itd ]y a (Olll shyjlHliOll or ~ullplp- flOIll th llli I(atpd (In(k (fi~~bull 11 ith Ullplls JIomplotsl((piYtllgthp 111l)pmIlHI doal 01 1)1)1 (fi~~1J1 and tIll

bull -~J)(IIIIl(l dougl or 11(11l7P)Il hlxHlltlo)idl (fi~ 2 (J Ill ~llpOllld dOSH( or IOXlpltllIl t Ii ~l)l did 1Iot ildfknlllly Ipdwl I Ill yh-Id dtltoll1t till [owtlt or (it 11 Wll- ttllIId (Ii ll 111 (]I(llishyIlltllt ( Ollhmiddot til( 1IlIipt dOHI or nllT lI111l or 1)(11I7lI](1 1w1shy(middothlOli([(middot hatllll l d 111( IYP plallt tIPIP Olt- alld II~tliltl11 ill(pI

IHI 1111( IHmiddotd II I (()Pl (IOP tIX[JlliIlHll1t HI lIP yi(ltd rot nIl

bull

bull I 5 7 10 FIiI~It~ ntnplmiddot Ill pIHIlt- ittlltlllill~ It frlllll VillI trllll (flPIi1IH1I1 or

tJp rt~ Plitmiddot in IHIU rpnIHI lft~atItH1HI t bull 1 Hud Itl

18 rECE-INICAL BtJLLETIN 1047 1 S DEPT OF AGlUCULlURE

treated plots was lowel than for the rhCCk but the ditTelCIJ(C was not statistically significant In this connection the soil where this exshypetimCnt was lorated is somewhat hCaiCl tlmn that JOl lxpeliment A but lightCr than tllllt fOr Cxpllill1Cnt C Praetically CClY plot that had been treatel with the beaviest dost1r(gt of benzene hexnchlolide conl(l be loratNl by the lrddish color of the plants

RESULlS J 1950

Thl toyer (rops WPle plnntNl 011 O(toil(t 27 IfJ-~l hut the stand of plallt~ was so pOOl thry were plantCltlngllin 011 NO(lllhll 11 Nille sltllJples welC takpn flom loeat iolls ill Caell plot fot yiCIlt1 brtwPln MaLch 11 and 2~ Eueh sample eomistrd or the yirhl from a 4-SqllHlP-Joot alCll Owing to the v(Itintirlll in the stand of winh1 1 pens and oats in YariOllS P11t of the fiCllt] it wa~ not possiblr to obtain an t(ematp estimate of theil yicl1s howCYPI) the Y1P1lt1 otlyt in rxpClimPllts A ancl B was studied (table 7)

In CxPtilll(llt A hl( )e followed (otton thC plot in which the lOo-pound rnte of DDT was appliC(l ill 1047 J)lodue((l tIC ]olRI yield The higl10st Yirld IIOm tLlIyinsrrtieidr hentlllCnt waS flOIll thC LO-pound dmmg( of DDI rqipliNl annually This yirld Wfl~ signifieantly hidH1 thnn that flol11 ])])1 applipcl al 20 pounds anshynually 01 nt 40 01 ](10 pOlllHls in Illmiddot17 only n ws also sig-nificantly hig-hpl than fhl yielltl flolll tlll plots lNlking bll1Zll1P Iwx(J(hlolilt1p at HI7 pOlmlt1s P(t (C annnally or at R~3 pounds IWI a(Il in HH7 only

IIILImiddot 7-Tot J((J([ oj (O( I mls dl(itt1 Iii lIil1r I 0 ItfJmiddotO 0 inR((li(id(~ 1111llilll to tIll wi ill till NIJinl 0 IfJff wlt illtlh(dul 1111 flu ( hIlt 0 Jlftwls ilrllidillff (lois Oil In WlO1 it It

EX[lrinHllt Explrin1ul A B

Tnmiddotltl nHnt Xo

H 1( follu- HI [ fallnwshyiil (lt1[101 illl (OlPlllgt

111111 I IItwdsIll rllt[d (llIIk 2l 1 -103DDT

10 I 2 21 0 25 62() J a 21 R 11 middot10 I la I 35 ~ JOO gt la2 2( l

BIII7(middotII(middot lllxllthlori( ~ 1 [(lwj[11I ~ lIL7 I () InO 22 I 833 7 In7 I(t 7 125 ()UT2iil x 17 middot1 253 50 bull DDT 10 I 20 a 20 3

JoxIlph(H( 20 I 10 I1I a 10 0 DifrPf(w( nmiddotqllinmiddot(1 for ~hliifi(un((

ItI 1-rWrl(l t 11 pi ~t f) S8

bull

bull

bull

r

KFFI~CT Oh SOIL TIH~ATlIENTS OX ronAeCO COTTON) COWPEAS 19

YhclC lYC Io]owtd (OWPtlIS in the Iotalioll PXPlIillltlll n) the seVercst injury O((IIlTPd in plo(~ tl(utt(I with I) POllIHh of LWl1zlne

bull

bull

bull

hlxfiehlodd(gt ill 10H olllr HIH1 willi () pOIIJHIgt of DDT anlluall) The yi(kls JrOf)l all tl(ntmtlll (lX(tpt lht middotJ()pollIHl closagl of nUT apshyplitd intl-IT ollly W(lP sipllifi(Hntly I(ss lwn tIl( 1IIItl(at(ltI (hcck

TIIP inPtiehlps WPIP iJll()Ipolatpl ill (il( -oil HI as to tlst in as ~hOlt u ppliod as possiblp dosags (olllpn Ialll to )psidllPS t ha t III ig-ht (gtYPIII 11 uII) builtl up ill PIH ie JloWl (1 it is dOl rn1 whpUHl (hI H((Ulllulntiolls tllnt wltlull1 I(slli floUl nOlllial applicalion of the illp(tici(1ps to foiiaw wOlllrllll (olllpalnlll to til( high (Josag-l llsll(1 l[Ol of Olll ins(gt(t I)(Slt HIt (OIlIIOllPlt1 hy folial appli(Htionllt oj inmiddot llaquo(tiPicp S(lllll of hillI is dOllhtlp In thlolluh lipan IHillS and wind lIHl til(IPloll 11((1 1)((0111( ilHolpolu(ldiJlIO II( -oil

Lk of faeilil iP1 ntHdp jt lI((l1ltHI~ to lilllit thl 111I1ll](I of Ippli(alp to foUl This b 1IllfOltllllatl a- (hp (XPlIiIllPllta1 PIIOI HS IIII P ~OIlH of till (lilfplPIl((gtlt althoug-h within till liuIis or lXIHIilllllltd (1101 WPlP so iall tllrtt (he (otlJ(l not 1)( iU-1l0Ipd and tiw wpre tllPlpfOlp (ollsirhI(ci ill tlip illplpl(tntioJl of Ihp l(sldlfl

Toxaphplp at til(middot Ia(p lI-pcl Wllt h- (oxi( to IIll (IOPS s(udipd than nDT or h(lIz(lll iHXl(hioliltil HowlnI til( WpOllllll d()sa~( IP wrttld for 1ypal hOWld (idpllep ol l)(Iin (Oxi( (0 plaa

It npl)(tt that til(gt (Ifllt of DIYI and bPIl7PIH lllxHchlolidl 011 the (IOps -tlldil(l W(1( (l(i[HIHj(ll( lIj)OIl n llUlllbpl of II(IIIIS iJl(iultiillu raiJifal1 lind olhl1 lt(11lt01111 lOllliitionllt thl cJop (II( -oil [YjlP the iJl~(((ilid( till d()~HUP thl 111111]11 01 palS thp illspdi(idl had 1gt((n ill I lip ltoiL alld 1 lit middotII()1 lOllioll 111( 1middot(t1t~ olJtaill(d dllring aJV OJ( (HI (1( dillPI(llt flOll1 tli)~l 101 -oOI1H ulll(i (HI and II ((Himiddot

(llIi1I1I 1m-d 011 1 01 WillS 1ltlIlts llIiiH Ill 11Ii-lladinu fhp (middotn((( of hPIIZPIH l1lXllcltloli(ip OJl (oha((o nlui (olhlll aJiprl

(olliltillu bl d lIri 1Ig Ih ~middotYln I plliod ~h(llp it n- 11 ppl ipltl nt 31 pOI1IHj~ Ind at ~U pOIIIHilt plllltJ pound- or DDf ppl JI(IP and tlip (Iop- W(IP pia 1I1tmiddot([ lthol( I t hlIla n(I Jo( It (IOPS WPIP PI( I) dUlllll((1 Til ltuiJ-((pHIH SPIlIlt hOWII till (oltOIl Wt not injulpd and lH(iI-P of (hI (ol1tlOl of ((lot kllOl IlPlllatodl aJld poltilJlr o(lill h111111111 -oil olwlllilll- till rhll of toJa((o ill lll as inmiddotIla~((1

11 doag(middot (if lWIIZ(IH h~xa(hlolid [(s[prJ gtnmiddot an IIIH1pirahlp (n(p (0 (ohmII) This wn lIot slllpli~illf ill yi( or J[)()Jls tliat i( (lu-pcI olr-lIaol in lt)(11 fowl (IOlb a Jl()(n(()(~ (1110(lt nnd (Ollmtoplt III otlHl studi 1) I Ill spniol alltlul hi (oo]l(Inli(11I with til( (olJl((()

illtlll~t IY folilgl appl1(u tioll- of (oxa plHlll a1-0 gilP nil IIIIII(-i Ilhll tastl 10 tltilJl(o Offmiddotfhlol r-gt II IIill froll (lIP 11-( ofill-((ti(iC(s way llt ((fwd) as tlIHipsilnhl( a- tll( lohity of tIl( 11IHIlIjnb 10 plU1ts

11 dosngls of 1(lIiPII( Ipxwhloljlh (UJ-(I] ~()Ill[ injun- to )( and oats nlthough injury fl(1JI1 thl Jiglltl1 (losiI(lt I~ not ~o ~iplt II~ [10111 ih( lwnj(ll (lmill~(s

Til (J1pml b(J)Z(ll( h(lxl1rhlolidl applnlN] to iJl(Ipaltp til( gTowth nlHI i(ld of r()w]lPlls fl(Hlch Jaij(d to lthow fill din(gtJPJlp~ III tlil JllIlIlh(IS of inR((tR ()l ofhpl )lPsts that (oult han H((Olmtpd 101 the difl)PIH(s ill lil( ~l()th and yipld of this (10]) OhsPIntloJ1 ()Il tohn((() show((1 that (hl il1pdi(iti( ((mIJOlhd til( Ioot kllot 1111111(0lt1(

rr

20 lEGHNfCAr B(TI~tETIX 1017bull 1- g DEPT OF MmrCtLlURE

11owenJ tlH YllJi(t- of (O]gt(as ~J(ln BJnhhnlll is pllltially resistshyant to ntis 11(gtlIlltolt1e llnd itis (loubtful whether its (ontTol eould acshycount Jot the ineJlased yi(middotlds

DDT eli d 1I0t SPtlll to inj u1( (ot( on H did not ea 115( SO Jl1 le11 c1amugl to toba((o liS dhl 1)(11(11( lltXtl(h loli(e The lOll-pound ((osage appl i(d ollly ill H)middott7 (a listll (h IOli Ill sylll ptOJllS i n t11(~ ioha((o plants in llJT early in tlwir gJowth hilt 111( plallt olltgJ( thelll Ill( dry wrHtll(J und thr faet that I Ill tohHtO was plalliNl soon dtlJ thl inselttieidps (J( appliNI may han hllped (III1Sl Ih(s( SYlIlptOIlIS Ih(J( WtlS SOli 1(gt (itlPIIll 1gtu I 110 dltfi II i Ie PIOO f t lIa t (h is dOSHil ilIj I Ied the lobuclo plans in lJjmiddotD NOl1l of till othlr dosages aHdrt lIP tobH((O

Fllt iIWmiddot(s 110 clalllngl to (o(I(a5 hy DDT was a ppa I(IIL (Ylll hy tlll j()()-polllld dosHg( but hy lHD all (]osagls (x((pt till W-polllld tlosa~p (t (flllHing SOlll( (lIlJllng( Th( injllJ) WlIS 1110-1 S(plC h(I( l1H lIHl-pound llosagp was appliNl in InImiddotT onl 1111(1 WhlI( thc ~lshypOllnd ltIo~agl a1gt 11IwatNl nllnudl~ Thl H)-polllld dosag( (alls((] hss illjUI than an of till olltCl DDT tlpatllHllts inlludillg tlH apshypli(atioll of 1(J pounds of nDT onI a pplio( of lHIS

11 dosaWs of DDT injllJp(l l)P nnd oat~ till 1( Iwing tltp 1l1Oll illS((pt i1) 1(

A I1UlIlhpl or ill(stiiutolS 1iI( dllllolIall(] that IH-a dosa4ls of DDT Ot hCIlllll hCXttltllIolitlp ilHOIpoIalpd in till ~()il ~i11 IWJll (PIfain (lOps IIp dosagps how(I alp not lilwlv to Ill IlSld UIlshy~BR nil p(s is H) illipOIIllil (ollollliltally thaI its sj)J(at (nllllO b( ]JPIllliited SIHIt H (as( is lx((ptiollHI and ~ltollid llot h( rOJlfusClt1 with OldillHI plant-pCst (Ol 101 ]llohllnls FlIltlllIIlIOIP otlllI IIglishy(ultulnl (IIIlidenls -lw1l as fll(ili(Is and lillH will also (au~( plant jlljUJ) if 11-(11 ill (X(psil dong(middots

~(IT snlllll doails of SOllll of 111( IllW olgturil inspl kid(middot- alt lflpdip against n llllllllwl of ills(( Plss )[()IlOPI S(Hlll pidplI((

liS olllaillPd ill this illYPstiintioll titnt bllI(ll Iwsa(ltlolitll lllll Ill hpl1Pfieial to plallt glowth alld (TOP ~illd or (OPlHS TItplpjOI( whpIl light doag(middot of tltl Jl( il1pdi(illp haY( h(pll fOllnd to h( lIIp((irp ill (oltl()llill~ a Illst without (tUlil1g a IHt1tlt IlHtI(] and tlllI( it IlO pid(IHP that tlw will (IIS( iPIjolt plant illjuJY (h(jJ IIS PlIlI- jll~t ilild TIJ(r sholll1 not 1)( (Olldllllll(d 1lHIply hlflllN h(a (Iosagls ill (ltc soil (HII~l (JIIl( ltHlltlgP to ((ItHill (II)PS

ExplJinHIlI- (1( II(gUIl Ht FIOIIJll S C ill tltt prillg or IJmiddotIT to S[lId~ Ilw (11((1 or oil HpplicHtiol1s of 1(lIzI( hpxt(hIOlidl D[)T II lid t oxapItPlJp 011 fi ( (IO]S g1O1l ill 1-( I 101 aioll Tlllia Ill( -oil tllltlll(middotltt (11 t((td ill thl(( (XIJ(Iilll(llts Iall xlHIilll(llt WHss(ttlllmiddotd with1 dillPIPIl( (IOp hut tltp-tllll olh((sioll s foll()((i Tolia((() was followltll by a Hlixtllll or oat Hilt lIst Iiall illtlI Iwas (OP(llS 11](gt S((OIHI splillgI(middot (Itt SlOlld Idl (ot(OIl (Ill thitll pJilli and Jrp (II( thild fall Lilwis( I( aftpl (oltOll was 101shym(middotd h to1gtI((O Til (lti- lIlalllI tp-t WplP 111t(h Oil nil till (IOPS (11lt11 YPH I

1)1)1 was upplil(l al 10 lIlld ~() pOI1It(I 1gt(1 n(l( lteh spling lIm1 at 40 and IO() potlllltls ill IlmiddotIT only CottOll did lIot S(PIll to 1)( ntll(tld by lIt DDT (J(alJlI(lltS Th( onl IINlillllllt that sP(lllld to aflltt

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOlL TREATMENTfi ON TOBACCO COfTON COWPEAS 21

tobacco waS the lOO-pound dosage that was applied in 10-17 only This dosage appeared to cause some chlorine injury chalacterized by glossy brittle haves in 1047 tmd to affect the yield and IHlLning qualIty in 1940 11 except the 40-poul1d dosagl~ of DDT afleded COWplUS to some extent but the(gt efl(gt((s were 110t apparent until l)1H Tl~ 100shypound (io3uge signifilantly redmNl the yield of cowpeaR in the hull in 11148 and 1((111(elt1 the stand of plant ill HHx and 10JH The wshypound dosnge did not significlntly aflPlmiddott the (owJ)eHS in any yeaI but the yield of hay and llPUR in till hllli wa les than thnt flolll the untreated cheek in H)Js ThlN annual applications of 10 Ot 20 pOUlHls PPl ael( redu(pltl tb stand and glowl of till cowpea plants The JO(J-poull(l dOSHgP 5((I1I(gt( to letlt(l the gl(Jlh of oats and Austrian winter peas Hy(l wn ulteeptihlp to injury by DDT and lwn [t total of nil POllIHl applied OWl a pEd()(l of WillS r(dll(~d ~()wth under ol11e (onditioll bull Toxa phel1e at ~II ]lOlllH P(l l1)e anllUH 1Ir wa- hs~ i njlIliotl than DDT at the same dosae

Tlclmiltal hlIlZ(llP lilxadlloli(hmiddot (ol1tnlning 1~ ]lpnlIH of gamma hont(] wn~ nppli(d HIUll1fllly llt 117 IHHul(b (gt(1 1I1lP amI at l~i Jl()ull(l~ with ~) ]gtOllIlIb of DDT III llJT IgtPIIZtIll hlXiHhlolidp wn pplipd HI-o ttt l~ pound pel 1llI( IUl(1 at -l POllll(l with l1 V()l1J1(l~ of DDT _11 thesl tl(atlllll1tmiddot aflp(middotttt tlU lIayoL or t Itt tobn(((j in 1HT the (Jill WitI in hhmiddotl ml (pt-- tl( IIlIHlp TIll )11- lind t~middot J)(Jllllll doaglmiddot p(hap(l tIll 1Uld of a Oot kLlOt-Ip-itnnt vnlilty of toiHU(O ill 1)middot~7 wl(p tlw plallt- W(I( trnn--planlld -hortly artpI tlt( ius((tilidp ltntllllllI appliP(1 In WmiddotI tlllimiddotI1 nIl (lolgl gan ~ml( lolltlOl of tIll loot kllot lltlIHlIOdl all ill llmiddotUJ a -lilttlv hidIP1 Yitll Wl ol)(uilHd frotH till plot~ thnt ha(lllmiddot((inmiddot(l Ill( 1IIIIlHmiddotit~t Io~np~ ill W+7 III 1lt7 all dOlIp 1(gt1111((1 1111 -tall of (oltoll lwo it WshyplatltPl -hott tftp thljlll(ti(id( hnd lapll npplitd hut ill l1b-(shymiddotJlllllt vIIIIS 1WIlt or til(gt 111111111(111 IUUIlIlII til( lottOll Ill bllIztJlP

lHXtHhlolid( ]i(luO( -P(1ll til illjUlP lW ~(J lItlwlt n (lid DIgtT lUlIl fol sOliii I1llkuO1 l(a oll it appptllcl toimllu-1 tlll itld or lwa- in thl hull BPllZIIH ltlxl(hloIi(l likl DDT llil lwr iidull tn [ol1owiH (orton a nuwh a it (litl IYI followillg (middotOWp(middott Thl Hnmiddottmiddott tong( of l(l1ZIIH 1IIxllltloli(lt illqmlllll l IPlh1ih oiur til ln awl otlt plllIlh ([w-inll lutill Ih 1Jmiddotmiddotf1 -(laoH

UTER TlHF CITED

dl (eOIm n l I Uf 1 It II 11 r E ImRl r n nmiddotJt WIL awl Hu~ 1

11U fnf( r of Imiddot 1 ( II ~IltfI r llH TncTll ClI n If I UIT 1lI TYlf - ( 1 Ex -11 1111 HIt II Ii iilu

121 (mnnll bull 11 II amI InlItl-o I 1 1Jo flH Iln WIHf 11 I 11 rMfiF suIL I l f II tltf TbullbullItl

(011 Ent Ja 1-1 til (~ 1 FInnbullbull YUTtJI J

Hill un( r 00 Il S OF (JIITlft IUl to -011 FIJI IIlE ntsmll UO ltIF TAr~bf nFtfU 111- (~ Bur gil HUli Phwt (11111 I~ j~j (IIIJl poundr)(ImiddotI1

laquo FIlFnR ARTnra ( Ill SllMfTLAT t~PWil fII nJn- I-gt-J( lit JOh 1 Hlt S(lll ~

Ilfptbullbull1 (il SO middot11 ppbull mus ~tl IAIIU - )h Inmn bullbull1 Ibull11bull BIIWIT T )I unl Ii) E Cl

In~O uou m (fUIlfU IS -TtIITlIl JIiR()Wllllltmiddot tIlE rml(11) lLTs SII ITS trncr ox TIn fJr 1 TlY OF flr (ntHI U ~ 1 IJII f bull A~l HPF 40 fl2imiddot (W mus

22 TECIINICALBULLETIN 1017 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(O) GItWSON T ~r nnd PoosF W 10middot1i SOI]TIIImN CORN 1t00rWOnr IS A i~Sl or lNurs OUI ECOll J~It

10 251-256 1llus (7) GmENWOOll DOUGLAS E

1H7 lIeNlmNE ImxACIHoltlUE ANIl wHumouM COXLlIOL 1otH t1c-OIl EJllt 40 724-727

(S) rONES L W llliO 1m INIlIlmlgt )OX1( Jt) SOli HIO()Il()IR~IR FulII 1111(1 llollll bull

Sei(gtllCl Utnll AgT ExpL Stu 11 W) JR--9 illl1S (0) I_AX) l( ( HTON~ ~1 V LAN(msIlm 111 1 0 IS I W 1111lt1

OllISON KJiJ 1048 srullms W1IIl 1I1lI AS A (ONI1I01 F()11 Wll1mOUlS IN lIt1tlGNfeu

lNllS- ljlO(lIl~SS IIEIOUI r~ [111 1~1lt 11111 1111 Qlllll Bshy765 D PI bullbull [PrO(CSSNl)

(10) UOltllIf H E 1111(1 DwrxGII n H 102 I1IJtIIY1O GllOlN(I (1101S (middotHREII II) lHI- IIHIIION 01 lIR~NI(middotI

(OIOIIR 10 rrm SOlI 0111 ltt illS mmiddot7k illlts (ll) Moltltso1l II 11 lWIU II B (IW~Il ~ I~ 11bull and Lllll~lnAl~gtll

lIS TIH IWImiddotmiddot(rs 01- (Itr1I1I IIW SelIL ISI(II(WJS 00 PIAmiddotrs Tour HIOIl Ent 11 171-mi

(12) OKAoI~ W lt lli-l7 UIs wITH ZEI~ InXA(IUOltlllt 10111 B(IIn Elli middot10 lmiddotmiddot

lH (J) PlgtPH nfl~middot B YIIRON (I~HTON A lind C~fIlImI bullbull OIlX (

11)17 IItN7IX~~ lJISACIIIOltllll) AXil OlHEH (O~I~ll1IflS FOlt (oorItOI cW WI1t~ WOrt~li 111SII0 10ll(lR 10UI l~~((Jtl BilL 10 77 70

1]4) KIITII 1N1II n 11lII I-ZIIbullbull ~Lltll Fl l1H7 SOlI lWU(lOIWNlSltS AllH wnXnll It SOlII- 01 lll~ NI~W lIHXIIshy

(JI)~il Soil Hel Hut Anur lrm 12 27 middotaa IlllIs (15) SNYlJ~~ltT (

lIla (1101S IU1IIIU IX It(IEII Oil II 111111-1 1I~h Rill (p 11ol ~O( lro( n ~ 4amp0-1

(Hi) 81JTI ToYl) L nnd ]~ANROX Jums 10middot10 PlInorOSHiTY 1I1l OFINtIIlrY Of- nmlIIIR Ortoo IX sou

Illt-Nr~1l I]-U J1ISE(middotrI(middotUl~S rOllt 1~(middot(Il( ]0)11( j (]4 --Gl7 Ii I middotNm(WWmiddotl~~ ( 1I0RNEll G M lUHI KtT()X ( II

lOan r1l1ltoJ)t(Tn~oEsS 01 CElIllN OtWIllW SOli AS mIIn1l 10 lgAIl I11SENITt SItY ((e~ltIAt101IS ioil S(middotI oJ 2(1~-2J1 ill liS bull

(18) WlrrrA~1 S K 1 1fJR s~rtNIlJI IN sons r H )tpt gr Y(IIIl)Wk was SiOmiddotSH

nil) WnsoNr K bullbull nud CUOCDlIllT 11 S HHG ~~FOS ()~ Illrr ON C~~IllAIN )(J(IlOlltOIOOI(AL l1l0(ISS~S JX Tit I SOlf

0111 Bcon Eltt 30 GJ7-5aH (20) ----- Ilnd (HOtUHlII H R

1DM nm tFPIWI (W mOZNI H~XA(HL_OltTJr ON SOli OUGAXI$lS lOllI Agr H(s 77 2-r-~2

(21) WIISOX Lom n 10at EVPt(TS OF (lllOltISe J1110~[In 1111 )leOUINg 011 THt~ TOIAceo lL11T bull

bull 1our gl HiS 4( R80-SUO IIus (22) Youxo H e 11Illtl (lIM 1 B

lOmiddottS sonrltlAt~nTS wnn H1Jrro (O1TuOr lin WIttI~IlINmn I~r~nI T K Hul I~nt ntHl Plant QUill )middotiiO S IP [I)nHl~s(d1

bull oorsall hy tlw ~lIperlutcnlf(flt of ()(lilIl1wutS t flOIerJuiirlt Prlntlll OJll(~

Wt~hrlltton 2~ 1)0 bull Irk~15 (~nts

f

bull

bull

bull

BltFBCl OF SOIL lItEATMgNlS ON lOBACCO J COl1ONJ COWPEAS 13

The stand of plants on a typieal 1I11tlCatelti check plot is hown in figure 1 ct The height of tltf1 plnnts measllred on the same date showed thal this henvy dosage of DIYI was retarding plant glowth (lable ~~)

Tlule was no significant difference bebrNB YllriOI1S treatments for the yieW of ]1IIY although the plots i1mt Je((~i(~ll the ]Itltviesi dosage of DDT yieldecl considerably less thnn Illly othel plots The highest YJelcl of pens was from plots lccliving the ABa-1)Olllld dosnge of benshyene hexllchlolidp and tllis yield was significantly gr(gtntel than that fo( pithe) of tllp holHHilst c1Ofmg(s n DDT

RESULTS I 1949

In lVclV many plants diNl Oil nil tLlnt(d plots as tlw SlIlS0It 110-gTPSS((l By Tuly 2V the 20-pollnd llosag(1 01 DDT lppeatNt arlllunlly and the lOO-pound dosagl appl itd on I j 11 1)47 had signi ficllIltly lpdu((gtcl the stand (tahle ~~) I-hgtight 1lHIISlIl(nHgtnb s11oplt1 Ihat (h(se DDT tl(gtatllllllts had sllI11 tNl t11(gt plants

D(gtspilt fht diilelento nolNl in th( stand and g]owlll of Ille pells I(cliving Ihe ll1iolls [Iealll1(n(s 111(((gt WtlH no signifhnt diffcleur( iII the yield ot hny 01 pttH ill Ule ]I lIll Th is nppnlPllt diil(le1l((gt brtlll(gt11 (naIl1(lIts hiell could 1101 be jllOVgt(1 snlistkally mw hnw resulted flol11 too fplI llPIICutpS 1)(gt1 trCa[lIlent

COTTON

PHOCI~D1JHg

In 1()17 CoktLs Yilt Jon variCty of (OltOIl WlIS planted Oil May Dj ill H)middotJ8 and 1Mn SPlllnml 5~2 was plallted Oil pliI 27 and 10 leshyspcdiYll YlleJ1 Ih(gt plantH 1(1(gt lip to It good stuld oiJsPIntiolls WPI( mnch at llNlupnt iI(gtIllIs to ltlltplll1illl till lnpl of III( 11(gt(1shyJlllllts on plan 811Iin] lIlld lowth

Ill(gt -nnd was ((t(Inlinell by (ollntinp tlH plants 011 II piYl1l lpllpth () l IOW Pll plol ((tell spaSOll

Th(gt boll pe11 illf(satioll lUS aSlPItainlltllJy pxnmining lOll sqllallS IHL plot a[ aPP1oxilllalllr 2-llk intpluhi [hlOllgllollt he lHSOll ObS(gtIVlltiollH (gtIe lIladp (H(ll S(asoll on yaliollH ot11tI (ottOIl illHPds that llligh 111( aninfluPIl(e on the I(stllui ohtailled

Growth studil were made by 1l11astlling tlllt heigllt of tllt plnntf bllt IheH( l(gt(ol(lH arc omitted as tlHl( w(re 10 (Ol1sisCllt tlifflIelw(s Hssoeinte( ith the soil I((atlmnts Howevpl there wap l t(ndency ill tD47 for the pltllfg tf) grow highlIin plots whplp the stllnd had been S((1(ly l((hl~pd hy til(gt oj I t Ipat 111(11 ti

CottOJl yields (1( [nlll1 hut 11HY el(in low owing to boll w(eyil da mape alid soi 1l(()l1sist(n t tba t 11HY (gt1( inaliNIlUl te for eld uati np tl1( trtflil1leIltH III tIl(gt UlltlPlltld ploti tIl nlit(l JlOlIl )00 pouncls of Heed (otton ill HlJH [0 -)() pOllnds in 1nmiddot~l Ills(I(titi(ips (1( not tlpplie(] to (11( (oHOII foliage 101 boll (l~il (0111101 Ipst I1Il expcrishy1II1ntnl tl(llhllll1tS bp upset

The ef)eel of the soil hentlll(nti on th( slallds of plallts fot tll( I hrle (gta 1S iH shown in blb1e tgt

r l~ ~ECHNICAL BULLETIN 1047 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

~ l TABLE 5-10ZeJa110e 0 rotton to insecticide8 alJpliecl vo the soil in

the spring of 1[)17 as tndicated by the number 0 7)lants in 218 feetI 010W _----

Insecticides and dosage Treabncnt 1047 1048 1919(pounds pel acre) No bull Untreated chec____ __ _ 6lt10 1065 323 DDT

10 1 2 553 820 280 __ -------__----------- shy20 1__________ __ __ -- ----- 3 650 997 23740 _____________________ 4 594 ]020 305100 ________________________ (j 632 1 057 256

Benzene hexach loridt (technishycal) 167 1_______ bull _______________ 6 610 I 082 308833________________________ 7 98 117H 318

125 + DDT 25 1___________ 8 550 1 OlD 276 50 + DDT 10 _______________ g 4(j) 1030 304

Toxaphene 20 1___________ _____ ]0 i31O 1 D5ll 247 Difference required for signif- I

icance at 5-porcent leveL __ 1_ - ----- - -I I 71 (2) (2) I

I Repeated annually before planting 2 Not significant according to the ]i test

RESULTS IN 1947

In 1947 tIle seed was planted 1 (by after insecticide applications were made It germinated well and at first the plant stand was unishyforl11 In the plols treated with 833 pOLll1Cls of benzene hexachloride llOwever R5 perctl1t oJ the young plants eliell 111ere also were reshy bulldndions in the staml for two other benzene lllxachlolitle tlcatments lind for the lowlst dosage of DDT (tnble 0)

The plants that sUlTivec1 did not seem to be affected by the treatshyments Even so smvjyolS of the 838-pound dosage of benzene hexashychloride (treatment No7) averaged 30 inclles in height Oil Jllly in whereas the plants for the other treatments ranged from ~H to 26 inches This diffelcnce in growth was probably due to less competishytion where there WCle fewer plants The yields varied from 112 pounds of seed cotton pel acre for the No7 treatment with benzene hexachloride to 500 pounds for the No8 treatment An the yields were reduced by boll weevil damage Although the yield differences were within the limits of experimental errol there was t tendency for lower yields where there was a poor stand of plants

HESULTS IN 1948

In 1948 the weather vas favorable fol seed germillatioll the st~lIHl of cotton plants was good and thcle a~ 110 evidltllce of damage from bull any of the treatments The height of plants on July H Yflied between 23 and 27 inches The yields varied between 462 and 562 pounds of seecl cotton pel aCre Neither the plant l)cight nol the yield seemed to be associated with the treatment

IF

EFFECT OF SOIL TREAfMEoNfS ON TOBACCO CO~rTONJ COWPJlAS 15

RESULTS IN 1949

In 1949 there was a poor stand of cotton owing to adverse weather

bull However the stand was fairly uniform and there was no evidence of any dunage from the insecticide treatments The height of the plants on July V was uniform-ootween Hi and 18 inches Ul1favorable weather throughout the gLowing season and damage by the boll weevil resulted in extremely low ywlds--50 to 88 pounds of seed cotton per acre

WINTER COVER CROPS

PROCEDURE

Rye [Uldlt mixture of oats and Austrian winter peas were grown as cover crops each year The Abruzzi vIlriety of rye Cokers Victor Grain oats and Dixie Vondel Austrian winter peas were used rhe rye was planted as a sepamte crop whereas the oats and winter peas were mixed before being plantecl These crops were planted by means of a grain chill

RESULTS IN 1948

bull

Owing to an ullusual1y rainy fall in 1047 it waS not possible to plant the cover crops until December For this reason the growth was poor and no effort was made to obtain samples However by 11arch 1948 the rye and oats had been damaged by the two heavy dosages of benzene hexachloride and the 100-pound dosage of DDT The stand of the Austrian winter peas was poor and it was not possible to make a reliable estimate of the effect of the insecticides on these plants

RESULTS IN ] 949

The 194D crops were planted on Novcmber 12 1D48 [lnd sampled for comparative yields on the following March 11 The stand of Austrian winter peas waS poor cOllsequently it was not possible to make separate estimatcs or to take separate samples of this crop However for comparatiyc yiplcls oJ each of the three experiments five similarly located samples of foliage were taken from each plot Each sample consisted of the foliage irom 8 feet of row

bull

Table ( shows tllat the insecticides ewsccl more injury to the rye than to the oats and Austlitlll wintel pens and that the effect on the rye was quite differcnt after eaeh crop T~le severest injury occurred where rye foHowed tobacco ancl cowpeas ll1 the rotation and where the soil type witS of It Bght sand 1he cowpeas were removed fIom the plots before the rye was planted (experiment A) and this reducshytion in organic matter may have influcnced the results HOwever subsequent York has indicated that the soU type was also an imporshytant factor Where rye followed cotton in the rotation and the cotton was plowed under before the Covel crop was planted (experi-middot ment C) the damage ras much less noticeable 11Owever the soil where this experiment was located is heavier than that where experishyment A was located In the experiment where the severest injl1ly occurred (experiment A) the three hewiest dosages of DDT md the heaviest dosage of benzene hexachloride injured the plnnts

16 ~ECHNrcAL BFLLETIN lOliJ U S DEPT OF AGlUCUJJTUHE

TABlE (i-Tolemllce of (o)ej (IOPS dlllillj the win tel of I[)~8-4) to inyecticides ((pplied to the 80il in the splillj of 1947 Wi indircdcd by the weight of l)lallts illcludinrl oots in 1M jlft of (hm IOU

Experi- I Experi- Bxperishylllellt A Illent B ment C bull

TrcatshyInsecticidcs (pounds per acrltl mcnt 0 llylt folshy Oats and ]lyc folshylowing winter lowing

I cowpea pens collon

---~-- 1--- Pounds POIllels Pounds

Untrcatltd cl1(ck _1 118 5 3 10 J DDT

10 1 _______ bull - I 2 103 1 3 10720 i __ __ _ _ ___ _ I 73 G 2 g 040 ________ 1 55 42 11 I

-100 1 ) 32 3 () 6 0 Benzene hcxachlori(h (technical)167 1bullbull _____ bull ___________ _ o U 2 3 8 10 middotl

833____ __ __ _ I 7 0 ] 3 (j 7 ) 125 + DDT 25 1_ _ S 71 1 2 11 1 50 + DDT 10- __ U 6 n 1 2 n (j

Toxaphene 20 1 ___ 10 8 5 a 8 127 Difference required for Rirlifmiddot

ieallee at 5-percenL le(middot1 --- -_ I 3 7 3 (j

1 Rcpcatcclallnllally before thc spring crops werc plauted 1 Xot significant according to the F test

bull

bullFIGtJllE 2-Stllnd fint growth oC ry( in (xl)(rilll(ut A ill 1Hl 1 On IU 1111shytreated plot II 011 II plot ghPl1 DIYI t1cnl11IlI1 No e 011 t plot g-h(1l benzcnchcxllchlorid( irelltment No7 iJ 011 It plot ghPII tOXlIllhlIll tleatmPlIl No 10

FFE(T OF mL TIUT~ ET- 0- TOBC(O (OTTOS COWPEMi 17

-OIllP ppct- (J I- t h( i Il(ctilidl- Oil tIll IP nt( ill 11( In Itd ]y a (Olll shyjlHliOll or ~ullplp- flOIll th llli I(atpd (In(k (fi~~bull 11 ith Ullplls JIomplotsl((piYtllgthp 111l)pmIlHI doal 01 1)1)1 (fi~~1J1 and tIll

bull -~J)(IIIIl(l dougl or 11(11l7P)Il hlxHlltlo)idl (fi~ 2 (J Ill ~llpOllld dOSH( or IOXlpltllIl t Ii ~l)l did 1Iot ildfknlllly Ipdwl I Ill yh-Id dtltoll1t till [owtlt or (it 11 Wll- ttllIId (Ii ll 111 (]I(llishyIlltllt ( Ollhmiddot til( 1IlIipt dOHI or nllT lI111l or 1)(11I7lI](1 1w1shy(middothlOli([(middot hatllll l d 111( IYP plallt tIPIP Olt- alld II~tliltl11 ill(pI

IHI 1111( IHmiddotd II I (()Pl (IOP tIX[JlliIlHll1t HI lIP yi(ltd rot nIl

bull

bull I 5 7 10 FIiI~It~ ntnplmiddot Ill pIHIlt- ittlltlllill~ It frlllll VillI trllll (flPIi1IH1I1 or

tJp rt~ Plitmiddot in IHIU rpnIHI lft~atItH1HI t bull 1 Hud Itl

18 rECE-INICAL BtJLLETIN 1047 1 S DEPT OF AGlUCULlURE

treated plots was lowel than for the rhCCk but the ditTelCIJ(C was not statistically significant In this connection the soil where this exshypetimCnt was lorated is somewhat hCaiCl tlmn that JOl lxpeliment A but lightCr than tllllt fOr Cxpllill1Cnt C Praetically CClY plot that had been treatel with the beaviest dost1r(gt of benzene hexnchlolide conl(l be loratNl by the lrddish color of the plants

RESULlS J 1950

Thl toyer (rops WPle plnntNl 011 O(toil(t 27 IfJ-~l hut the stand of plallt~ was so pOOl thry were plantCltlngllin 011 NO(lllhll 11 Nille sltllJples welC takpn flom loeat iolls ill Caell plot fot yiCIlt1 brtwPln MaLch 11 and 2~ Eueh sample eomistrd or the yirhl from a 4-SqllHlP-Joot alCll Owing to the v(Itintirlll in the stand of winh1 1 pens and oats in YariOllS P11t of the fiCllt] it wa~ not possiblr to obtain an t(ematp estimate of theil yicl1s howCYPI) the Y1P1lt1 otlyt in rxpClimPllts A ancl B was studied (table 7)

In CxPtilll(llt A hl( )e followed (otton thC plot in which the lOo-pound rnte of DDT was appliC(l ill 1047 J)lodue((l tIC ]olRI yield The higl10st Yirld IIOm tLlIyinsrrtieidr hentlllCnt waS flOIll thC LO-pound dmmg( of DDI rqipliNl annually This yirld Wfl~ signifieantly hidH1 thnn that flol11 ])])1 applipcl al 20 pounds anshynually 01 nt 40 01 ](10 pOlllHls in Illmiddot17 only n ws also sig-nificantly hig-hpl than fhl yielltl flolll tlll plots lNlking bll1Zll1P Iwx(J(hlolilt1p at HI7 pOlmlt1s P(t (C annnally or at R~3 pounds IWI a(Il in HH7 only

IIILImiddot 7-Tot J((J([ oj (O( I mls dl(itt1 Iii lIil1r I 0 ItfJmiddotO 0 inR((li(id(~ 1111llilll to tIll wi ill till NIJinl 0 IfJff wlt illtlh(dul 1111 flu ( hIlt 0 Jlftwls ilrllidillff (lois Oil In WlO1 it It

EX[lrinHllt Explrin1ul A B

Tnmiddotltl nHnt Xo

H 1( follu- HI [ fallnwshyiil (lt1[101 illl (OlPlllgt

111111 I IItwdsIll rllt[d (llIIk 2l 1 -103DDT

10 I 2 21 0 25 62() J a 21 R 11 middot10 I la I 35 ~ JOO gt la2 2( l

BIII7(middotII(middot lllxllthlori( ~ 1 [(lwj[11I ~ lIL7 I () InO 22 I 833 7 In7 I(t 7 125 ()UT2iil x 17 middot1 253 50 bull DDT 10 I 20 a 20 3

JoxIlph(H( 20 I 10 I1I a 10 0 DifrPf(w( nmiddotqllinmiddot(1 for ~hliifi(un((

ItI 1-rWrl(l t 11 pi ~t f) S8

bull

bull

bull

r

KFFI~CT Oh SOIL TIH~ATlIENTS OX ronAeCO COTTON) COWPEAS 19

YhclC lYC Io]owtd (OWPtlIS in the Iotalioll PXPlIillltlll n) the seVercst injury O((IIlTPd in plo(~ tl(utt(I with I) POllIHh of LWl1zlne

bull

bull

bull

hlxfiehlodd(gt ill 10H olllr HIH1 willi () pOIIJHIgt of DDT anlluall) The yi(kls JrOf)l all tl(ntmtlll (lX(tpt lht middotJ()pollIHl closagl of nUT apshyplitd intl-IT ollly W(lP sipllifi(Hntly I(ss lwn tIl( 1IIItl(at(ltI (hcck

TIIP inPtiehlps WPIP iJll()Ipolatpl ill (il( -oil HI as to tlst in as ~hOlt u ppliod as possiblp dosags (olllpn Ialll to )psidllPS t ha t III ig-ht (gtYPIII 11 uII) builtl up ill PIH ie JloWl (1 it is dOl rn1 whpUHl (hI H((Ulllulntiolls tllnt wltlull1 I(slli floUl nOlllial applicalion of the illp(tici(1ps to foiiaw wOlllrllll (olllpalnlll to til( high (Josag-l llsll(1 l[Ol of Olll ins(gt(t I)(Slt HIt (OIlIIOllPlt1 hy folial appli(Htionllt oj inmiddot llaquo(tiPicp S(lllll of hillI is dOllhtlp In thlolluh lipan IHillS and wind lIHl til(IPloll 11((1 1)((0111( ilHolpolu(ldiJlIO II( -oil

Lk of faeilil iP1 ntHdp jt lI((l1ltHI~ to lilllit thl 111I1ll](I of Ippli(alp to foUl This b 1IllfOltllllatl a- (hp (XPlIiIllPllta1 PIIOI HS IIII P ~OIlH of till (lilfplPIl((gtlt althoug-h within till liuIis or lXIHIilllllltd (1101 WPlP so iall tllrtt (he (otlJ(l not 1)( iU-1l0Ipd and tiw wpre tllPlpfOlp (ollsirhI(ci ill tlip illplpl(tntioJl of Ihp l(sldlfl

Toxaphplp at til(middot Ia(p lI-pcl Wllt h- (oxi( to IIll (IOPS s(udipd than nDT or h(lIz(lll iHXl(hioliltil HowlnI til( WpOllllll d()sa~( IP wrttld for 1ypal hOWld (idpllep ol l)(Iin (Oxi( (0 plaa

It npl)(tt that til(gt (Ifllt of DIYI and bPIl7PIH lllxHchlolidl 011 the (IOps -tlldil(l W(1( (l(i[HIHj(ll( lIj)OIl n llUlllbpl of II(IIIIS iJl(iultiillu raiJifal1 lind olhl1 lt(11lt01111 lOllliitionllt thl cJop (II( -oil [YjlP the iJl~(((ilid( till d()~HUP thl 111111]11 01 palS thp illspdi(idl had 1gt((n ill I lip ltoiL alld 1 lit middotII()1 lOllioll 111( 1middot(t1t~ olJtaill(d dllring aJV OJ( (HI (1( dillPI(llt flOll1 tli)~l 101 -oOI1H ulll(i (HI and II ((Himiddot

(llIi1I1I 1m-d 011 1 01 WillS 1ltlIlts llIiiH Ill 11Ii-lladinu fhp (middotn((( of hPIIZPIH l1lXllcltloli(ip OJl (oha((o nlui (olhlll aJiprl

(olliltillu bl d lIri 1Ig Ih ~middotYln I plliod ~h(llp it n- 11 ppl ipltl nt 31 pOI1IHj~ Ind at ~U pOIIIHilt plllltJ pound- or DDf ppl JI(IP and tlip (Iop- W(IP pia 1I1tmiddot([ lthol( I t hlIla n(I Jo( It (IOPS WPIP PI( I) dUlllll((1 Til ltuiJ-((pHIH SPIlIlt hOWII till (oltOIl Wt not injulpd and lH(iI-P of (hI (ol1tlOl of ((lot kllOl IlPlllatodl aJld poltilJlr o(lill h111111111 -oil olwlllilll- till rhll of toJa((o ill lll as inmiddotIla~((1

11 doag(middot (if lWIIZ(IH h~xa(hlolid [(s[prJ gtnmiddot an IIIH1pirahlp (n(p (0 (ohmII) This wn lIot slllpli~illf ill yi( or J[)()Jls tliat i( (lu-pcI olr-lIaol in lt)(11 fowl (IOlb a Jl()(n(()(~ (1110(lt nnd (Ollmtoplt III otlHl studi 1) I Ill spniol alltlul hi (oo]l(Inli(11I with til( (olJl((()

illtlll~t IY folilgl appl1(u tioll- of (oxa plHlll a1-0 gilP nil IIIIII(-i Ilhll tastl 10 tltilJl(o Offmiddotfhlol r-gt II IIill froll (lIP 11-( ofill-((ti(iC(s way llt ((fwd) as tlIHipsilnhl( a- tll( lohity of tIl( 11IHIlIjnb 10 plU1ts

11 dosngls of 1(lIiPII( Ipxwhloljlh (UJ-(I] ~()Ill[ injun- to )( and oats nlthough injury fl(1JI1 thl Jiglltl1 (losiI(lt I~ not ~o ~iplt II~ [10111 ih( lwnj(ll (lmill~(s

Til (J1pml b(J)Z(ll( h(lxl1rhlolidl applnlN] to iJl(Ipaltp til( gTowth nlHI i(ld of r()w]lPlls fl(Hlch Jaij(d to lthow fill din(gtJPJlp~ III tlil JllIlIlh(IS of inR((tR ()l ofhpl )lPsts that (oult han H((Olmtpd 101 the difl)PIH(s ill lil( ~l()th and yipld of this (10]) OhsPIntloJ1 ()Il tohn((() show((1 that (hl il1pdi(iti( ((mIJOlhd til( Ioot kllot 1111111(0lt1(

rr

20 lEGHNfCAr B(TI~tETIX 1017bull 1- g DEPT OF MmrCtLlURE

11owenJ tlH YllJi(t- of (O]gt(as ~J(ln BJnhhnlll is pllltially resistshyant to ntis 11(gtlIlltolt1e llnd itis (loubtful whether its (ontTol eould acshycount Jot the ineJlased yi(middotlds

DDT eli d 1I0t SPtlll to inj u1( (ot( on H did not ea 115( SO Jl1 le11 c1amugl to toba((o liS dhl 1)(11(11( lltXtl(h loli(e The lOll-pound ((osage appl i(d ollly ill H)middott7 (a listll (h IOli Ill sylll ptOJllS i n t11(~ ioha((o plants in llJT early in tlwir gJowth hilt 111( plallt olltgJ( thelll Ill( dry wrHtll(J und thr faet that I Ill tohHtO was plalliNl soon dtlJ thl inselttieidps (J( appliNI may han hllped (III1Sl Ih(s( SYlIlptOIlIS Ih(J( WtlS SOli 1(gt (itlPIIll 1gtu I 110 dltfi II i Ie PIOO f t lIa t (h is dOSHil ilIj I Ied the lobuclo plans in lJjmiddotD NOl1l of till othlr dosages aHdrt lIP tobH((O

Fllt iIWmiddot(s 110 clalllngl to (o(I(a5 hy DDT was a ppa I(IIL (Ylll hy tlll j()()-polllld dosHg( but hy lHD all (]osagls (x((pt till W-polllld tlosa~p (t (flllHing SOlll( (lIlJllng( Th( injllJ) WlIS 1110-1 S(plC h(I( l1H lIHl-pound llosagp was appliNl in InImiddotT onl 1111(1 WhlI( thc ~lshypOllnd ltIo~agl a1gt 11IwatNl nllnudl~ Thl H)-polllld dosag( (alls((] hss illjUI than an of till olltCl DDT tlpatllHllts inlludillg tlH apshypli(atioll of 1(J pounds of nDT onI a pplio( of lHIS

11 dosaWs of DDT injllJp(l l)P nnd oat~ till 1( Iwing tltp 1l1Oll illS((pt i1) 1(

A I1UlIlhpl or ill(stiiutolS 1iI( dllllolIall(] that IH-a dosa4ls of DDT Ot hCIlllll hCXttltllIolitlp ilHOIpoIalpd in till ~()il ~i11 IWJll (PIfain (lOps IIp dosagps how(I alp not lilwlv to Ill IlSld UIlshy~BR nil p(s is H) illipOIIllil (ollollliltally thaI its sj)J(at (nllllO b( ]JPIllliited SIHIt H (as( is lx((ptiollHI and ~ltollid llot h( rOJlfusClt1 with OldillHI plant-pCst (Ol 101 ]llohllnls FlIltlllIIlIOIP otlllI IIglishy(ultulnl (IIIlidenls -lw1l as fll(ili(Is and lillH will also (au~( plant jlljUJ) if 11-(11 ill (X(psil dong(middots

~(IT snlllll doails of SOllll of 111( IllW olgturil inspl kid(middot- alt lflpdip against n llllllllwl of ills(( Plss )[()IlOPI S(Hlll pidplI((

liS olllaillPd ill this illYPstiintioll titnt bllI(ll Iwsa(ltlolitll lllll Ill hpl1Pfieial to plallt glowth alld (TOP ~illd or (OPlHS TItplpjOI( whpIl light doag(middot of tltl Jl( il1pdi(illp haY( h(pll fOllnd to h( lIIp((irp ill (oltl()llill~ a Illst without (tUlil1g a IHt1tlt IlHtI(] and tlllI( it IlO pid(IHP that tlw will (IIS( iPIjolt plant illjuJY (h(jJ IIS PlIlI- jll~t ilild TIJ(r sholll1 not 1)( (Olldllllll(d 1lHIply hlflllN h(a (Iosagls ill (ltc soil (HII~l (JIIl( ltHlltlgP to ((ItHill (II)PS

ExplJinHIlI- (1( II(gUIl Ht FIOIIJll S C ill tltt prillg or IJmiddotIT to S[lId~ Ilw (11((1 or oil HpplicHtiol1s of 1(lIzI( hpxt(hIOlidl D[)T II lid t oxapItPlJp 011 fi ( (IO]S g1O1l ill 1-( I 101 aioll Tlllia Ill( -oil tllltlll(middotltt (11 t((td ill thl(( (XIJ(Iilll(llts Iall xlHIilll(llt WHss(ttlllmiddotd with1 dillPIPIl( (IOp hut tltp-tllll olh((sioll s foll()((i Tolia((() was followltll by a Hlixtllll or oat Hilt lIst Iiall illtlI Iwas (OP(llS 11](gt S((OIHI splillgI(middot (Itt SlOlld Idl (ot(OIl (Ill thitll pJilli and Jrp (II( thild fall Lilwis( I( aftpl (oltOll was 101shym(middotd h to1gtI((O Til (lti- lIlalllI tp-t WplP 111t(h Oil nil till (IOPS (11lt11 YPH I

1)1)1 was upplil(l al 10 lIlld ~() pOI1It(I 1gt(1 n(l( lteh spling lIm1 at 40 and IO() potlllltls ill IlmiddotIT only CottOll did lIot S(PIll to 1)( ntll(tld by lIt DDT (J(alJlI(lltS Th( onl IINlillllllt that sP(lllld to aflltt

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOlL TREATMENTfi ON TOBACCO COfTON COWPEAS 21

tobacco waS the lOO-pound dosage that was applied in 10-17 only This dosage appeared to cause some chlorine injury chalacterized by glossy brittle haves in 1047 tmd to affect the yield and IHlLning qualIty in 1940 11 except the 40-poul1d dosagl~ of DDT afleded COWplUS to some extent but the(gt efl(gt((s were 110t apparent until l)1H Tl~ 100shypound (io3uge signifilantly redmNl the yield of cowpeaR in the hull in 11148 and 1((111(elt1 the stand of plant ill HHx and 10JH The wshypound dosnge did not significlntly aflPlmiddott the (owJ)eHS in any yeaI but the yield of hay and llPUR in till hllli wa les than thnt flolll the untreated cheek in H)Js ThlN annual applications of 10 Ot 20 pOUlHls PPl ael( redu(pltl tb stand and glowl of till cowpea plants The JO(J-poull(l dOSHgP 5((I1I(gt( to letlt(l the gl(Jlh of oats and Austrian winter peas Hy(l wn ulteeptihlp to injury by DDT and lwn [t total of nil POllIHl applied OWl a pEd()(l of WillS r(dll(~d ~()wth under ol11e (onditioll bull Toxa phel1e at ~II ]lOlllH P(l l1)e anllUH 1Ir wa- hs~ i njlIliotl than DDT at the same dosae

Tlclmiltal hlIlZ(llP lilxadlloli(hmiddot (ol1tnlning 1~ ]lpnlIH of gamma hont(] wn~ nppli(d HIUll1fllly llt 117 IHHul(b (gt(1 1I1lP amI at l~i Jl()ull(l~ with ~) ]gtOllIlIb of DDT III llJT IgtPIIZtIll hlXiHhlolidp wn pplipd HI-o ttt l~ pound pel 1llI( IUl(1 at -l POllll(l with l1 V()l1J1(l~ of DDT _11 thesl tl(atlllll1tmiddot aflp(middotttt tlU lIayoL or t Itt tobn(((j in 1HT the (Jill WitI in hhmiddotl ml (pt-- tl( IIlIHlp TIll )11- lind t~middot J)(Jllllll doaglmiddot p(hap(l tIll 1Uld of a Oot kLlOt-Ip-itnnt vnlilty of toiHU(O ill 1)middot~7 wl(p tlw plallt- W(I( trnn--planlld -hortly artpI tlt( ius((tilidp ltntllllllI appliP(1 In WmiddotI tlllimiddotI1 nIl (lolgl gan ~ml( lolltlOl of tIll loot kllot lltlIHlIOdl all ill llmiddotUJ a -lilttlv hidIP1 Yitll Wl ol)(uilHd frotH till plot~ thnt ha(lllmiddot((inmiddot(l Ill( 1IIIIlHmiddotit~t Io~np~ ill W+7 III 1lt7 all dOlIp 1(gt1111((1 1111 -tall of (oltoll lwo it WshyplatltPl -hott tftp thljlll(ti(id( hnd lapll npplitd hut ill l1b-(shymiddotJlllllt vIIIIS 1WIlt or til(gt 111111111(111 IUUIlIlII til( lottOll Ill bllIztJlP

lHXtHhlolid( ]i(luO( -P(1ll til illjUlP lW ~(J lItlwlt n (lid DIgtT lUlIl fol sOliii I1llkuO1 l(a oll it appptllcl toimllu-1 tlll itld or lwa- in thl hull BPllZIIH ltlxl(hloIi(l likl DDT llil lwr iidull tn [ol1owiH (orton a nuwh a it (litl IYI followillg (middotOWp(middott Thl Hnmiddottmiddott tong( of l(l1ZIIH 1IIxllltloli(lt illqmlllll l IPlh1ih oiur til ln awl otlt plllIlh ([w-inll lutill Ih 1Jmiddotmiddotf1 -(laoH

UTER TlHF CITED

dl (eOIm n l I Uf 1 It II 11 r E ImRl r n nmiddotJt WIL awl Hu~ 1

11U fnf( r of Imiddot 1 ( II ~IltfI r llH TncTll ClI n If I UIT 1lI TYlf - ( 1 Ex -11 1111 HIt II Ii iilu

121 (mnnll bull 11 II amI InlItl-o I 1 1Jo flH Iln WIHf 11 I 11 rMfiF suIL I l f II tltf TbullbullItl

(011 Ent Ja 1-1 til (~ 1 FInnbullbull YUTtJI J

Hill un( r 00 Il S OF (JIITlft IUl to -011 FIJI IIlE ntsmll UO ltIF TAr~bf nFtfU 111- (~ Bur gil HUli Phwt (11111 I~ j~j (IIIJl poundr)(ImiddotI1

laquo FIlFnR ARTnra ( Ill SllMfTLAT t~PWil fII nJn- I-gt-J( lit JOh 1 Hlt S(lll ~

Ilfptbullbull1 (il SO middot11 ppbull mus ~tl IAIIU - )h Inmn bullbull1 Ibull11bull BIIWIT T )I unl Ii) E Cl

In~O uou m (fUIlfU IS -TtIITlIl JIiR()Wllllltmiddot tIlE rml(11) lLTs SII ITS trncr ox TIn fJr 1 TlY OF flr (ntHI U ~ 1 IJII f bull A~l HPF 40 fl2imiddot (W mus

22 TECIINICALBULLETIN 1017 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(O) GItWSON T ~r nnd PoosF W 10middot1i SOI]TIIImN CORN 1t00rWOnr IS A i~Sl or lNurs OUI ECOll J~It

10 251-256 1llus (7) GmENWOOll DOUGLAS E

1H7 lIeNlmNE ImxACIHoltlUE ANIl wHumouM COXLlIOL 1otH t1c-OIl EJllt 40 724-727

(S) rONES L W llliO 1m INIlIlmlgt )OX1( Jt) SOli HIO()Il()IR~IR FulII 1111(1 llollll bull

Sei(gtllCl Utnll AgT ExpL Stu 11 W) JR--9 illl1S (0) I_AX) l( ( HTON~ ~1 V LAN(msIlm 111 1 0 IS I W 1111lt1

OllISON KJiJ 1048 srullms W1IIl 1I1lI AS A (ONI1I01 F()11 Wll1mOUlS IN lIt1tlGNfeu

lNllS- ljlO(lIl~SS IIEIOUI r~ [111 1~1lt 11111 1111 Qlllll Bshy765 D PI bullbull [PrO(CSSNl)

(10) UOltllIf H E 1111(1 DwrxGII n H 102 I1IJtIIY1O GllOlN(I (1101S (middotHREII II) lHI- IIHIIION 01 lIR~NI(middotI

(OIOIIR 10 rrm SOlI 0111 ltt illS mmiddot7k illlts (ll) Moltltso1l II 11 lWIU II B (IW~Il ~ I~ 11bull and Lllll~lnAl~gtll

lIS TIH IWImiddotmiddot(rs 01- (Itr1I1I IIW SelIL ISI(II(WJS 00 PIAmiddotrs Tour HIOIl Ent 11 171-mi

(12) OKAoI~ W lt lli-l7 UIs wITH ZEI~ InXA(IUOltlllt 10111 B(IIn Elli middot10 lmiddotmiddot

lH (J) PlgtPH nfl~middot B YIIRON (I~HTON A lind C~fIlImI bullbull OIlX (

11)17 IItN7IX~~ lJISACIIIOltllll) AXil OlHEH (O~I~ll1IflS FOlt (oorItOI cW WI1t~ WOrt~li 111SII0 10ll(lR 10UI l~~((Jtl BilL 10 77 70

1]4) KIITII 1N1II n 11lII I-ZIIbullbull ~Lltll Fl l1H7 SOlI lWU(lOIWNlSltS AllH wnXnll It SOlII- 01 lll~ NI~W lIHXIIshy

(JI)~il Soil Hel Hut Anur lrm 12 27 middotaa IlllIs (15) SNYlJ~~ltT (

lIla (1101S IU1IIIU IX It(IEII Oil II 111111-1 1I~h Rill (p 11ol ~O( lro( n ~ 4amp0-1

(Hi) 81JTI ToYl) L nnd ]~ANROX Jums 10middot10 PlInorOSHiTY 1I1l OFINtIIlrY Of- nmlIIIR Ortoo IX sou

Illt-Nr~1l I]-U J1ISE(middotrI(middotUl~S rOllt 1~(middot(Il( ]0)11( j (]4 --Gl7 Ii I middotNm(WWmiddotl~~ ( 1I0RNEll G M lUHI KtT()X ( II

lOan r1l1ltoJ)t(Tn~oEsS 01 CElIllN OtWIllW SOli AS mIIn1l 10 lgAIl I11SENITt SItY ((e~ltIAt101IS ioil S(middotI oJ 2(1~-2J1 ill liS bull

(18) WlrrrA~1 S K 1 1fJR s~rtNIlJI IN sons r H )tpt gr Y(IIIl)Wk was SiOmiddotSH

nil) WnsoNr K bullbull nud CUOCDlIllT 11 S HHG ~~FOS ()~ Illrr ON C~~IllAIN )(J(IlOlltOIOOI(AL l1l0(ISS~S JX Tit I SOlf

0111 Bcon Eltt 30 GJ7-5aH (20) ----- Ilnd (HOtUHlII H R

1DM nm tFPIWI (W mOZNI H~XA(HL_OltTJr ON SOli OUGAXI$lS lOllI Agr H(s 77 2-r-~2

(21) WIISOX Lom n 10at EVPt(TS OF (lllOltISe J1110~[In 1111 )leOUINg 011 THt~ TOIAceo lL11T bull

bull 1our gl HiS 4( R80-SUO IIus (22) Youxo H e 11Illtl (lIM 1 B

lOmiddottS sonrltlAt~nTS wnn H1Jrro (O1TuOr lin WIttI~IlINmn I~r~nI T K Hul I~nt ntHl Plant QUill )middotiiO S IP [I)nHl~s(d1

bull oorsall hy tlw ~lIperlutcnlf(flt of ()(lilIl1wutS t flOIerJuiirlt Prlntlll OJll(~

Wt~hrlltton 2~ 1)0 bull Irk~15 (~nts

r l~ ~ECHNICAL BULLETIN 1047 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

~ l TABLE 5-10ZeJa110e 0 rotton to insecticide8 alJpliecl vo the soil in

the spring of 1[)17 as tndicated by the number 0 7)lants in 218 feetI 010W _----

Insecticides and dosage Treabncnt 1047 1048 1919(pounds pel acre) No bull Untreated chec____ __ _ 6lt10 1065 323 DDT

10 1 2 553 820 280 __ -------__----------- shy20 1__________ __ __ -- ----- 3 650 997 23740 _____________________ 4 594 ]020 305100 ________________________ (j 632 1 057 256

Benzene hexach loridt (technishycal) 167 1_______ bull _______________ 6 610 I 082 308833________________________ 7 98 117H 318

125 + DDT 25 1___________ 8 550 1 OlD 276 50 + DDT 10 _______________ g 4(j) 1030 304

Toxaphene 20 1___________ _____ ]0 i31O 1 D5ll 247 Difference required for signif- I

icance at 5-porcent leveL __ 1_ - ----- - -I I 71 (2) (2) I

I Repeated annually before planting 2 Not significant according to the ]i test

RESULTS IN 1947

In 1947 tIle seed was planted 1 (by after insecticide applications were made It germinated well and at first the plant stand was unishyforl11 In the plols treated with 833 pOLll1Cls of benzene hexachloride llOwever R5 perctl1t oJ the young plants eliell 111ere also were reshy bulldndions in the staml for two other benzene lllxachlolitle tlcatments lind for the lowlst dosage of DDT (tnble 0)

The plants that sUlTivec1 did not seem to be affected by the treatshyments Even so smvjyolS of the 838-pound dosage of benzene hexashychloride (treatment No7) averaged 30 inclles in height Oil Jllly in whereas the plants for the other treatments ranged from ~H to 26 inches This diffelcnce in growth was probably due to less competishytion where there WCle fewer plants The yields varied from 112 pounds of seed cotton pel acre for the No7 treatment with benzene hexachloride to 500 pounds for the No8 treatment An the yields were reduced by boll weevil damage Although the yield differences were within the limits of experimental errol there was t tendency for lower yields where there was a poor stand of plants

HESULTS IN 1948

In 1948 the weather vas favorable fol seed germillatioll the st~lIHl of cotton plants was good and thcle a~ 110 evidltllce of damage from bull any of the treatments The height of plants on July H Yflied between 23 and 27 inches The yields varied between 462 and 562 pounds of seecl cotton pel aCre Neither the plant l)cight nol the yield seemed to be associated with the treatment

IF

EFFECT OF SOIL TREAfMEoNfS ON TOBACCO CO~rTONJ COWPJlAS 15

RESULTS IN 1949

In 1949 there was a poor stand of cotton owing to adverse weather

bull However the stand was fairly uniform and there was no evidence of any dunage from the insecticide treatments The height of the plants on July V was uniform-ootween Hi and 18 inches Ul1favorable weather throughout the gLowing season and damage by the boll weevil resulted in extremely low ywlds--50 to 88 pounds of seed cotton per acre

WINTER COVER CROPS

PROCEDURE

Rye [Uldlt mixture of oats and Austrian winter peas were grown as cover crops each year The Abruzzi vIlriety of rye Cokers Victor Grain oats and Dixie Vondel Austrian winter peas were used rhe rye was planted as a sepamte crop whereas the oats and winter peas were mixed before being plantecl These crops were planted by means of a grain chill

RESULTS IN 1948

bull

Owing to an ullusual1y rainy fall in 1047 it waS not possible to plant the cover crops until December For this reason the growth was poor and no effort was made to obtain samples However by 11arch 1948 the rye and oats had been damaged by the two heavy dosages of benzene hexachloride and the 100-pound dosage of DDT The stand of the Austrian winter peas was poor and it was not possible to make a reliable estimate of the effect of the insecticides on these plants

RESULTS IN ] 949

The 194D crops were planted on Novcmber 12 1D48 [lnd sampled for comparative yields on the following March 11 The stand of Austrian winter peas waS poor cOllsequently it was not possible to make separate estimatcs or to take separate samples of this crop However for comparatiyc yiplcls oJ each of the three experiments five similarly located samples of foliage were taken from each plot Each sample consisted of the foliage irom 8 feet of row

bull

Table ( shows tllat the insecticides ewsccl more injury to the rye than to the oats and Austlitlll wintel pens and that the effect on the rye was quite differcnt after eaeh crop T~le severest injury occurred where rye foHowed tobacco ancl cowpeas ll1 the rotation and where the soil type witS of It Bght sand 1he cowpeas were removed fIom the plots before the rye was planted (experiment A) and this reducshytion in organic matter may have influcnced the results HOwever subsequent York has indicated that the soU type was also an imporshytant factor Where rye followed cotton in the rotation and the cotton was plowed under before the Covel crop was planted (experi-middot ment C) the damage ras much less noticeable 11Owever the soil where this experiment was located is heavier than that where experishyment A was located In the experiment where the severest injl1ly occurred (experiment A) the three hewiest dosages of DDT md the heaviest dosage of benzene hexachloride injured the plnnts

16 ~ECHNrcAL BFLLETIN lOliJ U S DEPT OF AGlUCUJJTUHE

TABlE (i-Tolemllce of (o)ej (IOPS dlllillj the win tel of I[)~8-4) to inyecticides ((pplied to the 80il in the splillj of 1947 Wi indircdcd by the weight of l)lallts illcludinrl oots in 1M jlft of (hm IOU

Experi- I Experi- Bxperishylllellt A Illent B ment C bull

TrcatshyInsecticidcs (pounds per acrltl mcnt 0 llylt folshy Oats and ]lyc folshylowing winter lowing

I cowpea pens collon

---~-- 1--- Pounds POIllels Pounds

Untrcatltd cl1(ck _1 118 5 3 10 J DDT

10 1 _______ bull - I 2 103 1 3 10720 i __ __ _ _ ___ _ I 73 G 2 g 040 ________ 1 55 42 11 I

-100 1 ) 32 3 () 6 0 Benzene hcxachlori(h (technical)167 1bullbull _____ bull ___________ _ o U 2 3 8 10 middotl

833____ __ __ _ I 7 0 ] 3 (j 7 ) 125 + DDT 25 1_ _ S 71 1 2 11 1 50 + DDT 10- __ U 6 n 1 2 n (j

Toxaphene 20 1 ___ 10 8 5 a 8 127 Difference required for Rirlifmiddot

ieallee at 5-percenL le(middot1 --- -_ I 3 7 3 (j

1 Rcpcatcclallnllally before thc spring crops werc plauted 1 Xot significant according to the F test

bull

bullFIGtJllE 2-Stllnd fint growth oC ry( in (xl)(rilll(ut A ill 1Hl 1 On IU 1111shytreated plot II 011 II plot ghPl1 DIYI t1cnl11IlI1 No e 011 t plot g-h(1l benzcnchcxllchlorid( irelltment No7 iJ 011 It plot ghPII tOXlIllhlIll tleatmPlIl No 10

FFE(T OF mL TIUT~ ET- 0- TOBC(O (OTTOS COWPEMi 17

-OIllP ppct- (J I- t h( i Il(ctilidl- Oil tIll IP nt( ill 11( In Itd ]y a (Olll shyjlHliOll or ~ullplp- flOIll th llli I(atpd (In(k (fi~~bull 11 ith Ullplls JIomplotsl((piYtllgthp 111l)pmIlHI doal 01 1)1)1 (fi~~1J1 and tIll

bull -~J)(IIIIl(l dougl or 11(11l7P)Il hlxHlltlo)idl (fi~ 2 (J Ill ~llpOllld dOSH( or IOXlpltllIl t Ii ~l)l did 1Iot ildfknlllly Ipdwl I Ill yh-Id dtltoll1t till [owtlt or (it 11 Wll- ttllIId (Ii ll 111 (]I(llishyIlltllt ( Ollhmiddot til( 1IlIipt dOHI or nllT lI111l or 1)(11I7lI](1 1w1shy(middothlOli([(middot hatllll l d 111( IYP plallt tIPIP Olt- alld II~tliltl11 ill(pI

IHI 1111( IHmiddotd II I (()Pl (IOP tIX[JlliIlHll1t HI lIP yi(ltd rot nIl

bull

bull I 5 7 10 FIiI~It~ ntnplmiddot Ill pIHIlt- ittlltlllill~ It frlllll VillI trllll (flPIi1IH1I1 or

tJp rt~ Plitmiddot in IHIU rpnIHI lft~atItH1HI t bull 1 Hud Itl

18 rECE-INICAL BtJLLETIN 1047 1 S DEPT OF AGlUCULlURE

treated plots was lowel than for the rhCCk but the ditTelCIJ(C was not statistically significant In this connection the soil where this exshypetimCnt was lorated is somewhat hCaiCl tlmn that JOl lxpeliment A but lightCr than tllllt fOr Cxpllill1Cnt C Praetically CClY plot that had been treatel with the beaviest dost1r(gt of benzene hexnchlolide conl(l be loratNl by the lrddish color of the plants

RESULlS J 1950

Thl toyer (rops WPle plnntNl 011 O(toil(t 27 IfJ-~l hut the stand of plallt~ was so pOOl thry were plantCltlngllin 011 NO(lllhll 11 Nille sltllJples welC takpn flom loeat iolls ill Caell plot fot yiCIlt1 brtwPln MaLch 11 and 2~ Eueh sample eomistrd or the yirhl from a 4-SqllHlP-Joot alCll Owing to the v(Itintirlll in the stand of winh1 1 pens and oats in YariOllS P11t of the fiCllt] it wa~ not possiblr to obtain an t(ematp estimate of theil yicl1s howCYPI) the Y1P1lt1 otlyt in rxpClimPllts A ancl B was studied (table 7)

In CxPtilll(llt A hl( )e followed (otton thC plot in which the lOo-pound rnte of DDT was appliC(l ill 1047 J)lodue((l tIC ]olRI yield The higl10st Yirld IIOm tLlIyinsrrtieidr hentlllCnt waS flOIll thC LO-pound dmmg( of DDI rqipliNl annually This yirld Wfl~ signifieantly hidH1 thnn that flol11 ])])1 applipcl al 20 pounds anshynually 01 nt 40 01 ](10 pOlllHls in Illmiddot17 only n ws also sig-nificantly hig-hpl than fhl yielltl flolll tlll plots lNlking bll1Zll1P Iwx(J(hlolilt1p at HI7 pOlmlt1s P(t (C annnally or at R~3 pounds IWI a(Il in HH7 only

IIILImiddot 7-Tot J((J([ oj (O( I mls dl(itt1 Iii lIil1r I 0 ItfJmiddotO 0 inR((li(id(~ 1111llilll to tIll wi ill till NIJinl 0 IfJff wlt illtlh(dul 1111 flu ( hIlt 0 Jlftwls ilrllidillff (lois Oil In WlO1 it It

EX[lrinHllt Explrin1ul A B

Tnmiddotltl nHnt Xo

H 1( follu- HI [ fallnwshyiil (lt1[101 illl (OlPlllgt

111111 I IItwdsIll rllt[d (llIIk 2l 1 -103DDT

10 I 2 21 0 25 62() J a 21 R 11 middot10 I la I 35 ~ JOO gt la2 2( l

BIII7(middotII(middot lllxllthlori( ~ 1 [(lwj[11I ~ lIL7 I () InO 22 I 833 7 In7 I(t 7 125 ()UT2iil x 17 middot1 253 50 bull DDT 10 I 20 a 20 3

JoxIlph(H( 20 I 10 I1I a 10 0 DifrPf(w( nmiddotqllinmiddot(1 for ~hliifi(un((

ItI 1-rWrl(l t 11 pi ~t f) S8

bull

bull

bull

r

KFFI~CT Oh SOIL TIH~ATlIENTS OX ronAeCO COTTON) COWPEAS 19

YhclC lYC Io]owtd (OWPtlIS in the Iotalioll PXPlIillltlll n) the seVercst injury O((IIlTPd in plo(~ tl(utt(I with I) POllIHh of LWl1zlne

bull

bull

bull

hlxfiehlodd(gt ill 10H olllr HIH1 willi () pOIIJHIgt of DDT anlluall) The yi(kls JrOf)l all tl(ntmtlll (lX(tpt lht middotJ()pollIHl closagl of nUT apshyplitd intl-IT ollly W(lP sipllifi(Hntly I(ss lwn tIl( 1IIItl(at(ltI (hcck

TIIP inPtiehlps WPIP iJll()Ipolatpl ill (il( -oil HI as to tlst in as ~hOlt u ppliod as possiblp dosags (olllpn Ialll to )psidllPS t ha t III ig-ht (gtYPIII 11 uII) builtl up ill PIH ie JloWl (1 it is dOl rn1 whpUHl (hI H((Ulllulntiolls tllnt wltlull1 I(slli floUl nOlllial applicalion of the illp(tici(1ps to foiiaw wOlllrllll (olllpalnlll to til( high (Josag-l llsll(1 l[Ol of Olll ins(gt(t I)(Slt HIt (OIlIIOllPlt1 hy folial appli(Htionllt oj inmiddot llaquo(tiPicp S(lllll of hillI is dOllhtlp In thlolluh lipan IHillS and wind lIHl til(IPloll 11((1 1)((0111( ilHolpolu(ldiJlIO II( -oil

Lk of faeilil iP1 ntHdp jt lI((l1ltHI~ to lilllit thl 111I1ll](I of Ippli(alp to foUl This b 1IllfOltllllatl a- (hp (XPlIiIllPllta1 PIIOI HS IIII P ~OIlH of till (lilfplPIl((gtlt althoug-h within till liuIis or lXIHIilllllltd (1101 WPlP so iall tllrtt (he (otlJ(l not 1)( iU-1l0Ipd and tiw wpre tllPlpfOlp (ollsirhI(ci ill tlip illplpl(tntioJl of Ihp l(sldlfl

Toxaphplp at til(middot Ia(p lI-pcl Wllt h- (oxi( to IIll (IOPS s(udipd than nDT or h(lIz(lll iHXl(hioliltil HowlnI til( WpOllllll d()sa~( IP wrttld for 1ypal hOWld (idpllep ol l)(Iin (Oxi( (0 plaa

It npl)(tt that til(gt (Ifllt of DIYI and bPIl7PIH lllxHchlolidl 011 the (IOps -tlldil(l W(1( (l(i[HIHj(ll( lIj)OIl n llUlllbpl of II(IIIIS iJl(iultiillu raiJifal1 lind olhl1 lt(11lt01111 lOllliitionllt thl cJop (II( -oil [YjlP the iJl~(((ilid( till d()~HUP thl 111111]11 01 palS thp illspdi(idl had 1gt((n ill I lip ltoiL alld 1 lit middotII()1 lOllioll 111( 1middot(t1t~ olJtaill(d dllring aJV OJ( (HI (1( dillPI(llt flOll1 tli)~l 101 -oOI1H ulll(i (HI and II ((Himiddot

(llIi1I1I 1m-d 011 1 01 WillS 1ltlIlts llIiiH Ill 11Ii-lladinu fhp (middotn((( of hPIIZPIH l1lXllcltloli(ip OJl (oha((o nlui (olhlll aJiprl

(olliltillu bl d lIri 1Ig Ih ~middotYln I plliod ~h(llp it n- 11 ppl ipltl nt 31 pOI1IHj~ Ind at ~U pOIIIHilt plllltJ pound- or DDf ppl JI(IP and tlip (Iop- W(IP pia 1I1tmiddot([ lthol( I t hlIla n(I Jo( It (IOPS WPIP PI( I) dUlllll((1 Til ltuiJ-((pHIH SPIlIlt hOWII till (oltOIl Wt not injulpd and lH(iI-P of (hI (ol1tlOl of ((lot kllOl IlPlllatodl aJld poltilJlr o(lill h111111111 -oil olwlllilll- till rhll of toJa((o ill lll as inmiddotIla~((1

11 doag(middot (if lWIIZ(IH h~xa(hlolid [(s[prJ gtnmiddot an IIIH1pirahlp (n(p (0 (ohmII) This wn lIot slllpli~illf ill yi( or J[)()Jls tliat i( (lu-pcI olr-lIaol in lt)(11 fowl (IOlb a Jl()(n(()(~ (1110(lt nnd (Ollmtoplt III otlHl studi 1) I Ill spniol alltlul hi (oo]l(Inli(11I with til( (olJl((()

illtlll~t IY folilgl appl1(u tioll- of (oxa plHlll a1-0 gilP nil IIIIII(-i Ilhll tastl 10 tltilJl(o Offmiddotfhlol r-gt II IIill froll (lIP 11-( ofill-((ti(iC(s way llt ((fwd) as tlIHipsilnhl( a- tll( lohity of tIl( 11IHIlIjnb 10 plU1ts

11 dosngls of 1(lIiPII( Ipxwhloljlh (UJ-(I] ~()Ill[ injun- to )( and oats nlthough injury fl(1JI1 thl Jiglltl1 (losiI(lt I~ not ~o ~iplt II~ [10111 ih( lwnj(ll (lmill~(s

Til (J1pml b(J)Z(ll( h(lxl1rhlolidl applnlN] to iJl(Ipaltp til( gTowth nlHI i(ld of r()w]lPlls fl(Hlch Jaij(d to lthow fill din(gtJPJlp~ III tlil JllIlIlh(IS of inR((tR ()l ofhpl )lPsts that (oult han H((Olmtpd 101 the difl)PIH(s ill lil( ~l()th and yipld of this (10]) OhsPIntloJ1 ()Il tohn((() show((1 that (hl il1pdi(iti( ((mIJOlhd til( Ioot kllot 1111111(0lt1(

rr

20 lEGHNfCAr B(TI~tETIX 1017bull 1- g DEPT OF MmrCtLlURE

11owenJ tlH YllJi(t- of (O]gt(as ~J(ln BJnhhnlll is pllltially resistshyant to ntis 11(gtlIlltolt1e llnd itis (loubtful whether its (ontTol eould acshycount Jot the ineJlased yi(middotlds

DDT eli d 1I0t SPtlll to inj u1( (ot( on H did not ea 115( SO Jl1 le11 c1amugl to toba((o liS dhl 1)(11(11( lltXtl(h loli(e The lOll-pound ((osage appl i(d ollly ill H)middott7 (a listll (h IOli Ill sylll ptOJllS i n t11(~ ioha((o plants in llJT early in tlwir gJowth hilt 111( plallt olltgJ( thelll Ill( dry wrHtll(J und thr faet that I Ill tohHtO was plalliNl soon dtlJ thl inselttieidps (J( appliNI may han hllped (III1Sl Ih(s( SYlIlptOIlIS Ih(J( WtlS SOli 1(gt (itlPIIll 1gtu I 110 dltfi II i Ie PIOO f t lIa t (h is dOSHil ilIj I Ied the lobuclo plans in lJjmiddotD NOl1l of till othlr dosages aHdrt lIP tobH((O

Fllt iIWmiddot(s 110 clalllngl to (o(I(a5 hy DDT was a ppa I(IIL (Ylll hy tlll j()()-polllld dosHg( but hy lHD all (]osagls (x((pt till W-polllld tlosa~p (t (flllHing SOlll( (lIlJllng( Th( injllJ) WlIS 1110-1 S(plC h(I( l1H lIHl-pound llosagp was appliNl in InImiddotT onl 1111(1 WhlI( thc ~lshypOllnd ltIo~agl a1gt 11IwatNl nllnudl~ Thl H)-polllld dosag( (alls((] hss illjUI than an of till olltCl DDT tlpatllHllts inlludillg tlH apshypli(atioll of 1(J pounds of nDT onI a pplio( of lHIS

11 dosaWs of DDT injllJp(l l)P nnd oat~ till 1( Iwing tltp 1l1Oll illS((pt i1) 1(

A I1UlIlhpl or ill(stiiutolS 1iI( dllllolIall(] that IH-a dosa4ls of DDT Ot hCIlllll hCXttltllIolitlp ilHOIpoIalpd in till ~()il ~i11 IWJll (PIfain (lOps IIp dosagps how(I alp not lilwlv to Ill IlSld UIlshy~BR nil p(s is H) illipOIIllil (ollollliltally thaI its sj)J(at (nllllO b( ]JPIllliited SIHIt H (as( is lx((ptiollHI and ~ltollid llot h( rOJlfusClt1 with OldillHI plant-pCst (Ol 101 ]llohllnls FlIltlllIIlIOIP otlllI IIglishy(ultulnl (IIIlidenls -lw1l as fll(ili(Is and lillH will also (au~( plant jlljUJ) if 11-(11 ill (X(psil dong(middots

~(IT snlllll doails of SOllll of 111( IllW olgturil inspl kid(middot- alt lflpdip against n llllllllwl of ills(( Plss )[()IlOPI S(Hlll pidplI((

liS olllaillPd ill this illYPstiintioll titnt bllI(ll Iwsa(ltlolitll lllll Ill hpl1Pfieial to plallt glowth alld (TOP ~illd or (OPlHS TItplpjOI( whpIl light doag(middot of tltl Jl( il1pdi(illp haY( h(pll fOllnd to h( lIIp((irp ill (oltl()llill~ a Illst without (tUlil1g a IHt1tlt IlHtI(] and tlllI( it IlO pid(IHP that tlw will (IIS( iPIjolt plant illjuJY (h(jJ IIS PlIlI- jll~t ilild TIJ(r sholll1 not 1)( (Olldllllll(d 1lHIply hlflllN h(a (Iosagls ill (ltc soil (HII~l (JIIl( ltHlltlgP to ((ItHill (II)PS

ExplJinHIlI- (1( II(gUIl Ht FIOIIJll S C ill tltt prillg or IJmiddotIT to S[lId~ Ilw (11((1 or oil HpplicHtiol1s of 1(lIzI( hpxt(hIOlidl D[)T II lid t oxapItPlJp 011 fi ( (IO]S g1O1l ill 1-( I 101 aioll Tlllia Ill( -oil tllltlll(middotltt (11 t((td ill thl(( (XIJ(Iilll(llts Iall xlHIilll(llt WHss(ttlllmiddotd with1 dillPIPIl( (IOp hut tltp-tllll olh((sioll s foll()((i Tolia((() was followltll by a Hlixtllll or oat Hilt lIst Iiall illtlI Iwas (OP(llS 11](gt S((OIHI splillgI(middot (Itt SlOlld Idl (ot(OIl (Ill thitll pJilli and Jrp (II( thild fall Lilwis( I( aftpl (oltOll was 101shym(middotd h to1gtI((O Til (lti- lIlalllI tp-t WplP 111t(h Oil nil till (IOPS (11lt11 YPH I

1)1)1 was upplil(l al 10 lIlld ~() pOI1It(I 1gt(1 n(l( lteh spling lIm1 at 40 and IO() potlllltls ill IlmiddotIT only CottOll did lIot S(PIll to 1)( ntll(tld by lIt DDT (J(alJlI(lltS Th( onl IINlillllllt that sP(lllld to aflltt

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOlL TREATMENTfi ON TOBACCO COfTON COWPEAS 21

tobacco waS the lOO-pound dosage that was applied in 10-17 only This dosage appeared to cause some chlorine injury chalacterized by glossy brittle haves in 1047 tmd to affect the yield and IHlLning qualIty in 1940 11 except the 40-poul1d dosagl~ of DDT afleded COWplUS to some extent but the(gt efl(gt((s were 110t apparent until l)1H Tl~ 100shypound (io3uge signifilantly redmNl the yield of cowpeaR in the hull in 11148 and 1((111(elt1 the stand of plant ill HHx and 10JH The wshypound dosnge did not significlntly aflPlmiddott the (owJ)eHS in any yeaI but the yield of hay and llPUR in till hllli wa les than thnt flolll the untreated cheek in H)Js ThlN annual applications of 10 Ot 20 pOUlHls PPl ael( redu(pltl tb stand and glowl of till cowpea plants The JO(J-poull(l dOSHgP 5((I1I(gt( to letlt(l the gl(Jlh of oats and Austrian winter peas Hy(l wn ulteeptihlp to injury by DDT and lwn [t total of nil POllIHl applied OWl a pEd()(l of WillS r(dll(~d ~()wth under ol11e (onditioll bull Toxa phel1e at ~II ]lOlllH P(l l1)e anllUH 1Ir wa- hs~ i njlIliotl than DDT at the same dosae

Tlclmiltal hlIlZ(llP lilxadlloli(hmiddot (ol1tnlning 1~ ]lpnlIH of gamma hont(] wn~ nppli(d HIUll1fllly llt 117 IHHul(b (gt(1 1I1lP amI at l~i Jl()ull(l~ with ~) ]gtOllIlIb of DDT III llJT IgtPIIZtIll hlXiHhlolidp wn pplipd HI-o ttt l~ pound pel 1llI( IUl(1 at -l POllll(l with l1 V()l1J1(l~ of DDT _11 thesl tl(atlllll1tmiddot aflp(middotttt tlU lIayoL or t Itt tobn(((j in 1HT the (Jill WitI in hhmiddotl ml (pt-- tl( IIlIHlp TIll )11- lind t~middot J)(Jllllll doaglmiddot p(hap(l tIll 1Uld of a Oot kLlOt-Ip-itnnt vnlilty of toiHU(O ill 1)middot~7 wl(p tlw plallt- W(I( trnn--planlld -hortly artpI tlt( ius((tilidp ltntllllllI appliP(1 In WmiddotI tlllimiddotI1 nIl (lolgl gan ~ml( lolltlOl of tIll loot kllot lltlIHlIOdl all ill llmiddotUJ a -lilttlv hidIP1 Yitll Wl ol)(uilHd frotH till plot~ thnt ha(lllmiddot((inmiddot(l Ill( 1IIIIlHmiddotit~t Io~np~ ill W+7 III 1lt7 all dOlIp 1(gt1111((1 1111 -tall of (oltoll lwo it WshyplatltPl -hott tftp thljlll(ti(id( hnd lapll npplitd hut ill l1b-(shymiddotJlllllt vIIIIS 1WIlt or til(gt 111111111(111 IUUIlIlII til( lottOll Ill bllIztJlP

lHXtHhlolid( ]i(luO( -P(1ll til illjUlP lW ~(J lItlwlt n (lid DIgtT lUlIl fol sOliii I1llkuO1 l(a oll it appptllcl toimllu-1 tlll itld or lwa- in thl hull BPllZIIH ltlxl(hloIi(l likl DDT llil lwr iidull tn [ol1owiH (orton a nuwh a it (litl IYI followillg (middotOWp(middott Thl Hnmiddottmiddott tong( of l(l1ZIIH 1IIxllltloli(lt illqmlllll l IPlh1ih oiur til ln awl otlt plllIlh ([w-inll lutill Ih 1Jmiddotmiddotf1 -(laoH

UTER TlHF CITED

dl (eOIm n l I Uf 1 It II 11 r E ImRl r n nmiddotJt WIL awl Hu~ 1

11U fnf( r of Imiddot 1 ( II ~IltfI r llH TncTll ClI n If I UIT 1lI TYlf - ( 1 Ex -11 1111 HIt II Ii iilu

121 (mnnll bull 11 II amI InlItl-o I 1 1Jo flH Iln WIHf 11 I 11 rMfiF suIL I l f II tltf TbullbullItl

(011 Ent Ja 1-1 til (~ 1 FInnbullbull YUTtJI J

Hill un( r 00 Il S OF (JIITlft IUl to -011 FIJI IIlE ntsmll UO ltIF TAr~bf nFtfU 111- (~ Bur gil HUli Phwt (11111 I~ j~j (IIIJl poundr)(ImiddotI1

laquo FIlFnR ARTnra ( Ill SllMfTLAT t~PWil fII nJn- I-gt-J( lit JOh 1 Hlt S(lll ~

Ilfptbullbull1 (il SO middot11 ppbull mus ~tl IAIIU - )h Inmn bullbull1 Ibull11bull BIIWIT T )I unl Ii) E Cl

In~O uou m (fUIlfU IS -TtIITlIl JIiR()Wllllltmiddot tIlE rml(11) lLTs SII ITS trncr ox TIn fJr 1 TlY OF flr (ntHI U ~ 1 IJII f bull A~l HPF 40 fl2imiddot (W mus

22 TECIINICALBULLETIN 1017 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(O) GItWSON T ~r nnd PoosF W 10middot1i SOI]TIIImN CORN 1t00rWOnr IS A i~Sl or lNurs OUI ECOll J~It

10 251-256 1llus (7) GmENWOOll DOUGLAS E

1H7 lIeNlmNE ImxACIHoltlUE ANIl wHumouM COXLlIOL 1otH t1c-OIl EJllt 40 724-727

(S) rONES L W llliO 1m INIlIlmlgt )OX1( Jt) SOli HIO()Il()IR~IR FulII 1111(1 llollll bull

Sei(gtllCl Utnll AgT ExpL Stu 11 W) JR--9 illl1S (0) I_AX) l( ( HTON~ ~1 V LAN(msIlm 111 1 0 IS I W 1111lt1

OllISON KJiJ 1048 srullms W1IIl 1I1lI AS A (ONI1I01 F()11 Wll1mOUlS IN lIt1tlGNfeu

lNllS- ljlO(lIl~SS IIEIOUI r~ [111 1~1lt 11111 1111 Qlllll Bshy765 D PI bullbull [PrO(CSSNl)

(10) UOltllIf H E 1111(1 DwrxGII n H 102 I1IJtIIY1O GllOlN(I (1101S (middotHREII II) lHI- IIHIIION 01 lIR~NI(middotI

(OIOIIR 10 rrm SOlI 0111 ltt illS mmiddot7k illlts (ll) Moltltso1l II 11 lWIU II B (IW~Il ~ I~ 11bull and Lllll~lnAl~gtll

lIS TIH IWImiddotmiddot(rs 01- (Itr1I1I IIW SelIL ISI(II(WJS 00 PIAmiddotrs Tour HIOIl Ent 11 171-mi

(12) OKAoI~ W lt lli-l7 UIs wITH ZEI~ InXA(IUOltlllt 10111 B(IIn Elli middot10 lmiddotmiddot

lH (J) PlgtPH nfl~middot B YIIRON (I~HTON A lind C~fIlImI bullbull OIlX (

11)17 IItN7IX~~ lJISACIIIOltllll) AXil OlHEH (O~I~ll1IflS FOlt (oorItOI cW WI1t~ WOrt~li 111SII0 10ll(lR 10UI l~~((Jtl BilL 10 77 70

1]4) KIITII 1N1II n 11lII I-ZIIbullbull ~Lltll Fl l1H7 SOlI lWU(lOIWNlSltS AllH wnXnll It SOlII- 01 lll~ NI~W lIHXIIshy

(JI)~il Soil Hel Hut Anur lrm 12 27 middotaa IlllIs (15) SNYlJ~~ltT (

lIla (1101S IU1IIIU IX It(IEII Oil II 111111-1 1I~h Rill (p 11ol ~O( lro( n ~ 4amp0-1

(Hi) 81JTI ToYl) L nnd ]~ANROX Jums 10middot10 PlInorOSHiTY 1I1l OFINtIIlrY Of- nmlIIIR Ortoo IX sou

Illt-Nr~1l I]-U J1ISE(middotrI(middotUl~S rOllt 1~(middot(Il( ]0)11( j (]4 --Gl7 Ii I middotNm(WWmiddotl~~ ( 1I0RNEll G M lUHI KtT()X ( II

lOan r1l1ltoJ)t(Tn~oEsS 01 CElIllN OtWIllW SOli AS mIIn1l 10 lgAIl I11SENITt SItY ((e~ltIAt101IS ioil S(middotI oJ 2(1~-2J1 ill liS bull

(18) WlrrrA~1 S K 1 1fJR s~rtNIlJI IN sons r H )tpt gr Y(IIIl)Wk was SiOmiddotSH

nil) WnsoNr K bullbull nud CUOCDlIllT 11 S HHG ~~FOS ()~ Illrr ON C~~IllAIN )(J(IlOlltOIOOI(AL l1l0(ISS~S JX Tit I SOlf

0111 Bcon Eltt 30 GJ7-5aH (20) ----- Ilnd (HOtUHlII H R

1DM nm tFPIWI (W mOZNI H~XA(HL_OltTJr ON SOli OUGAXI$lS lOllI Agr H(s 77 2-r-~2

(21) WIISOX Lom n 10at EVPt(TS OF (lllOltISe J1110~[In 1111 )leOUINg 011 THt~ TOIAceo lL11T bull

bull 1our gl HiS 4( R80-SUO IIus (22) Youxo H e 11Illtl (lIM 1 B

lOmiddottS sonrltlAt~nTS wnn H1Jrro (O1TuOr lin WIttI~IlINmn I~r~nI T K Hul I~nt ntHl Plant QUill )middotiiO S IP [I)nHl~s(d1

bull oorsall hy tlw ~lIperlutcnlf(flt of ()(lilIl1wutS t flOIerJuiirlt Prlntlll OJll(~

Wt~hrlltton 2~ 1)0 bull Irk~15 (~nts

IF

EFFECT OF SOIL TREAfMEoNfS ON TOBACCO CO~rTONJ COWPJlAS 15

RESULTS IN 1949

In 1949 there was a poor stand of cotton owing to adverse weather

bull However the stand was fairly uniform and there was no evidence of any dunage from the insecticide treatments The height of the plants on July V was uniform-ootween Hi and 18 inches Ul1favorable weather throughout the gLowing season and damage by the boll weevil resulted in extremely low ywlds--50 to 88 pounds of seed cotton per acre

WINTER COVER CROPS

PROCEDURE

Rye [Uldlt mixture of oats and Austrian winter peas were grown as cover crops each year The Abruzzi vIlriety of rye Cokers Victor Grain oats and Dixie Vondel Austrian winter peas were used rhe rye was planted as a sepamte crop whereas the oats and winter peas were mixed before being plantecl These crops were planted by means of a grain chill

RESULTS IN 1948

bull

Owing to an ullusual1y rainy fall in 1047 it waS not possible to plant the cover crops until December For this reason the growth was poor and no effort was made to obtain samples However by 11arch 1948 the rye and oats had been damaged by the two heavy dosages of benzene hexachloride and the 100-pound dosage of DDT The stand of the Austrian winter peas was poor and it was not possible to make a reliable estimate of the effect of the insecticides on these plants

RESULTS IN ] 949

The 194D crops were planted on Novcmber 12 1D48 [lnd sampled for comparative yields on the following March 11 The stand of Austrian winter peas waS poor cOllsequently it was not possible to make separate estimatcs or to take separate samples of this crop However for comparatiyc yiplcls oJ each of the three experiments five similarly located samples of foliage were taken from each plot Each sample consisted of the foliage irom 8 feet of row

bull

Table ( shows tllat the insecticides ewsccl more injury to the rye than to the oats and Austlitlll wintel pens and that the effect on the rye was quite differcnt after eaeh crop T~le severest injury occurred where rye foHowed tobacco ancl cowpeas ll1 the rotation and where the soil type witS of It Bght sand 1he cowpeas were removed fIom the plots before the rye was planted (experiment A) and this reducshytion in organic matter may have influcnced the results HOwever subsequent York has indicated that the soU type was also an imporshytant factor Where rye followed cotton in the rotation and the cotton was plowed under before the Covel crop was planted (experi-middot ment C) the damage ras much less noticeable 11Owever the soil where this experiment was located is heavier than that where experishyment A was located In the experiment where the severest injl1ly occurred (experiment A) the three hewiest dosages of DDT md the heaviest dosage of benzene hexachloride injured the plnnts

16 ~ECHNrcAL BFLLETIN lOliJ U S DEPT OF AGlUCUJJTUHE

TABlE (i-Tolemllce of (o)ej (IOPS dlllillj the win tel of I[)~8-4) to inyecticides ((pplied to the 80il in the splillj of 1947 Wi indircdcd by the weight of l)lallts illcludinrl oots in 1M jlft of (hm IOU

Experi- I Experi- Bxperishylllellt A Illent B ment C bull

TrcatshyInsecticidcs (pounds per acrltl mcnt 0 llylt folshy Oats and ]lyc folshylowing winter lowing

I cowpea pens collon

---~-- 1--- Pounds POIllels Pounds

Untrcatltd cl1(ck _1 118 5 3 10 J DDT

10 1 _______ bull - I 2 103 1 3 10720 i __ __ _ _ ___ _ I 73 G 2 g 040 ________ 1 55 42 11 I

-100 1 ) 32 3 () 6 0 Benzene hcxachlori(h (technical)167 1bullbull _____ bull ___________ _ o U 2 3 8 10 middotl

833____ __ __ _ I 7 0 ] 3 (j 7 ) 125 + DDT 25 1_ _ S 71 1 2 11 1 50 + DDT 10- __ U 6 n 1 2 n (j

Toxaphene 20 1 ___ 10 8 5 a 8 127 Difference required for Rirlifmiddot

ieallee at 5-percenL le(middot1 --- -_ I 3 7 3 (j

1 Rcpcatcclallnllally before thc spring crops werc plauted 1 Xot significant according to the F test

bull

bullFIGtJllE 2-Stllnd fint growth oC ry( in (xl)(rilll(ut A ill 1Hl 1 On IU 1111shytreated plot II 011 II plot ghPl1 DIYI t1cnl11IlI1 No e 011 t plot g-h(1l benzcnchcxllchlorid( irelltment No7 iJ 011 It plot ghPII tOXlIllhlIll tleatmPlIl No 10

FFE(T OF mL TIUT~ ET- 0- TOBC(O (OTTOS COWPEMi 17

-OIllP ppct- (J I- t h( i Il(ctilidl- Oil tIll IP nt( ill 11( In Itd ]y a (Olll shyjlHliOll or ~ullplp- flOIll th llli I(atpd (In(k (fi~~bull 11 ith Ullplls JIomplotsl((piYtllgthp 111l)pmIlHI doal 01 1)1)1 (fi~~1J1 and tIll

bull -~J)(IIIIl(l dougl or 11(11l7P)Il hlxHlltlo)idl (fi~ 2 (J Ill ~llpOllld dOSH( or IOXlpltllIl t Ii ~l)l did 1Iot ildfknlllly Ipdwl I Ill yh-Id dtltoll1t till [owtlt or (it 11 Wll- ttllIId (Ii ll 111 (]I(llishyIlltllt ( Ollhmiddot til( 1IlIipt dOHI or nllT lI111l or 1)(11I7lI](1 1w1shy(middothlOli([(middot hatllll l d 111( IYP plallt tIPIP Olt- alld II~tliltl11 ill(pI

IHI 1111( IHmiddotd II I (()Pl (IOP tIX[JlliIlHll1t HI lIP yi(ltd rot nIl

bull

bull I 5 7 10 FIiI~It~ ntnplmiddot Ill pIHIlt- ittlltlllill~ It frlllll VillI trllll (flPIi1IH1I1 or

tJp rt~ Plitmiddot in IHIU rpnIHI lft~atItH1HI t bull 1 Hud Itl

18 rECE-INICAL BtJLLETIN 1047 1 S DEPT OF AGlUCULlURE

treated plots was lowel than for the rhCCk but the ditTelCIJ(C was not statistically significant In this connection the soil where this exshypetimCnt was lorated is somewhat hCaiCl tlmn that JOl lxpeliment A but lightCr than tllllt fOr Cxpllill1Cnt C Praetically CClY plot that had been treatel with the beaviest dost1r(gt of benzene hexnchlolide conl(l be loratNl by the lrddish color of the plants

RESULlS J 1950

Thl toyer (rops WPle plnntNl 011 O(toil(t 27 IfJ-~l hut the stand of plallt~ was so pOOl thry were plantCltlngllin 011 NO(lllhll 11 Nille sltllJples welC takpn flom loeat iolls ill Caell plot fot yiCIlt1 brtwPln MaLch 11 and 2~ Eueh sample eomistrd or the yirhl from a 4-SqllHlP-Joot alCll Owing to the v(Itintirlll in the stand of winh1 1 pens and oats in YariOllS P11t of the fiCllt] it wa~ not possiblr to obtain an t(ematp estimate of theil yicl1s howCYPI) the Y1P1lt1 otlyt in rxpClimPllts A ancl B was studied (table 7)

In CxPtilll(llt A hl( )e followed (otton thC plot in which the lOo-pound rnte of DDT was appliC(l ill 1047 J)lodue((l tIC ]olRI yield The higl10st Yirld IIOm tLlIyinsrrtieidr hentlllCnt waS flOIll thC LO-pound dmmg( of DDI rqipliNl annually This yirld Wfl~ signifieantly hidH1 thnn that flol11 ])])1 applipcl al 20 pounds anshynually 01 nt 40 01 ](10 pOlllHls in Illmiddot17 only n ws also sig-nificantly hig-hpl than fhl yielltl flolll tlll plots lNlking bll1Zll1P Iwx(J(hlolilt1p at HI7 pOlmlt1s P(t (C annnally or at R~3 pounds IWI a(Il in HH7 only

IIILImiddot 7-Tot J((J([ oj (O( I mls dl(itt1 Iii lIil1r I 0 ItfJmiddotO 0 inR((li(id(~ 1111llilll to tIll wi ill till NIJinl 0 IfJff wlt illtlh(dul 1111 flu ( hIlt 0 Jlftwls ilrllidillff (lois Oil In WlO1 it It

EX[lrinHllt Explrin1ul A B

Tnmiddotltl nHnt Xo

H 1( follu- HI [ fallnwshyiil (lt1[101 illl (OlPlllgt

111111 I IItwdsIll rllt[d (llIIk 2l 1 -103DDT

10 I 2 21 0 25 62() J a 21 R 11 middot10 I la I 35 ~ JOO gt la2 2( l

BIII7(middotII(middot lllxllthlori( ~ 1 [(lwj[11I ~ lIL7 I () InO 22 I 833 7 In7 I(t 7 125 ()UT2iil x 17 middot1 253 50 bull DDT 10 I 20 a 20 3

JoxIlph(H( 20 I 10 I1I a 10 0 DifrPf(w( nmiddotqllinmiddot(1 for ~hliifi(un((

ItI 1-rWrl(l t 11 pi ~t f) S8

bull

bull

bull

r

KFFI~CT Oh SOIL TIH~ATlIENTS OX ronAeCO COTTON) COWPEAS 19

YhclC lYC Io]owtd (OWPtlIS in the Iotalioll PXPlIillltlll n) the seVercst injury O((IIlTPd in plo(~ tl(utt(I with I) POllIHh of LWl1zlne

bull

bull

bull

hlxfiehlodd(gt ill 10H olllr HIH1 willi () pOIIJHIgt of DDT anlluall) The yi(kls JrOf)l all tl(ntmtlll (lX(tpt lht middotJ()pollIHl closagl of nUT apshyplitd intl-IT ollly W(lP sipllifi(Hntly I(ss lwn tIl( 1IIItl(at(ltI (hcck

TIIP inPtiehlps WPIP iJll()Ipolatpl ill (il( -oil HI as to tlst in as ~hOlt u ppliod as possiblp dosags (olllpn Ialll to )psidllPS t ha t III ig-ht (gtYPIII 11 uII) builtl up ill PIH ie JloWl (1 it is dOl rn1 whpUHl (hI H((Ulllulntiolls tllnt wltlull1 I(slli floUl nOlllial applicalion of the illp(tici(1ps to foiiaw wOlllrllll (olllpalnlll to til( high (Josag-l llsll(1 l[Ol of Olll ins(gt(t I)(Slt HIt (OIlIIOllPlt1 hy folial appli(Htionllt oj inmiddot llaquo(tiPicp S(lllll of hillI is dOllhtlp In thlolluh lipan IHillS and wind lIHl til(IPloll 11((1 1)((0111( ilHolpolu(ldiJlIO II( -oil

Lk of faeilil iP1 ntHdp jt lI((l1ltHI~ to lilllit thl 111I1ll](I of Ippli(alp to foUl This b 1IllfOltllllatl a- (hp (XPlIiIllPllta1 PIIOI HS IIII P ~OIlH of till (lilfplPIl((gtlt althoug-h within till liuIis or lXIHIilllllltd (1101 WPlP so iall tllrtt (he (otlJ(l not 1)( iU-1l0Ipd and tiw wpre tllPlpfOlp (ollsirhI(ci ill tlip illplpl(tntioJl of Ihp l(sldlfl

Toxaphplp at til(middot Ia(p lI-pcl Wllt h- (oxi( to IIll (IOPS s(udipd than nDT or h(lIz(lll iHXl(hioliltil HowlnI til( WpOllllll d()sa~( IP wrttld for 1ypal hOWld (idpllep ol l)(Iin (Oxi( (0 plaa

It npl)(tt that til(gt (Ifllt of DIYI and bPIl7PIH lllxHchlolidl 011 the (IOps -tlldil(l W(1( (l(i[HIHj(ll( lIj)OIl n llUlllbpl of II(IIIIS iJl(iultiillu raiJifal1 lind olhl1 lt(11lt01111 lOllliitionllt thl cJop (II( -oil [YjlP the iJl~(((ilid( till d()~HUP thl 111111]11 01 palS thp illspdi(idl had 1gt((n ill I lip ltoiL alld 1 lit middotII()1 lOllioll 111( 1middot(t1t~ olJtaill(d dllring aJV OJ( (HI (1( dillPI(llt flOll1 tli)~l 101 -oOI1H ulll(i (HI and II ((Himiddot

(llIi1I1I 1m-d 011 1 01 WillS 1ltlIlts llIiiH Ill 11Ii-lladinu fhp (middotn((( of hPIIZPIH l1lXllcltloli(ip OJl (oha((o nlui (olhlll aJiprl

(olliltillu bl d lIri 1Ig Ih ~middotYln I plliod ~h(llp it n- 11 ppl ipltl nt 31 pOI1IHj~ Ind at ~U pOIIIHilt plllltJ pound- or DDf ppl JI(IP and tlip (Iop- W(IP pia 1I1tmiddot([ lthol( I t hlIla n(I Jo( It (IOPS WPIP PI( I) dUlllll((1 Til ltuiJ-((pHIH SPIlIlt hOWII till (oltOIl Wt not injulpd and lH(iI-P of (hI (ol1tlOl of ((lot kllOl IlPlllatodl aJld poltilJlr o(lill h111111111 -oil olwlllilll- till rhll of toJa((o ill lll as inmiddotIla~((1

11 doag(middot (if lWIIZ(IH h~xa(hlolid [(s[prJ gtnmiddot an IIIH1pirahlp (n(p (0 (ohmII) This wn lIot slllpli~illf ill yi( or J[)()Jls tliat i( (lu-pcI olr-lIaol in lt)(11 fowl (IOlb a Jl()(n(()(~ (1110(lt nnd (Ollmtoplt III otlHl studi 1) I Ill spniol alltlul hi (oo]l(Inli(11I with til( (olJl((()

illtlll~t IY folilgl appl1(u tioll- of (oxa plHlll a1-0 gilP nil IIIIII(-i Ilhll tastl 10 tltilJl(o Offmiddotfhlol r-gt II IIill froll (lIP 11-( ofill-((ti(iC(s way llt ((fwd) as tlIHipsilnhl( a- tll( lohity of tIl( 11IHIlIjnb 10 plU1ts

11 dosngls of 1(lIiPII( Ipxwhloljlh (UJ-(I] ~()Ill[ injun- to )( and oats nlthough injury fl(1JI1 thl Jiglltl1 (losiI(lt I~ not ~o ~iplt II~ [10111 ih( lwnj(ll (lmill~(s

Til (J1pml b(J)Z(ll( h(lxl1rhlolidl applnlN] to iJl(Ipaltp til( gTowth nlHI i(ld of r()w]lPlls fl(Hlch Jaij(d to lthow fill din(gtJPJlp~ III tlil JllIlIlh(IS of inR((tR ()l ofhpl )lPsts that (oult han H((Olmtpd 101 the difl)PIH(s ill lil( ~l()th and yipld of this (10]) OhsPIntloJ1 ()Il tohn((() show((1 that (hl il1pdi(iti( ((mIJOlhd til( Ioot kllot 1111111(0lt1(

rr

20 lEGHNfCAr B(TI~tETIX 1017bull 1- g DEPT OF MmrCtLlURE

11owenJ tlH YllJi(t- of (O]gt(as ~J(ln BJnhhnlll is pllltially resistshyant to ntis 11(gtlIlltolt1e llnd itis (loubtful whether its (ontTol eould acshycount Jot the ineJlased yi(middotlds

DDT eli d 1I0t SPtlll to inj u1( (ot( on H did not ea 115( SO Jl1 le11 c1amugl to toba((o liS dhl 1)(11(11( lltXtl(h loli(e The lOll-pound ((osage appl i(d ollly ill H)middott7 (a listll (h IOli Ill sylll ptOJllS i n t11(~ ioha((o plants in llJT early in tlwir gJowth hilt 111( plallt olltgJ( thelll Ill( dry wrHtll(J und thr faet that I Ill tohHtO was plalliNl soon dtlJ thl inselttieidps (J( appliNI may han hllped (III1Sl Ih(s( SYlIlptOIlIS Ih(J( WtlS SOli 1(gt (itlPIIll 1gtu I 110 dltfi II i Ie PIOO f t lIa t (h is dOSHil ilIj I Ied the lobuclo plans in lJjmiddotD NOl1l of till othlr dosages aHdrt lIP tobH((O

Fllt iIWmiddot(s 110 clalllngl to (o(I(a5 hy DDT was a ppa I(IIL (Ylll hy tlll j()()-polllld dosHg( but hy lHD all (]osagls (x((pt till W-polllld tlosa~p (t (flllHing SOlll( (lIlJllng( Th( injllJ) WlIS 1110-1 S(plC h(I( l1H lIHl-pound llosagp was appliNl in InImiddotT onl 1111(1 WhlI( thc ~lshypOllnd ltIo~agl a1gt 11IwatNl nllnudl~ Thl H)-polllld dosag( (alls((] hss illjUI than an of till olltCl DDT tlpatllHllts inlludillg tlH apshypli(atioll of 1(J pounds of nDT onI a pplio( of lHIS

11 dosaWs of DDT injllJp(l l)P nnd oat~ till 1( Iwing tltp 1l1Oll illS((pt i1) 1(

A I1UlIlhpl or ill(stiiutolS 1iI( dllllolIall(] that IH-a dosa4ls of DDT Ot hCIlllll hCXttltllIolitlp ilHOIpoIalpd in till ~()il ~i11 IWJll (PIfain (lOps IIp dosagps how(I alp not lilwlv to Ill IlSld UIlshy~BR nil p(s is H) illipOIIllil (ollollliltally thaI its sj)J(at (nllllO b( ]JPIllliited SIHIt H (as( is lx((ptiollHI and ~ltollid llot h( rOJlfusClt1 with OldillHI plant-pCst (Ol 101 ]llohllnls FlIltlllIIlIOIP otlllI IIglishy(ultulnl (IIIlidenls -lw1l as fll(ili(Is and lillH will also (au~( plant jlljUJ) if 11-(11 ill (X(psil dong(middots

~(IT snlllll doails of SOllll of 111( IllW olgturil inspl kid(middot- alt lflpdip against n llllllllwl of ills(( Plss )[()IlOPI S(Hlll pidplI((

liS olllaillPd ill this illYPstiintioll titnt bllI(ll Iwsa(ltlolitll lllll Ill hpl1Pfieial to plallt glowth alld (TOP ~illd or (OPlHS TItplpjOI( whpIl light doag(middot of tltl Jl( il1pdi(illp haY( h(pll fOllnd to h( lIIp((irp ill (oltl()llill~ a Illst without (tUlil1g a IHt1tlt IlHtI(] and tlllI( it IlO pid(IHP that tlw will (IIS( iPIjolt plant illjuJY (h(jJ IIS PlIlI- jll~t ilild TIJ(r sholll1 not 1)( (Olldllllll(d 1lHIply hlflllN h(a (Iosagls ill (ltc soil (HII~l (JIIl( ltHlltlgP to ((ItHill (II)PS

ExplJinHIlI- (1( II(gUIl Ht FIOIIJll S C ill tltt prillg or IJmiddotIT to S[lId~ Ilw (11((1 or oil HpplicHtiol1s of 1(lIzI( hpxt(hIOlidl D[)T II lid t oxapItPlJp 011 fi ( (IO]S g1O1l ill 1-( I 101 aioll Tlllia Ill( -oil tllltlll(middotltt (11 t((td ill thl(( (XIJ(Iilll(llts Iall xlHIilll(llt WHss(ttlllmiddotd with1 dillPIPIl( (IOp hut tltp-tllll olh((sioll s foll()((i Tolia((() was followltll by a Hlixtllll or oat Hilt lIst Iiall illtlI Iwas (OP(llS 11](gt S((OIHI splillgI(middot (Itt SlOlld Idl (ot(OIl (Ill thitll pJilli and Jrp (II( thild fall Lilwis( I( aftpl (oltOll was 101shym(middotd h to1gtI((O Til (lti- lIlalllI tp-t WplP 111t(h Oil nil till (IOPS (11lt11 YPH I

1)1)1 was upplil(l al 10 lIlld ~() pOI1It(I 1gt(1 n(l( lteh spling lIm1 at 40 and IO() potlllltls ill IlmiddotIT only CottOll did lIot S(PIll to 1)( ntll(tld by lIt DDT (J(alJlI(lltS Th( onl IINlillllllt that sP(lllld to aflltt

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOlL TREATMENTfi ON TOBACCO COfTON COWPEAS 21

tobacco waS the lOO-pound dosage that was applied in 10-17 only This dosage appeared to cause some chlorine injury chalacterized by glossy brittle haves in 1047 tmd to affect the yield and IHlLning qualIty in 1940 11 except the 40-poul1d dosagl~ of DDT afleded COWplUS to some extent but the(gt efl(gt((s were 110t apparent until l)1H Tl~ 100shypound (io3uge signifilantly redmNl the yield of cowpeaR in the hull in 11148 and 1((111(elt1 the stand of plant ill HHx and 10JH The wshypound dosnge did not significlntly aflPlmiddott the (owJ)eHS in any yeaI but the yield of hay and llPUR in till hllli wa les than thnt flolll the untreated cheek in H)Js ThlN annual applications of 10 Ot 20 pOUlHls PPl ael( redu(pltl tb stand and glowl of till cowpea plants The JO(J-poull(l dOSHgP 5((I1I(gt( to letlt(l the gl(Jlh of oats and Austrian winter peas Hy(l wn ulteeptihlp to injury by DDT and lwn [t total of nil POllIHl applied OWl a pEd()(l of WillS r(dll(~d ~()wth under ol11e (onditioll bull Toxa phel1e at ~II ]lOlllH P(l l1)e anllUH 1Ir wa- hs~ i njlIliotl than DDT at the same dosae

Tlclmiltal hlIlZ(llP lilxadlloli(hmiddot (ol1tnlning 1~ ]lpnlIH of gamma hont(] wn~ nppli(d HIUll1fllly llt 117 IHHul(b (gt(1 1I1lP amI at l~i Jl()ull(l~ with ~) ]gtOllIlIb of DDT III llJT IgtPIIZtIll hlXiHhlolidp wn pplipd HI-o ttt l~ pound pel 1llI( IUl(1 at -l POllll(l with l1 V()l1J1(l~ of DDT _11 thesl tl(atlllll1tmiddot aflp(middotttt tlU lIayoL or t Itt tobn(((j in 1HT the (Jill WitI in hhmiddotl ml (pt-- tl( IIlIHlp TIll )11- lind t~middot J)(Jllllll doaglmiddot p(hap(l tIll 1Uld of a Oot kLlOt-Ip-itnnt vnlilty of toiHU(O ill 1)middot~7 wl(p tlw plallt- W(I( trnn--planlld -hortly artpI tlt( ius((tilidp ltntllllllI appliP(1 In WmiddotI tlllimiddotI1 nIl (lolgl gan ~ml( lolltlOl of tIll loot kllot lltlIHlIOdl all ill llmiddotUJ a -lilttlv hidIP1 Yitll Wl ol)(uilHd frotH till plot~ thnt ha(lllmiddot((inmiddot(l Ill( 1IIIIlHmiddotit~t Io~np~ ill W+7 III 1lt7 all dOlIp 1(gt1111((1 1111 -tall of (oltoll lwo it WshyplatltPl -hott tftp thljlll(ti(id( hnd lapll npplitd hut ill l1b-(shymiddotJlllllt vIIIIS 1WIlt or til(gt 111111111(111 IUUIlIlII til( lottOll Ill bllIztJlP

lHXtHhlolid( ]i(luO( -P(1ll til illjUlP lW ~(J lItlwlt n (lid DIgtT lUlIl fol sOliii I1llkuO1 l(a oll it appptllcl toimllu-1 tlll itld or lwa- in thl hull BPllZIIH ltlxl(hloIi(l likl DDT llil lwr iidull tn [ol1owiH (orton a nuwh a it (litl IYI followillg (middotOWp(middott Thl Hnmiddottmiddott tong( of l(l1ZIIH 1IIxllltloli(lt illqmlllll l IPlh1ih oiur til ln awl otlt plllIlh ([w-inll lutill Ih 1Jmiddotmiddotf1 -(laoH

UTER TlHF CITED

dl (eOIm n l I Uf 1 It II 11 r E ImRl r n nmiddotJt WIL awl Hu~ 1

11U fnf( r of Imiddot 1 ( II ~IltfI r llH TncTll ClI n If I UIT 1lI TYlf - ( 1 Ex -11 1111 HIt II Ii iilu

121 (mnnll bull 11 II amI InlItl-o I 1 1Jo flH Iln WIHf 11 I 11 rMfiF suIL I l f II tltf TbullbullItl

(011 Ent Ja 1-1 til (~ 1 FInnbullbull YUTtJI J

Hill un( r 00 Il S OF (JIITlft IUl to -011 FIJI IIlE ntsmll UO ltIF TAr~bf nFtfU 111- (~ Bur gil HUli Phwt (11111 I~ j~j (IIIJl poundr)(ImiddotI1

laquo FIlFnR ARTnra ( Ill SllMfTLAT t~PWil fII nJn- I-gt-J( lit JOh 1 Hlt S(lll ~

Ilfptbullbull1 (il SO middot11 ppbull mus ~tl IAIIU - )h Inmn bullbull1 Ibull11bull BIIWIT T )I unl Ii) E Cl

In~O uou m (fUIlfU IS -TtIITlIl JIiR()Wllllltmiddot tIlE rml(11) lLTs SII ITS trncr ox TIn fJr 1 TlY OF flr (ntHI U ~ 1 IJII f bull A~l HPF 40 fl2imiddot (W mus

22 TECIINICALBULLETIN 1017 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(O) GItWSON T ~r nnd PoosF W 10middot1i SOI]TIIImN CORN 1t00rWOnr IS A i~Sl or lNurs OUI ECOll J~It

10 251-256 1llus (7) GmENWOOll DOUGLAS E

1H7 lIeNlmNE ImxACIHoltlUE ANIl wHumouM COXLlIOL 1otH t1c-OIl EJllt 40 724-727

(S) rONES L W llliO 1m INIlIlmlgt )OX1( Jt) SOli HIO()Il()IR~IR FulII 1111(1 llollll bull

Sei(gtllCl Utnll AgT ExpL Stu 11 W) JR--9 illl1S (0) I_AX) l( ( HTON~ ~1 V LAN(msIlm 111 1 0 IS I W 1111lt1

OllISON KJiJ 1048 srullms W1IIl 1I1lI AS A (ONI1I01 F()11 Wll1mOUlS IN lIt1tlGNfeu

lNllS- ljlO(lIl~SS IIEIOUI r~ [111 1~1lt 11111 1111 Qlllll Bshy765 D PI bullbull [PrO(CSSNl)

(10) UOltllIf H E 1111(1 DwrxGII n H 102 I1IJtIIY1O GllOlN(I (1101S (middotHREII II) lHI- IIHIIION 01 lIR~NI(middotI

(OIOIIR 10 rrm SOlI 0111 ltt illS mmiddot7k illlts (ll) Moltltso1l II 11 lWIU II B (IW~Il ~ I~ 11bull and Lllll~lnAl~gtll

lIS TIH IWImiddotmiddot(rs 01- (Itr1I1I IIW SelIL ISI(II(WJS 00 PIAmiddotrs Tour HIOIl Ent 11 171-mi

(12) OKAoI~ W lt lli-l7 UIs wITH ZEI~ InXA(IUOltlllt 10111 B(IIn Elli middot10 lmiddotmiddot

lH (J) PlgtPH nfl~middot B YIIRON (I~HTON A lind C~fIlImI bullbull OIlX (

11)17 IItN7IX~~ lJISACIIIOltllll) AXil OlHEH (O~I~ll1IflS FOlt (oorItOI cW WI1t~ WOrt~li 111SII0 10ll(lR 10UI l~~((Jtl BilL 10 77 70

1]4) KIITII 1N1II n 11lII I-ZIIbullbull ~Lltll Fl l1H7 SOlI lWU(lOIWNlSltS AllH wnXnll It SOlII- 01 lll~ NI~W lIHXIIshy

(JI)~il Soil Hel Hut Anur lrm 12 27 middotaa IlllIs (15) SNYlJ~~ltT (

lIla (1101S IU1IIIU IX It(IEII Oil II 111111-1 1I~h Rill (p 11ol ~O( lro( n ~ 4amp0-1

(Hi) 81JTI ToYl) L nnd ]~ANROX Jums 10middot10 PlInorOSHiTY 1I1l OFINtIIlrY Of- nmlIIIR Ortoo IX sou

Illt-Nr~1l I]-U J1ISE(middotrI(middotUl~S rOllt 1~(middot(Il( ]0)11( j (]4 --Gl7 Ii I middotNm(WWmiddotl~~ ( 1I0RNEll G M lUHI KtT()X ( II

lOan r1l1ltoJ)t(Tn~oEsS 01 CElIllN OtWIllW SOli AS mIIn1l 10 lgAIl I11SENITt SItY ((e~ltIAt101IS ioil S(middotI oJ 2(1~-2J1 ill liS bull

(18) WlrrrA~1 S K 1 1fJR s~rtNIlJI IN sons r H )tpt gr Y(IIIl)Wk was SiOmiddotSH

nil) WnsoNr K bullbull nud CUOCDlIllT 11 S HHG ~~FOS ()~ Illrr ON C~~IllAIN )(J(IlOlltOIOOI(AL l1l0(ISS~S JX Tit I SOlf

0111 Bcon Eltt 30 GJ7-5aH (20) ----- Ilnd (HOtUHlII H R

1DM nm tFPIWI (W mOZNI H~XA(HL_OltTJr ON SOli OUGAXI$lS lOllI Agr H(s 77 2-r-~2

(21) WIISOX Lom n 10at EVPt(TS OF (lllOltISe J1110~[In 1111 )leOUINg 011 THt~ TOIAceo lL11T bull

bull 1our gl HiS 4( R80-SUO IIus (22) Youxo H e 11Illtl (lIM 1 B

lOmiddottS sonrltlAt~nTS wnn H1Jrro (O1TuOr lin WIttI~IlINmn I~r~nI T K Hul I~nt ntHl Plant QUill )middotiiO S IP [I)nHl~s(d1

bull oorsall hy tlw ~lIperlutcnlf(flt of ()(lilIl1wutS t flOIerJuiirlt Prlntlll OJll(~

Wt~hrlltton 2~ 1)0 bull Irk~15 (~nts

16 ~ECHNrcAL BFLLETIN lOliJ U S DEPT OF AGlUCUJJTUHE

TABlE (i-Tolemllce of (o)ej (IOPS dlllillj the win tel of I[)~8-4) to inyecticides ((pplied to the 80il in the splillj of 1947 Wi indircdcd by the weight of l)lallts illcludinrl oots in 1M jlft of (hm IOU

Experi- I Experi- Bxperishylllellt A Illent B ment C bull

TrcatshyInsecticidcs (pounds per acrltl mcnt 0 llylt folshy Oats and ]lyc folshylowing winter lowing

I cowpea pens collon

---~-- 1--- Pounds POIllels Pounds

Untrcatltd cl1(ck _1 118 5 3 10 J DDT

10 1 _______ bull - I 2 103 1 3 10720 i __ __ _ _ ___ _ I 73 G 2 g 040 ________ 1 55 42 11 I

-100 1 ) 32 3 () 6 0 Benzene hcxachlori(h (technical)167 1bullbull _____ bull ___________ _ o U 2 3 8 10 middotl

833____ __ __ _ I 7 0 ] 3 (j 7 ) 125 + DDT 25 1_ _ S 71 1 2 11 1 50 + DDT 10- __ U 6 n 1 2 n (j

Toxaphene 20 1 ___ 10 8 5 a 8 127 Difference required for Rirlifmiddot

ieallee at 5-percenL le(middot1 --- -_ I 3 7 3 (j

1 Rcpcatcclallnllally before thc spring crops werc plauted 1 Xot significant according to the F test

bull

bullFIGtJllE 2-Stllnd fint growth oC ry( in (xl)(rilll(ut A ill 1Hl 1 On IU 1111shytreated plot II 011 II plot ghPl1 DIYI t1cnl11IlI1 No e 011 t plot g-h(1l benzcnchcxllchlorid( irelltment No7 iJ 011 It plot ghPII tOXlIllhlIll tleatmPlIl No 10

FFE(T OF mL TIUT~ ET- 0- TOBC(O (OTTOS COWPEMi 17

-OIllP ppct- (J I- t h( i Il(ctilidl- Oil tIll IP nt( ill 11( In Itd ]y a (Olll shyjlHliOll or ~ullplp- flOIll th llli I(atpd (In(k (fi~~bull 11 ith Ullplls JIomplotsl((piYtllgthp 111l)pmIlHI doal 01 1)1)1 (fi~~1J1 and tIll

bull -~J)(IIIIl(l dougl or 11(11l7P)Il hlxHlltlo)idl (fi~ 2 (J Ill ~llpOllld dOSH( or IOXlpltllIl t Ii ~l)l did 1Iot ildfknlllly Ipdwl I Ill yh-Id dtltoll1t till [owtlt or (it 11 Wll- ttllIId (Ii ll 111 (]I(llishyIlltllt ( Ollhmiddot til( 1IlIipt dOHI or nllT lI111l or 1)(11I7lI](1 1w1shy(middothlOli([(middot hatllll l d 111( IYP plallt tIPIP Olt- alld II~tliltl11 ill(pI

IHI 1111( IHmiddotd II I (()Pl (IOP tIX[JlliIlHll1t HI lIP yi(ltd rot nIl

bull

bull I 5 7 10 FIiI~It~ ntnplmiddot Ill pIHIlt- ittlltlllill~ It frlllll VillI trllll (flPIi1IH1I1 or

tJp rt~ Plitmiddot in IHIU rpnIHI lft~atItH1HI t bull 1 Hud Itl

18 rECE-INICAL BtJLLETIN 1047 1 S DEPT OF AGlUCULlURE

treated plots was lowel than for the rhCCk but the ditTelCIJ(C was not statistically significant In this connection the soil where this exshypetimCnt was lorated is somewhat hCaiCl tlmn that JOl lxpeliment A but lightCr than tllllt fOr Cxpllill1Cnt C Praetically CClY plot that had been treatel with the beaviest dost1r(gt of benzene hexnchlolide conl(l be loratNl by the lrddish color of the plants

RESULlS J 1950

Thl toyer (rops WPle plnntNl 011 O(toil(t 27 IfJ-~l hut the stand of plallt~ was so pOOl thry were plantCltlngllin 011 NO(lllhll 11 Nille sltllJples welC takpn flom loeat iolls ill Caell plot fot yiCIlt1 brtwPln MaLch 11 and 2~ Eueh sample eomistrd or the yirhl from a 4-SqllHlP-Joot alCll Owing to the v(Itintirlll in the stand of winh1 1 pens and oats in YariOllS P11t of the fiCllt] it wa~ not possiblr to obtain an t(ematp estimate of theil yicl1s howCYPI) the Y1P1lt1 otlyt in rxpClimPllts A ancl B was studied (table 7)

In CxPtilll(llt A hl( )e followed (otton thC plot in which the lOo-pound rnte of DDT was appliC(l ill 1047 J)lodue((l tIC ]olRI yield The higl10st Yirld IIOm tLlIyinsrrtieidr hentlllCnt waS flOIll thC LO-pound dmmg( of DDI rqipliNl annually This yirld Wfl~ signifieantly hidH1 thnn that flol11 ])])1 applipcl al 20 pounds anshynually 01 nt 40 01 ](10 pOlllHls in Illmiddot17 only n ws also sig-nificantly hig-hpl than fhl yielltl flolll tlll plots lNlking bll1Zll1P Iwx(J(hlolilt1p at HI7 pOlmlt1s P(t (C annnally or at R~3 pounds IWI a(Il in HH7 only

IIILImiddot 7-Tot J((J([ oj (O( I mls dl(itt1 Iii lIil1r I 0 ItfJmiddotO 0 inR((li(id(~ 1111llilll to tIll wi ill till NIJinl 0 IfJff wlt illtlh(dul 1111 flu ( hIlt 0 Jlftwls ilrllidillff (lois Oil In WlO1 it It

EX[lrinHllt Explrin1ul A B

Tnmiddotltl nHnt Xo

H 1( follu- HI [ fallnwshyiil (lt1[101 illl (OlPlllgt

111111 I IItwdsIll rllt[d (llIIk 2l 1 -103DDT

10 I 2 21 0 25 62() J a 21 R 11 middot10 I la I 35 ~ JOO gt la2 2( l

BIII7(middotII(middot lllxllthlori( ~ 1 [(lwj[11I ~ lIL7 I () InO 22 I 833 7 In7 I(t 7 125 ()UT2iil x 17 middot1 253 50 bull DDT 10 I 20 a 20 3

JoxIlph(H( 20 I 10 I1I a 10 0 DifrPf(w( nmiddotqllinmiddot(1 for ~hliifi(un((

ItI 1-rWrl(l t 11 pi ~t f) S8

bull

bull

bull

r

KFFI~CT Oh SOIL TIH~ATlIENTS OX ronAeCO COTTON) COWPEAS 19

YhclC lYC Io]owtd (OWPtlIS in the Iotalioll PXPlIillltlll n) the seVercst injury O((IIlTPd in plo(~ tl(utt(I with I) POllIHh of LWl1zlne

bull

bull

bull

hlxfiehlodd(gt ill 10H olllr HIH1 willi () pOIIJHIgt of DDT anlluall) The yi(kls JrOf)l all tl(ntmtlll (lX(tpt lht middotJ()pollIHl closagl of nUT apshyplitd intl-IT ollly W(lP sipllifi(Hntly I(ss lwn tIl( 1IIItl(at(ltI (hcck

TIIP inPtiehlps WPIP iJll()Ipolatpl ill (il( -oil HI as to tlst in as ~hOlt u ppliod as possiblp dosags (olllpn Ialll to )psidllPS t ha t III ig-ht (gtYPIII 11 uII) builtl up ill PIH ie JloWl (1 it is dOl rn1 whpUHl (hI H((Ulllulntiolls tllnt wltlull1 I(slli floUl nOlllial applicalion of the illp(tici(1ps to foiiaw wOlllrllll (olllpalnlll to til( high (Josag-l llsll(1 l[Ol of Olll ins(gt(t I)(Slt HIt (OIlIIOllPlt1 hy folial appli(Htionllt oj inmiddot llaquo(tiPicp S(lllll of hillI is dOllhtlp In thlolluh lipan IHillS and wind lIHl til(IPloll 11((1 1)((0111( ilHolpolu(ldiJlIO II( -oil

Lk of faeilil iP1 ntHdp jt lI((l1ltHI~ to lilllit thl 111I1ll](I of Ippli(alp to foUl This b 1IllfOltllllatl a- (hp (XPlIiIllPllta1 PIIOI HS IIII P ~OIlH of till (lilfplPIl((gtlt althoug-h within till liuIis or lXIHIilllllltd (1101 WPlP so iall tllrtt (he (otlJ(l not 1)( iU-1l0Ipd and tiw wpre tllPlpfOlp (ollsirhI(ci ill tlip illplpl(tntioJl of Ihp l(sldlfl

Toxaphplp at til(middot Ia(p lI-pcl Wllt h- (oxi( to IIll (IOPS s(udipd than nDT or h(lIz(lll iHXl(hioliltil HowlnI til( WpOllllll d()sa~( IP wrttld for 1ypal hOWld (idpllep ol l)(Iin (Oxi( (0 plaa

It npl)(tt that til(gt (Ifllt of DIYI and bPIl7PIH lllxHchlolidl 011 the (IOps -tlldil(l W(1( (l(i[HIHj(ll( lIj)OIl n llUlllbpl of II(IIIIS iJl(iultiillu raiJifal1 lind olhl1 lt(11lt01111 lOllliitionllt thl cJop (II( -oil [YjlP the iJl~(((ilid( till d()~HUP thl 111111]11 01 palS thp illspdi(idl had 1gt((n ill I lip ltoiL alld 1 lit middotII()1 lOllioll 111( 1middot(t1t~ olJtaill(d dllring aJV OJ( (HI (1( dillPI(llt flOll1 tli)~l 101 -oOI1H ulll(i (HI and II ((Himiddot

(llIi1I1I 1m-d 011 1 01 WillS 1ltlIlts llIiiH Ill 11Ii-lladinu fhp (middotn((( of hPIIZPIH l1lXllcltloli(ip OJl (oha((o nlui (olhlll aJiprl

(olliltillu bl d lIri 1Ig Ih ~middotYln I plliod ~h(llp it n- 11 ppl ipltl nt 31 pOI1IHj~ Ind at ~U pOIIIHilt plllltJ pound- or DDf ppl JI(IP and tlip (Iop- W(IP pia 1I1tmiddot([ lthol( I t hlIla n(I Jo( It (IOPS WPIP PI( I) dUlllll((1 Til ltuiJ-((pHIH SPIlIlt hOWII till (oltOIl Wt not injulpd and lH(iI-P of (hI (ol1tlOl of ((lot kllOl IlPlllatodl aJld poltilJlr o(lill h111111111 -oil olwlllilll- till rhll of toJa((o ill lll as inmiddotIla~((1

11 doag(middot (if lWIIZ(IH h~xa(hlolid [(s[prJ gtnmiddot an IIIH1pirahlp (n(p (0 (ohmII) This wn lIot slllpli~illf ill yi( or J[)()Jls tliat i( (lu-pcI olr-lIaol in lt)(11 fowl (IOlb a Jl()(n(()(~ (1110(lt nnd (Ollmtoplt III otlHl studi 1) I Ill spniol alltlul hi (oo]l(Inli(11I with til( (olJl((()

illtlll~t IY folilgl appl1(u tioll- of (oxa plHlll a1-0 gilP nil IIIIII(-i Ilhll tastl 10 tltilJl(o Offmiddotfhlol r-gt II IIill froll (lIP 11-( ofill-((ti(iC(s way llt ((fwd) as tlIHipsilnhl( a- tll( lohity of tIl( 11IHIlIjnb 10 plU1ts

11 dosngls of 1(lIiPII( Ipxwhloljlh (UJ-(I] ~()Ill[ injun- to )( and oats nlthough injury fl(1JI1 thl Jiglltl1 (losiI(lt I~ not ~o ~iplt II~ [10111 ih( lwnj(ll (lmill~(s

Til (J1pml b(J)Z(ll( h(lxl1rhlolidl applnlN] to iJl(Ipaltp til( gTowth nlHI i(ld of r()w]lPlls fl(Hlch Jaij(d to lthow fill din(gtJPJlp~ III tlil JllIlIlh(IS of inR((tR ()l ofhpl )lPsts that (oult han H((Olmtpd 101 the difl)PIH(s ill lil( ~l()th and yipld of this (10]) OhsPIntloJ1 ()Il tohn((() show((1 that (hl il1pdi(iti( ((mIJOlhd til( Ioot kllot 1111111(0lt1(

rr

20 lEGHNfCAr B(TI~tETIX 1017bull 1- g DEPT OF MmrCtLlURE

11owenJ tlH YllJi(t- of (O]gt(as ~J(ln BJnhhnlll is pllltially resistshyant to ntis 11(gtlIlltolt1e llnd itis (loubtful whether its (ontTol eould acshycount Jot the ineJlased yi(middotlds

DDT eli d 1I0t SPtlll to inj u1( (ot( on H did not ea 115( SO Jl1 le11 c1amugl to toba((o liS dhl 1)(11(11( lltXtl(h loli(e The lOll-pound ((osage appl i(d ollly ill H)middott7 (a listll (h IOli Ill sylll ptOJllS i n t11(~ ioha((o plants in llJT early in tlwir gJowth hilt 111( plallt olltgJ( thelll Ill( dry wrHtll(J und thr faet that I Ill tohHtO was plalliNl soon dtlJ thl inselttieidps (J( appliNI may han hllped (III1Sl Ih(s( SYlIlptOIlIS Ih(J( WtlS SOli 1(gt (itlPIIll 1gtu I 110 dltfi II i Ie PIOO f t lIa t (h is dOSHil ilIj I Ied the lobuclo plans in lJjmiddotD NOl1l of till othlr dosages aHdrt lIP tobH((O

Fllt iIWmiddot(s 110 clalllngl to (o(I(a5 hy DDT was a ppa I(IIL (Ylll hy tlll j()()-polllld dosHg( but hy lHD all (]osagls (x((pt till W-polllld tlosa~p (t (flllHing SOlll( (lIlJllng( Th( injllJ) WlIS 1110-1 S(plC h(I( l1H lIHl-pound llosagp was appliNl in InImiddotT onl 1111(1 WhlI( thc ~lshypOllnd ltIo~agl a1gt 11IwatNl nllnudl~ Thl H)-polllld dosag( (alls((] hss illjUI than an of till olltCl DDT tlpatllHllts inlludillg tlH apshypli(atioll of 1(J pounds of nDT onI a pplio( of lHIS

11 dosaWs of DDT injllJp(l l)P nnd oat~ till 1( Iwing tltp 1l1Oll illS((pt i1) 1(

A I1UlIlhpl or ill(stiiutolS 1iI( dllllolIall(] that IH-a dosa4ls of DDT Ot hCIlllll hCXttltllIolitlp ilHOIpoIalpd in till ~()il ~i11 IWJll (PIfain (lOps IIp dosagps how(I alp not lilwlv to Ill IlSld UIlshy~BR nil p(s is H) illipOIIllil (ollollliltally thaI its sj)J(at (nllllO b( ]JPIllliited SIHIt H (as( is lx((ptiollHI and ~ltollid llot h( rOJlfusClt1 with OldillHI plant-pCst (Ol 101 ]llohllnls FlIltlllIIlIOIP otlllI IIglishy(ultulnl (IIIlidenls -lw1l as fll(ili(Is and lillH will also (au~( plant jlljUJ) if 11-(11 ill (X(psil dong(middots

~(IT snlllll doails of SOllll of 111( IllW olgturil inspl kid(middot- alt lflpdip against n llllllllwl of ills(( Plss )[()IlOPI S(Hlll pidplI((

liS olllaillPd ill this illYPstiintioll titnt bllI(ll Iwsa(ltlolitll lllll Ill hpl1Pfieial to plallt glowth alld (TOP ~illd or (OPlHS TItplpjOI( whpIl light doag(middot of tltl Jl( il1pdi(illp haY( h(pll fOllnd to h( lIIp((irp ill (oltl()llill~ a Illst without (tUlil1g a IHt1tlt IlHtI(] and tlllI( it IlO pid(IHP that tlw will (IIS( iPIjolt plant illjuJY (h(jJ IIS PlIlI- jll~t ilild TIJ(r sholll1 not 1)( (Olldllllll(d 1lHIply hlflllN h(a (Iosagls ill (ltc soil (HII~l (JIIl( ltHlltlgP to ((ItHill (II)PS

ExplJinHIlI- (1( II(gUIl Ht FIOIIJll S C ill tltt prillg or IJmiddotIT to S[lId~ Ilw (11((1 or oil HpplicHtiol1s of 1(lIzI( hpxt(hIOlidl D[)T II lid t oxapItPlJp 011 fi ( (IO]S g1O1l ill 1-( I 101 aioll Tlllia Ill( -oil tllltlll(middotltt (11 t((td ill thl(( (XIJ(Iilll(llts Iall xlHIilll(llt WHss(ttlllmiddotd with1 dillPIPIl( (IOp hut tltp-tllll olh((sioll s foll()((i Tolia((() was followltll by a Hlixtllll or oat Hilt lIst Iiall illtlI Iwas (OP(llS 11](gt S((OIHI splillgI(middot (Itt SlOlld Idl (ot(OIl (Ill thitll pJilli and Jrp (II( thild fall Lilwis( I( aftpl (oltOll was 101shym(middotd h to1gtI((O Til (lti- lIlalllI tp-t WplP 111t(h Oil nil till (IOPS (11lt11 YPH I

1)1)1 was upplil(l al 10 lIlld ~() pOI1It(I 1gt(1 n(l( lteh spling lIm1 at 40 and IO() potlllltls ill IlmiddotIT only CottOll did lIot S(PIll to 1)( ntll(tld by lIt DDT (J(alJlI(lltS Th( onl IINlillllllt that sP(lllld to aflltt

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOlL TREATMENTfi ON TOBACCO COfTON COWPEAS 21

tobacco waS the lOO-pound dosage that was applied in 10-17 only This dosage appeared to cause some chlorine injury chalacterized by glossy brittle haves in 1047 tmd to affect the yield and IHlLning qualIty in 1940 11 except the 40-poul1d dosagl~ of DDT afleded COWplUS to some extent but the(gt efl(gt((s were 110t apparent until l)1H Tl~ 100shypound (io3uge signifilantly redmNl the yield of cowpeaR in the hull in 11148 and 1((111(elt1 the stand of plant ill HHx and 10JH The wshypound dosnge did not significlntly aflPlmiddott the (owJ)eHS in any yeaI but the yield of hay and llPUR in till hllli wa les than thnt flolll the untreated cheek in H)Js ThlN annual applications of 10 Ot 20 pOUlHls PPl ael( redu(pltl tb stand and glowl of till cowpea plants The JO(J-poull(l dOSHgP 5((I1I(gt( to letlt(l the gl(Jlh of oats and Austrian winter peas Hy(l wn ulteeptihlp to injury by DDT and lwn [t total of nil POllIHl applied OWl a pEd()(l of WillS r(dll(~d ~()wth under ol11e (onditioll bull Toxa phel1e at ~II ]lOlllH P(l l1)e anllUH 1Ir wa- hs~ i njlIliotl than DDT at the same dosae

Tlclmiltal hlIlZ(llP lilxadlloli(hmiddot (ol1tnlning 1~ ]lpnlIH of gamma hont(] wn~ nppli(d HIUll1fllly llt 117 IHHul(b (gt(1 1I1lP amI at l~i Jl()ull(l~ with ~) ]gtOllIlIb of DDT III llJT IgtPIIZtIll hlXiHhlolidp wn pplipd HI-o ttt l~ pound pel 1llI( IUl(1 at -l POllll(l with l1 V()l1J1(l~ of DDT _11 thesl tl(atlllll1tmiddot aflp(middotttt tlU lIayoL or t Itt tobn(((j in 1HT the (Jill WitI in hhmiddotl ml (pt-- tl( IIlIHlp TIll )11- lind t~middot J)(Jllllll doaglmiddot p(hap(l tIll 1Uld of a Oot kLlOt-Ip-itnnt vnlilty of toiHU(O ill 1)middot~7 wl(p tlw plallt- W(I( trnn--planlld -hortly artpI tlt( ius((tilidp ltntllllllI appliP(1 In WmiddotI tlllimiddotI1 nIl (lolgl gan ~ml( lolltlOl of tIll loot kllot lltlIHlIOdl all ill llmiddotUJ a -lilttlv hidIP1 Yitll Wl ol)(uilHd frotH till plot~ thnt ha(lllmiddot((inmiddot(l Ill( 1IIIIlHmiddotit~t Io~np~ ill W+7 III 1lt7 all dOlIp 1(gt1111((1 1111 -tall of (oltoll lwo it WshyplatltPl -hott tftp thljlll(ti(id( hnd lapll npplitd hut ill l1b-(shymiddotJlllllt vIIIIS 1WIlt or til(gt 111111111(111 IUUIlIlII til( lottOll Ill bllIztJlP

lHXtHhlolid( ]i(luO( -P(1ll til illjUlP lW ~(J lItlwlt n (lid DIgtT lUlIl fol sOliii I1llkuO1 l(a oll it appptllcl toimllu-1 tlll itld or lwa- in thl hull BPllZIIH ltlxl(hloIi(l likl DDT llil lwr iidull tn [ol1owiH (orton a nuwh a it (litl IYI followillg (middotOWp(middott Thl Hnmiddottmiddott tong( of l(l1ZIIH 1IIxllltloli(lt illqmlllll l IPlh1ih oiur til ln awl otlt plllIlh ([w-inll lutill Ih 1Jmiddotmiddotf1 -(laoH

UTER TlHF CITED

dl (eOIm n l I Uf 1 It II 11 r E ImRl r n nmiddotJt WIL awl Hu~ 1

11U fnf( r of Imiddot 1 ( II ~IltfI r llH TncTll ClI n If I UIT 1lI TYlf - ( 1 Ex -11 1111 HIt II Ii iilu

121 (mnnll bull 11 II amI InlItl-o I 1 1Jo flH Iln WIHf 11 I 11 rMfiF suIL I l f II tltf TbullbullItl

(011 Ent Ja 1-1 til (~ 1 FInnbullbull YUTtJI J

Hill un( r 00 Il S OF (JIITlft IUl to -011 FIJI IIlE ntsmll UO ltIF TAr~bf nFtfU 111- (~ Bur gil HUli Phwt (11111 I~ j~j (IIIJl poundr)(ImiddotI1

laquo FIlFnR ARTnra ( Ill SllMfTLAT t~PWil fII nJn- I-gt-J( lit JOh 1 Hlt S(lll ~

Ilfptbullbull1 (il SO middot11 ppbull mus ~tl IAIIU - )h Inmn bullbull1 Ibull11bull BIIWIT T )I unl Ii) E Cl

In~O uou m (fUIlfU IS -TtIITlIl JIiR()Wllllltmiddot tIlE rml(11) lLTs SII ITS trncr ox TIn fJr 1 TlY OF flr (ntHI U ~ 1 IJII f bull A~l HPF 40 fl2imiddot (W mus

22 TECIINICALBULLETIN 1017 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(O) GItWSON T ~r nnd PoosF W 10middot1i SOI]TIIImN CORN 1t00rWOnr IS A i~Sl or lNurs OUI ECOll J~It

10 251-256 1llus (7) GmENWOOll DOUGLAS E

1H7 lIeNlmNE ImxACIHoltlUE ANIl wHumouM COXLlIOL 1otH t1c-OIl EJllt 40 724-727

(S) rONES L W llliO 1m INIlIlmlgt )OX1( Jt) SOli HIO()Il()IR~IR FulII 1111(1 llollll bull

Sei(gtllCl Utnll AgT ExpL Stu 11 W) JR--9 illl1S (0) I_AX) l( ( HTON~ ~1 V LAN(msIlm 111 1 0 IS I W 1111lt1

OllISON KJiJ 1048 srullms W1IIl 1I1lI AS A (ONI1I01 F()11 Wll1mOUlS IN lIt1tlGNfeu

lNllS- ljlO(lIl~SS IIEIOUI r~ [111 1~1lt 11111 1111 Qlllll Bshy765 D PI bullbull [PrO(CSSNl)

(10) UOltllIf H E 1111(1 DwrxGII n H 102 I1IJtIIY1O GllOlN(I (1101S (middotHREII II) lHI- IIHIIION 01 lIR~NI(middotI

(OIOIIR 10 rrm SOlI 0111 ltt illS mmiddot7k illlts (ll) Moltltso1l II 11 lWIU II B (IW~Il ~ I~ 11bull and Lllll~lnAl~gtll

lIS TIH IWImiddotmiddot(rs 01- (Itr1I1I IIW SelIL ISI(II(WJS 00 PIAmiddotrs Tour HIOIl Ent 11 171-mi

(12) OKAoI~ W lt lli-l7 UIs wITH ZEI~ InXA(IUOltlllt 10111 B(IIn Elli middot10 lmiddotmiddot

lH (J) PlgtPH nfl~middot B YIIRON (I~HTON A lind C~fIlImI bullbull OIlX (

11)17 IItN7IX~~ lJISACIIIOltllll) AXil OlHEH (O~I~ll1IflS FOlt (oorItOI cW WI1t~ WOrt~li 111SII0 10ll(lR 10UI l~~((Jtl BilL 10 77 70

1]4) KIITII 1N1II n 11lII I-ZIIbullbull ~Lltll Fl l1H7 SOlI lWU(lOIWNlSltS AllH wnXnll It SOlII- 01 lll~ NI~W lIHXIIshy

(JI)~il Soil Hel Hut Anur lrm 12 27 middotaa IlllIs (15) SNYlJ~~ltT (

lIla (1101S IU1IIIU IX It(IEII Oil II 111111-1 1I~h Rill (p 11ol ~O( lro( n ~ 4amp0-1

(Hi) 81JTI ToYl) L nnd ]~ANROX Jums 10middot10 PlInorOSHiTY 1I1l OFINtIIlrY Of- nmlIIIR Ortoo IX sou

Illt-Nr~1l I]-U J1ISE(middotrI(middotUl~S rOllt 1~(middot(Il( ]0)11( j (]4 --Gl7 Ii I middotNm(WWmiddotl~~ ( 1I0RNEll G M lUHI KtT()X ( II

lOan r1l1ltoJ)t(Tn~oEsS 01 CElIllN OtWIllW SOli AS mIIn1l 10 lgAIl I11SENITt SItY ((e~ltIAt101IS ioil S(middotI oJ 2(1~-2J1 ill liS bull

(18) WlrrrA~1 S K 1 1fJR s~rtNIlJI IN sons r H )tpt gr Y(IIIl)Wk was SiOmiddotSH

nil) WnsoNr K bullbull nud CUOCDlIllT 11 S HHG ~~FOS ()~ Illrr ON C~~IllAIN )(J(IlOlltOIOOI(AL l1l0(ISS~S JX Tit I SOlf

0111 Bcon Eltt 30 GJ7-5aH (20) ----- Ilnd (HOtUHlII H R

1DM nm tFPIWI (W mOZNI H~XA(HL_OltTJr ON SOli OUGAXI$lS lOllI Agr H(s 77 2-r-~2

(21) WIISOX Lom n 10at EVPt(TS OF (lllOltISe J1110~[In 1111 )leOUINg 011 THt~ TOIAceo lL11T bull

bull 1our gl HiS 4( R80-SUO IIus (22) Youxo H e 11Illtl (lIM 1 B

lOmiddottS sonrltlAt~nTS wnn H1Jrro (O1TuOr lin WIttI~IlINmn I~r~nI T K Hul I~nt ntHl Plant QUill )middotiiO S IP [I)nHl~s(d1

bull oorsall hy tlw ~lIperlutcnlf(flt of ()(lilIl1wutS t flOIerJuiirlt Prlntlll OJll(~

Wt~hrlltton 2~ 1)0 bull Irk~15 (~nts

FFE(T OF mL TIUT~ ET- 0- TOBC(O (OTTOS COWPEMi 17

-OIllP ppct- (J I- t h( i Il(ctilidl- Oil tIll IP nt( ill 11( In Itd ]y a (Olll shyjlHliOll or ~ullplp- flOIll th llli I(atpd (In(k (fi~~bull 11 ith Ullplls JIomplotsl((piYtllgthp 111l)pmIlHI doal 01 1)1)1 (fi~~1J1 and tIll

bull -~J)(IIIIl(l dougl or 11(11l7P)Il hlxHlltlo)idl (fi~ 2 (J Ill ~llpOllld dOSH( or IOXlpltllIl t Ii ~l)l did 1Iot ildfknlllly Ipdwl I Ill yh-Id dtltoll1t till [owtlt or (it 11 Wll- ttllIId (Ii ll 111 (]I(llishyIlltllt ( Ollhmiddot til( 1IlIipt dOHI or nllT lI111l or 1)(11I7lI](1 1w1shy(middothlOli([(middot hatllll l d 111( IYP plallt tIPIP Olt- alld II~tliltl11 ill(pI

IHI 1111( IHmiddotd II I (()Pl (IOP tIX[JlliIlHll1t HI lIP yi(ltd rot nIl

bull

bull I 5 7 10 FIiI~It~ ntnplmiddot Ill pIHIlt- ittlltlllill~ It frlllll VillI trllll (flPIi1IH1I1 or

tJp rt~ Plitmiddot in IHIU rpnIHI lft~atItH1HI t bull 1 Hud Itl

18 rECE-INICAL BtJLLETIN 1047 1 S DEPT OF AGlUCULlURE

treated plots was lowel than for the rhCCk but the ditTelCIJ(C was not statistically significant In this connection the soil where this exshypetimCnt was lorated is somewhat hCaiCl tlmn that JOl lxpeliment A but lightCr than tllllt fOr Cxpllill1Cnt C Praetically CClY plot that had been treatel with the beaviest dost1r(gt of benzene hexnchlolide conl(l be loratNl by the lrddish color of the plants

RESULlS J 1950

Thl toyer (rops WPle plnntNl 011 O(toil(t 27 IfJ-~l hut the stand of plallt~ was so pOOl thry were plantCltlngllin 011 NO(lllhll 11 Nille sltllJples welC takpn flom loeat iolls ill Caell plot fot yiCIlt1 brtwPln MaLch 11 and 2~ Eueh sample eomistrd or the yirhl from a 4-SqllHlP-Joot alCll Owing to the v(Itintirlll in the stand of winh1 1 pens and oats in YariOllS P11t of the fiCllt] it wa~ not possiblr to obtain an t(ematp estimate of theil yicl1s howCYPI) the Y1P1lt1 otlyt in rxpClimPllts A ancl B was studied (table 7)

In CxPtilll(llt A hl( )e followed (otton thC plot in which the lOo-pound rnte of DDT was appliC(l ill 1047 J)lodue((l tIC ]olRI yield The higl10st Yirld IIOm tLlIyinsrrtieidr hentlllCnt waS flOIll thC LO-pound dmmg( of DDI rqipliNl annually This yirld Wfl~ signifieantly hidH1 thnn that flol11 ])])1 applipcl al 20 pounds anshynually 01 nt 40 01 ](10 pOlllHls in Illmiddot17 only n ws also sig-nificantly hig-hpl than fhl yielltl flolll tlll plots lNlking bll1Zll1P Iwx(J(hlolilt1p at HI7 pOlmlt1s P(t (C annnally or at R~3 pounds IWI a(Il in HH7 only

IIILImiddot 7-Tot J((J([ oj (O( I mls dl(itt1 Iii lIil1r I 0 ItfJmiddotO 0 inR((li(id(~ 1111llilll to tIll wi ill till NIJinl 0 IfJff wlt illtlh(dul 1111 flu ( hIlt 0 Jlftwls ilrllidillff (lois Oil In WlO1 it It

EX[lrinHllt Explrin1ul A B

Tnmiddotltl nHnt Xo

H 1( follu- HI [ fallnwshyiil (lt1[101 illl (OlPlllgt

111111 I IItwdsIll rllt[d (llIIk 2l 1 -103DDT

10 I 2 21 0 25 62() J a 21 R 11 middot10 I la I 35 ~ JOO gt la2 2( l

BIII7(middotII(middot lllxllthlori( ~ 1 [(lwj[11I ~ lIL7 I () InO 22 I 833 7 In7 I(t 7 125 ()UT2iil x 17 middot1 253 50 bull DDT 10 I 20 a 20 3

JoxIlph(H( 20 I 10 I1I a 10 0 DifrPf(w( nmiddotqllinmiddot(1 for ~hliifi(un((

ItI 1-rWrl(l t 11 pi ~t f) S8

bull

bull

bull

r

KFFI~CT Oh SOIL TIH~ATlIENTS OX ronAeCO COTTON) COWPEAS 19

YhclC lYC Io]owtd (OWPtlIS in the Iotalioll PXPlIillltlll n) the seVercst injury O((IIlTPd in plo(~ tl(utt(I with I) POllIHh of LWl1zlne

bull

bull

bull

hlxfiehlodd(gt ill 10H olllr HIH1 willi () pOIIJHIgt of DDT anlluall) The yi(kls JrOf)l all tl(ntmtlll (lX(tpt lht middotJ()pollIHl closagl of nUT apshyplitd intl-IT ollly W(lP sipllifi(Hntly I(ss lwn tIl( 1IIItl(at(ltI (hcck

TIIP inPtiehlps WPIP iJll()Ipolatpl ill (il( -oil HI as to tlst in as ~hOlt u ppliod as possiblp dosags (olllpn Ialll to )psidllPS t ha t III ig-ht (gtYPIII 11 uII) builtl up ill PIH ie JloWl (1 it is dOl rn1 whpUHl (hI H((Ulllulntiolls tllnt wltlull1 I(slli floUl nOlllial applicalion of the illp(tici(1ps to foiiaw wOlllrllll (olllpalnlll to til( high (Josag-l llsll(1 l[Ol of Olll ins(gt(t I)(Slt HIt (OIlIIOllPlt1 hy folial appli(Htionllt oj inmiddot llaquo(tiPicp S(lllll of hillI is dOllhtlp In thlolluh lipan IHillS and wind lIHl til(IPloll 11((1 1)((0111( ilHolpolu(ldiJlIO II( -oil

Lk of faeilil iP1 ntHdp jt lI((l1ltHI~ to lilllit thl 111I1ll](I of Ippli(alp to foUl This b 1IllfOltllllatl a- (hp (XPlIiIllPllta1 PIIOI HS IIII P ~OIlH of till (lilfplPIl((gtlt althoug-h within till liuIis or lXIHIilllllltd (1101 WPlP so iall tllrtt (he (otlJ(l not 1)( iU-1l0Ipd and tiw wpre tllPlpfOlp (ollsirhI(ci ill tlip illplpl(tntioJl of Ihp l(sldlfl

Toxaphplp at til(middot Ia(p lI-pcl Wllt h- (oxi( to IIll (IOPS s(udipd than nDT or h(lIz(lll iHXl(hioliltil HowlnI til( WpOllllll d()sa~( IP wrttld for 1ypal hOWld (idpllep ol l)(Iin (Oxi( (0 plaa

It npl)(tt that til(gt (Ifllt of DIYI and bPIl7PIH lllxHchlolidl 011 the (IOps -tlldil(l W(1( (l(i[HIHj(ll( lIj)OIl n llUlllbpl of II(IIIIS iJl(iultiillu raiJifal1 lind olhl1 lt(11lt01111 lOllliitionllt thl cJop (II( -oil [YjlP the iJl~(((ilid( till d()~HUP thl 111111]11 01 palS thp illspdi(idl had 1gt((n ill I lip ltoiL alld 1 lit middotII()1 lOllioll 111( 1middot(t1t~ olJtaill(d dllring aJV OJ( (HI (1( dillPI(llt flOll1 tli)~l 101 -oOI1H ulll(i (HI and II ((Himiddot

(llIi1I1I 1m-d 011 1 01 WillS 1ltlIlts llIiiH Ill 11Ii-lladinu fhp (middotn((( of hPIIZPIH l1lXllcltloli(ip OJl (oha((o nlui (olhlll aJiprl

(olliltillu bl d lIri 1Ig Ih ~middotYln I plliod ~h(llp it n- 11 ppl ipltl nt 31 pOI1IHj~ Ind at ~U pOIIIHilt plllltJ pound- or DDf ppl JI(IP and tlip (Iop- W(IP pia 1I1tmiddot([ lthol( I t hlIla n(I Jo( It (IOPS WPIP PI( I) dUlllll((1 Til ltuiJ-((pHIH SPIlIlt hOWII till (oltOIl Wt not injulpd and lH(iI-P of (hI (ol1tlOl of ((lot kllOl IlPlllatodl aJld poltilJlr o(lill h111111111 -oil olwlllilll- till rhll of toJa((o ill lll as inmiddotIla~((1

11 doag(middot (if lWIIZ(IH h~xa(hlolid [(s[prJ gtnmiddot an IIIH1pirahlp (n(p (0 (ohmII) This wn lIot slllpli~illf ill yi( or J[)()Jls tliat i( (lu-pcI olr-lIaol in lt)(11 fowl (IOlb a Jl()(n(()(~ (1110(lt nnd (Ollmtoplt III otlHl studi 1) I Ill spniol alltlul hi (oo]l(Inli(11I with til( (olJl((()

illtlll~t IY folilgl appl1(u tioll- of (oxa plHlll a1-0 gilP nil IIIIII(-i Ilhll tastl 10 tltilJl(o Offmiddotfhlol r-gt II IIill froll (lIP 11-( ofill-((ti(iC(s way llt ((fwd) as tlIHipsilnhl( a- tll( lohity of tIl( 11IHIlIjnb 10 plU1ts

11 dosngls of 1(lIiPII( Ipxwhloljlh (UJ-(I] ~()Ill[ injun- to )( and oats nlthough injury fl(1JI1 thl Jiglltl1 (losiI(lt I~ not ~o ~iplt II~ [10111 ih( lwnj(ll (lmill~(s

Til (J1pml b(J)Z(ll( h(lxl1rhlolidl applnlN] to iJl(Ipaltp til( gTowth nlHI i(ld of r()w]lPlls fl(Hlch Jaij(d to lthow fill din(gtJPJlp~ III tlil JllIlIlh(IS of inR((tR ()l ofhpl )lPsts that (oult han H((Olmtpd 101 the difl)PIH(s ill lil( ~l()th and yipld of this (10]) OhsPIntloJ1 ()Il tohn((() show((1 that (hl il1pdi(iti( ((mIJOlhd til( Ioot kllot 1111111(0lt1(

rr

20 lEGHNfCAr B(TI~tETIX 1017bull 1- g DEPT OF MmrCtLlURE

11owenJ tlH YllJi(t- of (O]gt(as ~J(ln BJnhhnlll is pllltially resistshyant to ntis 11(gtlIlltolt1e llnd itis (loubtful whether its (ontTol eould acshycount Jot the ineJlased yi(middotlds

DDT eli d 1I0t SPtlll to inj u1( (ot( on H did not ea 115( SO Jl1 le11 c1amugl to toba((o liS dhl 1)(11(11( lltXtl(h loli(e The lOll-pound ((osage appl i(d ollly ill H)middott7 (a listll (h IOli Ill sylll ptOJllS i n t11(~ ioha((o plants in llJT early in tlwir gJowth hilt 111( plallt olltgJ( thelll Ill( dry wrHtll(J und thr faet that I Ill tohHtO was plalliNl soon dtlJ thl inselttieidps (J( appliNI may han hllped (III1Sl Ih(s( SYlIlptOIlIS Ih(J( WtlS SOli 1(gt (itlPIIll 1gtu I 110 dltfi II i Ie PIOO f t lIa t (h is dOSHil ilIj I Ied the lobuclo plans in lJjmiddotD NOl1l of till othlr dosages aHdrt lIP tobH((O

Fllt iIWmiddot(s 110 clalllngl to (o(I(a5 hy DDT was a ppa I(IIL (Ylll hy tlll j()()-polllld dosHg( but hy lHD all (]osagls (x((pt till W-polllld tlosa~p (t (flllHing SOlll( (lIlJllng( Th( injllJ) WlIS 1110-1 S(plC h(I( l1H lIHl-pound llosagp was appliNl in InImiddotT onl 1111(1 WhlI( thc ~lshypOllnd ltIo~agl a1gt 11IwatNl nllnudl~ Thl H)-polllld dosag( (alls((] hss illjUI than an of till olltCl DDT tlpatllHllts inlludillg tlH apshypli(atioll of 1(J pounds of nDT onI a pplio( of lHIS

11 dosaWs of DDT injllJp(l l)P nnd oat~ till 1( Iwing tltp 1l1Oll illS((pt i1) 1(

A I1UlIlhpl or ill(stiiutolS 1iI( dllllolIall(] that IH-a dosa4ls of DDT Ot hCIlllll hCXttltllIolitlp ilHOIpoIalpd in till ~()il ~i11 IWJll (PIfain (lOps IIp dosagps how(I alp not lilwlv to Ill IlSld UIlshy~BR nil p(s is H) illipOIIllil (ollollliltally thaI its sj)J(at (nllllO b( ]JPIllliited SIHIt H (as( is lx((ptiollHI and ~ltollid llot h( rOJlfusClt1 with OldillHI plant-pCst (Ol 101 ]llohllnls FlIltlllIIlIOIP otlllI IIglishy(ultulnl (IIIlidenls -lw1l as fll(ili(Is and lillH will also (au~( plant jlljUJ) if 11-(11 ill (X(psil dong(middots

~(IT snlllll doails of SOllll of 111( IllW olgturil inspl kid(middot- alt lflpdip against n llllllllwl of ills(( Plss )[()IlOPI S(Hlll pidplI((

liS olllaillPd ill this illYPstiintioll titnt bllI(ll Iwsa(ltlolitll lllll Ill hpl1Pfieial to plallt glowth alld (TOP ~illd or (OPlHS TItplpjOI( whpIl light doag(middot of tltl Jl( il1pdi(illp haY( h(pll fOllnd to h( lIIp((irp ill (oltl()llill~ a Illst without (tUlil1g a IHt1tlt IlHtI(] and tlllI( it IlO pid(IHP that tlw will (IIS( iPIjolt plant illjuJY (h(jJ IIS PlIlI- jll~t ilild TIJ(r sholll1 not 1)( (Olldllllll(d 1lHIply hlflllN h(a (Iosagls ill (ltc soil (HII~l (JIIl( ltHlltlgP to ((ItHill (II)PS

ExplJinHIlI- (1( II(gUIl Ht FIOIIJll S C ill tltt prillg or IJmiddotIT to S[lId~ Ilw (11((1 or oil HpplicHtiol1s of 1(lIzI( hpxt(hIOlidl D[)T II lid t oxapItPlJp 011 fi ( (IO]S g1O1l ill 1-( I 101 aioll Tlllia Ill( -oil tllltlll(middotltt (11 t((td ill thl(( (XIJ(Iilll(llts Iall xlHIilll(llt WHss(ttlllmiddotd with1 dillPIPIl( (IOp hut tltp-tllll olh((sioll s foll()((i Tolia((() was followltll by a Hlixtllll or oat Hilt lIst Iiall illtlI Iwas (OP(llS 11](gt S((OIHI splillgI(middot (Itt SlOlld Idl (ot(OIl (Ill thitll pJilli and Jrp (II( thild fall Lilwis( I( aftpl (oltOll was 101shym(middotd h to1gtI((O Til (lti- lIlalllI tp-t WplP 111t(h Oil nil till (IOPS (11lt11 YPH I

1)1)1 was upplil(l al 10 lIlld ~() pOI1It(I 1gt(1 n(l( lteh spling lIm1 at 40 and IO() potlllltls ill IlmiddotIT only CottOll did lIot S(PIll to 1)( ntll(tld by lIt DDT (J(alJlI(lltS Th( onl IINlillllllt that sP(lllld to aflltt

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOlL TREATMENTfi ON TOBACCO COfTON COWPEAS 21

tobacco waS the lOO-pound dosage that was applied in 10-17 only This dosage appeared to cause some chlorine injury chalacterized by glossy brittle haves in 1047 tmd to affect the yield and IHlLning qualIty in 1940 11 except the 40-poul1d dosagl~ of DDT afleded COWplUS to some extent but the(gt efl(gt((s were 110t apparent until l)1H Tl~ 100shypound (io3uge signifilantly redmNl the yield of cowpeaR in the hull in 11148 and 1((111(elt1 the stand of plant ill HHx and 10JH The wshypound dosnge did not significlntly aflPlmiddott the (owJ)eHS in any yeaI but the yield of hay and llPUR in till hllli wa les than thnt flolll the untreated cheek in H)Js ThlN annual applications of 10 Ot 20 pOUlHls PPl ael( redu(pltl tb stand and glowl of till cowpea plants The JO(J-poull(l dOSHgP 5((I1I(gt( to letlt(l the gl(Jlh of oats and Austrian winter peas Hy(l wn ulteeptihlp to injury by DDT and lwn [t total of nil POllIHl applied OWl a pEd()(l of WillS r(dll(~d ~()wth under ol11e (onditioll bull Toxa phel1e at ~II ]lOlllH P(l l1)e anllUH 1Ir wa- hs~ i njlIliotl than DDT at the same dosae

Tlclmiltal hlIlZ(llP lilxadlloli(hmiddot (ol1tnlning 1~ ]lpnlIH of gamma hont(] wn~ nppli(d HIUll1fllly llt 117 IHHul(b (gt(1 1I1lP amI at l~i Jl()ull(l~ with ~) ]gtOllIlIb of DDT III llJT IgtPIIZtIll hlXiHhlolidp wn pplipd HI-o ttt l~ pound pel 1llI( IUl(1 at -l POllll(l with l1 V()l1J1(l~ of DDT _11 thesl tl(atlllll1tmiddot aflp(middotttt tlU lIayoL or t Itt tobn(((j in 1HT the (Jill WitI in hhmiddotl ml (pt-- tl( IIlIHlp TIll )11- lind t~middot J)(Jllllll doaglmiddot p(hap(l tIll 1Uld of a Oot kLlOt-Ip-itnnt vnlilty of toiHU(O ill 1)middot~7 wl(p tlw plallt- W(I( trnn--planlld -hortly artpI tlt( ius((tilidp ltntllllllI appliP(1 In WmiddotI tlllimiddotI1 nIl (lolgl gan ~ml( lolltlOl of tIll loot kllot lltlIHlIOdl all ill llmiddotUJ a -lilttlv hidIP1 Yitll Wl ol)(uilHd frotH till plot~ thnt ha(lllmiddot((inmiddot(l Ill( 1IIIIlHmiddotit~t Io~np~ ill W+7 III 1lt7 all dOlIp 1(gt1111((1 1111 -tall of (oltoll lwo it WshyplatltPl -hott tftp thljlll(ti(id( hnd lapll npplitd hut ill l1b-(shymiddotJlllllt vIIIIS 1WIlt or til(gt 111111111(111 IUUIlIlII til( lottOll Ill bllIztJlP

lHXtHhlolid( ]i(luO( -P(1ll til illjUlP lW ~(J lItlwlt n (lid DIgtT lUlIl fol sOliii I1llkuO1 l(a oll it appptllcl toimllu-1 tlll itld or lwa- in thl hull BPllZIIH ltlxl(hloIi(l likl DDT llil lwr iidull tn [ol1owiH (orton a nuwh a it (litl IYI followillg (middotOWp(middott Thl Hnmiddottmiddott tong( of l(l1ZIIH 1IIxllltloli(lt illqmlllll l IPlh1ih oiur til ln awl otlt plllIlh ([w-inll lutill Ih 1Jmiddotmiddotf1 -(laoH

UTER TlHF CITED

dl (eOIm n l I Uf 1 It II 11 r E ImRl r n nmiddotJt WIL awl Hu~ 1

11U fnf( r of Imiddot 1 ( II ~IltfI r llH TncTll ClI n If I UIT 1lI TYlf - ( 1 Ex -11 1111 HIt II Ii iilu

121 (mnnll bull 11 II amI InlItl-o I 1 1Jo flH Iln WIHf 11 I 11 rMfiF suIL I l f II tltf TbullbullItl

(011 Ent Ja 1-1 til (~ 1 FInnbullbull YUTtJI J

Hill un( r 00 Il S OF (JIITlft IUl to -011 FIJI IIlE ntsmll UO ltIF TAr~bf nFtfU 111- (~ Bur gil HUli Phwt (11111 I~ j~j (IIIJl poundr)(ImiddotI1

laquo FIlFnR ARTnra ( Ill SllMfTLAT t~PWil fII nJn- I-gt-J( lit JOh 1 Hlt S(lll ~

Ilfptbullbull1 (il SO middot11 ppbull mus ~tl IAIIU - )h Inmn bullbull1 Ibull11bull BIIWIT T )I unl Ii) E Cl

In~O uou m (fUIlfU IS -TtIITlIl JIiR()Wllllltmiddot tIlE rml(11) lLTs SII ITS trncr ox TIn fJr 1 TlY OF flr (ntHI U ~ 1 IJII f bull A~l HPF 40 fl2imiddot (W mus

22 TECIINICALBULLETIN 1017 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(O) GItWSON T ~r nnd PoosF W 10middot1i SOI]TIIImN CORN 1t00rWOnr IS A i~Sl or lNurs OUI ECOll J~It

10 251-256 1llus (7) GmENWOOll DOUGLAS E

1H7 lIeNlmNE ImxACIHoltlUE ANIl wHumouM COXLlIOL 1otH t1c-OIl EJllt 40 724-727

(S) rONES L W llliO 1m INIlIlmlgt )OX1( Jt) SOli HIO()Il()IR~IR FulII 1111(1 llollll bull

Sei(gtllCl Utnll AgT ExpL Stu 11 W) JR--9 illl1S (0) I_AX) l( ( HTON~ ~1 V LAN(msIlm 111 1 0 IS I W 1111lt1

OllISON KJiJ 1048 srullms W1IIl 1I1lI AS A (ONI1I01 F()11 Wll1mOUlS IN lIt1tlGNfeu

lNllS- ljlO(lIl~SS IIEIOUI r~ [111 1~1lt 11111 1111 Qlllll Bshy765 D PI bullbull [PrO(CSSNl)

(10) UOltllIf H E 1111(1 DwrxGII n H 102 I1IJtIIY1O GllOlN(I (1101S (middotHREII II) lHI- IIHIIION 01 lIR~NI(middotI

(OIOIIR 10 rrm SOlI 0111 ltt illS mmiddot7k illlts (ll) Moltltso1l II 11 lWIU II B (IW~Il ~ I~ 11bull and Lllll~lnAl~gtll

lIS TIH IWImiddotmiddot(rs 01- (Itr1I1I IIW SelIL ISI(II(WJS 00 PIAmiddotrs Tour HIOIl Ent 11 171-mi

(12) OKAoI~ W lt lli-l7 UIs wITH ZEI~ InXA(IUOltlllt 10111 B(IIn Elli middot10 lmiddotmiddot

lH (J) PlgtPH nfl~middot B YIIRON (I~HTON A lind C~fIlImI bullbull OIlX (

11)17 IItN7IX~~ lJISACIIIOltllll) AXil OlHEH (O~I~ll1IflS FOlt (oorItOI cW WI1t~ WOrt~li 111SII0 10ll(lR 10UI l~~((Jtl BilL 10 77 70

1]4) KIITII 1N1II n 11lII I-ZIIbullbull ~Lltll Fl l1H7 SOlI lWU(lOIWNlSltS AllH wnXnll It SOlII- 01 lll~ NI~W lIHXIIshy

(JI)~il Soil Hel Hut Anur lrm 12 27 middotaa IlllIs (15) SNYlJ~~ltT (

lIla (1101S IU1IIIU IX It(IEII Oil II 111111-1 1I~h Rill (p 11ol ~O( lro( n ~ 4amp0-1

(Hi) 81JTI ToYl) L nnd ]~ANROX Jums 10middot10 PlInorOSHiTY 1I1l OFINtIIlrY Of- nmlIIIR Ortoo IX sou

Illt-Nr~1l I]-U J1ISE(middotrI(middotUl~S rOllt 1~(middot(Il( ]0)11( j (]4 --Gl7 Ii I middotNm(WWmiddotl~~ ( 1I0RNEll G M lUHI KtT()X ( II

lOan r1l1ltoJ)t(Tn~oEsS 01 CElIllN OtWIllW SOli AS mIIn1l 10 lgAIl I11SENITt SItY ((e~ltIAt101IS ioil S(middotI oJ 2(1~-2J1 ill liS bull

(18) WlrrrA~1 S K 1 1fJR s~rtNIlJI IN sons r H )tpt gr Y(IIIl)Wk was SiOmiddotSH

nil) WnsoNr K bullbull nud CUOCDlIllT 11 S HHG ~~FOS ()~ Illrr ON C~~IllAIN )(J(IlOlltOIOOI(AL l1l0(ISS~S JX Tit I SOlf

0111 Bcon Eltt 30 GJ7-5aH (20) ----- Ilnd (HOtUHlII H R

1DM nm tFPIWI (W mOZNI H~XA(HL_OltTJr ON SOli OUGAXI$lS lOllI Agr H(s 77 2-r-~2

(21) WIISOX Lom n 10at EVPt(TS OF (lllOltISe J1110~[In 1111 )leOUINg 011 THt~ TOIAceo lL11T bull

bull 1our gl HiS 4( R80-SUO IIus (22) Youxo H e 11Illtl (lIM 1 B

lOmiddottS sonrltlAt~nTS wnn H1Jrro (O1TuOr lin WIttI~IlINmn I~r~nI T K Hul I~nt ntHl Plant QUill )middotiiO S IP [I)nHl~s(d1

bull oorsall hy tlw ~lIperlutcnlf(flt of ()(lilIl1wutS t flOIerJuiirlt Prlntlll OJll(~

Wt~hrlltton 2~ 1)0 bull Irk~15 (~nts

18 rECE-INICAL BtJLLETIN 1047 1 S DEPT OF AGlUCULlURE

treated plots was lowel than for the rhCCk but the ditTelCIJ(C was not statistically significant In this connection the soil where this exshypetimCnt was lorated is somewhat hCaiCl tlmn that JOl lxpeliment A but lightCr than tllllt fOr Cxpllill1Cnt C Praetically CClY plot that had been treatel with the beaviest dost1r(gt of benzene hexnchlolide conl(l be loratNl by the lrddish color of the plants

RESULlS J 1950

Thl toyer (rops WPle plnntNl 011 O(toil(t 27 IfJ-~l hut the stand of plallt~ was so pOOl thry were plantCltlngllin 011 NO(lllhll 11 Nille sltllJples welC takpn flom loeat iolls ill Caell plot fot yiCIlt1 brtwPln MaLch 11 and 2~ Eueh sample eomistrd or the yirhl from a 4-SqllHlP-Joot alCll Owing to the v(Itintirlll in the stand of winh1 1 pens and oats in YariOllS P11t of the fiCllt] it wa~ not possiblr to obtain an t(ematp estimate of theil yicl1s howCYPI) the Y1P1lt1 otlyt in rxpClimPllts A ancl B was studied (table 7)

In CxPtilll(llt A hl( )e followed (otton thC plot in which the lOo-pound rnte of DDT was appliC(l ill 1047 J)lodue((l tIC ]olRI yield The higl10st Yirld IIOm tLlIyinsrrtieidr hentlllCnt waS flOIll thC LO-pound dmmg( of DDI rqipliNl annually This yirld Wfl~ signifieantly hidH1 thnn that flol11 ])])1 applipcl al 20 pounds anshynually 01 nt 40 01 ](10 pOlllHls in Illmiddot17 only n ws also sig-nificantly hig-hpl than fhl yielltl flolll tlll plots lNlking bll1Zll1P Iwx(J(hlolilt1p at HI7 pOlmlt1s P(t (C annnally or at R~3 pounds IWI a(Il in HH7 only

IIILImiddot 7-Tot J((J([ oj (O( I mls dl(itt1 Iii lIil1r I 0 ItfJmiddotO 0 inR((li(id(~ 1111llilll to tIll wi ill till NIJinl 0 IfJff wlt illtlh(dul 1111 flu ( hIlt 0 Jlftwls ilrllidillff (lois Oil In WlO1 it It

EX[lrinHllt Explrin1ul A B

Tnmiddotltl nHnt Xo

H 1( follu- HI [ fallnwshyiil (lt1[101 illl (OlPlllgt

111111 I IItwdsIll rllt[d (llIIk 2l 1 -103DDT

10 I 2 21 0 25 62() J a 21 R 11 middot10 I la I 35 ~ JOO gt la2 2( l

BIII7(middotII(middot lllxllthlori( ~ 1 [(lwj[11I ~ lIL7 I () InO 22 I 833 7 In7 I(t 7 125 ()UT2iil x 17 middot1 253 50 bull DDT 10 I 20 a 20 3

JoxIlph(H( 20 I 10 I1I a 10 0 DifrPf(w( nmiddotqllinmiddot(1 for ~hliifi(un((

ItI 1-rWrl(l t 11 pi ~t f) S8

bull

bull

bull

r

KFFI~CT Oh SOIL TIH~ATlIENTS OX ronAeCO COTTON) COWPEAS 19

YhclC lYC Io]owtd (OWPtlIS in the Iotalioll PXPlIillltlll n) the seVercst injury O((IIlTPd in plo(~ tl(utt(I with I) POllIHh of LWl1zlne

bull

bull

bull

hlxfiehlodd(gt ill 10H olllr HIH1 willi () pOIIJHIgt of DDT anlluall) The yi(kls JrOf)l all tl(ntmtlll (lX(tpt lht middotJ()pollIHl closagl of nUT apshyplitd intl-IT ollly W(lP sipllifi(Hntly I(ss lwn tIl( 1IIItl(at(ltI (hcck

TIIP inPtiehlps WPIP iJll()Ipolatpl ill (il( -oil HI as to tlst in as ~hOlt u ppliod as possiblp dosags (olllpn Ialll to )psidllPS t ha t III ig-ht (gtYPIII 11 uII) builtl up ill PIH ie JloWl (1 it is dOl rn1 whpUHl (hI H((Ulllulntiolls tllnt wltlull1 I(slli floUl nOlllial applicalion of the illp(tici(1ps to foiiaw wOlllrllll (olllpalnlll to til( high (Josag-l llsll(1 l[Ol of Olll ins(gt(t I)(Slt HIt (OIlIIOllPlt1 hy folial appli(Htionllt oj inmiddot llaquo(tiPicp S(lllll of hillI is dOllhtlp In thlolluh lipan IHillS and wind lIHl til(IPloll 11((1 1)((0111( ilHolpolu(ldiJlIO II( -oil

Lk of faeilil iP1 ntHdp jt lI((l1ltHI~ to lilllit thl 111I1ll](I of Ippli(alp to foUl This b 1IllfOltllllatl a- (hp (XPlIiIllPllta1 PIIOI HS IIII P ~OIlH of till (lilfplPIl((gtlt althoug-h within till liuIis or lXIHIilllllltd (1101 WPlP so iall tllrtt (he (otlJ(l not 1)( iU-1l0Ipd and tiw wpre tllPlpfOlp (ollsirhI(ci ill tlip illplpl(tntioJl of Ihp l(sldlfl

Toxaphplp at til(middot Ia(p lI-pcl Wllt h- (oxi( to IIll (IOPS s(udipd than nDT or h(lIz(lll iHXl(hioliltil HowlnI til( WpOllllll d()sa~( IP wrttld for 1ypal hOWld (idpllep ol l)(Iin (Oxi( (0 plaa

It npl)(tt that til(gt (Ifllt of DIYI and bPIl7PIH lllxHchlolidl 011 the (IOps -tlldil(l W(1( (l(i[HIHj(ll( lIj)OIl n llUlllbpl of II(IIIIS iJl(iultiillu raiJifal1 lind olhl1 lt(11lt01111 lOllliitionllt thl cJop (II( -oil [YjlP the iJl~(((ilid( till d()~HUP thl 111111]11 01 palS thp illspdi(idl had 1gt((n ill I lip ltoiL alld 1 lit middotII()1 lOllioll 111( 1middot(t1t~ olJtaill(d dllring aJV OJ( (HI (1( dillPI(llt flOll1 tli)~l 101 -oOI1H ulll(i (HI and II ((Himiddot

(llIi1I1I 1m-d 011 1 01 WillS 1ltlIlts llIiiH Ill 11Ii-lladinu fhp (middotn((( of hPIIZPIH l1lXllcltloli(ip OJl (oha((o nlui (olhlll aJiprl

(olliltillu bl d lIri 1Ig Ih ~middotYln I plliod ~h(llp it n- 11 ppl ipltl nt 31 pOI1IHj~ Ind at ~U pOIIIHilt plllltJ pound- or DDf ppl JI(IP and tlip (Iop- W(IP pia 1I1tmiddot([ lthol( I t hlIla n(I Jo( It (IOPS WPIP PI( I) dUlllll((1 Til ltuiJ-((pHIH SPIlIlt hOWII till (oltOIl Wt not injulpd and lH(iI-P of (hI (ol1tlOl of ((lot kllOl IlPlllatodl aJld poltilJlr o(lill h111111111 -oil olwlllilll- till rhll of toJa((o ill lll as inmiddotIla~((1

11 doag(middot (if lWIIZ(IH h~xa(hlolid [(s[prJ gtnmiddot an IIIH1pirahlp (n(p (0 (ohmII) This wn lIot slllpli~illf ill yi( or J[)()Jls tliat i( (lu-pcI olr-lIaol in lt)(11 fowl (IOlb a Jl()(n(()(~ (1110(lt nnd (Ollmtoplt III otlHl studi 1) I Ill spniol alltlul hi (oo]l(Inli(11I with til( (olJl((()

illtlll~t IY folilgl appl1(u tioll- of (oxa plHlll a1-0 gilP nil IIIIII(-i Ilhll tastl 10 tltilJl(o Offmiddotfhlol r-gt II IIill froll (lIP 11-( ofill-((ti(iC(s way llt ((fwd) as tlIHipsilnhl( a- tll( lohity of tIl( 11IHIlIjnb 10 plU1ts

11 dosngls of 1(lIiPII( Ipxwhloljlh (UJ-(I] ~()Ill[ injun- to )( and oats nlthough injury fl(1JI1 thl Jiglltl1 (losiI(lt I~ not ~o ~iplt II~ [10111 ih( lwnj(ll (lmill~(s

Til (J1pml b(J)Z(ll( h(lxl1rhlolidl applnlN] to iJl(Ipaltp til( gTowth nlHI i(ld of r()w]lPlls fl(Hlch Jaij(d to lthow fill din(gtJPJlp~ III tlil JllIlIlh(IS of inR((tR ()l ofhpl )lPsts that (oult han H((Olmtpd 101 the difl)PIH(s ill lil( ~l()th and yipld of this (10]) OhsPIntloJ1 ()Il tohn((() show((1 that (hl il1pdi(iti( ((mIJOlhd til( Ioot kllot 1111111(0lt1(

rr

20 lEGHNfCAr B(TI~tETIX 1017bull 1- g DEPT OF MmrCtLlURE

11owenJ tlH YllJi(t- of (O]gt(as ~J(ln BJnhhnlll is pllltially resistshyant to ntis 11(gtlIlltolt1e llnd itis (loubtful whether its (ontTol eould acshycount Jot the ineJlased yi(middotlds

DDT eli d 1I0t SPtlll to inj u1( (ot( on H did not ea 115( SO Jl1 le11 c1amugl to toba((o liS dhl 1)(11(11( lltXtl(h loli(e The lOll-pound ((osage appl i(d ollly ill H)middott7 (a listll (h IOli Ill sylll ptOJllS i n t11(~ ioha((o plants in llJT early in tlwir gJowth hilt 111( plallt olltgJ( thelll Ill( dry wrHtll(J und thr faet that I Ill tohHtO was plalliNl soon dtlJ thl inselttieidps (J( appliNI may han hllped (III1Sl Ih(s( SYlIlptOIlIS Ih(J( WtlS SOli 1(gt (itlPIIll 1gtu I 110 dltfi II i Ie PIOO f t lIa t (h is dOSHil ilIj I Ied the lobuclo plans in lJjmiddotD NOl1l of till othlr dosages aHdrt lIP tobH((O

Fllt iIWmiddot(s 110 clalllngl to (o(I(a5 hy DDT was a ppa I(IIL (Ylll hy tlll j()()-polllld dosHg( but hy lHD all (]osagls (x((pt till W-polllld tlosa~p (t (flllHing SOlll( (lIlJllng( Th( injllJ) WlIS 1110-1 S(plC h(I( l1H lIHl-pound llosagp was appliNl in InImiddotT onl 1111(1 WhlI( thc ~lshypOllnd ltIo~agl a1gt 11IwatNl nllnudl~ Thl H)-polllld dosag( (alls((] hss illjUI than an of till olltCl DDT tlpatllHllts inlludillg tlH apshypli(atioll of 1(J pounds of nDT onI a pplio( of lHIS

11 dosaWs of DDT injllJp(l l)P nnd oat~ till 1( Iwing tltp 1l1Oll illS((pt i1) 1(

A I1UlIlhpl or ill(stiiutolS 1iI( dllllolIall(] that IH-a dosa4ls of DDT Ot hCIlllll hCXttltllIolitlp ilHOIpoIalpd in till ~()il ~i11 IWJll (PIfain (lOps IIp dosagps how(I alp not lilwlv to Ill IlSld UIlshy~BR nil p(s is H) illipOIIllil (ollollliltally thaI its sj)J(at (nllllO b( ]JPIllliited SIHIt H (as( is lx((ptiollHI and ~ltollid llot h( rOJlfusClt1 with OldillHI plant-pCst (Ol 101 ]llohllnls FlIltlllIIlIOIP otlllI IIglishy(ultulnl (IIIlidenls -lw1l as fll(ili(Is and lillH will also (au~( plant jlljUJ) if 11-(11 ill (X(psil dong(middots

~(IT snlllll doails of SOllll of 111( IllW olgturil inspl kid(middot- alt lflpdip against n llllllllwl of ills(( Plss )[()IlOPI S(Hlll pidplI((

liS olllaillPd ill this illYPstiintioll titnt bllI(ll Iwsa(ltlolitll lllll Ill hpl1Pfieial to plallt glowth alld (TOP ~illd or (OPlHS TItplpjOI( whpIl light doag(middot of tltl Jl( il1pdi(illp haY( h(pll fOllnd to h( lIIp((irp ill (oltl()llill~ a Illst without (tUlil1g a IHt1tlt IlHtI(] and tlllI( it IlO pid(IHP that tlw will (IIS( iPIjolt plant illjuJY (h(jJ IIS PlIlI- jll~t ilild TIJ(r sholll1 not 1)( (Olldllllll(d 1lHIply hlflllN h(a (Iosagls ill (ltc soil (HII~l (JIIl( ltHlltlgP to ((ItHill (II)PS

ExplJinHIlI- (1( II(gUIl Ht FIOIIJll S C ill tltt prillg or IJmiddotIT to S[lId~ Ilw (11((1 or oil HpplicHtiol1s of 1(lIzI( hpxt(hIOlidl D[)T II lid t oxapItPlJp 011 fi ( (IO]S g1O1l ill 1-( I 101 aioll Tlllia Ill( -oil tllltlll(middotltt (11 t((td ill thl(( (XIJ(Iilll(llts Iall xlHIilll(llt WHss(ttlllmiddotd with1 dillPIPIl( (IOp hut tltp-tllll olh((sioll s foll()((i Tolia((() was followltll by a Hlixtllll or oat Hilt lIst Iiall illtlI Iwas (OP(llS 11](gt S((OIHI splillgI(middot (Itt SlOlld Idl (ot(OIl (Ill thitll pJilli and Jrp (II( thild fall Lilwis( I( aftpl (oltOll was 101shym(middotd h to1gtI((O Til (lti- lIlalllI tp-t WplP 111t(h Oil nil till (IOPS (11lt11 YPH I

1)1)1 was upplil(l al 10 lIlld ~() pOI1It(I 1gt(1 n(l( lteh spling lIm1 at 40 and IO() potlllltls ill IlmiddotIT only CottOll did lIot S(PIll to 1)( ntll(tld by lIt DDT (J(alJlI(lltS Th( onl IINlillllllt that sP(lllld to aflltt

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOlL TREATMENTfi ON TOBACCO COfTON COWPEAS 21

tobacco waS the lOO-pound dosage that was applied in 10-17 only This dosage appeared to cause some chlorine injury chalacterized by glossy brittle haves in 1047 tmd to affect the yield and IHlLning qualIty in 1940 11 except the 40-poul1d dosagl~ of DDT afleded COWplUS to some extent but the(gt efl(gt((s were 110t apparent until l)1H Tl~ 100shypound (io3uge signifilantly redmNl the yield of cowpeaR in the hull in 11148 and 1((111(elt1 the stand of plant ill HHx and 10JH The wshypound dosnge did not significlntly aflPlmiddott the (owJ)eHS in any yeaI but the yield of hay and llPUR in till hllli wa les than thnt flolll the untreated cheek in H)Js ThlN annual applications of 10 Ot 20 pOUlHls PPl ael( redu(pltl tb stand and glowl of till cowpea plants The JO(J-poull(l dOSHgP 5((I1I(gt( to letlt(l the gl(Jlh of oats and Austrian winter peas Hy(l wn ulteeptihlp to injury by DDT and lwn [t total of nil POllIHl applied OWl a pEd()(l of WillS r(dll(~d ~()wth under ol11e (onditioll bull Toxa phel1e at ~II ]lOlllH P(l l1)e anllUH 1Ir wa- hs~ i njlIliotl than DDT at the same dosae

Tlclmiltal hlIlZ(llP lilxadlloli(hmiddot (ol1tnlning 1~ ]lpnlIH of gamma hont(] wn~ nppli(d HIUll1fllly llt 117 IHHul(b (gt(1 1I1lP amI at l~i Jl()ull(l~ with ~) ]gtOllIlIb of DDT III llJT IgtPIIZtIll hlXiHhlolidp wn pplipd HI-o ttt l~ pound pel 1llI( IUl(1 at -l POllll(l with l1 V()l1J1(l~ of DDT _11 thesl tl(atlllll1tmiddot aflp(middotttt tlU lIayoL or t Itt tobn(((j in 1HT the (Jill WitI in hhmiddotl ml (pt-- tl( IIlIHlp TIll )11- lind t~middot J)(Jllllll doaglmiddot p(hap(l tIll 1Uld of a Oot kLlOt-Ip-itnnt vnlilty of toiHU(O ill 1)middot~7 wl(p tlw plallt- W(I( trnn--planlld -hortly artpI tlt( ius((tilidp ltntllllllI appliP(1 In WmiddotI tlllimiddotI1 nIl (lolgl gan ~ml( lolltlOl of tIll loot kllot lltlIHlIOdl all ill llmiddotUJ a -lilttlv hidIP1 Yitll Wl ol)(uilHd frotH till plot~ thnt ha(lllmiddot((inmiddot(l Ill( 1IIIIlHmiddotit~t Io~np~ ill W+7 III 1lt7 all dOlIp 1(gt1111((1 1111 -tall of (oltoll lwo it WshyplatltPl -hott tftp thljlll(ti(id( hnd lapll npplitd hut ill l1b-(shymiddotJlllllt vIIIIS 1WIlt or til(gt 111111111(111 IUUIlIlII til( lottOll Ill bllIztJlP

lHXtHhlolid( ]i(luO( -P(1ll til illjUlP lW ~(J lItlwlt n (lid DIgtT lUlIl fol sOliii I1llkuO1 l(a oll it appptllcl toimllu-1 tlll itld or lwa- in thl hull BPllZIIH ltlxl(hloIi(l likl DDT llil lwr iidull tn [ol1owiH (orton a nuwh a it (litl IYI followillg (middotOWp(middott Thl Hnmiddottmiddott tong( of l(l1ZIIH 1IIxllltloli(lt illqmlllll l IPlh1ih oiur til ln awl otlt plllIlh ([w-inll lutill Ih 1Jmiddotmiddotf1 -(laoH

UTER TlHF CITED

dl (eOIm n l I Uf 1 It II 11 r E ImRl r n nmiddotJt WIL awl Hu~ 1

11U fnf( r of Imiddot 1 ( II ~IltfI r llH TncTll ClI n If I UIT 1lI TYlf - ( 1 Ex -11 1111 HIt II Ii iilu

121 (mnnll bull 11 II amI InlItl-o I 1 1Jo flH Iln WIHf 11 I 11 rMfiF suIL I l f II tltf TbullbullItl

(011 Ent Ja 1-1 til (~ 1 FInnbullbull YUTtJI J

Hill un( r 00 Il S OF (JIITlft IUl to -011 FIJI IIlE ntsmll UO ltIF TAr~bf nFtfU 111- (~ Bur gil HUli Phwt (11111 I~ j~j (IIIJl poundr)(ImiddotI1

laquo FIlFnR ARTnra ( Ill SllMfTLAT t~PWil fII nJn- I-gt-J( lit JOh 1 Hlt S(lll ~

Ilfptbullbull1 (il SO middot11 ppbull mus ~tl IAIIU - )h Inmn bullbull1 Ibull11bull BIIWIT T )I unl Ii) E Cl

In~O uou m (fUIlfU IS -TtIITlIl JIiR()Wllllltmiddot tIlE rml(11) lLTs SII ITS trncr ox TIn fJr 1 TlY OF flr (ntHI U ~ 1 IJII f bull A~l HPF 40 fl2imiddot (W mus

22 TECIINICALBULLETIN 1017 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(O) GItWSON T ~r nnd PoosF W 10middot1i SOI]TIIImN CORN 1t00rWOnr IS A i~Sl or lNurs OUI ECOll J~It

10 251-256 1llus (7) GmENWOOll DOUGLAS E

1H7 lIeNlmNE ImxACIHoltlUE ANIl wHumouM COXLlIOL 1otH t1c-OIl EJllt 40 724-727

(S) rONES L W llliO 1m INIlIlmlgt )OX1( Jt) SOli HIO()Il()IR~IR FulII 1111(1 llollll bull

Sei(gtllCl Utnll AgT ExpL Stu 11 W) JR--9 illl1S (0) I_AX) l( ( HTON~ ~1 V LAN(msIlm 111 1 0 IS I W 1111lt1

OllISON KJiJ 1048 srullms W1IIl 1I1lI AS A (ONI1I01 F()11 Wll1mOUlS IN lIt1tlGNfeu

lNllS- ljlO(lIl~SS IIEIOUI r~ [111 1~1lt 11111 1111 Qlllll Bshy765 D PI bullbull [PrO(CSSNl)

(10) UOltllIf H E 1111(1 DwrxGII n H 102 I1IJtIIY1O GllOlN(I (1101S (middotHREII II) lHI- IIHIIION 01 lIR~NI(middotI

(OIOIIR 10 rrm SOlI 0111 ltt illS mmiddot7k illlts (ll) Moltltso1l II 11 lWIU II B (IW~Il ~ I~ 11bull and Lllll~lnAl~gtll

lIS TIH IWImiddotmiddot(rs 01- (Itr1I1I IIW SelIL ISI(II(WJS 00 PIAmiddotrs Tour HIOIl Ent 11 171-mi

(12) OKAoI~ W lt lli-l7 UIs wITH ZEI~ InXA(IUOltlllt 10111 B(IIn Elli middot10 lmiddotmiddot

lH (J) PlgtPH nfl~middot B YIIRON (I~HTON A lind C~fIlImI bullbull OIlX (

11)17 IItN7IX~~ lJISACIIIOltllll) AXil OlHEH (O~I~ll1IflS FOlt (oorItOI cW WI1t~ WOrt~li 111SII0 10ll(lR 10UI l~~((Jtl BilL 10 77 70

1]4) KIITII 1N1II n 11lII I-ZIIbullbull ~Lltll Fl l1H7 SOlI lWU(lOIWNlSltS AllH wnXnll It SOlII- 01 lll~ NI~W lIHXIIshy

(JI)~il Soil Hel Hut Anur lrm 12 27 middotaa IlllIs (15) SNYlJ~~ltT (

lIla (1101S IU1IIIU IX It(IEII Oil II 111111-1 1I~h Rill (p 11ol ~O( lro( n ~ 4amp0-1

(Hi) 81JTI ToYl) L nnd ]~ANROX Jums 10middot10 PlInorOSHiTY 1I1l OFINtIIlrY Of- nmlIIIR Ortoo IX sou

Illt-Nr~1l I]-U J1ISE(middotrI(middotUl~S rOllt 1~(middot(Il( ]0)11( j (]4 --Gl7 Ii I middotNm(WWmiddotl~~ ( 1I0RNEll G M lUHI KtT()X ( II

lOan r1l1ltoJ)t(Tn~oEsS 01 CElIllN OtWIllW SOli AS mIIn1l 10 lgAIl I11SENITt SItY ((e~ltIAt101IS ioil S(middotI oJ 2(1~-2J1 ill liS bull

(18) WlrrrA~1 S K 1 1fJR s~rtNIlJI IN sons r H )tpt gr Y(IIIl)Wk was SiOmiddotSH

nil) WnsoNr K bullbull nud CUOCDlIllT 11 S HHG ~~FOS ()~ Illrr ON C~~IllAIN )(J(IlOlltOIOOI(AL l1l0(ISS~S JX Tit I SOlf

0111 Bcon Eltt 30 GJ7-5aH (20) ----- Ilnd (HOtUHlII H R

1DM nm tFPIWI (W mOZNI H~XA(HL_OltTJr ON SOli OUGAXI$lS lOllI Agr H(s 77 2-r-~2

(21) WIISOX Lom n 10at EVPt(TS OF (lllOltISe J1110~[In 1111 )leOUINg 011 THt~ TOIAceo lL11T bull

bull 1our gl HiS 4( R80-SUO IIus (22) Youxo H e 11Illtl (lIM 1 B

lOmiddottS sonrltlAt~nTS wnn H1Jrro (O1TuOr lin WIttI~IlINmn I~r~nI T K Hul I~nt ntHl Plant QUill )middotiiO S IP [I)nHl~s(d1

bull oorsall hy tlw ~lIperlutcnlf(flt of ()(lilIl1wutS t flOIerJuiirlt Prlntlll OJll(~

Wt~hrlltton 2~ 1)0 bull Irk~15 (~nts

r

KFFI~CT Oh SOIL TIH~ATlIENTS OX ronAeCO COTTON) COWPEAS 19

YhclC lYC Io]owtd (OWPtlIS in the Iotalioll PXPlIillltlll n) the seVercst injury O((IIlTPd in plo(~ tl(utt(I with I) POllIHh of LWl1zlne

bull

bull

bull

hlxfiehlodd(gt ill 10H olllr HIH1 willi () pOIIJHIgt of DDT anlluall) The yi(kls JrOf)l all tl(ntmtlll (lX(tpt lht middotJ()pollIHl closagl of nUT apshyplitd intl-IT ollly W(lP sipllifi(Hntly I(ss lwn tIl( 1IIItl(at(ltI (hcck

TIIP inPtiehlps WPIP iJll()Ipolatpl ill (il( -oil HI as to tlst in as ~hOlt u ppliod as possiblp dosags (olllpn Ialll to )psidllPS t ha t III ig-ht (gtYPIII 11 uII) builtl up ill PIH ie JloWl (1 it is dOl rn1 whpUHl (hI H((Ulllulntiolls tllnt wltlull1 I(slli floUl nOlllial applicalion of the illp(tici(1ps to foiiaw wOlllrllll (olllpalnlll to til( high (Josag-l llsll(1 l[Ol of Olll ins(gt(t I)(Slt HIt (OIlIIOllPlt1 hy folial appli(Htionllt oj inmiddot llaquo(tiPicp S(lllll of hillI is dOllhtlp In thlolluh lipan IHillS and wind lIHl til(IPloll 11((1 1)((0111( ilHolpolu(ldiJlIO II( -oil

Lk of faeilil iP1 ntHdp jt lI((l1ltHI~ to lilllit thl 111I1ll](I of Ippli(alp to foUl This b 1IllfOltllllatl a- (hp (XPlIiIllPllta1 PIIOI HS IIII P ~OIlH of till (lilfplPIl((gtlt althoug-h within till liuIis or lXIHIilllllltd (1101 WPlP so iall tllrtt (he (otlJ(l not 1)( iU-1l0Ipd and tiw wpre tllPlpfOlp (ollsirhI(ci ill tlip illplpl(tntioJl of Ihp l(sldlfl

Toxaphplp at til(middot Ia(p lI-pcl Wllt h- (oxi( to IIll (IOPS s(udipd than nDT or h(lIz(lll iHXl(hioliltil HowlnI til( WpOllllll d()sa~( IP wrttld for 1ypal hOWld (idpllep ol l)(Iin (Oxi( (0 plaa

It npl)(tt that til(gt (Ifllt of DIYI and bPIl7PIH lllxHchlolidl 011 the (IOps -tlldil(l W(1( (l(i[HIHj(ll( lIj)OIl n llUlllbpl of II(IIIIS iJl(iultiillu raiJifal1 lind olhl1 lt(11lt01111 lOllliitionllt thl cJop (II( -oil [YjlP the iJl~(((ilid( till d()~HUP thl 111111]11 01 palS thp illspdi(idl had 1gt((n ill I lip ltoiL alld 1 lit middotII()1 lOllioll 111( 1middot(t1t~ olJtaill(d dllring aJV OJ( (HI (1( dillPI(llt flOll1 tli)~l 101 -oOI1H ulll(i (HI and II ((Himiddot

(llIi1I1I 1m-d 011 1 01 WillS 1ltlIlts llIiiH Ill 11Ii-lladinu fhp (middotn((( of hPIIZPIH l1lXllcltloli(ip OJl (oha((o nlui (olhlll aJiprl

(olliltillu bl d lIri 1Ig Ih ~middotYln I plliod ~h(llp it n- 11 ppl ipltl nt 31 pOI1IHj~ Ind at ~U pOIIIHilt plllltJ pound- or DDf ppl JI(IP and tlip (Iop- W(IP pia 1I1tmiddot([ lthol( I t hlIla n(I Jo( It (IOPS WPIP PI( I) dUlllll((1 Til ltuiJ-((pHIH SPIlIlt hOWII till (oltOIl Wt not injulpd and lH(iI-P of (hI (ol1tlOl of ((lot kllOl IlPlllatodl aJld poltilJlr o(lill h111111111 -oil olwlllilll- till rhll of toJa((o ill lll as inmiddotIla~((1

11 doag(middot (if lWIIZ(IH h~xa(hlolid [(s[prJ gtnmiddot an IIIH1pirahlp (n(p (0 (ohmII) This wn lIot slllpli~illf ill yi( or J[)()Jls tliat i( (lu-pcI olr-lIaol in lt)(11 fowl (IOlb a Jl()(n(()(~ (1110(lt nnd (Ollmtoplt III otlHl studi 1) I Ill spniol alltlul hi (oo]l(Inli(11I with til( (olJl((()

illtlll~t IY folilgl appl1(u tioll- of (oxa plHlll a1-0 gilP nil IIIIII(-i Ilhll tastl 10 tltilJl(o Offmiddotfhlol r-gt II IIill froll (lIP 11-( ofill-((ti(iC(s way llt ((fwd) as tlIHipsilnhl( a- tll( lohity of tIl( 11IHIlIjnb 10 plU1ts

11 dosngls of 1(lIiPII( Ipxwhloljlh (UJ-(I] ~()Ill[ injun- to )( and oats nlthough injury fl(1JI1 thl Jiglltl1 (losiI(lt I~ not ~o ~iplt II~ [10111 ih( lwnj(ll (lmill~(s

Til (J1pml b(J)Z(ll( h(lxl1rhlolidl applnlN] to iJl(Ipaltp til( gTowth nlHI i(ld of r()w]lPlls fl(Hlch Jaij(d to lthow fill din(gtJPJlp~ III tlil JllIlIlh(IS of inR((tR ()l ofhpl )lPsts that (oult han H((Olmtpd 101 the difl)PIH(s ill lil( ~l()th and yipld of this (10]) OhsPIntloJ1 ()Il tohn((() show((1 that (hl il1pdi(iti( ((mIJOlhd til( Ioot kllot 1111111(0lt1(

rr

20 lEGHNfCAr B(TI~tETIX 1017bull 1- g DEPT OF MmrCtLlURE

11owenJ tlH YllJi(t- of (O]gt(as ~J(ln BJnhhnlll is pllltially resistshyant to ntis 11(gtlIlltolt1e llnd itis (loubtful whether its (ontTol eould acshycount Jot the ineJlased yi(middotlds

DDT eli d 1I0t SPtlll to inj u1( (ot( on H did not ea 115( SO Jl1 le11 c1amugl to toba((o liS dhl 1)(11(11( lltXtl(h loli(e The lOll-pound ((osage appl i(d ollly ill H)middott7 (a listll (h IOli Ill sylll ptOJllS i n t11(~ ioha((o plants in llJT early in tlwir gJowth hilt 111( plallt olltgJ( thelll Ill( dry wrHtll(J und thr faet that I Ill tohHtO was plalliNl soon dtlJ thl inselttieidps (J( appliNI may han hllped (III1Sl Ih(s( SYlIlptOIlIS Ih(J( WtlS SOli 1(gt (itlPIIll 1gtu I 110 dltfi II i Ie PIOO f t lIa t (h is dOSHil ilIj I Ied the lobuclo plans in lJjmiddotD NOl1l of till othlr dosages aHdrt lIP tobH((O

Fllt iIWmiddot(s 110 clalllngl to (o(I(a5 hy DDT was a ppa I(IIL (Ylll hy tlll j()()-polllld dosHg( but hy lHD all (]osagls (x((pt till W-polllld tlosa~p (t (flllHing SOlll( (lIlJllng( Th( injllJ) WlIS 1110-1 S(plC h(I( l1H lIHl-pound llosagp was appliNl in InImiddotT onl 1111(1 WhlI( thc ~lshypOllnd ltIo~agl a1gt 11IwatNl nllnudl~ Thl H)-polllld dosag( (alls((] hss illjUI than an of till olltCl DDT tlpatllHllts inlludillg tlH apshypli(atioll of 1(J pounds of nDT onI a pplio( of lHIS

11 dosaWs of DDT injllJp(l l)P nnd oat~ till 1( Iwing tltp 1l1Oll illS((pt i1) 1(

A I1UlIlhpl or ill(stiiutolS 1iI( dllllolIall(] that IH-a dosa4ls of DDT Ot hCIlllll hCXttltllIolitlp ilHOIpoIalpd in till ~()il ~i11 IWJll (PIfain (lOps IIp dosagps how(I alp not lilwlv to Ill IlSld UIlshy~BR nil p(s is H) illipOIIllil (ollollliltally thaI its sj)J(at (nllllO b( ]JPIllliited SIHIt H (as( is lx((ptiollHI and ~ltollid llot h( rOJlfusClt1 with OldillHI plant-pCst (Ol 101 ]llohllnls FlIltlllIIlIOIP otlllI IIglishy(ultulnl (IIIlidenls -lw1l as fll(ili(Is and lillH will also (au~( plant jlljUJ) if 11-(11 ill (X(psil dong(middots

~(IT snlllll doails of SOllll of 111( IllW olgturil inspl kid(middot- alt lflpdip against n llllllllwl of ills(( Plss )[()IlOPI S(Hlll pidplI((

liS olllaillPd ill this illYPstiintioll titnt bllI(ll Iwsa(ltlolitll lllll Ill hpl1Pfieial to plallt glowth alld (TOP ~illd or (OPlHS TItplpjOI( whpIl light doag(middot of tltl Jl( il1pdi(illp haY( h(pll fOllnd to h( lIIp((irp ill (oltl()llill~ a Illst without (tUlil1g a IHt1tlt IlHtI(] and tlllI( it IlO pid(IHP that tlw will (IIS( iPIjolt plant illjuJY (h(jJ IIS PlIlI- jll~t ilild TIJ(r sholll1 not 1)( (Olldllllll(d 1lHIply hlflllN h(a (Iosagls ill (ltc soil (HII~l (JIIl( ltHlltlgP to ((ItHill (II)PS

ExplJinHIlI- (1( II(gUIl Ht FIOIIJll S C ill tltt prillg or IJmiddotIT to S[lId~ Ilw (11((1 or oil HpplicHtiol1s of 1(lIzI( hpxt(hIOlidl D[)T II lid t oxapItPlJp 011 fi ( (IO]S g1O1l ill 1-( I 101 aioll Tlllia Ill( -oil tllltlll(middotltt (11 t((td ill thl(( (XIJ(Iilll(llts Iall xlHIilll(llt WHss(ttlllmiddotd with1 dillPIPIl( (IOp hut tltp-tllll olh((sioll s foll()((i Tolia((() was followltll by a Hlixtllll or oat Hilt lIst Iiall illtlI Iwas (OP(llS 11](gt S((OIHI splillgI(middot (Itt SlOlld Idl (ot(OIl (Ill thitll pJilli and Jrp (II( thild fall Lilwis( I( aftpl (oltOll was 101shym(middotd h to1gtI((O Til (lti- lIlalllI tp-t WplP 111t(h Oil nil till (IOPS (11lt11 YPH I

1)1)1 was upplil(l al 10 lIlld ~() pOI1It(I 1gt(1 n(l( lteh spling lIm1 at 40 and IO() potlllltls ill IlmiddotIT only CottOll did lIot S(PIll to 1)( ntll(tld by lIt DDT (J(alJlI(lltS Th( onl IINlillllllt that sP(lllld to aflltt

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOlL TREATMENTfi ON TOBACCO COfTON COWPEAS 21

tobacco waS the lOO-pound dosage that was applied in 10-17 only This dosage appeared to cause some chlorine injury chalacterized by glossy brittle haves in 1047 tmd to affect the yield and IHlLning qualIty in 1940 11 except the 40-poul1d dosagl~ of DDT afleded COWplUS to some extent but the(gt efl(gt((s were 110t apparent until l)1H Tl~ 100shypound (io3uge signifilantly redmNl the yield of cowpeaR in the hull in 11148 and 1((111(elt1 the stand of plant ill HHx and 10JH The wshypound dosnge did not significlntly aflPlmiddott the (owJ)eHS in any yeaI but the yield of hay and llPUR in till hllli wa les than thnt flolll the untreated cheek in H)Js ThlN annual applications of 10 Ot 20 pOUlHls PPl ael( redu(pltl tb stand and glowl of till cowpea plants The JO(J-poull(l dOSHgP 5((I1I(gt( to letlt(l the gl(Jlh of oats and Austrian winter peas Hy(l wn ulteeptihlp to injury by DDT and lwn [t total of nil POllIHl applied OWl a pEd()(l of WillS r(dll(~d ~()wth under ol11e (onditioll bull Toxa phel1e at ~II ]lOlllH P(l l1)e anllUH 1Ir wa- hs~ i njlIliotl than DDT at the same dosae

Tlclmiltal hlIlZ(llP lilxadlloli(hmiddot (ol1tnlning 1~ ]lpnlIH of gamma hont(] wn~ nppli(d HIUll1fllly llt 117 IHHul(b (gt(1 1I1lP amI at l~i Jl()ull(l~ with ~) ]gtOllIlIb of DDT III llJT IgtPIIZtIll hlXiHhlolidp wn pplipd HI-o ttt l~ pound pel 1llI( IUl(1 at -l POllll(l with l1 V()l1J1(l~ of DDT _11 thesl tl(atlllll1tmiddot aflp(middotttt tlU lIayoL or t Itt tobn(((j in 1HT the (Jill WitI in hhmiddotl ml (pt-- tl( IIlIHlp TIll )11- lind t~middot J)(Jllllll doaglmiddot p(hap(l tIll 1Uld of a Oot kLlOt-Ip-itnnt vnlilty of toiHU(O ill 1)middot~7 wl(p tlw plallt- W(I( trnn--planlld -hortly artpI tlt( ius((tilidp ltntllllllI appliP(1 In WmiddotI tlllimiddotI1 nIl (lolgl gan ~ml( lolltlOl of tIll loot kllot lltlIHlIOdl all ill llmiddotUJ a -lilttlv hidIP1 Yitll Wl ol)(uilHd frotH till plot~ thnt ha(lllmiddot((inmiddot(l Ill( 1IIIIlHmiddotit~t Io~np~ ill W+7 III 1lt7 all dOlIp 1(gt1111((1 1111 -tall of (oltoll lwo it WshyplatltPl -hott tftp thljlll(ti(id( hnd lapll npplitd hut ill l1b-(shymiddotJlllllt vIIIIS 1WIlt or til(gt 111111111(111 IUUIlIlII til( lottOll Ill bllIztJlP

lHXtHhlolid( ]i(luO( -P(1ll til illjUlP lW ~(J lItlwlt n (lid DIgtT lUlIl fol sOliii I1llkuO1 l(a oll it appptllcl toimllu-1 tlll itld or lwa- in thl hull BPllZIIH ltlxl(hloIi(l likl DDT llil lwr iidull tn [ol1owiH (orton a nuwh a it (litl IYI followillg (middotOWp(middott Thl Hnmiddottmiddott tong( of l(l1ZIIH 1IIxllltloli(lt illqmlllll l IPlh1ih oiur til ln awl otlt plllIlh ([w-inll lutill Ih 1Jmiddotmiddotf1 -(laoH

UTER TlHF CITED

dl (eOIm n l I Uf 1 It II 11 r E ImRl r n nmiddotJt WIL awl Hu~ 1

11U fnf( r of Imiddot 1 ( II ~IltfI r llH TncTll ClI n If I UIT 1lI TYlf - ( 1 Ex -11 1111 HIt II Ii iilu

121 (mnnll bull 11 II amI InlItl-o I 1 1Jo flH Iln WIHf 11 I 11 rMfiF suIL I l f II tltf TbullbullItl

(011 Ent Ja 1-1 til (~ 1 FInnbullbull YUTtJI J

Hill un( r 00 Il S OF (JIITlft IUl to -011 FIJI IIlE ntsmll UO ltIF TAr~bf nFtfU 111- (~ Bur gil HUli Phwt (11111 I~ j~j (IIIJl poundr)(ImiddotI1

laquo FIlFnR ARTnra ( Ill SllMfTLAT t~PWil fII nJn- I-gt-J( lit JOh 1 Hlt S(lll ~

Ilfptbullbull1 (il SO middot11 ppbull mus ~tl IAIIU - )h Inmn bullbull1 Ibull11bull BIIWIT T )I unl Ii) E Cl

In~O uou m (fUIlfU IS -TtIITlIl JIiR()Wllllltmiddot tIlE rml(11) lLTs SII ITS trncr ox TIn fJr 1 TlY OF flr (ntHI U ~ 1 IJII f bull A~l HPF 40 fl2imiddot (W mus

22 TECIINICALBULLETIN 1017 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(O) GItWSON T ~r nnd PoosF W 10middot1i SOI]TIIImN CORN 1t00rWOnr IS A i~Sl or lNurs OUI ECOll J~It

10 251-256 1llus (7) GmENWOOll DOUGLAS E

1H7 lIeNlmNE ImxACIHoltlUE ANIl wHumouM COXLlIOL 1otH t1c-OIl EJllt 40 724-727

(S) rONES L W llliO 1m INIlIlmlgt )OX1( Jt) SOli HIO()Il()IR~IR FulII 1111(1 llollll bull

Sei(gtllCl Utnll AgT ExpL Stu 11 W) JR--9 illl1S (0) I_AX) l( ( HTON~ ~1 V LAN(msIlm 111 1 0 IS I W 1111lt1

OllISON KJiJ 1048 srullms W1IIl 1I1lI AS A (ONI1I01 F()11 Wll1mOUlS IN lIt1tlGNfeu

lNllS- ljlO(lIl~SS IIEIOUI r~ [111 1~1lt 11111 1111 Qlllll Bshy765 D PI bullbull [PrO(CSSNl)

(10) UOltllIf H E 1111(1 DwrxGII n H 102 I1IJtIIY1O GllOlN(I (1101S (middotHREII II) lHI- IIHIIION 01 lIR~NI(middotI

(OIOIIR 10 rrm SOlI 0111 ltt illS mmiddot7k illlts (ll) Moltltso1l II 11 lWIU II B (IW~Il ~ I~ 11bull and Lllll~lnAl~gtll

lIS TIH IWImiddotmiddot(rs 01- (Itr1I1I IIW SelIL ISI(II(WJS 00 PIAmiddotrs Tour HIOIl Ent 11 171-mi

(12) OKAoI~ W lt lli-l7 UIs wITH ZEI~ InXA(IUOltlllt 10111 B(IIn Elli middot10 lmiddotmiddot

lH (J) PlgtPH nfl~middot B YIIRON (I~HTON A lind C~fIlImI bullbull OIlX (

11)17 IItN7IX~~ lJISACIIIOltllll) AXil OlHEH (O~I~ll1IflS FOlt (oorItOI cW WI1t~ WOrt~li 111SII0 10ll(lR 10UI l~~((Jtl BilL 10 77 70

1]4) KIITII 1N1II n 11lII I-ZIIbullbull ~Lltll Fl l1H7 SOlI lWU(lOIWNlSltS AllH wnXnll It SOlII- 01 lll~ NI~W lIHXIIshy

(JI)~il Soil Hel Hut Anur lrm 12 27 middotaa IlllIs (15) SNYlJ~~ltT (

lIla (1101S IU1IIIU IX It(IEII Oil II 111111-1 1I~h Rill (p 11ol ~O( lro( n ~ 4amp0-1

(Hi) 81JTI ToYl) L nnd ]~ANROX Jums 10middot10 PlInorOSHiTY 1I1l OFINtIIlrY Of- nmlIIIR Ortoo IX sou

Illt-Nr~1l I]-U J1ISE(middotrI(middotUl~S rOllt 1~(middot(Il( ]0)11( j (]4 --Gl7 Ii I middotNm(WWmiddotl~~ ( 1I0RNEll G M lUHI KtT()X ( II

lOan r1l1ltoJ)t(Tn~oEsS 01 CElIllN OtWIllW SOli AS mIIn1l 10 lgAIl I11SENITt SItY ((e~ltIAt101IS ioil S(middotI oJ 2(1~-2J1 ill liS bull

(18) WlrrrA~1 S K 1 1fJR s~rtNIlJI IN sons r H )tpt gr Y(IIIl)Wk was SiOmiddotSH

nil) WnsoNr K bullbull nud CUOCDlIllT 11 S HHG ~~FOS ()~ Illrr ON C~~IllAIN )(J(IlOlltOIOOI(AL l1l0(ISS~S JX Tit I SOlf

0111 Bcon Eltt 30 GJ7-5aH (20) ----- Ilnd (HOtUHlII H R

1DM nm tFPIWI (W mOZNI H~XA(HL_OltTJr ON SOli OUGAXI$lS lOllI Agr H(s 77 2-r-~2

(21) WIISOX Lom n 10at EVPt(TS OF (lllOltISe J1110~[In 1111 )leOUINg 011 THt~ TOIAceo lL11T bull

bull 1our gl HiS 4( R80-SUO IIus (22) Youxo H e 11Illtl (lIM 1 B

lOmiddottS sonrltlAt~nTS wnn H1Jrro (O1TuOr lin WIttI~IlINmn I~r~nI T K Hul I~nt ntHl Plant QUill )middotiiO S IP [I)nHl~s(d1

bull oorsall hy tlw ~lIperlutcnlf(flt of ()(lilIl1wutS t flOIerJuiirlt Prlntlll OJll(~

Wt~hrlltton 2~ 1)0 bull Irk~15 (~nts

rr

20 lEGHNfCAr B(TI~tETIX 1017bull 1- g DEPT OF MmrCtLlURE

11owenJ tlH YllJi(t- of (O]gt(as ~J(ln BJnhhnlll is pllltially resistshyant to ntis 11(gtlIlltolt1e llnd itis (loubtful whether its (ontTol eould acshycount Jot the ineJlased yi(middotlds

DDT eli d 1I0t SPtlll to inj u1( (ot( on H did not ea 115( SO Jl1 le11 c1amugl to toba((o liS dhl 1)(11(11( lltXtl(h loli(e The lOll-pound ((osage appl i(d ollly ill H)middott7 (a listll (h IOli Ill sylll ptOJllS i n t11(~ ioha((o plants in llJT early in tlwir gJowth hilt 111( plallt olltgJ( thelll Ill( dry wrHtll(J und thr faet that I Ill tohHtO was plalliNl soon dtlJ thl inselttieidps (J( appliNI may han hllped (III1Sl Ih(s( SYlIlptOIlIS Ih(J( WtlS SOli 1(gt (itlPIIll 1gtu I 110 dltfi II i Ie PIOO f t lIa t (h is dOSHil ilIj I Ied the lobuclo plans in lJjmiddotD NOl1l of till othlr dosages aHdrt lIP tobH((O

Fllt iIWmiddot(s 110 clalllngl to (o(I(a5 hy DDT was a ppa I(IIL (Ylll hy tlll j()()-polllld dosHg( but hy lHD all (]osagls (x((pt till W-polllld tlosa~p (t (flllHing SOlll( (lIlJllng( Th( injllJ) WlIS 1110-1 S(plC h(I( l1H lIHl-pound llosagp was appliNl in InImiddotT onl 1111(1 WhlI( thc ~lshypOllnd ltIo~agl a1gt 11IwatNl nllnudl~ Thl H)-polllld dosag( (alls((] hss illjUI than an of till olltCl DDT tlpatllHllts inlludillg tlH apshypli(atioll of 1(J pounds of nDT onI a pplio( of lHIS

11 dosaWs of DDT injllJp(l l)P nnd oat~ till 1( Iwing tltp 1l1Oll illS((pt i1) 1(

A I1UlIlhpl or ill(stiiutolS 1iI( dllllolIall(] that IH-a dosa4ls of DDT Ot hCIlllll hCXttltllIolitlp ilHOIpoIalpd in till ~()il ~i11 IWJll (PIfain (lOps IIp dosagps how(I alp not lilwlv to Ill IlSld UIlshy~BR nil p(s is H) illipOIIllil (ollollliltally thaI its sj)J(at (nllllO b( ]JPIllliited SIHIt H (as( is lx((ptiollHI and ~ltollid llot h( rOJlfusClt1 with OldillHI plant-pCst (Ol 101 ]llohllnls FlIltlllIIlIOIP otlllI IIglishy(ultulnl (IIIlidenls -lw1l as fll(ili(Is and lillH will also (au~( plant jlljUJ) if 11-(11 ill (X(psil dong(middots

~(IT snlllll doails of SOllll of 111( IllW olgturil inspl kid(middot- alt lflpdip against n llllllllwl of ills(( Plss )[()IlOPI S(Hlll pidplI((

liS olllaillPd ill this illYPstiintioll titnt bllI(ll Iwsa(ltlolitll lllll Ill hpl1Pfieial to plallt glowth alld (TOP ~illd or (OPlHS TItplpjOI( whpIl light doag(middot of tltl Jl( il1pdi(illp haY( h(pll fOllnd to h( lIIp((irp ill (oltl()llill~ a Illst without (tUlil1g a IHt1tlt IlHtI(] and tlllI( it IlO pid(IHP that tlw will (IIS( iPIjolt plant illjuJY (h(jJ IIS PlIlI- jll~t ilild TIJ(r sholll1 not 1)( (Olldllllll(d 1lHIply hlflllN h(a (Iosagls ill (ltc soil (HII~l (JIIl( ltHlltlgP to ((ItHill (II)PS

ExplJinHIlI- (1( II(gUIl Ht FIOIIJll S C ill tltt prillg or IJmiddotIT to S[lId~ Ilw (11((1 or oil HpplicHtiol1s of 1(lIzI( hpxt(hIOlidl D[)T II lid t oxapItPlJp 011 fi ( (IO]S g1O1l ill 1-( I 101 aioll Tlllia Ill( -oil tllltlll(middotltt (11 t((td ill thl(( (XIJ(Iilll(llts Iall xlHIilll(llt WHss(ttlllmiddotd with1 dillPIPIl( (IOp hut tltp-tllll olh((sioll s foll()((i Tolia((() was followltll by a Hlixtllll or oat Hilt lIst Iiall illtlI Iwas (OP(llS 11](gt S((OIHI splillgI(middot (Itt SlOlld Idl (ot(OIl (Ill thitll pJilli and Jrp (II( thild fall Lilwis( I( aftpl (oltOll was 101shym(middotd h to1gtI((O Til (lti- lIlalllI tp-t WplP 111t(h Oil nil till (IOPS (11lt11 YPH I

1)1)1 was upplil(l al 10 lIlld ~() pOI1It(I 1gt(1 n(l( lteh spling lIm1 at 40 and IO() potlllltls ill IlmiddotIT only CottOll did lIot S(PIll to 1)( ntll(tld by lIt DDT (J(alJlI(lltS Th( onl IINlillllllt that sP(lllld to aflltt

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOlL TREATMENTfi ON TOBACCO COfTON COWPEAS 21

tobacco waS the lOO-pound dosage that was applied in 10-17 only This dosage appeared to cause some chlorine injury chalacterized by glossy brittle haves in 1047 tmd to affect the yield and IHlLning qualIty in 1940 11 except the 40-poul1d dosagl~ of DDT afleded COWplUS to some extent but the(gt efl(gt((s were 110t apparent until l)1H Tl~ 100shypound (io3uge signifilantly redmNl the yield of cowpeaR in the hull in 11148 and 1((111(elt1 the stand of plant ill HHx and 10JH The wshypound dosnge did not significlntly aflPlmiddott the (owJ)eHS in any yeaI but the yield of hay and llPUR in till hllli wa les than thnt flolll the untreated cheek in H)Js ThlN annual applications of 10 Ot 20 pOUlHls PPl ael( redu(pltl tb stand and glowl of till cowpea plants The JO(J-poull(l dOSHgP 5((I1I(gt( to letlt(l the gl(Jlh of oats and Austrian winter peas Hy(l wn ulteeptihlp to injury by DDT and lwn [t total of nil POllIHl applied OWl a pEd()(l of WillS r(dll(~d ~()wth under ol11e (onditioll bull Toxa phel1e at ~II ]lOlllH P(l l1)e anllUH 1Ir wa- hs~ i njlIliotl than DDT at the same dosae

Tlclmiltal hlIlZ(llP lilxadlloli(hmiddot (ol1tnlning 1~ ]lpnlIH of gamma hont(] wn~ nppli(d HIUll1fllly llt 117 IHHul(b (gt(1 1I1lP amI at l~i Jl()ull(l~ with ~) ]gtOllIlIb of DDT III llJT IgtPIIZtIll hlXiHhlolidp wn pplipd HI-o ttt l~ pound pel 1llI( IUl(1 at -l POllll(l with l1 V()l1J1(l~ of DDT _11 thesl tl(atlllll1tmiddot aflp(middotttt tlU lIayoL or t Itt tobn(((j in 1HT the (Jill WitI in hhmiddotl ml (pt-- tl( IIlIHlp TIll )11- lind t~middot J)(Jllllll doaglmiddot p(hap(l tIll 1Uld of a Oot kLlOt-Ip-itnnt vnlilty of toiHU(O ill 1)middot~7 wl(p tlw plallt- W(I( trnn--planlld -hortly artpI tlt( ius((tilidp ltntllllllI appliP(1 In WmiddotI tlllimiddotI1 nIl (lolgl gan ~ml( lolltlOl of tIll loot kllot lltlIHlIOdl all ill llmiddotUJ a -lilttlv hidIP1 Yitll Wl ol)(uilHd frotH till plot~ thnt ha(lllmiddot((inmiddot(l Ill( 1IIIIlHmiddotit~t Io~np~ ill W+7 III 1lt7 all dOlIp 1(gt1111((1 1111 -tall of (oltoll lwo it WshyplatltPl -hott tftp thljlll(ti(id( hnd lapll npplitd hut ill l1b-(shymiddotJlllllt vIIIIS 1WIlt or til(gt 111111111(111 IUUIlIlII til( lottOll Ill bllIztJlP

lHXtHhlolid( ]i(luO( -P(1ll til illjUlP lW ~(J lItlwlt n (lid DIgtT lUlIl fol sOliii I1llkuO1 l(a oll it appptllcl toimllu-1 tlll itld or lwa- in thl hull BPllZIIH ltlxl(hloIi(l likl DDT llil lwr iidull tn [ol1owiH (orton a nuwh a it (litl IYI followillg (middotOWp(middott Thl Hnmiddottmiddott tong( of l(l1ZIIH 1IIxllltloli(lt illqmlllll l IPlh1ih oiur til ln awl otlt plllIlh ([w-inll lutill Ih 1Jmiddotmiddotf1 -(laoH

UTER TlHF CITED

dl (eOIm n l I Uf 1 It II 11 r E ImRl r n nmiddotJt WIL awl Hu~ 1

11U fnf( r of Imiddot 1 ( II ~IltfI r llH TncTll ClI n If I UIT 1lI TYlf - ( 1 Ex -11 1111 HIt II Ii iilu

121 (mnnll bull 11 II amI InlItl-o I 1 1Jo flH Iln WIHf 11 I 11 rMfiF suIL I l f II tltf TbullbullItl

(011 Ent Ja 1-1 til (~ 1 FInnbullbull YUTtJI J

Hill un( r 00 Il S OF (JIITlft IUl to -011 FIJI IIlE ntsmll UO ltIF TAr~bf nFtfU 111- (~ Bur gil HUli Phwt (11111 I~ j~j (IIIJl poundr)(ImiddotI1

laquo FIlFnR ARTnra ( Ill SllMfTLAT t~PWil fII nJn- I-gt-J( lit JOh 1 Hlt S(lll ~

Ilfptbullbull1 (il SO middot11 ppbull mus ~tl IAIIU - )h Inmn bullbull1 Ibull11bull BIIWIT T )I unl Ii) E Cl

In~O uou m (fUIlfU IS -TtIITlIl JIiR()Wllllltmiddot tIlE rml(11) lLTs SII ITS trncr ox TIn fJr 1 TlY OF flr (ntHI U ~ 1 IJII f bull A~l HPF 40 fl2imiddot (W mus

22 TECIINICALBULLETIN 1017 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(O) GItWSON T ~r nnd PoosF W 10middot1i SOI]TIIImN CORN 1t00rWOnr IS A i~Sl or lNurs OUI ECOll J~It

10 251-256 1llus (7) GmENWOOll DOUGLAS E

1H7 lIeNlmNE ImxACIHoltlUE ANIl wHumouM COXLlIOL 1otH t1c-OIl EJllt 40 724-727

(S) rONES L W llliO 1m INIlIlmlgt )OX1( Jt) SOli HIO()Il()IR~IR FulII 1111(1 llollll bull

Sei(gtllCl Utnll AgT ExpL Stu 11 W) JR--9 illl1S (0) I_AX) l( ( HTON~ ~1 V LAN(msIlm 111 1 0 IS I W 1111lt1

OllISON KJiJ 1048 srullms W1IIl 1I1lI AS A (ONI1I01 F()11 Wll1mOUlS IN lIt1tlGNfeu

lNllS- ljlO(lIl~SS IIEIOUI r~ [111 1~1lt 11111 1111 Qlllll Bshy765 D PI bullbull [PrO(CSSNl)

(10) UOltllIf H E 1111(1 DwrxGII n H 102 I1IJtIIY1O GllOlN(I (1101S (middotHREII II) lHI- IIHIIION 01 lIR~NI(middotI

(OIOIIR 10 rrm SOlI 0111 ltt illS mmiddot7k illlts (ll) Moltltso1l II 11 lWIU II B (IW~Il ~ I~ 11bull and Lllll~lnAl~gtll

lIS TIH IWImiddotmiddot(rs 01- (Itr1I1I IIW SelIL ISI(II(WJS 00 PIAmiddotrs Tour HIOIl Ent 11 171-mi

(12) OKAoI~ W lt lli-l7 UIs wITH ZEI~ InXA(IUOltlllt 10111 B(IIn Elli middot10 lmiddotmiddot

lH (J) PlgtPH nfl~middot B YIIRON (I~HTON A lind C~fIlImI bullbull OIlX (

11)17 IItN7IX~~ lJISACIIIOltllll) AXil OlHEH (O~I~ll1IflS FOlt (oorItOI cW WI1t~ WOrt~li 111SII0 10ll(lR 10UI l~~((Jtl BilL 10 77 70

1]4) KIITII 1N1II n 11lII I-ZIIbullbull ~Lltll Fl l1H7 SOlI lWU(lOIWNlSltS AllH wnXnll It SOlII- 01 lll~ NI~W lIHXIIshy

(JI)~il Soil Hel Hut Anur lrm 12 27 middotaa IlllIs (15) SNYlJ~~ltT (

lIla (1101S IU1IIIU IX It(IEII Oil II 111111-1 1I~h Rill (p 11ol ~O( lro( n ~ 4amp0-1

(Hi) 81JTI ToYl) L nnd ]~ANROX Jums 10middot10 PlInorOSHiTY 1I1l OFINtIIlrY Of- nmlIIIR Ortoo IX sou

Illt-Nr~1l I]-U J1ISE(middotrI(middotUl~S rOllt 1~(middot(Il( ]0)11( j (]4 --Gl7 Ii I middotNm(WWmiddotl~~ ( 1I0RNEll G M lUHI KtT()X ( II

lOan r1l1ltoJ)t(Tn~oEsS 01 CElIllN OtWIllW SOli AS mIIn1l 10 lgAIl I11SENITt SItY ((e~ltIAt101IS ioil S(middotI oJ 2(1~-2J1 ill liS bull

(18) WlrrrA~1 S K 1 1fJR s~rtNIlJI IN sons r H )tpt gr Y(IIIl)Wk was SiOmiddotSH

nil) WnsoNr K bullbull nud CUOCDlIllT 11 S HHG ~~FOS ()~ Illrr ON C~~IllAIN )(J(IlOlltOIOOI(AL l1l0(ISS~S JX Tit I SOlf

0111 Bcon Eltt 30 GJ7-5aH (20) ----- Ilnd (HOtUHlII H R

1DM nm tFPIWI (W mOZNI H~XA(HL_OltTJr ON SOli OUGAXI$lS lOllI Agr H(s 77 2-r-~2

(21) WIISOX Lom n 10at EVPt(TS OF (lllOltISe J1110~[In 1111 )leOUINg 011 THt~ TOIAceo lL11T bull

bull 1our gl HiS 4( R80-SUO IIus (22) Youxo H e 11Illtl (lIM 1 B

lOmiddottS sonrltlAt~nTS wnn H1Jrro (O1TuOr lin WIttI~IlINmn I~r~nI T K Hul I~nt ntHl Plant QUill )middotiiO S IP [I)nHl~s(d1

bull oorsall hy tlw ~lIperlutcnlf(flt of ()(lilIl1wutS t flOIerJuiirlt Prlntlll OJll(~

Wt~hrlltton 2~ 1)0 bull Irk~15 (~nts

bull

bull

bull

EFFECT OF SOlL TREATMENTfi ON TOBACCO COfTON COWPEAS 21

tobacco waS the lOO-pound dosage that was applied in 10-17 only This dosage appeared to cause some chlorine injury chalacterized by glossy brittle haves in 1047 tmd to affect the yield and IHlLning qualIty in 1940 11 except the 40-poul1d dosagl~ of DDT afleded COWplUS to some extent but the(gt efl(gt((s were 110t apparent until l)1H Tl~ 100shypound (io3uge signifilantly redmNl the yield of cowpeaR in the hull in 11148 and 1((111(elt1 the stand of plant ill HHx and 10JH The wshypound dosnge did not significlntly aflPlmiddott the (owJ)eHS in any yeaI but the yield of hay and llPUR in till hllli wa les than thnt flolll the untreated cheek in H)Js ThlN annual applications of 10 Ot 20 pOUlHls PPl ael( redu(pltl tb stand and glowl of till cowpea plants The JO(J-poull(l dOSHgP 5((I1I(gt( to letlt(l the gl(Jlh of oats and Austrian winter peas Hy(l wn ulteeptihlp to injury by DDT and lwn [t total of nil POllIHl applied OWl a pEd()(l of WillS r(dll(~d ~()wth under ol11e (onditioll bull Toxa phel1e at ~II ]lOlllH P(l l1)e anllUH 1Ir wa- hs~ i njlIliotl than DDT at the same dosae

Tlclmiltal hlIlZ(llP lilxadlloli(hmiddot (ol1tnlning 1~ ]lpnlIH of gamma hont(] wn~ nppli(d HIUll1fllly llt 117 IHHul(b (gt(1 1I1lP amI at l~i Jl()ull(l~ with ~) ]gtOllIlIb of DDT III llJT IgtPIIZtIll hlXiHhlolidp wn pplipd HI-o ttt l~ pound pel 1llI( IUl(1 at -l POllll(l with l1 V()l1J1(l~ of DDT _11 thesl tl(atlllll1tmiddot aflp(middotttt tlU lIayoL or t Itt tobn(((j in 1HT the (Jill WitI in hhmiddotl ml (pt-- tl( IIlIHlp TIll )11- lind t~middot J)(Jllllll doaglmiddot p(hap(l tIll 1Uld of a Oot kLlOt-Ip-itnnt vnlilty of toiHU(O ill 1)middot~7 wl(p tlw plallt- W(I( trnn--planlld -hortly artpI tlt( ius((tilidp ltntllllllI appliP(1 In WmiddotI tlllimiddotI1 nIl (lolgl gan ~ml( lolltlOl of tIll loot kllot lltlIHlIOdl all ill llmiddotUJ a -lilttlv hidIP1 Yitll Wl ol)(uilHd frotH till plot~ thnt ha(lllmiddot((inmiddot(l Ill( 1IIIIlHmiddotit~t Io~np~ ill W+7 III 1lt7 all dOlIp 1(gt1111((1 1111 -tall of (oltoll lwo it WshyplatltPl -hott tftp thljlll(ti(id( hnd lapll npplitd hut ill l1b-(shymiddotJlllllt vIIIIS 1WIlt or til(gt 111111111(111 IUUIlIlII til( lottOll Ill bllIztJlP

lHXtHhlolid( ]i(luO( -P(1ll til illjUlP lW ~(J lItlwlt n (lid DIgtT lUlIl fol sOliii I1llkuO1 l(a oll it appptllcl toimllu-1 tlll itld or lwa- in thl hull BPllZIIH ltlxl(hloIi(l likl DDT llil lwr iidull tn [ol1owiH (orton a nuwh a it (litl IYI followillg (middotOWp(middott Thl Hnmiddottmiddott tong( of l(l1ZIIH 1IIxllltloli(lt illqmlllll l IPlh1ih oiur til ln awl otlt plllIlh ([w-inll lutill Ih 1Jmiddotmiddotf1 -(laoH

UTER TlHF CITED

dl (eOIm n l I Uf 1 It II 11 r E ImRl r n nmiddotJt WIL awl Hu~ 1

11U fnf( r of Imiddot 1 ( II ~IltfI r llH TncTll ClI n If I UIT 1lI TYlf - ( 1 Ex -11 1111 HIt II Ii iilu

121 (mnnll bull 11 II amI InlItl-o I 1 1Jo flH Iln WIHf 11 I 11 rMfiF suIL I l f II tltf TbullbullItl

(011 Ent Ja 1-1 til (~ 1 FInnbullbull YUTtJI J

Hill un( r 00 Il S OF (JIITlft IUl to -011 FIJI IIlE ntsmll UO ltIF TAr~bf nFtfU 111- (~ Bur gil HUli Phwt (11111 I~ j~j (IIIJl poundr)(ImiddotI1

laquo FIlFnR ARTnra ( Ill SllMfTLAT t~PWil fII nJn- I-gt-J( lit JOh 1 Hlt S(lll ~

Ilfptbullbull1 (il SO middot11 ppbull mus ~tl IAIIU - )h Inmn bullbull1 Ibull11bull BIIWIT T )I unl Ii) E Cl

In~O uou m (fUIlfU IS -TtIITlIl JIiR()Wllllltmiddot tIlE rml(11) lLTs SII ITS trncr ox TIn fJr 1 TlY OF flr (ntHI U ~ 1 IJII f bull A~l HPF 40 fl2imiddot (W mus

22 TECIINICALBULLETIN 1017 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(O) GItWSON T ~r nnd PoosF W 10middot1i SOI]TIIImN CORN 1t00rWOnr IS A i~Sl or lNurs OUI ECOll J~It

10 251-256 1llus (7) GmENWOOll DOUGLAS E

1H7 lIeNlmNE ImxACIHoltlUE ANIl wHumouM COXLlIOL 1otH t1c-OIl EJllt 40 724-727

(S) rONES L W llliO 1m INIlIlmlgt )OX1( Jt) SOli HIO()Il()IR~IR FulII 1111(1 llollll bull

Sei(gtllCl Utnll AgT ExpL Stu 11 W) JR--9 illl1S (0) I_AX) l( ( HTON~ ~1 V LAN(msIlm 111 1 0 IS I W 1111lt1

OllISON KJiJ 1048 srullms W1IIl 1I1lI AS A (ONI1I01 F()11 Wll1mOUlS IN lIt1tlGNfeu

lNllS- ljlO(lIl~SS IIEIOUI r~ [111 1~1lt 11111 1111 Qlllll Bshy765 D PI bullbull [PrO(CSSNl)

(10) UOltllIf H E 1111(1 DwrxGII n H 102 I1IJtIIY1O GllOlN(I (1101S (middotHREII II) lHI- IIHIIION 01 lIR~NI(middotI

(OIOIIR 10 rrm SOlI 0111 ltt illS mmiddot7k illlts (ll) Moltltso1l II 11 lWIU II B (IW~Il ~ I~ 11bull and Lllll~lnAl~gtll

lIS TIH IWImiddotmiddot(rs 01- (Itr1I1I IIW SelIL ISI(II(WJS 00 PIAmiddotrs Tour HIOIl Ent 11 171-mi

(12) OKAoI~ W lt lli-l7 UIs wITH ZEI~ InXA(IUOltlllt 10111 B(IIn Elli middot10 lmiddotmiddot

lH (J) PlgtPH nfl~middot B YIIRON (I~HTON A lind C~fIlImI bullbull OIlX (

11)17 IItN7IX~~ lJISACIIIOltllll) AXil OlHEH (O~I~ll1IflS FOlt (oorItOI cW WI1t~ WOrt~li 111SII0 10ll(lR 10UI l~~((Jtl BilL 10 77 70

1]4) KIITII 1N1II n 11lII I-ZIIbullbull ~Lltll Fl l1H7 SOlI lWU(lOIWNlSltS AllH wnXnll It SOlII- 01 lll~ NI~W lIHXIIshy

(JI)~il Soil Hel Hut Anur lrm 12 27 middotaa IlllIs (15) SNYlJ~~ltT (

lIla (1101S IU1IIIU IX It(IEII Oil II 111111-1 1I~h Rill (p 11ol ~O( lro( n ~ 4amp0-1

(Hi) 81JTI ToYl) L nnd ]~ANROX Jums 10middot10 PlInorOSHiTY 1I1l OFINtIIlrY Of- nmlIIIR Ortoo IX sou

Illt-Nr~1l I]-U J1ISE(middotrI(middotUl~S rOllt 1~(middot(Il( ]0)11( j (]4 --Gl7 Ii I middotNm(WWmiddotl~~ ( 1I0RNEll G M lUHI KtT()X ( II

lOan r1l1ltoJ)t(Tn~oEsS 01 CElIllN OtWIllW SOli AS mIIn1l 10 lgAIl I11SENITt SItY ((e~ltIAt101IS ioil S(middotI oJ 2(1~-2J1 ill liS bull

(18) WlrrrA~1 S K 1 1fJR s~rtNIlJI IN sons r H )tpt gr Y(IIIl)Wk was SiOmiddotSH

nil) WnsoNr K bullbull nud CUOCDlIllT 11 S HHG ~~FOS ()~ Illrr ON C~~IllAIN )(J(IlOlltOIOOI(AL l1l0(ISS~S JX Tit I SOlf

0111 Bcon Eltt 30 GJ7-5aH (20) ----- Ilnd (HOtUHlII H R

1DM nm tFPIWI (W mOZNI H~XA(HL_OltTJr ON SOli OUGAXI$lS lOllI Agr H(s 77 2-r-~2

(21) WIISOX Lom n 10at EVPt(TS OF (lllOltISe J1110~[In 1111 )leOUINg 011 THt~ TOIAceo lL11T bull

bull 1our gl HiS 4( R80-SUO IIus (22) Youxo H e 11Illtl (lIM 1 B

lOmiddottS sonrltlAt~nTS wnn H1Jrro (O1TuOr lin WIttI~IlINmn I~r~nI T K Hul I~nt ntHl Plant QUill )middotiiO S IP [I)nHl~s(d1

bull oorsall hy tlw ~lIperlutcnlf(flt of ()(lilIl1wutS t flOIerJuiirlt Prlntlll OJll(~

Wt~hrlltton 2~ 1)0 bull Irk~15 (~nts

22 TECIINICALBULLETIN 1017 U S DEPT OF AGRICULTURE

(O) GItWSON T ~r nnd PoosF W 10middot1i SOI]TIIImN CORN 1t00rWOnr IS A i~Sl or lNurs OUI ECOll J~It

10 251-256 1llus (7) GmENWOOll DOUGLAS E

1H7 lIeNlmNE ImxACIHoltlUE ANIl wHumouM COXLlIOL 1otH t1c-OIl EJllt 40 724-727

(S) rONES L W llliO 1m INIlIlmlgt )OX1( Jt) SOli HIO()Il()IR~IR FulII 1111(1 llollll bull

Sei(gtllCl Utnll AgT ExpL Stu 11 W) JR--9 illl1S (0) I_AX) l( ( HTON~ ~1 V LAN(msIlm 111 1 0 IS I W 1111lt1

OllISON KJiJ 1048 srullms W1IIl 1I1lI AS A (ONI1I01 F()11 Wll1mOUlS IN lIt1tlGNfeu

lNllS- ljlO(lIl~SS IIEIOUI r~ [111 1~1lt 11111 1111 Qlllll Bshy765 D PI bullbull [PrO(CSSNl)

(10) UOltllIf H E 1111(1 DwrxGII n H 102 I1IJtIIY1O GllOlN(I (1101S (middotHREII II) lHI- IIHIIION 01 lIR~NI(middotI

(OIOIIR 10 rrm SOlI 0111 ltt illS mmiddot7k illlts (ll) Moltltso1l II 11 lWIU II B (IW~Il ~ I~ 11bull and Lllll~lnAl~gtll

lIS TIH IWImiddotmiddot(rs 01- (Itr1I1I IIW SelIL ISI(II(WJS 00 PIAmiddotrs Tour HIOIl Ent 11 171-mi

(12) OKAoI~ W lt lli-l7 UIs wITH ZEI~ InXA(IUOltlllt 10111 B(IIn Elli middot10 lmiddotmiddot

lH (J) PlgtPH nfl~middot B YIIRON (I~HTON A lind C~fIlImI bullbull OIlX (

11)17 IItN7IX~~ lJISACIIIOltllll) AXil OlHEH (O~I~ll1IflS FOlt (oorItOI cW WI1t~ WOrt~li 111SII0 10ll(lR 10UI l~~((Jtl BilL 10 77 70

1]4) KIITII 1N1II n 11lII I-ZIIbullbull ~Lltll Fl l1H7 SOlI lWU(lOIWNlSltS AllH wnXnll It SOlII- 01 lll~ NI~W lIHXIIshy

(JI)~il Soil Hel Hut Anur lrm 12 27 middotaa IlllIs (15) SNYlJ~~ltT (

lIla (1101S IU1IIIU IX It(IEII Oil II 111111-1 1I~h Rill (p 11ol ~O( lro( n ~ 4amp0-1

(Hi) 81JTI ToYl) L nnd ]~ANROX Jums 10middot10 PlInorOSHiTY 1I1l OFINtIIlrY Of- nmlIIIR Ortoo IX sou

Illt-Nr~1l I]-U J1ISE(middotrI(middotUl~S rOllt 1~(middot(Il( ]0)11( j (]4 --Gl7 Ii I middotNm(WWmiddotl~~ ( 1I0RNEll G M lUHI KtT()X ( II

lOan r1l1ltoJ)t(Tn~oEsS 01 CElIllN OtWIllW SOli AS mIIn1l 10 lgAIl I11SENITt SItY ((e~ltIAt101IS ioil S(middotI oJ 2(1~-2J1 ill liS bull

(18) WlrrrA~1 S K 1 1fJR s~rtNIlJI IN sons r H )tpt gr Y(IIIl)Wk was SiOmiddotSH

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CONTENTS Page

Introduction 1 Summary 1 Previous work 5 The study areas 8

North Fork woodland-cbaparlal plots 9 Bass Lake ponderosa pine plots 13 San Dimas chaparral plots 14 Monroe chaparral watershed 17

Method of study bull 21 Soil-moisture determination 21 Other measurements 22 Analysis procedure 26

Results of the study 28 Rainfall disposition on plots 28

North Fork woodland chaplITal 28 Bass Lake ponderosa pine bull 40 Snn Dimas chaparral 49

Rainfall disposition on the Monroe chaparral watershead 57 Results from plots on the watershed 59 Water losses and yield calculated for the watershed 65

bull Relation of streamflow to water yield 69

Discussion and conclusions 75 Determining quantity of water yielded by a watershed 75 Determining the time of percolation through the soil mantle 78 Determining the effects of egetation treatment upon

rainfall disposition 79 Literature cited 82 Common and botanical names of species mentioned 84

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