environmentclearance.nic.inenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/21032018...Document No. EIA/CI&F/2017/1/R01 March-2018 Environmental Impact Assessment For MANUFACTURING OF

Document No. EIA/CI&F/2017/1/R01

March-2018

Environmental Impact Assessment

For

MANUFACTURING OF TECHNICAL GRADE

PESTICIDES 500 TPA

At

PLOT NUMBER: E-23A SKS INDUSTRIAL AREA

REENGUS DISTRICT SIKAR

(RAJASTHAN)

“CENTRAL INSECTICIDES & FERTILIZERS”

Prepared By

EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. 304 & 305, 3rd Floor, Plot No. 16, Rishabh Towers,

Community Centre, Karkardooma, Delhi – 110 092

Telephone: + 91 1130003200

E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.eqmsindia.com

2018

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.eqmsindia.com/

MANUFACTURING OF TECHNICAL GRADE PESTICIDES, 500 TPA AT

PLOT NUMBER: E-23A SKS INDUSTRIAL AREA REENGUS DISTRICT

SIKAR, RAJASTHAN BY “CENTRAL INSECTICIDES & FERTILIZERS”

EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. Document No. EIA/CI&F/2017/1/R01 Issue No. 01 R 01 Page i

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1

1.1 IMPORTANCE AND NEED OF AN EIA ..................................................................... 1

1.1.1 Need for the Project and its Importance to the Country and Region .......................... 1

1.1.2 Demand Supply Gap ................................................................................................. 2

1.1.3 Imports vs. Indigenous Production ............................................................................. 2

1.2 PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT ..................................................................... 2

1.3 PROJECT SITE ......................................................................................................... 3

1.4 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ................................................................................. 5

1.5 METHDOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 6

1.6 SCOPE & OBJECTIVES OF THE EIA STUDY .......................................................... 6

1.7 TERMS OF REFERENCE ......................................................................................... 7

1.8 STRUCTURE OF REPORT ....................................................................................... 7

Chapter 2 : PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................. 9

2.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 9

2.2 LOCATION & SITE OTHER FEATURES ................................................................... 9

2.2.1 Connectivity ............................................................................................................... 9

2.2.2 Social Infrastructure Available ................................................................................... 9

2.2.3 Alternate Sites ......................................................................................................... 12

2.3 PROJECT PROPOSED PRODUCTS ...................................................................... 13

2.4 PROCESS DETAILS ............................................................................................... 13

2.4.1 Thiram ..................................................................................................................... 14

2.4.2 Ziram ....................................................................................................................... 15

2.4.3 Equipment List ......................................................................................................... 16

2.5 RAW MATERIALS ................................................................................................... 17

2.5.1 Bulk Storages .......................................................................................................... 17

2.6 UTILITIES ............................................................................................................... 18

2.6.1 Land ........................................................................................................................ 18

2.6.2 Water Requirement ................................................................................................. 18

2.6.3 Power Requirement ................................................................................................. 19

2.6.4 Fuel Requirement .................................................................................................... 19

2.6.5 Employment Generation (Direct and Indirect) due to the project ............................. 19

2.7 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS ................................................................................ 19




EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. Document No. EIA/CI&F/2017/1/R01 Issue No. 01 R 01 Page ii

2.7.1 Waste Water Generation ......................................................................................... 19

2.7.2 Emissions ................................................................................................................ 22

2.7.3 Hazardous Waste and Other Solid Waste ............................................................... 23

2.8 PROJECT COST & ENVIRONMENTAL RELATED BUDGET ................................. 24

2.9 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY .............................................................. 24

2.10 PROJECT COMPLETION ....................................................................................... 25

3.1 PROJECT COST ..................................................................................................... 25

3.2 TYPE OF INDUSTRIES NEAR THE PROJECT SITE ............................................. 25

Chapter 3 : DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT................................................................ 26

3.1 BACKGROUND AND SALIENT ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES OF THE STUDY

AREA 26

3.1.1 Environmental Setting and Salient Environmental Features of the Project Area ...... 26

3.1.2 Site Connectivity ...................................................................................................... 30

3.1.2.1 Habitation near project site ...................................................................................... 30

3.1.2.2 Archaeological protected areas ............................................................................... 31

3.1.3 Existing Sources of Pollution within 10 km area ....................................................... 31

3.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................... 33

3.2.1 Drainage Pattern ..................................................................................................... 33

3.2.2 Topography ............................................................................................................. 33

3.3 LAND USE PATTERN ............................................................................................. 37

3.4 GEOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 39

3.4.1 Seismicity and Associated Hazards ......................................................................... 40

3.5 SOIL ........................................................................................................................ 40

3.5.1 Regional Soil Types ................................................................................................. 41

3.5.2 Soil Classification of District ..................................................................................... 41

3.5.3 Cropping Pattern ..................................................................................................... 41

3.6 METEOROLOGICAL DATA (30 YEARS AVG.) ....................................................... 42

3.6.1 Wind Speed and Direction ....................................................................................... 43

3.6.2 Relative Humidity .................................................................................................... 43

3.6.3 Temperature ............................................................................................................ 43

3.6.4 Rainfall .................................................................................................................... 43

3.6.5 Calm Periods ........................................................................................................... 43

3.6.6 Site specific Met Data: ............................................................................................. 43




EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. Document No. EIA/CI&F/2017/1/R01 Issue No. 01 R 01 Page iii

3.6.7 Inversion Occurrence: ............................................................................................. 44

3.6.8 Barometric Pressures .............................................................................................. 46

3.6.9 Primary Data Collection: Monitoring Plan and Quality Assurance Procedures ......... 46

3.7 AIR ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................... 49

3.7.1 Selection of Monitoring Stations .............................................................................. 49

3.7.2 Analysis of Ambient Air Quality: ............................................................................... 49

3.7.3 Observation on Ambient Air Quality ......................................................................... 51

3.8 AMBIENT NOISE QUALITY .................................................................................... 51

3.8.1 Noise Levels in the Study Area ................................................................................ 51

3.9 WATER ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................ 52

3.9.1 Ground Water .......................................................................................................... 52

3.9.2 Usage Purpose of Ground Water ............................................................................. 52

3.9.3 Depth to Ground Water Table .................................................................................. 53

3.9.4 Ground Water Quality .............................................................................................. 53

3.9.5 Surface Water Quality ............................................................................................. 56

3.9.6 Soil Sampling and Analysis ..................................................................................... 57

3.9.7 Soil Characteristics & Interpretation of Analytical Results & Conclusions ................ 58

3.9.8 Chemical Characteristics of Soil .............................................................................. 58

3.9.9 Demography ............................................................................................................ 70

Chapter 4 : Impacts Assessment and Prediction ............................................................ 87

4.1. GENERAL ............................................................................................................... 87

4.2. CONSTRUCTION PHASE ....................................................................................... 88

4.2.1. Air Environment ........................................................................................ 90

4.2.2. Predicted GLC due to CIF Greenfield Project ............................................ 91

4.2.3. Measures for fugitive emission .................................................................. 96

4.2.4. Odour control for solid handling ................................................................ 96

4.2.5. Odour control for Liquid ............................................................................. 96

4.3. NOISE ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................... 97

4.3.1. Impacts due to Transportation ................................................................... 97

4.3.2. Impact on Community ............................................................................... 97

4.4. WATER ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................ 98

4.4.1. Water Demand .......................................................................................... 98

4.5. LAND ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................... 99




EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. Document No. EIA/CI&F/2017/1/R01 Issue No. 01 R 01 Page iv

4.5.1. Land Diversion .......................................................................................... 99

4.5.2. Land Deterioration .................................................................................... 99

4.6. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT................................................................................ 99

4.6.1. Flora ....................................................................................................... 100

4.6.2. Fauna ..................................................................................................... 100

4.6.3. CREP Guidelines .................................................................................... 100

4.7. SOCIO – ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ................................................................ 101

4.8. INFRASTRUCTURE .............................................................................................. 101

Chapter 5 : Environment Management Plan & Environmental Monitoring program... 103

5.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 103

5.2 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................... 103

5.2.1 Air Environment ...................................................................................... 104

5.2.2 Water Environment ................................................................................. 105

5.2.2.1 Rain Water Harvesting ............................................................................ 106

5.2.3 Land Environment ................................................................................... 106

5.2.4 Noise Environment .................................................................................. 107

5.2.5 Biological Environment ............................................................................ 108

5.2.6 Socio-economic Environment .................................................................. 110

5.2.7 Charter on Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP)

110

5.2.8 Environmental Management Cell ............................................................ 110

5.2.9 Environmental Monitoring Plan ............................................................... 111

Chapter 6 : Risk Assessment& DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................... 113

6.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 113

6.2 RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................. 113

6.3 RISK SCREENING APPROACH ........................................................................... 115

6.4 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STORAGE ................................................................. 118

6.5 QRA APPROACH ................................................................................................. 118

6.6 THERMAL HAZARDS ........................................................................................... 119

6.7 TOXIC RELEASE .................................................................................................. 121

6.8 DATA LIMITATIONS ............................................................................................. 121

6.9 LIKELY FAILURE SCENARIOS ............................................................................ 121

6.10 WEATHER EFFECT .............................................................................................. 121




EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. Document No. EIA/CI&F/2017/1/R01 Issue No. 01 R 01 Page v

6.11 INCIDENTS IMPACTS .......................................................................................... 121

6.12 CONSEQUENTIAL IMPACTS ............................................................................... 124

6.13 THERMAL AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS ............................................................. 124

6.14 TOXIC HAZARDS ................................................................................................. 124

6.15 OTHER HAZARDS ................................................................................................ 124

6.16 OTHER TOXIC HAZARDS .................................................................................... 124

6.16.1 General Control Measures ..................................................................................... 124

6.17 FLAMMABLE GAS FIRES ..................................................................................... 124

6.18 PROCESS SAFETY SYSTEM TO BE DEVELOPED AT CIF ................................ 125

6.19 SAFETY SYSTEM FOR TOXIC MATERIAL HANDLING ....................................... 126

6.20 WORK PLACE MONITORING PLAN .................................................................... 127

6.21 ARRANGEMENT FOR ENSURING HEALTH AND SAFETY OF WORKERS

ENGAGED IN HANDLING OF TOXIC MATERIALS .......................................................... 128

6.22 SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................... 128

6.23 COMMONLY RECOMMENDED CONTROL MEASURES ..................................... 128

6.24 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ............................................................ 129

6.25 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................... 130

6.26 ERGONOMIC AND PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS ................................................. 131

6.26.1 Key Process Safety Measures ............................................................................... 131

6.27 TRANSPORTATION ............................................................................................. 132

6.28 EMERGENCY FACILITIES ................................................................................... 135

6.29 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN [EMP] ........................................................ 136

6.30 RESPONSIBILITIES & ROLE OF KEY PERSONNEL ........................................... 137

6.30.1 Over all In-charge –President (Operation) ............................................................. 137

6.30.2 Chief Site Coordinator- Manager (Prod.) ............................................................... 137

6.30.3 Chief Maintenance Coordinator- GM (Maintenance) .............................................. 138

6.30.4 Chief Service Coordinator - Manager (HR) ............................................................ 138

6.30.5 Chief Material Coordinator- Manager (Materials) ................................................... 138

6.30.6 Incident Controller Concerned Plant -Manager Concerned Plant ........................... 139

6.30.7 Shift In charge (Concerned Plant): ......................................................................... 139

6.30.8 Security Officer Vehicle Control and Security Personnel Deployment at the Locations

139

6.30.9 Fire & Safety Controller- Incharge (F&S) ............................................................... 140

6.30.10 Fire Control Room In-Charge ................................................................................ 140




EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. Document No. EIA/CI&F/2017/1/R01 Issue No. 01 R 01 Page vi

6.30.11 Fire Supervisor should also ensure the following: .................................................. 140

6.31 POST EMERGENCY RECOVERY ........................................................................ 141

6.32 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION ................................................................................ 141

6.33 DAMAGE ASSESSMENT ...................................................................................... 141

6.34 CLEAN-UP AND RESTORATION ......................................................................... 142

6.35 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................. 142

6.36 PUBLIC HEARING ................................................................................................ 143

Chapter 7 : Summary and Conclusion ........................................................................... 149

7.1. PRELUDE ............................................................................................................. 149

7.2. REGULATORY COMPLIANCE ............................................................................. 149

7.3. BASELINE CONDITIONS ...................................................................................... 149

7.4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............................ 149

7.5. RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................... 150

Chapter 8 : DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS .............................................................. 151

LIST OF TABLE

Table 2.1: Co-ordinates of the project site ............................................................................. 9

Table 2.2: List of Proposed Products and Production Capacity ........................................... 13

Table 2.3: Mass Balance – Thiram ...................................................................................... 14

Table 2.4: Mass Balance – Ziram ........................................................................................ 15

Table 2.5: Lists of Plant and Machines ................................................................................ 16

Table 2.6: Details of Raw Material with Quantity ................................................................. 17

Table 2.7: Bulk Storages ..................................................................................................... 17

Table 2.8: Plot Area Break up ............................................................................................. 18

Table 2.9: Water Requirement ............................................................................................ 18

Table 2.10: Fuel Details ...................................................................................................... 19

Table 2.11: Utilities & Process Stacks Details ..................................................................... 23

Table 2.12: Emission Load .................................................................................................. 23

Table 2.13: National Emission Standards for Pesticide Manufacturing and Formulation Industry ........................................................................................................................ 23

Table 2.14: Waste Generation Quantity .............................................................................. 24

Table 2.15: Project Cost ...................................................................................................... 24

Table 3.1: Co-ordinates of the project site ........................................................................... 26

Table 3.2: Salient Environmental Features of Proposed Site ............................................... 27

Table 3.3: Land Use of the Study Area ............................................................................... 37




EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. Document No. EIA/CI&F/2017/1/R01 Issue No. 01 R 01 Page vii

Table 3.4: Fertility status – major nutrients and problematic soils of Sikar district ................ 41

Table 3.5: Area under Different Crops, 2011 ....................................................................... 41

Table 3.6: Production and Productivity of Major Crops, 2011 .............................................. 42

Table 3.7: Meteorological Data of Sikar (Period 1974-1990) ............................................... 42

Table 3.8: Monthly Percentages of Calm Periods ................................................................ 43

Table 3.9: Meteorological Data of Project Site .................................................................... 44

Table 3.10: Summary of Methodology for Primary/Secondary Baseline Data Collection ..... 46

Table 3.11: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ......................................................... 49

Table 3.12: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results for (24-hour average) .......................... 50

Table 3.13: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results for (24-hour average) .......................... 50

Table 3.14: Ambient Noise Monitoring Locations ................................................................ 51

Table 3.15: Ambient Noise Quality in Study Area ................................................................ 52

Table 3.16: The Details of Ground Water Resources of Sikar District (MCM/YEAR) ........... 53

Table 3.17: Name of Ground Water Sampling Locations ..................................................... 54

Table 3.18:Ground Water Quality ........................................................................................ 54

Table 3.19: Ground Water Quality ....................................................................................... 55

Table 3.20: Soil Sampling Locations ................................................................................... 57

Table 3.21: Physiochemical Characteristics of Soil ............................................................. 57

Table 3.22: Vegetation profile observed in the study area ................................................... 62

Table 3.23: Vegetable, pulses, and crops in the study area ................................................ 64

Table 3.24: Butterflies spotted in the area ........................................................................... 64

Table 3.25: Reptiles present in the area .............................................................................. 65

Table 3.26: Avifauna present in the area ............................................................................. 65

Table 3.27: Mammalian Species Present in the Study Area ................................................ 66

Table 3.28: Domesticated Mammalian species present in the Study Area .......................... 67

Table 3.29:Caste wise Population Distribution of Study Area Villages ................................. 70

Table 3.30: Male-female wise Literates & Illiterates ............................................................ 75

Table 3.31: Occupational Pattern in the Study Area Villages ............................................... 76

Table 3.32:Village-wise Basic Amenities Availability ........................................................... 83

Table 4.1: Stack Parameters ............................................................................................... 91

Table 4.2: Emission Load .................................................................................................... 91

Table 4.3: Summary of Maximum 24-hour Incremental GLC due to the Proposed Greenfield Project Stacks .............................................................................................................. 92

Table 4.4: Summary of Maximum GLC at Monitoring Locations due to the Proposed Project .................................................................................................................................... 92

Table 4.5: CREP Guidelines Compliance .......................................................................... 100

Table 5.1: List of Plant species to be planted .................................................................... 109




EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. Document No. EIA/CI&F/2017/1/R01 Issue No. 01 R 01 Page viii

Table 5.2: Capital Expenditure on green belt development ............................................... 110

Table 5.3: Revenue Expenditure (Annual) on green belt development .............................. 110

Table 5.4: Environmental Monitoring Program .................................................................. 111

Table 6.1: Liquid/Gaseous Bulk Storages ......................................................................... 115

Table 6.2: Hazardous Analysis Raw materials stored in Bulk ............................................ 116

Table 6.3: Hazard Analysis - Products .............................................................................. 117

Table 6.4: Risk Classification ............................................................................................ 118

Table 6.5: Effects due to Incident Radiation Intensity ........................................................ 119

Table 6.6: Thermal Radiation Impact to Human ................................................................ 120

Table 6.7: Tolerable Intensities for Various Objects .......................................................... 120

Table 6.8: Damage due to Overpressure .......................................................................... 120

Table 6.9: Different Failure Scenarios ............................................................................... 121

Table 6.10: Hazards Scenario Impact ............................................................................... 122

Table 6.11: Transportation, Unloading and Handling safety Measures .............................. 132




EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. Document No. EIA/CI&F/2017/1/R01 Issue No. 01 R 01 Page ix

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1.1: Project Location .................................................................................................. 4

Figure 1.2: Plant Boundary (Google Image) .......................................................................... 5

Figure 2.1: Toposheet (Buffer Map of 10 Km Radius from the Project Site) ........................ 11

Figure 2.2: Site Layout of Proposed Project ........................................................................ 12

Figure 2.3: Water Balance .................................................................................................. 19

Figure 2.4: Block Diagram of ETP ....................................................................................... 21

Figure 2.5: Proposed Scrubbing System ............................................................................. 22

Figure 3.1: Environmental Setting of the 10 Km Radius of the Plant Site ............................ 29

Figure 3.2: Site Photographs ............................................................................................... 30

Figure 3.3: Google View of SKS Industrial Area Showing Project Site ................................ 32

Figure 3.4: Drainage Map of Study Area ............................................................................. 34

Figure 3.5: Contours in 10 km Area Around Project Site ..................................................... 36

Figure 3.6: Digital Elevation Map of 10 Km Area (Project Site) ............................................ 36

Figure 3.7: Graph Showing Land Use of the Study Area (10 km Radius) ............................ 37

Figure 3.8: Land Use Map of 10 Km Area (Project Site) ...................................................... 38

Figure 3.9: Geomorphology of Sikar district (source: GSI Resource map) ........................... 39

Figure 3.10: Seismic Zones of India .................................................................................... 40

Figure 3.11: Wind Rose Diagram (March 2016 to June 2016) ............................................. 44

Figure 3.12: Sampling Monitoring Locations ....................................................................... 48

Figure 3.13: Ground Water Table Map of Sikar District ....................................................... 53

Figure 3.14: Proposed RICCO Industrial Area Gihlot and scrub vegetation ......................... 68

Figure 3.15: Vegetation accounts with faunal life forms in the study area............................ 69

Figure 3.16: Vegetation accounts with faunal life forms in the study area............................ 70

Figure 3.17: Male-female wise Population Distribution ........................................................ 72

Figure 3.18: SC Population in Study Area ........................................................................... 73

Figure 3.19: ST Population in Study Area ........................................................................... 73

Figure 3.20: Male-Female wise Distribution of Literates & Illiterates .................................... 74

Figure 3.21: Workers Scenario ............................................................................................ 79

Figure 3.22: Composition of Main Workers Population ........................................................ 80

Figure 3.23: Distribution of Composition of Marginal Workers ............................................. 80




EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. Document No. EIA/CI&F/2017/1/R01 Issue No. 01 R 01 Page x

LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annexure I: Accreditation Letter of Consultant

Annexure II: Copy of Terms of Reference

Annexure III: Compliance of Terms of Reference

Annexure IV: MSDS of Chemicals

Annexure V: Minutes of Meeting (MoM) for Public Hearing

Annexure VI: Analysis reports




EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. Document No. EIA/CI&F/2017/1/R01 Issue No. 01 R 01 Page 1

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

1.1 IMPORTANCE AND NEED OF AN EIA

Government of India, as per its policy has given emphasis on Sustainable Development.

While it is supporting the industrial growth, the environmental protection has been made the

integrated criteria for this support. In line with this policy, Ministry of Environment & Forests

has defined elaborated ‘Environment Clearance (EC)’ framework under The Environmental

(Protection) Act, 1986 (Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006) for

establishing/expanding an industry/development project. The EC process takes into

consideration local conditions, public concerns, effectiveness of impact assessment and

proposed mitigation measures in sustaining environmental equilibrium. The base

documentation/study report, called Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) detailing

baseline conditions, environmental impacts, mitigation measures and management plan is

required to be prepared for start of EC process. Prior Environmental Clearance is required

from concerned authorities for all projects detailed in the ‘Schedule’ as given in the

‘Notification dated: 14th September 2006’. The insecticide (technical) projects are listed as

category A under EIA notification. As per this category all pesticides projects require

environmental clearance. EIA report is mandatory for appraisal by expert committee prior to

EC. Since EIA preparation and compliance to EC requirement is time consuming, MoEF has

started accepting one season-based EIA study to reduce the overall clearance cycle time.

1.1.1 Need for the Project and its Importance to the Country and or Region

Pesticide usage has become essential in order to maximize agriculture production and

reduce public health pestilence. The rapid changes in cropping patterns, increased

fertilization and adoption of programs for high yielding varieties have all contributed to

increased use of pesticides.

Agriculture is an important sector of the Indian economy and vital for the food and nutritional

security of the nation. Ensuring food security for more than 1 billion Indians with diminishing

cultivable land resources is a herculean task. This necessitates use of high yielding variety

of seeds, balanced use of fertilizers, judicious use of quality pesticides along with education

of farmers and use of modern farming techniques. In order to meet the needs of a growing

population, agricultural production and protection technology have to play a crucial role.

Substantial food production is lost due to insect pests, plant pathogens, weeds, rodents,

birds, nematodes and during storage.

Pesticides industry has developed substantially and has contributed significantly towards

India’s agriculture and public health. In value terms the size of the Indian pesticide industry is

$3.8 billion in the year 2011. India is a predominant exporter of pesticides to USA, Europe

and African countries.

This chapter provides background information of the project, need of the project,

need of the EIA study, scope and EIA methodology adopted and structure of the

report.





Pesticides are essential input for agriculture and the project will provide adequate availability

of the required products at cheaper rates and will also reduce the import quantities.

1.1.2 Demand Supply Gap

The Indian pesticides industry is characterized by low capacity utilization. The present total

installed capacity is 146,000 tonnes and has a low capacity utilization of< 60%. The industry

suffers from high inventory owing to seasonal and irregular demand on account of

monsoons. The consumption of pesticides in India is low in comparison to other countries.

There is a marked difference in the consumption pattern of pesticides in India vis-à-vis the

rest of the world. Insecticides account for 76% of the total domestic market. On the other

hand, herbicides and fungicides have a significantly higher share in the global market. Crops

like cotton, wheat and rice to gather account for 70% of total agrochemical consumption. The

consumption of pesticides in India is low in comparison to other countries

The industry suffers from high inventory (owing to seasonal & irregular demand on account

of monsoons) and long credit periods to farmers, thusmaking operations' working capital'

intensive. India due to its inherent strength of low-cost flow manufacturing and qualified low-

cost manpoweris a net exporter of pesticides to countries such as USA and Some European

& African countries Exports formed~37% of total industry turnover in FY 13.

Since the requirement of Pesticides is increasing @ 10% to 15% every year, there is a huge

gap between the demand and supply

1.1.3 Imports vs. Indigenous Production

India is the 4th largest producer of pesticides after USA, Japan and China. India is the

second largest producer of pesticides in Asia. The Indian pesticides industry has been

growing at 8-9% p.a. over the past five years (FY07-FY11). Industry size is estimated to be

$3.8 billion in FY11 with exports accounting for 50% of the market. Over the XIIth plan

period, the segment is expected to grow at 12-13% p.a. with domestic demand growing at 8-

9% p.a. and export demand at 15-16%p.a. Three broad categories of companies are present

in the industry-Multi-National, Indian including the public-sector companies and small sector

units. There are about 125 technical grade pesticides manufacturers in the country of which

about 60 are in the organized sector, and 10 are, multinationals. There are about 800

pesticides formulators in the country. Most Indian technical manufacturers are focused on off

patent pesticides.

At present more than 70% requirement is fulfilled by import and there is urgent need to

create indigenous manufacturing facilities to provide better Quality at optimum cost.

1.2 PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT

Central Insecticides & Fertilizers Pvt. Ltd (henceforth CIF) proposes a Greenfield project

for manufacturing of technical grade pesticides (Fungicides; 500 MTPA) namely - Thiram,

Ziram at plot no E-23A, SKS industrial area Reengus, district Sikar, Rajasthan. Central

Insecticides and Fertilizers Private Limited is a Private incorporated on 29 October 1997. It is

classified as Non-Govt. Company and is registered at Registrar of Companies, Mumbai. The

proposed project falls under category 5 (b), Pesticides industry and pesticide specific

intermediates (excluding formulations) which shall be treated as Category “A” as per the EIA

notification dated 14th September, 2006 as amended till date.





The new plant will be designed with the basic concept of green chemistry with modifications

to optimize energy utilization and with significant reduction of manual interface. To meet the

target production rate, all equipment capacities and their sizes will be optimized.

Total cost of the project is Rs. 6 crores only.

1.3 PROJECT SITE

The proposed project is at plot no E-23A, RIICO SKS industrial area Reengus, district-Sikar, Rajasthan. The site is well connected to NH-11 (Agra-Jaipur-Bikaner) at an aerial distance ~2.05 Km in ENE direction.

Major railway station for public transportation is Jaipur Railway Station located at an aerial distance of ~24 Km in SW Direction from the project site. Nearest airport from project site is Jaipur Airport located at an aerial distance of ~ 60.73 Km in SSE Direction.

Nearest habitation are Villages Parasrampura 1.03 km NE; Sargoth 2.53 km SE and Reengus-3.40 Km in NNW.

Project location is shown in Figure 1.1 & 1.2.





Figure 1.1: Project Location





Figure 1.2 : Plant Boundary (Google Image)

1.4 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Environmental Rules & Regulations

Prior Environmental Clearance is required from concerned authorities for all projects detailed

in the ‘Schedule’ as given in the ‘Notification date 14th September, 2006’.as field project and

will subjected all rules and regulation as applicable to the plants of its categories. The

proposed project is a Category ’A’ project and will require clearance from Ministry of

Environment and Forest, New Delhi.

During Operational Stage: compliance monitoring programme viz. annual consents under

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution; water cess) Act, 1974; Air (Prevention and

Control of Pollution) Act, 1981; authorization under Hazardous Waste (Management &

Handling) Rules, 1989/2000/2008; Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; requirements and

statutory norms as per Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board etc..

In addition to environmental regulatory compliance, other applicable statutory rules and

regulations including (but not limited to) are the following:

o Fuels and other hazardous (Inflammable & Explosives) materials storages (As per Chief Controller of Explosives, Nagpur; rules and guide lines)

o Labour laws and Safety guide lines as per Labour Commissioner, Government of Haryana

o Boiler Regulations as per Chief Inspector of Boilers, Government of Haryana (small & low pressure boiler).

o ESIC etc.





1.5 METHDOLOGY

The Environmental Impact Assessment Report has been prepared based on the following

steps:

Familiarization with the Project: At the initial stages of the project, a site visit and

reconnaissance survey was undertaken. Based on the findings of the survey, the data

requirement and gaps were identified. The baseline data was collected from various

secondary data sources. Air quality monitoring, noise levels, traffic volume study, soil and

water sample analysis was carried out as per the environmental regulations relevant for

project.

Identification of Impacts: Based on the existing site conditions observed from the survey

works and sample analysis, environmental scoping has been carried out and all relevant

environmental and social issues requiring investigations during the EIA were identified. All

significant negative impact was earmarked for environmental mitigation measures. The

existing environmental and infrastructure conditions in the adjacent localities were also

reviewed to identify the possible shortcomings in the project.

EMP and Environmental Monitoring: In order to mitigate the negative environmental and

social impacts, mitigation measures were identified. The detailed plan for the management

of environmental components was then formulated in the form of an Environmental

Management Plan (EMP). Environmental monitoring requirements to ensure effectiveness of

recommended environmental measures and compliance with environmental standards

together with the institutional arrangements for their implementation were recommended.

Evaluation of impacts after, considering the mitigation, were evaluated using the rapid

impact assessment matrix method. It has been shown in the report that the suggested

mitigation measures can bring down the adverse negative impacts to the minimum level to

create such facilities that are in harmony with the environment.

1.6 SCOPE & OBJECTIVES OF THE EIA STUDY

This EIA report is prepared to comply with TOR given by the MoEF&CC as per the guideline.

The scope of study includes detailed characteristics of environmental components. For the

purpose of environmental assessment, the villages in the surrounding 10 km area have been

surveyed and relevant data has been collected. The objectives of this EIA are:

• To describe the project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out the expansion.

• To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be affected by the project, and/or likely to cause impacts by the project, including both the natural and man-made environment.

• To identify and quantify any environmental impacts associated with the proposed expansion and recommend appropriate mitigation measures.

• To identify existing landscape and visual quality in the study area so as to evaluate the landscape and visual impacts of the proposed expansion project.

• To propose mitigation measures to minimize pollution, environmental disturbance and nuisance during construction and operation of the project.

• To identify, assess and specify methods, measures and standards, to be included in the detailed design, construction and operation of the project which are





necessary to mitigate these impacts and reduce them to allowable levels within established standards/guidelines.

• To identify and justify the need for environmental monitoring to define the scope of the requirements necessary to ensure the implementation and the effectiveness of the environmental protection and pollution control measures adopted.

• To identify constraints associated with the mitigation measures recommended in this EIA.

• To identify any additional studies necessary to fulfil the objectives to the requirements of this EIA Study.

1.7 TERMS OF REFERENCE

Terms of Reference (TOR) were discussed during Minutes for 4th expert appraisal committee

(Industrial-2) meeting held during 11-12th FEBRUARY, 2016 finalized the ‘TORs’ for

preparation of EIA/EMP. The EIA report prepared as per ToRs given by EAC, MoEF&CC

vide letter no. J-11011/08/2016-IA II (I) dtd: 05th April 2016. After careful review of all the

details, the application & report is to be made for EC for the proposed expansion project.

The TOR compliance enclosed as an Annexure II.

1.8 STRUCTURE OF REPORT

The report has been suitably structured covering various aspects like project description,

baseline conditions, environmental impacts, mitigation measuresand environmental

management plan. The EIA report has been prepared chapter wise in accordance with the

generic structure suggested by MoEF in the EIA notification. The report of the EIA study for

the proposed expansion projects has been prepared in the following structure.

Chapter – 1 (Introduction)

• Purpose of the report

• Identification of project andproject proponent

• Brief description of nature, size, location of the project and its importance to the region and country

• Scope of the study – details of regulatory scoping carried out

Chapter – 2 (Project Description)

✓ Condensed description of aspects of the project

✓ Description contains the details of the following:

• Type of project

• Need for the project and project site layout

• Technology and process description

• Project description, project site, salient features, technology used etc. which give important information for EIA purpose

• Brief note on resource/utility requirements, project cost and funds allotted for EMS.





Chapter – 3 (Description of the Environment)

• Study area, period, sampling frequency, components and methodology used for analysis.

• Establishment of baseline for valued environmental components, as identified in the scope.

• Base maps of all environmental components

Chapter – 4 (Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures)

• Details of investigated environmental impacts due to project location, emission from proposed project, regular operations and final decommissioning.

• Measures for minimizing and / or offsetting adverse impacts identified

• Assessment of significance of impacts

• Mitigation measures

Chapter – 5 (Environment Management Plan & Environmental Monitoring Programme)

Technical aspects of environmental monitoring for the effectiveness of mitigation measures (incl. Measurement methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis, emergency procedures, budget and procurement schedules)

Description of the administrative aspects of ensuring that mitigation measures are implemented and their effectiveness and Monitoring Plan. This chapter consists of:

• Mitigation measures for impacts

• Pollution Prevention Plan

• Greenbelt Development Plan

• Environment Management Cell

• Monitoring Plan

• Budgetary Provisions for EMS

Chapter – 6 (Additional Study – Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan)

• Hazard Identification

• Risk Assessment and control/prevention measures

• Disaster ManagementPlan

• Emergency Preparedness Plan

Chapter – 7 (Summary and Conclusion)

It includes justification for the proposed expansion project and summary of the EIA report.

Chapter – 8 (Disclosure of Consultant Engaged)

Details (experience and education) of the EIA Consultant engaged in EIA report preparation.

MANUFACTURING OF TECHNICAL GRADE PESTICIDES 500 TPA AT




CHAPTER 2 : PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 GENERAL

Central Insecticides & Fertilizers Pvt. Ltd.; (henceforth CIF) proposes a Greenfield

project for manufacturing of technical grade pesticides (Fungicides) namely - Thiram, Ziram

at Plot No. E-23A, SKS Industrial Area ‘Reengus’, district-Sikar, Rajasthan.The proposed

project falls under category 5 (b), Pesticides industry and pesticide specific intermediates

(excluding formulations) which shall be treated as Category “A” as per the EIA notification

dated 14th September 2006 as amended till date.

2.2 LOCATION& SITE OTHER FEATURES

The project is coming at plot NO E-23A SKS Industrial Area Reengus District Sikar, Rajasthan. The project site falls in geological Survey of India of Topo Sheet No.-45, M-11. The co-ordinates of the project site are given below:

Table 2.1: Co-ordinates of the Project Site

Corner Latitude Longitude

A 27°20'03.07 75°35'02.14"

B 27°20'03.21 75°35'03.65"

C 27°20'05.91 75°35'01.58

D 27°20'06.07 75°35'03.06"

Map Showing General Location, specific Location and Project boundary &, Toposheet

(buffer map of 10 km radius from the project site) Project Layout is enclosed at Figures 2.1;

2.2, respectively.

2.2.1 Connectivity

By Road: The site is well connected to NH-11 (Agra-Jaipur-Bikaner) at an aerial distance

~2.05 Km in ENE direction.

By Rail:Major railway station for public transportation is Jaipur Railway Station located at an

aerial distance of ~24 Km in SW Direction from the project site.

By Air: Nearest airport from project site is Jaipur Airport located at an aerial distance of ~

60.73 Km in SSE Direction.

Nearest Water Body- Mendha River -1.6 km, NW

2.2.2 Social Infrastructure Available

Scattered Habitation: Village Parasrampura 1.03 km NE; Village Sargoth 2.53 km SE; Village

Reengus 3.40 km in NNW

This chapter deals with the project details of the proposed pestiside manufacturing

plant, project location, size & magnitude of operation including associated activities

required by and for the project, proposed schedule for approval and

implementation, including technical details of raw material, quality and quantity etc.





Other Facilities:

• Mahala Residential Public School, 3.56 Km, NNW,

• Emmanuel Mission School, 3.85 Km NNW,

• Shri Gyarsi Devi Choukhani Primary Sanskrit School, 4.10 Km NW,

• Govt. School Parasrampura 1.83 km NE;

• Govt. School Sargoth

• Dhayal Hospital and Research Centre 3.75 Km, NNW,

• Govt. Hospital Reengus 4.20 Km NNW, Govt. Hospital Sargoth

MANUFACTURING OF TECHNICAL GRADE PESTICIDES 500 TPA AT PLOT

NUMBER: E-23A SKS INDUSTRIAL AREA REENGUS DISTRICT SIKAR

RAJASTHAN BY “CENTRAL INSECTICIDES & FERTILIZERS.”


Figure 2.1: Toposheet (Buffer Map of 10 Km Radius from the Project Site)



SIKAR, RAJASTHAN BY “CENTRAL INSECTICIDES & FERTILIZERS.”


Figure 2.2: Site Layout of Proposed Project

2.2.3 Alternate Sites

Proposed site is owned by the proponent and same is situated in the notified RIICO

industrial area hence alternative sites are not identified.





2.3 PROJECT PROPOSED PRODUCTS

The design capacity of the proposed plant will be 500 MTA. It is proposed to manufacture

two Pesticide products on a daily basis based on the prevailing market requirement. Details

of all the proposed products are listed in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2: List of Proposed Products and Production Capacity

S. No. Name of Product Production(MT/Annum)

1 Thiram 400

2 Ziram 100

Total 500

CIF will not be using or producing pesticides of banned category.Other utilities like Cooling

tower will be located in to the Plants.

2.4 PROCESS DETAILS

Manufacturing process steps of pesticides with their mass balance are describe]\d in this section





Since the proposed products donot use any solvent, the “Solvent Recovery” step is not applicable in the project.

2.4.1 Thiram

Sodium complex salt is reacted with CS2 under presence of water and Na2CO3. Bottom

aqueous layer is disposed of to ETP whereas top organic layer is washed with water to form

crude Thiram. End technical grade product is obtained after filtration and drying.

Equation

Table 2.3: Mass Balance –Thiram

Sl.No Raw Materials Input/ MT of

Product (MT)

1 Sodium Complex Salt NaT 1.4394

2 CS2 0.1999

3 Water 4.8314

4 Na2CO3 0.0500

Total 6.5207

Sl.No Output/MT of Product Remark

Product Liquid Effluent

Air Emission

Recovery Solid Waste

1 Thiram - - 1.0000 - Product

2 Aqueous Layer 5.4874 - - - To ETP





3 Drying Loss - 0.0333 - - Vent Scrubber

Total 5.4874 0.0333 1.0000

6.5207

2.4.2 Ziram

Sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamal 40% solution is charged into the reactor to which water and

zinc sulphateheptahydrate is added. The reaction mass is stirred for two hours and filtered,

washed to give ziram.(C) Water is charged into the reactor to which added ziram wet cake.

The reaction mass is stirred for 2-3 hrs and packed Ziram 27% cs.

Equation

Table 2.4: Mass Balance – Ziram

Sl.No Raw Materials Input/ MT of

Product (MT)

1 Sodium Dimethyl DithioCarbamal 40%Solution 0.7038

2 Water 1.5673

3 Zinc SulphateHeptahydrate 0.2801

Total 2.551

Sl.No Output/MT of Product Remark

Product Liquid Effluent

Air Emission

Recovery Solid Waste

1 Ziram - - 1.0000 - Product

2 Aqueous Layer 1.551 - - - To ETP

Total 1.551 - 1.0000

2.551





2.4.3 Equipment List

For the proposed project equipment mentioned in Table 2.5 shall be in place:

Table 2.5: Lists of equipment

S. No Machine Description Capacity – No.

1. S.S. REACTOR 2KL-1




5. FILTER PRESS 23*18-2

6. FILTER PRESS 46 x 36-1

7. NOTCH FILTER 2000 LT-1

8. CENTRIFUGE 250-300 Kg.-1

9. FLUID BED DRIER 60 Kg.-1

10. RIBBON BLENDER 600 Kg.-2

11. COOLING TOWER 25 TR-2

12. COOLING TOWER 35 TR-2

13. CHILLING COMP. 17 TR-2

14. CHILLING COMP. 17 TR

15. VACCUM EJECTOR 730 mm/hg-2

16. OPIL VACCUM PUMP 730 mm/hg-3

17. SCRUBBER SYSTEM 1500 rpm-2





S. No Machine Description Capacity – No.

S. No. Utilities Description Make Capacity

18. TUBEWELL PUMP ROCKWELL 700 LTR/MIN

19. FIRE PUMP KIRLOSKAR 18LPS/90M/30HP

RPM2830

20. BLOWER (AIR POLLUTION) AIR TECH 1000CFM

21. BLOWER (AIR POLLUTION) AIR TECH 100 CFM

22. GEN-SET CIMINS 250 KVA

23. AIR COMPRESSOR IONGERSOL RAND 12 CFM

24. FIRE SIREN EXPRESS 50 KM

25. PROCESS PUMP-1 KIRLOSKAR 6.0 KL/HR

26. PROCESS PUMP-2 KIRLOSKAR 6.0 KL/HR

27. PROCESS STORAGE TANK SAIFA ENGG. 100 KL

28. STORAGE TANK SAIFA ENGG. 100 KL

29. WATER COOLER SHRI RAM 80 LTR/Hrs/60/120

2.5 RAW MATERIALS

Raw material shall be sourced from registered supplier within India and Imported (if required)

based on the need and availability. Details of raw material along with the Quantity and

Means of storage are given in Table 2.6.

Table 2.6: Details of Raw Material with Quantity

S. No. Raw Material Consumption (TPA)

Thiram

1 Dimethyl amine (40%) 400

2 Carbon di sulphide 280

3 Caustic soda 132

4 Hydrogen peroxide 60

5 Sulphuric acid 80

Ziram

1 Dimethyl amine (40%) 90

2 CS2 60

3 Caustic Soda 32

4 Zinc Sulphate 95

2.5.1 Bulk Storages

The following liquid raw materials will be stored in bulk with all safety measures including dyke wall etc.

Table 2.7: Bulk Storages

S No. Material Storage Quantity

1 DMA 10 KL Storage tank

2 Caustic Lye 5 Kl Tanlk

3 Sulphuric Acid 5 Kl Tank





4 Carbon Disulphide 5 KL Tank

5 Sulphuric Acid 5 KL Tank

2.6 UTILITIES

2.6.1 Land

Proposed project is in RIICO industrial area. Plot area of the project consists of 3770.0 m2 of

land which includes manufacturing of technical grade pesticides plant. The land breaks up

for the proposed project is as below:

Table 2.8: Plot Area Break-Up

Particulars Area (Sq.m) Percentage (%)

Plant Area 1960.4 52

Roads/Corridors 301.6 8

Plantation 1244.1 33

Open Area 263.9 7

Total 3770.0 100

2.6.2 Water Requirement

Daily fresh water demand will be 5 KLD which will be sourced from RIICO water supply. By

implementing various recycle/reuse schemes water will be reused/recycled for cleaning floor

washing and cooling towers. Water consumption & Waste water generation breakup is given

in Table 2.9

Table 2.9: Water Requirement (one time)

Particulars Quantity (KLD)

Industrial Operation 3.5

Domestic 1.5

Recycling 1.0

Fresh Water Demand 5.0

One Time Fresh Water Demand 6 KLD





Figure 2.3: Water Balance

2.6.3 Power Requirement

The power requirements will be 300 KVA. DG set of capacity 300 KVA will be used in the

plant for power back up. The permission for 300 KVA power supply from electricity board will

be obtained

2.6.4 Fuel Requirement

HSD will be used for the proposed DG Sets (~65liter/day max) for emergency power. Details of the same are tabulated in Table 2.10.

Table 2.10: Fuel Details

S. No. Type of Fuel Used in Quantity Source

1 HSD DG sets ~65 ltr/day During Power Failure; Local Depot suppliers

2.6.5 Employment Generation (Direct and Indirect) due to the Project

During the construction phase, around 25 workers and during operational phase around 20-

25 workers (including contractors) will be required. Local skilled and semi-skilled workers will

be engaged during construction phase of the project. Local skilled and semi-skilled workers

will be engaged during construction phase. The positives impact includes enhanced direct

employment for technical/administrative works and in direct employment opportunities for

transporters of raw materials and finished goods.

2.7 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

2.7.1 Waste Water Generation





The waste water will be generated from the process, utilities and domestic area. The process

effluent will be treated in ETP (Capacity 5 KLD also for future use). The ETP design will be

based on pesticide industries requirement. The equipments or necessary steps will be installed

as per requirement. Tentative design is given below, Domestic sewage will be disposed off in

to septic tank followed by soak pit.

Details of ETP

• The effluent generated from the process will be sent to ETP for further treatment resulting in zero liquid discharge. The treated waste water will be used in gardening and rest recycled for cleaning, floor washing, and cooling towers.

• Sewage generated from the domestic use will be sent to septic tank for further treatment. Stream segregation at source will be carried out for segregation of high pollution level and low pollution level of streams.

Wastewater Treatment Methodology

TDS streams i.e. utilities blow downs, as a combined stream shall be treated in ETP consisting of Secondary Biological Treatment and Tertiary Treatment followed by RO. The RO reject will be evaporated for salt removal while RO permeate will be used in plant area.

Waste water generated from the proposed pesticides manufacturing plant is segregated into separate streams depending on their pollution levels as given in wastewater treatment methodology.

The high TDS and high COD stream from the process plant) containing inorganic salts is segregated and sent to an Oil & Grease separator and then to an Equalization Tank.The oil & grease, if any, is collected and disposed off.

The effluent from the equalization tank is then pumped into a lime treatment/ neutralistion tank. The tank contents are mixed by aeration through an under-water air grid. Lime slurry / HCl is added to get a pH of 10 – 11.The mixture is then treated with alum solution, flocculating agent and send to a primary settler.The settled sludge is dewatered on a sludge drying bed from where it is sent to an approved land fill and leachate will be transferred to equalization tank.

Neutralised effluent is pumped to a clariflocculater vessel of adequate capacity where coagulants are added. Two coagulant solution preparation tanks are provided to ensure continuous supply of coagulant. The sludge settled at the bottom is continuously scraped and discharged to sludge drying beds. This sludge is hazardous waste and dispatched to designated site for storage.

Clarified effluent is pumped out to buffer tanks of adequate capacity. These tanks are provided with aeration grid to ensure mixing and to avoid anaerobic conditions. From buffer tank, effluents pumped to aeration tanks for biodegradation.

Action Plan for Zero Liquid Discharge

The wastewater generated from the entire unit will be treated in ETP followed by RO as described above and the treated water will be completely recycled and reused in plant

premises resulting Zero Liquid Discharge. Also the overall water demand of fresh water will

be reduced by water conservation plan like condensate recovery from the steam.


NUMBER: E-23A SKS INDUSTRIAL AREA REENGUS DISTRICT SIKAR,

RAJASTHAN BY “CENTRAL INSECTICIDES & FERTILIZERS”


Figure 2.4: Block Diagram of ETP

MANUFACTURING OF TECHNICAL GRADE PESTICIDES 500 TPA AT PLOT NUMBER: E-

23A SKS INDUSTRIAL AREA REENGUS DISTRICT SIKAR RAJASTHAN BY “CENTRAL

INSECTICIDES & FERTILIZERS”

EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. Document No. EIA/CI&F/2017/1/R01 Issue No. 01 R 01

2.7.2 Emissions

Emissions in the proposed project will be mainly from process and utilities (DG set).

1. Gaseous emission from fuel use in DG set consist of common pollutants like SO2, NO2, and PM would be discharged into atmosphere through Stack of suitable

height.

2. Green belt will be developed covering >33% of the total project area, around the

plant boundary as dust preventive barrier.

3. Odor Control System: The vents of the batch tanks and liquid raw materials are

connected to scrubber to absorb any odor producing gases and chemicals.

4. The drying of the product (if required) is done in a closed type continuous filter to

avoid the exposure of any chemicals to human being.

5. Volatile organic chemicals are carefully handled in a closed system, thereby

preventing any discharge of these chemicals into the air.

6. Process emission quality will be maintained (through use of scrubbing system) as

per the following standards:

• H2S <45 mg/Nm³

• NH3 <175 mg/Nm³

• HCl <20 mg/Nm³

• SO2 <40 mg/Nm³

• Cl2 <9 mg/Nm³

7. Adequate systems shall be if required provided to capture the emissions from process plants & maintain the emission quality as per recommended guidelines with central scrubber having caustic solution, before venting it in to the atmosphere. Design is given in Figure 2.5.

Figure 2.5: Proposed Scrubbing System





Table 2.11: Utilities & Process Stacks Details

Stack Attached to

Sources

Stack Height, m Flow in Nm³/hr

Temperature 0C

Pollutant Concentration

in mg/Nm³ Height Diameter

DG Set–I (300

KVA) 12 0.2 ---- 150

During Power failure only

Process 10 0.2 300 35 PM < 20 Cl2 < 05 HCl <20

Table 2.12: Emission Load

S.

No

Stack attached to/

Pollutant


mg/Nm3

Flow (Nm3/hr)/

Temp. 0C

Pollution Load

gm/hr

1 Process PM < 20 35 6

CS2 < 05 1.5

HCl <20 6

Table 2.13: National Emission Standards for Pesticide Manufacturing and Formulation

Industry

S. No. Parameter Not to exceed (mg/Nm3)

1 HCl 20

2 Cl2 05

3 H2S 05

4 P2O5 (as H3PO4) 10

5 NH3 30

6 Particulate matter within the form of pesticide compounds 20

7 CH3Cl 20

8 HBr 05

2.7.3 Hazardous Waste and Other Solid Waste

Main solid wastes of concern include waste generated from process and sludge generated from effluent treatment plant, and container residues

The hazardous waste is generated at various stages of the manufacturing activity. The

disposal methodology generally adopted by pesticide industry is as stated below: -

• The domestic and industrial wastewater generated will be segregated based on

effluent content.

• Minor quantities of construction waste will be generated in the form of packaging

material and construction waste. Proper care will be taken for handling and

reduction of the solid waste generated during construction phase.

During Construction Phase:

Construction waste likely to be generated during the site formation works include waste wood from concrete form work; spent concrete; waste steel bars from concrete reinforcement activities; and material and equipment wrappings.;

Municipal wastes generated by site workers.





Management: Recyclable waste (metal, concrete etc.) will be sold to the vendors.

The inert waste (brick, masonry, aggregates etc.) will be used for making of driveway & pathway within the site.

All above waste are will be collected and stored at separate identified place and suitably disposed off to authorized agencies.

Table 2.14: Waste Generation Quantity

S. No. Solid Waste Quantity Management

1 ETP Sludge (Chemical Sludge)

50 Kg/Month The dried sludge will be stored at the isolated place in TSDF bags and will be sent to the CTDF, Udaipur periodically.

2 Process Waste/Residues

100 kg/Month will be sent to the TSDF, Udaipur periodically

Used oil – 10 kg per month

Hazardous solid waste shall be handled, stored and disposed of as per Hazardous and other Wastes (management and Transboundry Movement) Rules 2016 amended till date.

2.8 PROJECT COST & ENVIRONMENTAL RELATED BUDGET

The overall investment in the project is 600 lacs About Rs. 54.00 Lac capital and Recurring

6.0 lacs is proposed for the environment protection program.

Table 2.15: ENVIRONMENTAL RELATED BUDGET

S.No. Particulars Capital Cost, Rs. in

Lakhs Recurring Cost,

Rs.

1. Air Pollution Control 14 1,40,000

2. Water Pollution Control 14 1,40,000

3. Noise Pollution Control 5 1,00,000

4. Environment Monitoring and Management

8 80,000

5. Occupational Health 8 80,000

6. Green Belt 5 60,000

Total 54.00 6,00,000

2.9 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

• On the basis of the socio-economic baseline data’s, survey conducted and the

impact assessment, the projects for CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)

activities will be identified.

• Adequate amount for fulfilling the responsibility towards the region will be

allocated / apportioned and an effective plan to meet the responsibilities will be

drafted.

• An Evaluation of the Management Plan will be drafted, which shall help in the

timely investment of the CSR amount and guide in fulfilling the responsibilities.





2.10 PROJECT COMPLETION

The construction is likely to start after getting Environmental Clearance and NOC/CTE from

the EAC and SPCB. The project may take 18 months for completion.

2.11 PROJECT COST

The cost of project is Rs. 6.00 crores.

2.12 TYPE OF INDUSTRIES NEAR THE PROJECT SITE

In Sikar, RIICO had developed industrial areas at Sikar, Neemkathana, Srimadhopur,

Khandela, Reengus, SKS Reengus, Fatehpur and Ramgarh Shekhawati and Ajitgarh. RIICO

had also developed a growth centre at Palsana. Other than RIICO area village Ajmeri,

Haripura and Jugalpura, Toda, Dabla, Patan Industrialized in mineral based industries.

• Airen Metals (P) Ltd.

• Sidhi Vinayak Containers Pvt. Ltd.,

• Shalimar Pellet Feeds Ltd.,

• Shera Metal Pvt. Ltd.,

• Asoka Cables Pvt. Ltd.,

• Sugna Foods Ltd.,

• Aksh Technologies Ltd.,

• Raj. Spinning & Weaving Mills.

• H.S.B. Agro Ind.Pvt. Ltd.

• Binani Cement Limited Village Sirohi, (Neemkathana) Sikar (Rajasthan)

• Agrobiotech Industries Ltd.,

• Arsh Dairy Max Ltd.




EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. Document No. EIA/CI&F/2017/1/R01 Issue No. 01 R 01 26

CHAPTER 3 : DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

3.1 BACKGROUND AND SALIENT ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES OF THE STUDY AREA

Generation of environmental baseline of a project area is an important phase of any Environmental Assessment process. Baseline data provide vital information on the existing environmental quality in which a development is planned. In this study, the environmental characteristics of the project area were established through extensive literature search, field sampling/measurements, laboratory analysis, consultation and data interpretation.

Secondary data from literature search were also obtained from the Govt. sources i.e. Meteorological Department, CPCB/SPCB publications, and other related Govt. Sources. The baseline environmental data generation has been done for the period of 15th March 2016 to 15th June 2016.M/s Kamal Enviro & Food Lab Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon-Haryana with EQMS team carried out sampling and testing. The study area within a 10 km radius around the proposed plant site has been considered as impact zone for EIA study. Primary and secondary data has been collected for 10 Km radius of the project site.

3.1.1 Environmental Setting and Salient Environmental Features of the Project Area

The proposed site is located at Plot Number: E-23 A SKS Industrial Area Reengus, District Sikar (Rajasthan). The proposed project is coming in the notified RIICO Industrial area. Mendha River is located about 1.6 km away from the plant site in northwest direction. National Highway no 11 (Agra—Jaipur-Bikaner) is passing about 2.05 km from plant site in north east direction. The project site falls in geological survey of India of Topo sheet no-45 M -11. The co-ordinates of the project site are given in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1: Co-ordinates of the project site

Corner Latitude Longitude

A 27°20'03.07 75°35'02.14"

B 27°20'03.21 75°35'03.65"

C 27°20'05.91 75°35'01.58

D 27°20'06.07 75°35'03.06"

Environmental setting of the 10 Km radius of the plant site is presented at Figure 3.1. Site environmental features are also visible through site photographs shown at Figure 3.2. There are no environmentally sensitive components such as National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Elephant / Tiger Reserve, migratory routes of fauna and wet land present within 15 Km

This Chapter describes the baseline environmental conditions around the project site

for various environmental attributes, viz., and physical, biological and socio-economic,

within the 10 km radial zone, which is termed as the study area. Topography, soil,

water, meteorology, air, noise, and land constitute the physical environment, whereas

flora and fauna constitute the biological environment. Demographic details and

occupational pattern in the study area constitute socio-economic environment. Baseline

environmental conditions are based on the field studies carried out during the study

period 15th March 2016 to 15th June 2016 at and around the proposed site and through

secondary data collected from published sources.





radius of plant site. No reserved and protected forest area present within 10 km area of the site. The Salient Environmental Features of plant site is summarised at Table 3.2.

Table 3.2: Salient Environmental Features of Proposed Site

S.No. Areas Name/ Identity

Aerial distance (within 15 km.) Proposed project location boundary

1 Areas protected under international conventions, national or local legislation for their ecological, landscape, cultural or other related value

No There are no areas protected under international conventions, national or local legislation for their ecological, landscape, cultural or other related value

2 Areas which are important or sensitive for ecological reasons – Wetlands, watercourses or other water bodies, coasted zone, biospheres, mountains, forests

Yes Mendha River -1.6 km, NW

3 Areas used by protected, important or sensitive species of flora or fauna for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, migration

No There are not Areas protected under international conventions, national or local legislation for their ecological, landscape, cultural or other related value

4 Inland, coastal, marine or underground waters

No Not applicable

5 State, National boundaries No There is no State, National boundaries in the 20 km Radius area.

6 Routes or facilities used by the public for access to recreation or other tourist, pilgrim areas

Yes NH-11 2.05 Km, ENE MDR-43, 3.46 Km, NNE

7 Defense installations No There are no Defense installations.

8 Densely populated or built-up area

Yes Scattered Habitation Village Parasrampura 1.03 km NE; Sargoth 2.53 km SE; Reengus – 3.40 Kms. NNW

9 Areas occupied by sensitive man-made land uses (hospitals, schools, places of worship, community facilities)

Yes Education Facility: Mahala Residential Public School, 3.56 Km, NNW, Emmanuel Mission School, 3.85 Km NNW, Shri Gyarsi Devi Choukhani Primary Sanskrit School, 4.10 Km NW, Govt. School Parasrampura 1.83 km NE; Govt. School Sargoth Medical Facility: Dhayal Hospital and Research Centre 3.75 Km, NNW, Govt. Hospital Reengus 4.20 Km NNW, Gov. Hospital Sargoth

10 Areas containing important, high quality or scarce resources (ground water resources, surface resources, forestry, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, minerals)

No Not applicable

11 Areas already subjected to pollution or environmental

No NA





S.No. Areas Name/ Identity

Aerial distance (within 15 km.) Proposed project location boundary

damage (Those where existing environmental standards are exceeded)

12 Areas susceptible to natural hazard which could cause the project to present environmental problems (earthquakes, subsidence, landslides, erosion, flooding or extreme or adverse climatic conditions)

No Project area falls in the seismic zone-III (Moderate Risk Zone)

(Source: Secondary source)





Figure 3.1: Environmental Setting of the 10 Km Radius of the Plant Site





(Source: Site Visit)

Figure 3.2: Site Photographs

3.1.2 Site Connectivity

Road and Railways: The site is well connected to NH-11 (Agra—Jaipur-Bikaner) at an aerial distance ~2.05 Km in ENE direction.

The district head quarter is directly connected to Delhi and Jaipur. Total length of Rail line is 239 K.M. nearest railways station is Reengus located about 3.4 km from plant site. Major railway station for public transportation is Jaipur Railway Station located at an aerial distance of ~24 Km in SW Direction from the project site.

Air ways: Nearest airport from project site is Jaipur Airport located at an aerial distance of ~ 60.73 Km in SSE Direction.

3.1.2.1 Habitation near project site

Site is located in Shree Khatu Shyam Industrial area near Reengus, Sikar Rajasthan. Nearest villages from the proposed site area Parasrampura about 1.03 km in NE, Sargoth village about 2.53 km in SE; Reengus village about 3.40 Kms in NNW. Nearest schools are Govt. School Parasrampura located about 1.83 km in NE, Mahala Residential Public School about 3.56 Km in NNW, Emmanuel Mission School about 3.85 Km in NNW, Shri Gyarsi Devi Choukhani Primary Sanskrit School about 4.10 Km in NW, Govt.





3.1.2.2 Archaeological Protected Areas

No archaeological site of national and international importance is present within 300 m of the plant site as well as 10 km area of the project site.

3.1.3 Existing Sources of Pollution within 10 km Area

Site is located in Shree Khatu Shyam Industrial area near Reengus, Sikar Rajasthan. SKS industrial area is developed by RIICO. Reengus industrial area is developed in 127.37 ha. Total no. of plots allotted is 128. There is about 82 industrial units are operating in SKS Reengus. There is another industrial area i.e. SKS Reengus extension which is under development. Total area of SKS Reengus extension is about 70.32 ha. The industries operation in the industrial area is mainly food processing, chemical industries and other small-scale industries.


NUMBER: E-23A SKS INDUSTRIAL AREA REENGUS DISTRICT SIKAR, RAJASTHAN

BY “CENTRAL INSECTICIDES & FERTILIZERS”


Figure 3.3: Google View of Area Showing Project Site





3.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

District Sikar is situated in Arid Rajasthan Plain. The northwestern portion of the district forms part of the Great Indian Desert. The sand dunes in this area generally blow from southwest to northeast direction. The hills in the district form part of the Aravali range. Ranges of Aravali runs from south to north and divide the district almost into two parts. The hills have steep slopes and are generally wooded. The hills peaks, which have attained considerable height in the hill system of the district at Ragunathgarh, Harsh, Deogarh and Shyamgarh region etc., The hills in the district provide stones for building purposes which are of dull white color. There is no perennial river in the district, but there are five streams of some significance in the western region namely, Mendha, Kantli, Dokan, Krishnawati and Sabi. There is only one lake in the district at Peethampuri in Neemkathana Tehsil, but this is insignificant from the irrigation point of view. It is a small depression where rains water accumulates and lasts for few months. Similarly, there is no big tank in the district.

3.2.1 Drainage Pattern

There is no perennial river present within 10 km study area. Drainage pattern in study area is not well developed and stream or nala present in the study area are only activates in the rainy season and disappear in sandy fields after covering some distance. Mendha River is main surface water body present within the study area. However, Mendha River is a seasonal river. Other streams are also present in the 10 km area which is almost dry except during monsoon. Drainage map of study area is shown in Figure 3.4.

3.2.2 Topography

The Sikar district is located in the north-east part of the state at an average height of 422 meter above mean sea level. Jhunjhunu District bound it on the north on the northwest by Churu District, on the southwest by Nagaur District and on the southeast by Jaipur District. It also touches Mahendragarh District of Haryana on its northeast corner. The district is divisible into two main topographic areas. The western region is characterized by sand-dunes and eastern half of hill ranges. The extra north area is around Ramgarh is a semi-desert and the southern part of the district has loamy fertile land.

Topography within proposed plant site: The project site is almost flat and the elevation of the project area ranges between 470 to 475 meters above MSL. However, the project site is sloping slightly towards west and northwest direction.

Topography of site and surrounding 10 Km area: The topography of the project site and the study area of 10 km radial zone are almost plain. The average elevation of the project site is ranges between 440-475 meters above mean sea level. Contour Map and Digital elevation map (DEM1) of the 10 km area around project site is shown in Figure 3.5. Digital elevation map of the study area is shown in Figure 3.6

1The contours in Toposheet have been digitized in the GIS environment and assigned the respective elevation values in meters

with reference to the mean sea level. Using the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) data, the elevation values has been verified





Figure 3.4: Drainage Map of Study Area









Figure 3.5: Contours in 10 km Area Around Project Site

Figure 3.6: Digital Elevation Map of 10 Km Area (Project Site)



SIKAR RAJASTHAN BY “CENTRAL INSECTICIDES & FERTILIZERS”


3.3 LAND USE PATTERN

Land use analysis was carried out using remote Sensing Data. Interpretation approach based on systematic digital imaging was used for delineating the land use classes. The demarcation of boundaries falling under different land use/land cover units is done using different colours assigned to different land use/land cover units of satellite imagery2.

Land use of project site is industrial. Most of the land within the 10 km area of the project site is agricultural land. As per the land use based on satellite image, about 71% of the land is under Agricultural Land. 9.0% of land is under vegetation, 3.0% of the land is under settlement and rest of the land is under other uses (Refer Figure 3.7 and 3.8 and Table 3.3).

Table 3.3: Land Use of the Study Area

S. No. Land Use Category Area ( Sq km) Area in %

1. Agricultural Land 222.71 71

2. Water body 0.01 0.00

3. Open Shrub Land 53.32 17

4.. Settlement 11 3.0

5. Vegetation 27.47 9.0

Total 314.51 100

(Source: Satellite image analysis by EQMS)

(Source: Satellite image analysis by EQMS)

Figure 3.7: Graph Showing Land Use of the Study Area (10 km Radius)

2The satellite Imagery of Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS- ID, sensor P6, LISS III) of 24 m resolution was used. The Swath of the imagery is 141 Km x 141 Km. Band used are 4, 3, 2 and 5. LANDSAT imagery of 30 meter resolution and 185 x 185 km swath is also used for the comparative and overall analysis of the area. LISS III imagery and LANDSAT 4-5 TM imagery were used for the complete coverage of the study area





Figure 3.8: Land Use Map of 10 Km Area (Project Site)





3.4 GEOLOGY3

Geomophologically the district is classified into seven geomorphic unit’s namely longitudinal dune, transverse dune, obstacle dunes, sand sheet, piedmont, ridge and valley and pediment. The shadow zones behind ridge and valley acting as sand barriers are the only areas used for cultivation of seasonal crops. The study area lies in zone of traverse dune (Figure 3.9).

Geologically the Sikar district is comprising of Post Delhi and Delhi subgroup formations. The geological succession of Sikar district is as follows:

Formation Rock Type

Recent sub recent

Post Delhi

Alibagh Group

Delhi Sub group

Alwar group

Sand, alluvium etc.

Granites and Pegmatite (Intrusive)

Schist and Dolomite

Marble and Phyllites

Quartzite, Schist and Conglomerates

Figure 3.9: Geomorphology of Sikar District (Source: GSI Resource Map)

3 Source: Sikar Report: Central Ground Water Board.





3.4.1 Seismicity and Associated Hazards

IMD has divided India into different seismic zone and Sikar district, Rajasthan is fallen under third zone, although little part of Rajasthan also falls under fourth and fifth zone. The seismic zoning map of India shows four distinct seismic zones and is attached as Figure 3.10.

• Zone - II: This is said to be the least active seismic zone.

• Zone - III: It is included in the moderate seismic zone.

• Zone - IV: This is considered to be the high seismic zone.

• Zone - V: It is the highest seismic zone.

According to IMD micro zonation map of the India the study area falls under Zone-III. It means that the area is covered under “Moderate Seismicity-Hazard Zone.

Figure 3.10: Seismic Zones of India

3.5 SOIL

Soils may be defined as a thin layer of earth's crust that serves as a natural medium for the growth of plants wherein root zone develops. It is the unconsolidated mineral matter that has been subjected to and influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Soils serve as a reservoir of nutrients for plants and crops and also provide mechanical anchorage and favourable tilts. Soil is the seat of many macro and micro flora like algae, fungi, earthworms, bacteria etc. These are very beneficial in promoting soil reactions and decomposing the organic matter by which essential nutrients for plants are liberated.

Project Site





3.5.1 Regional Soil Types

Soil of the region falls within rainfall zone of 300 – 500 mm. The soil is sandy loam, sallow depth red soils in depressions. Table 3.4 shows nutrient level in the Sikar soil including area coverage of saline and sodic soil. The nutrient status of the Sikar soil is graded as low to medium level.

Table 3.4: Fertility Status – Major Nutrients and Problematic Soils of Sikar District

Status

Nutrient Saline

Soil (Ha)

Sodic or Alkaline (Ha) N P K

L M M 59936 30036

(Source: Vital Agricultural Statistics 2004-05, Directorate of Agriculture, Rajasthan)

3.5.2 Soil Classification of District

The soils of the district have been broadly classified by Agriculture Department, Govt. of Rajasthan are Desertic soil, Red desertic soil, Serozems, Saline soil, Lithosols, Regosols and Old alluvium.

Agriculture is major sector contributing in the state economy and remains the main-stay of the population of the District as well as State. Land form, slope, soils and natural resources are some of the important factors which control the land use pattern of the district. There is no perennial river in the district. The most important rivers in the district are Mendha, Kantli, Dohan, Krishnawati and Sabi. Net area under irrigation is 37.98% of the total geographical area of the district. There is no major irrigation project in the district and Dug wells & tube wells are the main source of irrigation. Almost 95% of the total annual rainfall is received during the southwest monsoon, which enters the district in the last week of June and withdraws in the middle of September.

3.5.3 Cropping Pattern

Due to unavailability of irrigation facilities as well as scanty rainfall in the study area the agriculture practices are not so well developed. Irrigation is also restricted to areas with good ground-water potential. Agriculture is mainly practice during monsoon season. The main crops grown in the study area during rainy season are Bajra, sesamum and kharif pulses. Wheat, barley, mustard and gram are grown as irrigated crops.

The major Kharif crops are bajra, jowar, pulses, maize and groundnut. Main Rabi crops are wheat, barley, gram and oilseeds. Cotton is an important cash crop that is grown in the district. Cropping Pattern of Sikar District for Kharif and Rabi season is presented in Table 3.5 & 3.6 which are given as follows;

Table 3.5: Area under Different Crops, 2011

S. No. Major Cultivated Crops Total Area(,000-ha) Irrigated Rain fed

1 Bajra 298 98 200

2 Cluster Bean 81 - 81

3 Cowpea 59 - 59

4 Moong 15 - 15

5 Moth 9 - 9

6 Wheat 85 85 -

7 Barley 26 26 -

8 Mustard 80 80 -

9 Gram 38 38 -





S. No. Major Cultivated Crops Total Area(,000-ha) Irrigated Rain fed

Horticulture Crops-Fruits

10 Aonla & Ber 1.8

Horticulture Crops-Vegetables

11 All Vegetable 6.5

12 Onion 5.0

Medicinal & Aromatic Crops

13 Aloe Vera 0.02

14 Genda 0.05

Fodder Crops

15 Total Fodder Crop Area 10.5

(Source-http://www.nicra-icar.in/nicrarevised/images/statewiseplans/Rajastan%20(Pdf) /RAU ,%20 Bikaner/ RAJ7-Sikar-30-06-2011.pdf)

Table 3.6: Production and Productivity of Major Crops, 2011

S. No.

Major Cultivated

Crops

Kharif Rabi

Summer

Total

Prodn. (,000-t)

Prodty. ( Kg/ha)

Prodn. (,000-t)

Prodty. ( Kg/ha)

Prodn. (,000-t)

Prodty. ( Kg/ha)

1 Pearl Millet 329 935 - - - 329 935

2 Cluster Bean 44 440 - - - 44 440

3 Cowpea 25 429 - - - 25 429

4 Mung Bean 4 294 - - - 4 294

5 Moth Bean 2.5 278 - - - 2.5 278

6 Wheat - - 256 3009 - 256 3009

7 Barley - - 72 2793 - 72 2793

8 Mustard - - 87 1059 - 87 1059

9 Gram - - 39 1032 - 39 1032

Major Horticulture Crops

10 Aonla & Ber - - 3.6 2003 - 3.6 2003

11 Vegetables - - 81.6 12500 - 81.6 12500

(Source-http://www.nicra-icar.in/nicrarevised/images/statewiseplans/Rajastan%20(Pdf)/ RAU,%20 Bikaner/RAJ7-Sikar-30-06-2011.pdf)

3.6 METEOROLOGICAL DATA (30 Years Avg)

The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. Historical meteorological data were obtained from climatological tables pertaining to Sikar (as the nearest representative IMD station) for the period 1974-1990 and is summarised in Table 3.7.

Table 3.7: Meteorological Data of Sikar (Period 1974-1990)

Month Temperature (deg C) daily

Relative Humidity,

%

Rainfall Wind speed

Pre-dominant wind direction

Cloud cover

Barometric Pressure,

Max Min Max Min In mm Kmph From Octas Hpa

January 22.7 4.3 61 37 5.2 4.0 W 0.9 968.0

February 25.5 7.1 53 34 13.3 4.4 W 0.8 965.9

March 31.3 12.6 47 30 4.8 4.5 W, NW 0.7 963.3

April 36.8 18.5 41 26 4.6 4.8 W, NW 0.6 959.8

May 39.7 22.9 47 31 27.8 5.5 W, NW 0.8 956.5

http://www.nicra-icar.in/nicrarevised/images/statewiseplans/Rajastan%20(Pdf)%20/RAU%20,

http://www.nicra-icar.in/nicrarevised/images/statewiseplans/Rajastan%20(Pdf)%20/RAU%20,





Month Temperature (deg C) daily

Relative Humidity,

%

Rainfall Wind speed

Pre-dominant wind direction

Cloud cover

Barometric Pressure,

Max Min Max Min In mm Kmph From Octas Hpa

June 39.6 25.7 56 37 41.0 6.7 W 1.2 953.4

July 35.3 24.9 73 59 215.0 6.6 W 2.5 951.7

August 33.6 24.1 77 63 145.1 4.3 W, S 2.4 953.0

September 34.2 22.2 68 51 55.6 4.4 W 1.3 957.2

October 34.2 16.7 54 34 3.1 4.6 W 0.3 962.3

November 29.3 10.0 53 35 4.1 3.2 W 0.4 966.4

December 23.8 5.1 58 38 6.2 3.1 W 0.7 968.1

(Source-IMD Sikar)

3.6.1 Wind Speed and Direction

The wind speed was mostly between 3.1 – 6.7 km/hour for all the months. The wind speed during summer season was mostly between 4.5 – 5.5 km/hr while during rainy season, it was between 4.3 – 6.7 km/hr and in winter months wind speed ranges between 4.1 – 6.2 km/hr. The predominant wind direction is from west direction and Northwest. During study period (pre-monsoon) season the wind flows from west direction and Northwest

3.6.2 Relative Humidity

The air is generally dry in the region except during monsoon. February-March are driest with relative humidity between 53-47%. The maximum humidity during rainy season is 77% and minimum was 37%. High humidity is found during daytime and low humidity values during night time in all the months.

3.6.3 Temperature

December and January constitute winter months with daily mean minimum temperature around 22.7oC to 23.8oC and May is the hottest month with daily mean maximum temperature around 39.6oC.

3.6.4 Rainfall

The annual total rainfall is ~ 525 mm. Over 80% of the total annual rainfall is received during the monsoon period between June & September.

3.6.5 Calm Periods

The calm period constitutes an important factor in the dispersion of air pollution. The calm period is more during night time compared to daytime. The maximum calm period occurs during September to February. Monthly calm is shown Table 3.8.

Table 3.8: Monthly Percentages of Calm Periods

Calm Period, % Day 85 81 78 83 65 57 67 76 78 85 88 87

Night 69 73 67 62 51 61 69 73 69 76 79 71

(Source-IMD Sikar)

3.6.6 Site Specific Met Data:

An automatic met station was established at site to collect the site-specific data. The predominant wind direction was from West, and Northwest direction. Clam conditions remains 10% of the time. The summery of the met data is summarised in Table 3.9. Wind rose diagram of Sikar is shown in Figure 3.11.





Table 3.9: Meteorological Data of Project Site

Month/Time Temperature (deg C)

Relative Humidity, %

Wind Speed Range,

m/s

Predominant Wind Direction

Max Min Max Min (Blowing from)

March-April 2016 37 17 65 7 0.5 to 7.2 W, NW April -May 2016 41 23 44 4

May-June 2016 42 25 74 5

(Source-World Weather on line.com)

(Source-IMD)

Figure 3.11: Wind Rose Diagram (March 2016 to June 2016)

3.6.7 Inversion Occurrence:

Mixing Height values of the site has been obtained from isopleths given in CPCB Publication “Spatial Distribution of Hourly Mixing Depth over Indian Region“-PROBES/88/2003-03. The seasonal mixing height data (in m) is given below.

Time (IST) Winter Summer Season Post-Monsoon

5.00 -- 100 --

6.00 -- 100 --

7.00 50 100 50

8.00 100 200 200





Time (IST) Winter Summer Season Post-Monsoon

9.00 200 400 400

10.00 500 700 500

11.00 800 1000 600

12.00 1000 1000 800

13.00 1200 1000 1000

14.00 1200 1000 1000

15.00 1200 1000 1000

16.00 1000 1000 800

17.00 800 1000 600

18.00 700 1000 600

19.00 -- 1000 600

The frequency of occurrence of elevated inversions at 5.30 AM and 5.30 PM over Central Indiashows lower values of 15% and less. The percentage frequencies of ground-based inversions with top heights at 00 GMT and 12 GMT as well as the percentage frequencies of elevated inversions at 00 GMT and 12 GMT are shown below (Central India).

Percentage Frequencies of Elevated Inversions (00 GMT)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

03 06 08 05 10 09 03 06 11 04 03 01

Percentage Frequencies of Elevated Inversions (12 GMT)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

00 04 01 04 02 04 02 01 05 02 03 01

High ground-based inversions at 5.30 AM of the order of 90% and above is observed over Central India (including eastern part) during November and December. At 5.30 PM the ground-based inversions are below 5% all over central India. The distribution of the top heights of the inversion layers over central India for 5.30 AM shows deep formation with heights varying between 400 and 1500 m. At 5.30 PM the distribution is insignificant.

Mixing height (Pre Monsoon Season )

100 100 100

200

400

1000

700

1000100010001000 10001000 10001000

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

5:00

AM

6:00

AM

7:00

AM

8:00

AM

9:00

AM

10:00

AM

11:00

AM

12:00

PM

1:00

PM

2:00

PM

3:00

PM

4:00

PM

5:00

PM

6:00

PM

7:00

PM

Time, IST

Mix

ing

Heig

ht

in m





3.6.8 Barometric Pressures

The station level barometric pressure at IMD Sikar site ranges between 953.0 to 968.0 h Pa. The station level pressure is high in winter months and low in during rainy season.

3.6.9 Primary Data Collection: Monitoring Plan and Quality Assurance Procedures

The study period and methodology for primary data collection is followed as per the CPCB guidelines in line with TOR prescribed by MoEF&CC. Summary of monitoring plan with sampling testing methodology followed is summarised in Table 3.10. Environment monitoring location map given in Figure 3.12.

Table 3.10: Summary of Methodology for Primary/Secondary Baseline Data Collection

Parameters No. of

Sampling Locations

Frequency/ Study Period

Remark

Ambient Air Quality

PM (10), PM(2.5), SO2,

Nox, VOC, CO, CL2, and HCL

8 locations (Refer Fig. No.3.4 )

Twice a

Week

(15th March 2016 to 15th June 2016)

AAQ monitoring was carried out at 8 locations (representing upwind, downwind and crosswind directions of the site). 24 hours sampling at each location was carried out as per CPCB guide lines (CPCB Gazette notification dated 18.11.2009 on AAQ).

Meteorology

Temperature, Humidity, Wind speed, Direction, Rainfall etc.

One location

Hourly

(15th March 2016 to 15th June 2016)

Met station was established at site to analyse the hourly meteorology data.

Surface & Ground Water Quality

Physical, chemical and biological parameters as per IS 10,500

7 Locations

(Refer Fig. No.3.4 )

Once

During study period

Ground water: ground water sampling was conducted at 7 locations. Samples were preserved, transported and analysed for different parameters based on APHA methods. Temp, conductivity and pH which were measured instantaneously at site itself.

Soil

Texture, bulk density, pH, conductivity, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, Total N,P,K, and Heavy metals etc.

5 locations Once in season

Soil samples were collected at five locations and analysed as per IARI method

Noise

Noise profiling for 24 hrs (day and night time)

8 locations

(Refer Fig. No.3.4 )

Once in season

Noise monitoring was conducted within the 10 km area of project site for noise profiling for 24 hrs using integrated sound level meter, as per CPCB guidelines.





Parameters No. of

Sampling Locations

Frequency/ Study Period

Remark

Ecology

Flora & Fauna

Once Primary survey/ Secondary sources

Terrestrial Ecology

Demography & Socioeconomic

- Once Primary survey/ Secondary sources

(Source: Primary/Secondary Baseline Data Collection)

Standard methods and procedures have been strictly adhered to in the course of this study. QA/QC procedures were strictly followed which covers all aspects of the study, and includes sample collection, handling, laboratory analyses, data coding, statistical analyses, presentation and communication of results. All analysis was carried out in NABL accredited/recognized laboratory.





Figure 3.12: Sampling Monitoring Locations





3.7 AIR ENVIRONMENT

Air environment is an important component of EIA report. The project activities like construction, Vehicle movement, boiler and process emissions, operation of DG sets, fugitive emissions from various material handing activities and plant operation will contaminate the ambient air quality. The base line data of the study area collated during field studies is summarised under following sections.

3.7.1 Selection of Monitoring Stations

Eight (8) numbers of monitoring stations were set up to assess the prevailing ambient air quality within the study area. The CPCB guide lines were adhered for monitoring network design. However, certain adjustments were incorporated because of local infrastructure. Logistic considerations as ready accessibility, security, availability of reliable power supply etc. were examined while finalizing the monitoring locations. The locations of the AAQ monitoring stations were based on the frequent wind directions besides at the location of sensitive receptor as human habitation for exposure assessment.

Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at eight locations within the study area during 15st March, 2016 to 15th June 2016 with the frequency of weekly two samples of 24 hours average (8 hrs. avg. for CO) each at each location. All the ambient air analysis with respect to each parameter were analysed as per CPCB guidelines. The AAQ monitoring locations with their terrain feature are provided in Table 3.11. Map showing locations of Air Sampling is given in Figure 3.12.

Table 3.11: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Code Name of Location Distance & Direction w.r.t to

plant site

Category Lat - Long

AQ-1 Near Project Site 0.12 km, E Industrial N- 27° 20.057, E- 75° 35.107

AQ-2 RIICO Area Near DS Milk Plant

0.54, SE Industrial N- 27° 19.904, E- 75° 35.317

AQ-3 Parasrampura 0.94, E Rural N- 27° 19.975, E- 75° 35.584

AQ-4 Garhi 2.47, SE Rural N- 27° 19.128, E- 75° 36.115

AQ-5 Sargot 2.59, SE Rural N- 27° 19.470, E- 75° 36.537

AQ-6 Harsolai 1.14, SW Rural N- 27° 19.743, E- 75° 34.413

AQ-7 Sector-16 Ringas 2.55, NW Mix Commercial

N- 27° 20.796, E- 75° 33.760

AQ-8 Khatodiya Ki Dhani 3.32, SE Rural N- 27° 19.696, E- 75° 37.007

(Source: Please prefer Figure 3.12)

3.7.2 Analysis of Ambient Air Quality:

Ambient Air Quality test results are shown in Table 3.12 & 3.13.





Table 3.12: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (for 24-hour average)

Location AAQ Location

PM10 (µg/m3) PM 2.5 (µg/m3) SO2 (µg/m3) NOx (µg/m3)

Code Max Min Mean Max Min Mean Max Min Mean Max Min Mean

AQ-1 Near Project Site 76 48 64 30 20 27 8.5 5.6 7.2 15.4 10.5 13.2


80 50 66 33 21 29 9.0 6.5 7.8 17.8 12.2 15.0

AQ-3 Parasrampura 66 40 51 29 17 22 8.2 6.2 7.3 16.3 11.8 14.4

AQ-4 Garhi 61 42 52 26 18 22 7.3 5.0 6.1 14.2 9.6 12.3

AQ-5 Sargot 63 44 55 26 19 23 7.6 5.3 6.6 15.0 10.2 12.6

AQ-6 Harsolai 56 38 48 23 15 19 7.5 5.0 6.3 16.1 11.5 14.0

AQ-7 Sector-16 Ringas 60 43 50 25 18 21 9.0 6.6 7.9 14.8 10.5 12.8

AQ-8 Khatodiya Ki Dhani 58 39 49 24 17 19 8.8 5.8 7.4 16.5 12.0 14.2

Source: Kamal Enviro & Food Lab Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon-Haryana

Table 3.13: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (for 24-hours average)

Location

Code AAQ Location

CO (mg/m3) VOC (mg/m3) HCL (µg/m3)

Max Min Mean Max Min Mean Avg.

AQ-1 Near Project Site 0.31 0.15 0.22 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0

AQ-2 RIICO Area Near DS Milk Plant 0.44 0.24 0.35 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 AQ-3 Parasrampura <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 AQ-4 Garhi 0.25 0.15 0.20 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 AQ-5 Sargot 0.26 0.13 0.20 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 AQ-6 Harsolai <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 AQ-7 Sector-16 Ringas 0.30 0.18 0.26 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 AQ-8 Khatodiya Ki Dhani <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0





3.7.3 Observation on Ambient Air Quality

PM10 (µg/m3): PM10 of the study area were found well in the National Ambient Air Quality standard.PM10 levels were found ranging from 39 to 80 µg/m3. The highest PM10 levels were found at RIICO industrial area (80 µg/m3) and Project site (76 µg/m3) while the lowest levels was found at Village Khatodia ki Dhani (39 µg/m3). The PM10 in the study area is contributed mainly by industrial emissions, vehicular emissions, and re-suspended dust from paved roads and open areas as well as from industrial activities.

PM2.5 (µg/m3): PM2.5 of the study area was found well in the National Ambient Air Quality standard. PM2.5level was found ranging from 15 to 33 µg/m3. The highest PM2.5 level was observed at RIICO industrial area (33 µg/m3) and Project site. While in other locations the PM2.5level was quite below the NAAQS.

SO2 (µg/m3): SO2level of the study area was found well in the National Ambient Air Quality standard. SO2 level were found ranging from 5.0 to 9.0 µg/m3. The SO2 level of the Study area is well within the NAAQS Standard of 80 µg/m3. The main source of SO2 emission is vehicular sources

NOx (µg/m3): NOx level of the study area was found well in the National Ambient Air Quality standard. NOx level was found ranging from 9.6 to 17.8 µg/m3. The highest level of NOx was found at RIICO industrial area the main source of NOx emission is industrial & vehicular sources.

NH3 (µg/m3): NH3level of the study area was found well in the National Ambient Air Quality standard.

Other Parameters:

CO level in the study area ranges between 0.1 to 0.44-mg/m3, which is well within the NAAQS. VOC, HCL and CL2 were not detected in the study area.

3.8 AMBIENT NOISE QUALITY

The noise level in study area was measured at eight locations. As mentioned earlier a sound level meter has been used to measure noise levels as instant values which are integrated over a given period to give Leq values as a weighted average. At each location, readings were taken at uniform interval of. 5 seconds over a period of 10 minutes per hour for twenty-four hours’ period, with further divisions of day and night noise as per CPCB guidelines (between 6.00 A.M to 10.00 P.M and between 10.01 P.M to 5.59 A.M representing day and night period noise levels).

3.8.1 Noise Levels in the Study Area

Ambient noise measurement was taken at 8 locations within 10 km area of the project site. Noise monitoring location and noise results for day time and night time is presented in Table 3.14 & 3.15 respectively.

Table 3.14: Ambient Noise Monitoring Locations

Location Code

Name of Location Distance & Direction w.r.t., Site

Features Coordinates

N-1 Project Site 0.12 km, E Industrial

N- 27° 20.057, E- 75° 35.107

N-2 RIICO Area Near DS Milk Plant

0.54, SE Industrial N- 27° 19.904, E- 75° 35.317

N-3 Parasrampura 0.94, E Residential

N- 27° 19.975, E- 75° 35.584





Location Code

Name of Location Distance & Direction w.r.t., Site

Features Coordinates

N-4 Sargot 2.47, SE Residential N- 27° 19.128,

E- 75° 36.115

N-5 Garhi 2.59, SE Residential N- 27° 19.470,

E- 75° 36.537

N-6 Harsolai 1.14, SW Residential N- 27° 19.743,

E- 75° 34.413

N-7 Sector-16 Ringas 2.55, NW

Mix Commercial

N- 27° 20.796, E- 75° 33.760

N-8 Khatodiya Ki Dhani 3.32, SE Residential

N- 27° 19.696, E- 75° 37.007


Table 3.15: Ambient Noise Quality in Study Area

S. No.

Locations Category dB(A) Leq Day time

Standard dB(A) Leq

dB(A) Leq Night time

Standard dB(A) Leq

1. Project Site Industrial 59.6 75 53.3 65

2. RIICO Area Near DS Milk Plant

Industrial 63.9 75 54.8 65

3. Parasrampura Residential 52.6 55 43.4 45

4. Sargot Residential 50.5 55 41.6 45

5. Garhi Residential 49.3 55 41.2 45

6. Harsolai Residential 48.7 55 40.8 45

7. Sector-16 Ringas

Mix Commercial 58.5 65 46.2 55

8. Khatodiya Ki Dhani

Residential 49.6 55 41.0 45


Observation of Ambient Noise Quality

Ambient noise level of the study area is within the prescribed National Ambient Noise Quality Standard for respective residential, commercial and industrial zone at all the monitoring locations.

3.9 WATER ENVIRONMENT

3.9.1 Ground Water

Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soilpore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. Groundwater is the water found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand and rock. It is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers.

3.9.2 Usage Purpose of Ground Water

The study area (10 km) falls in Dhod and Piprali block of Sikar district. Annual ground water recharge of Piprali and Dhod block is 34.87 MCM and 44.40 MCM respectively, net annual ground water availability is 31.38 MCM and 39.96 MCM respectively. The stage of ground water development in Piprali and Dhod block is 196.82% and 157.86% respectively. Both

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porosity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratum





block area categorized in over exploited zone. Details of ground water resources in Piprali and Dhod block and Sikar districts given in Table 3.16.

Table 3.16: The Details of Ground Water Resources of Sikar District (MCM/YEAR)

Block Area of Block

(Sq.Km.)

Annual Ground Water

Recharge (MCM)

Net Annual Ground Water

Availability (MCM)

Existing Gross

Ground Water

Draft for Irrigation

(MCM)

Existing Gross

Ground Water Draft for Dom.& Industrial Use(MCM)

Existing Gross

Ground Water

Draft for All Uses (MCM)

Stage of Ground Water

Development (%)

Dhod 911.15 44.4076 39.9668 53.5787 9.5137 63.0924 157.86

Piprali 807.66 34.8759 31.3883 51.0899 10.6890 61.7789 196.82

Sikar District 7880.85 334.2306 302.1155 392.7958 69.5186 462.3144 153.03

(Source: Ground water voucher Sikar district)

3.9.3 Depth to Ground Water Table

The groundwater storage is largely controlled by the prevailing hydrogeological and geomorphic conditions. Besides, magnitude of input (recharge) to the ground water system and output (discharge) from it also influences the status of groundwater regime. The study area falls in Piprali and Dhod block of Sikar District. The depth to ground water in the district ranges from 10 to 60 mbgl in pre monsoon period whereas it ranges from 30 to >70 mbgl in post monsoon period. Depth to water table in District is provided in Figure 3.13.

Pre monsoon season

Post Monsoon

(Source: Ground water voucher Sikar district)

Figure 3.13: Ground Water Table Map of Sikar District

3.9.4 Ground Water Quality

Drinking water requirement of the study area is adequately met through ground water resources. To assess the ground water quality of the study area eight ground water samples were collected from different locations within the study area and analysed as per standard method. The water samples were examined for physico-chemical parameters as well as for bacteriological parameters. Samples for chemical analyses were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples for bacteriological analyses were collected in sterilized bottles (APHA Method). The details of sampling locations with distance from site and sources are presented





in Table 3.17. Map showing water sampling location is given in Figure 3.12. Analysis results of groundwater are presented in Table 3.18.

Table 3.17: Name of Ground Water Sampling Locations

S. No. Stations Source Distance from site Lat Long

GW1 Project Site Borewell 0.12 km, E N-27º20.057 E-75º35.107

GW2 Parasrampura Borewell 0.94, E N-27º19.975 E-75º35.584

GW3 Harsoli Handpump 1.14, SW N-27º19.743 E-75º34.413

GW4 Khatodiya Ki Dhani

Borewell 3.32, SE N-27º19.696 E-75º37.007

GW5 Ward -16 Ringas Handpump 2.55, NW N-27º20.796 E-75º33.760

GW6 Sargoth Borewell 2.47, SE N-27º19.470 E-75º36.537

GW7 Garhi Borewell 2.59, SE N-27º19.128 E-75º36.115

GW8 RIICO Area (Near DS Milk Plant)

Borewell 0.54, SE N-27º19.904 E-75º35.317


Table 3.18: Ground Water Quality

S. No.

Parameters GW1

GW2

GW3

GW4

Method Desired Limit

/Permissible Limit

1 pH value 7.74 7.66 7.90 7.92 APHA-4500 6.5-8.5/ No relexation

2 Temperature 0C 27.2 27.0 27.5 27.1 IS:3025 Part 9

--

3 Conductivity,

mhos/cm

354 565 450 332 APHA-4500 --

4 Turbidity (NTU) 0.68 0.92 0.84 0.62 APHA-2030B

1-5

5 Total Dissolved solids mg/l

238 388 320 224 APHA-2540B

500/2000

6 Total Suspended solids mg/l

0.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 APHA-2540D

--

7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l

154 248 184 136 APHA-2340C

200/600

8 Chloride as Cl mg/l 28 46 34 24.8 APHA-4500B

250/1000

9 Total Alkalinity mg/l 126 204 150 116 IS:3025Part 23

200/600

10 Sulphates as SO4

mg/l 11.6 22 16.5 10.8 APHA-

4500E 200/400

11 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 0.19 0.21 0.20 0.30 APHA-4500 45/No relexation

12 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.46 0.55 0.43 0.39 APHA-4500D

1/1.5

13 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.38 0.42 0.34 0.36 APHA-3111B

0.3/No relexation

14 Zinc as Zn mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.10 APHA- 5/15





S. No.

Parameters GW1

GW2

GW3

GW4


/Permissible Limit

3111B

15 Calcium as Ca mg/l 55.6 88 66 32 APHA-3500B

75/200

16 Magnesium as Mg mg/l

4.4 6.8 5.4 9.8 APHA-3500B

30/100

17 Sodium as Na mg/l 6.2 7.8 4.5 4.6 APHA-3500 --

18 Potassium as K mg/l 1.1 1.5 0.8 0.9 APHA-3500 KB

--

19 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA-3111B

0.003/No elexation

20 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA-3111B

0.05/1.5

21 Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA-3111B

0.02/No relexation

22 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA-3111B

0.01/No relexation

23 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 APHA-3112 0.001/0.001

24 Chromium (Total as Cr) mg/l

<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 APHA-3111B

0.5/No relexation

25 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 APHA-3114 0.01/0.05

26 Phenolic compound mg/l

<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 IS:3025Part 43

0.001/0.002

27 Total coliform MPN/100ml

Nil Nil Nil Nil APHA-9230B

Nil


Table 3.19: Ground Water Quality

S. No.

Parameters GW5

GW6

GW7

GW8


/Permissible Limit

1 pH value 7.72 7.86 7.78 7.58 APHA-4500 6.5-8.5/ No relexation

2 Temperature 0C 27.6 27.4 27.3 27.2 IS:3025 Part 9 --

3 Conductivity,

mhos/cm

1132 658 604 624 APHA-4500 --

4 Turbidity (NTU) 1.2 1.0 0.98 0.92 APHA-2030B 1-5

5 Total Dissolved solids mg/l

786 472 422 418 APHA-2540B 500/2000

6 Total Suspended solids mg/l

4.2 3.8 4.0 2.0 APHA-2540D --

7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l

496 288 264 258 APHA-2340C 200/600

8 Chloride as Cl mg/l 92 54 48 46 APHA-4500B 250/1000

9 Total Alkalinity mg/l 398 218 210 206 IS:3025 Part 200/600





S. No.

Parameters GW5

GW6

GW7

GW8


/Permissible Limit

23

10 Sulphates as SO4

mg/l 44 24.8 23.6 22.8 APHA-4500E 200/400

11 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 0.48 0.22 0.20 0.018 APHA-4500 45/No relexation

12 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.56 0.75 0.68 0.66 APHA-4500D 1/1.5

13 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.49 0.46 0.36 0.32 APHA-3111B 0.3/No relexation

14 Zinc as Zn mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APHA-3111B 5/15

15 Calcium as Ca mg/l 178 102 94 90 APHA-3500B 75/200

16 Magnesium as Mg mg/l

13.6 8.7 7.8 7.4 APHA-3500B 30/100

17 Sodium as Na mg/l 22 18 12 10 APHA-3500 --

18 Potassium as K mg/l 2.8 1.3 1.2 1.0 APHA-3500 KB

--

19 Cadmium as Cd mg/l

<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA-3111B 0.003/No elexation

20 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA-3111B 0.05/1.5

21 Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA-3111B 0.02/No relexation

22 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 APHA-3111B 0.01/No relexation

23 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 APHA-3112 0.001/0.001

24 Chromium (Total as Cr) mg/l

<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 APHA-3111B 0.5/No relexation

25 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 APHA-3114 0.01/0.05

26 Phenolic compound mg/l

<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 IS:3025 Part 43

0.001/0.002

27 Total Coliform MPN/100ml

Nil Nil Nil Nil APHA-9230B Nil


Observation on Ground Water Quality

The Physico-chemical characteristics of the ground water samples were in good agreement with IS: 10500 permissible limits. Total dissolve solids values are well within the desirable limit except water sample of Reengus location. Total Hardness, calcium, Magnesium and chloride values are slightly above the desirable limit but within the permissible limits specified under Drinking Water Standard (IS: 10500). As regards heavy metals, only Fe and Zn were present but quite lower in concentration whereas the other heavy metals were in traces. Hence, the GW of the study area is neither contaminated nor high in any metallic contamination from any natural sources.

3.9.5 Surface Water Quality

Most of the surface water sources in the study area are seasonal. All the surface water sources in the study area were dry during study period. Hence no surface water sample was collected.





3.9.6 Soil Sampling and Analysis

The soil samples were collected from Six (06) selected locations during the pre-monsoon season. The samples collected from all the locations were homogeneous representatives of each location. At random five sub-locations were identified at each location and soil samples were collected from 5 to15-cm below the surface. It was uniformly mixed before homogenizing the soil samples. The samples about 500-gms were packed in polythene bags labelled in the field with location & number and sent to the laboratory for the analysis of various physicochemical parameters. Soil sampling locations were selected based on the local geological formation and the agricultural practices.

For studying soil quality in the study area, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the proposed project site representing various land use conditions. The homogenized samples were analyzed for selected physicochemical parameters. Soil sampling locations with their distance & directions with respect to the proposed project site are presented in Table 3.20 & shown in Figure3.12.

Table 3.20: Soil Sampling Locations

Location Code

Sampling Locations Distance, km & Direction w.r.t. the Project Site

Location Remark

S-1 Project Site 0.12 km, E Industrial

S-2 Harsolai 1.14, SW Rural

S-3 Parasrampura 0.94, E Rural

S-4 Gadhi 2.47, SE Rural

S-5 Sargoth 2.59, SE Rural

S-6 Ringus (Ward No. 16) 2.55, NW Mix Commercial

(Source: Please refer Figure 3.12)

Table 3.21: Physiochemical Characteristics of Soil

S. No.

Parameters

Unit

Project Site S-1

S-2

S-3

S-4

S-5

S-6

Physical Characteristics

1. Color - Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown

2. Textural Class USDA System

Sandy Loam

Sandy Loam

Sandy Clay

Sandy Loam

Sandy Loam

Sandy Loam

3. Particle Size Distribution

i) Sand (0.02 to 0.20-mm)

% 54 56 55 53 54 56

ii) Silt (0.002 to 0.02-mm)

% 32 28 10 31 29 29

iii) Clay (< 0.002-mm) % 14 16 35 16 17 15

4. Porosity % 44.9 47.9 49.4 46.0 43.4 44.2

5. Bulk Density gm/cc 1.46 1.38 1.34 1.43 1.50 1.48

6. Water Holding Capacity

% 28.4 30.2 26.4 30.8 29.2 29.8

7. Permeability cm/hr 1.57 1.21 0.19 1.23 1.08 1.37

Chemical Characteristics

8. pH 20% Slurry 7.88 7.96 7.86 8.12 7.68 7.81

9. Conductivity (EC) µmhos/cm 116 126 135 107 112 120

10. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)

Meq/100-gm

8.8 9.5 7.6 9.8 10.5 9.2

11. Organic Matter % 0.72 0.83 0.79 0.76 0.71 0.85

12. Organic Carbon % 0.42 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.41 0.49





S. No.

Parameters

Unit

Project Site S-1

S-2

S-3

S-4

S-5

S-6

13. Sodium as Na mg/kg 4.15 5.26 4.22 4.45 3.62 4.82

14. Available Nutrients

i) Nitrogen as N kg/ha 265.8 245.6 254.5 260.2 272.4 269.5

ii) Phosphorus as P kg/ha 18.5 24.8 17.9 16.6 20.5 18.8

iii) Potassium as K kg/ha 136.4 144.9 130.6 135.2 133.2 139.7

15. Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR)

- 0.85 0.72 0.75 0.76 0.95 0.88


3.9.7 Soil Characteristics& Interpretation of Analytical Results & Conclusions

Physical characteristics of soil greatly influence its use and behaviour towards plant growth.

• Soil Texture

Texturally the soils of study area are observed as Sandy Loam and Sandy Clay Soils.

• Bulk Density

Bulk density of soil relates to the combined volumes of the solids and pore spaces. Soil with a high pore space with loose solid particles will have lower bulk density than those that are more compact and have less pore space. This is directly related to the movement of air and water through soil thus affecting the productivity. The bulk density of the soils was found in the range of 1.34 to 1.50-gm/cm³.

• Water Holding Capacity

Water-holding capacity is usually defined as the amount of water that soil can hold. Soil that have fine particles are able to hold more water than coarse soils while rock fragments cannot hold any water and contribute negatively to soil water-holding capacity. The type and composition of soil are the controlling factors in this case. Water Holding Capacity of study area soils was observed as 26.4 to 30.8%.

3.9.8 Chemical Characteristics of Soil

• Soil Reaction Classes and Critical Limits for Macro & Micro Nutrients in Soil

According to Soil Survey Manual (IARI, 1970), the soils are grouped under different soil reaction classes viz; extremely acidic (pH<4.5), very strongly acidic (pH 4.5-5.0 ), strongly acidic (pH 5.1-5.5), moderately acidic (pH 5.6-6.0), slightly acidic (pH 6.1-6.5), neutral (pH 6.6-7.3), slightly alkaline (pH 7.4-7.8), moderately alkaline (pH 7.9-8.4), strongly alkaline (pH 8.5-9.0).The soils are rated as low (below 0.50 %), medium (0.50-0.75 %) and high (above 0.75 %) in case of organic carbon, low (<280-kg/ha), medium (280 to 560-kg/ha) and high (>560-kg/ha) in case of available Nitrogen, low (<10-kg/ha), medium (10 to 25-kg/ha) and high (>25-kg/ha) for available Phosphorus, low (<108-kg/ha), medium (108 to 280-kg/ha) and high (>280-kg/ha) for available Potassium and low (<10-mg/kg), medium (10-20-mg/kg) and high (>20-mg/kg) for available Sulphur, (Singh et. al. 2004, Mehta et. al.1988). Critical limits of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B, which separate deficient from non-deficient soils followed in India, are 4.5, 2.0 & 0.5, 0.2 and 0.5-mg/kg respectively. (Follet & Lindsay-1970 and Berger & Truog-1940)

• Soil Reaction

Soil pH is an important soil property, which affects the availability of several plant nutrients. It is a measure of acidity and alkalinity and reflects the status of base saturation. The soil pH ranges from 7.68 to 8.12, thereby indicating the soils are slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline.





• Organic Carbon

The effect of soil organic matter on soil properties is well recognized. Soil organic matter plays a vital role in supplying plant nutrients, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), improving soil aggregation and hence water retention and soil biological activity. The organic carbon content of soil varied from 0.41 to 0.49% (0.71 to 0.85% as organic matter), thereby implying that soils are low in organic carbon contents.

• Macronutrients

Nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are considered as primary nutrients and Sulphur (S) as secondary nutrient. These nutrients help in proper growth, development and yield differentiation of plants and are generally required by plants in large quantity.

• Available Nitrogen

Nitrogen is an integral component of many compounds including chlorophyll and enzyme essential for plant growth. It is an essential constituent for amino acids which is building blocks for plant tissue, cell nuclei and protoplasm. It encourages aboveground vegetative growth and deep green color to leaves. Deficiency of nitrogen decreases rate and extent of protein synthesis and results into stunted growth and develop Chlorosis. Available nitrogen content in the surface soils ranges between 245.6 & 272.4-kg/ha thereby indicates that soils are low in available nitrogen content.

• Available Phosphorus

Phosphorus is an important component of adenosine di-phosphate (ADP) and adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), which involves in energy transformation in plant. It is essential component of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the seat of genetic inheritance in plant and animal. Phosphorous take part in important functions like photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, crop maturation, root development, strengthening straw in cereal crops etc. The availability of phosphorous is restricted under acidic and alkaline soil reaction mainly due to P-fixation. In acidic condition it gets fixed with aluminum and iron and in alkaline condition with calcium. Available phosphorus content ranged between 16.6 & 24.8-kg/ha thereby indicating that soils are having medium in available phosphorus.

• Available Potassium

Potassium is an activator of various enzymes responsible for plant processes like energy metabolism, starch synthesis, nitrate reduction and sugar degradation. It is extremely mobile in plant and help to regulate opening and closing of stomata in the leaves and uptake of water by root cells. It is important in grain formation and tuber development and encourages crop resistance for certain fungal and bacterial diseases. Available potassium content in these soils ranges between 130.6 & 144.9-kg/ha thereby is indicating that the soils are with medium levels of available potassium content. Thus, the soil of the study area is moderate fertile.

Methodology for Biological Environment

For the purpose of surveying the vegetation quadrates were laid to record phytosociological features of the vegetation. The vegetation data collected for phytosociological information were analyzed. Besides measuring these parameters, other biodiversity aspects in the terms of endemic status, conservation status and life form have been enumerated. For all the plant species found in the area during ecological survey, Red Data Books of the Botanical survey of India have been screened to verify their conservation status. The information was also collected from secondary sources for reference purposes.





The sampling sites were selected based on the Landuse pattern of the study area and after preliminary survey of the study area within 10km radius from the periphery of proposed project. Project area has been defined as core zone (CZ) and surrounding area has been defined as Buffer Zone (BZ).

Terrestrial Ecology

Floral resources

A detail investigation was made to understand overall vegetation profile and floral resource characteristics within 10 km radius of the proposed project area. The present study on the floral assessment is based on the field survey of the project influenced area. The plant species were identified with the help of taxonomists of related fields and nearby Scientific Institutions. Besides the collection of plant species, information was also collected with vernacular names of plant species made by local inhabitants.

Faunal Resources

Faunal species was observed through conducting field survey in the project site (core zone) and surrounding areas (buffer zone) for identification of important animal groups such as butterflies (insects), birds, mammals, reptiles, and fisheries etc.

For authentication of field data, secondary data was also collected from various published and unpublished reports. The Forest Working Plans of the concerned Forest Divisions is also used as the secondary information source on the wildlife of the area. In addition to this, interaction with local people for extracting information on the presence and relative abundance of various animal species

Aquatic Ecology

Field survey was conducted in the project site and adjoining areas which shows that there is no perennial surface water bodies like pond, lake, river, canal etc. are present in the study area. Therefore, the data collection with respect to fisheries is limited to commercial fisheries available in the market only. No natural fisheries have been found present in the study area. However, the general methodology which in use for aquatic environment is mentioned for reference purposes only.

The qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytoplankton, periphyton and zooplankton is estimated by methods adopted in APHA (1995). The phytoplankton and periphyton is identified upto genera and species level with the help of Edmondson (1992, 2nd edition), Hustedt and Jensen (1985), Sarod and Kamat (1984). The zooplankton is identified by using literatures of Edmondson (1992, 2nd edition), Battish (1992) and Kundo 1986).

The macro benthic fauna is identified after Edmunds (1978), Yankson and Kendall (2001), Olaniyan (1968) and Schreider (1990). Identification of fishes is done with the help of the document by Talwar and Jhingran (1991).

Terrestrial Environment

Fuel Wood: The main source of fuel is from cow dung cake, woody stem of Arhar and Mustard crops, most of the domestic fuel requirement is met from Agro By-product and cow dung cake. Rest is met out from the forest out side the village boundary.

Fodder: Villages under the project surrounding area do not have any significant dependency on forest-based fodder as these sources are not available in the forests. Some locals preferred khejri, kikar, grasses and other thorn scrubs etc.

Fruit Trees: Preference for fruit trees are solicited in terms of attributes like production, market availability and timber wood value. Overall Mango, Jamun, Guava, Ber, Lemmon, is found most preferred fruit trees amongst the farmers of surrounding area. However, the area





is devoid of major commercial practices related to Orchard and Horticulture due to arid to semi arid type climatic conditions.

Timber/Commercial Plants: Farmers Preference for timber plants are Sheesham, Teak, Khair etc., which are grown by the forest department as well as by the locals.

Agriculture: Mustard, Guar, Arhar, Wheat, Gram, Jowar, Bajra, are most preferred agriculture crop in the area.

Vegetation Profile of the Study Area

The vegetation present in the buffer zone is dry deciduous and scrubby vegetation. Grass is conspicuous, herbs are scattered and climbers are not reported.

A floral enlistment of trees, shrubs and herbs, grasses, farm vegetation & orchards with their scientific names, common names and the family to which they belong is presented in a tabular format as Tables 3.22 and shown in Plates. The core zone area includes project site, existing power plant site and colony area of the project site whereas Buffer zone is surrounding area up to 10 km radius from the periphery of project site.

The tree cover of the study area consists of mixes of khair (Acacia catechu), ber (Zisyphus mauratians), kakon (Flacourtis indica), raunj (Acacia leucophloea), tendu (diospyros melanoxylon), salar (Boswellia serrata), gurjan (Lannea coromandelica), safed dhok (Anogeissus latifolia), kadu (Steroulia urons), jhinja (Bauhinja racemosa), Kalan (Mitragyna parvifolia).

The under growth mostly comprises of jharber (Zizyphus nummularia), adusa (Adhdtoda vasion), adhashishi (Xanthium strumarium linn), dasan (Rhus mysorensis), jal (Capparis sepiaria), gangeran (Grewia tenax), jarkhed (Grewia falvescens), panwar (Cassia tora) and hijhara (Achyranthes aspera), kolikanda (Urginea indica), thor (Euphoribia nerifolia), gugal (Commiphora wightii) etc.

The ground flora supports good growth of grasses like pelarda (Apluda mutica), lampla (Aristida spp), kalilamp (Heteropogon contortus), sedua (Chrysopogon fulvus), rosha (Cymbopogon martinii), and ratedi (Themeda quadrivalvis) etc.

Scrub forests containing kakera (Maytenus emargimata) and kakon (Falcourtia indica). The lands in the area generally support khejra (prosopis cineraria), polu (Salyadora oleoides) and karil (Ca-pparis decidua), Fairly extensive patches of khair and ber are found growing in scrub on bardas.

Inland Dune Scrub Forests of this type are generally confined to the old deposits of blown up sand and correspond to IS1 Desert Dune scrub (Champion and Seth's classification). The soil is generally dry and impoverished due to lack of humus and the vegetation is principally thorny and zerophytic. The growing stock consists of stunted and crooked trees of kakera (Gymnosporia spinosa), kakon (Flacourtia indica), raunj (Acacia lcucophleea), roheda (Tecomella undulata), chillal (Holoptelia integrifolia), goya (Dischrostachys cinerea), saintha (Bauhunia raeemosa) kheri (Acacia senegal), khejra (Propsopis cineraria), neem (Azadirachta indica).

The undergrowth consists of bushes of khimp (Leptadenia pyrortechnica), akda (Calotropis procera), kair (capparis decidus), bonli (Acacia jacquemontii), kharsana (Crotolaria burhia), sivali (Grewia flavescens) etc. The common herbs and grasses are indigofera species, dhamasa (Aristida species) and Panicum turgidum etc.

Banda which is partially parasitic attacks the branches of salar, which consequently gets dried ups. The other parasitic plant like amarbel, which is completely parasitic, attack babul, churel, ber, khejari and even dhok and reduces their lifespan.





No climbers, which affect the plants, are guj, aamali, pilwana; moreda, gudmar etc are seen in the area that may be due to absent of any perennial water body. However, growth of some epiphytes during wet season sometimes affect khajur, khejari etc.

Table 3.22: Vegetation Profile observed in the Study Area

Scientific Name Family Common / Local Name

Trees

Gymnosporia spinosa Celastraceae Kakera

Flacourtia indica Salicaceae Kakon

Acacia leucophloea Fabaceae Raunj reonja

Tecomella undulata Bignoniaceae Roheda

Holoptelia integrifolia Ulmaceae Chillal/ papri

Dischrostachys cinerea Fabaceae Goya- khair

Bauhunia raeemosa Fabaceae Saintha/ jhinja

Acacia senegal Fabaceae Kheri

Propsopis cineraria* Fabaceae Khejra

Melia azaderach Meliaceae Neem

Acacia catechu Fabaceae Khair

Butea monosperma Papilionaceae Chhola/khankra

Lannea coromondelion Anacardiaceae Gurjan

Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae Tondu /tendu

Steroulia urons Malvaceae Kadu

Mitragyna parvifolia Rubiaceae Kalan /kalam

Syzigium cuminii Myrtaceae Jamun

Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Aam

Zisyphus mauratians Rhamnaceae Ber

Anogeissus pendula Combretaceae Dhok

Anogeissus intifolia Combretaceae Dhok

Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae Safed dhok

Boswellia serrata Burseraceae Salar

Maytenus emargimata Celastraceae Kakera

Gmelina arborea Lamiaceae Gameri

Mallotus phillipinensis Euphorbiaceae Rolli /sinduri

Cassia tora /Senna tora Fabaceae Panwar

Ziziphus jujuba Rhamnaceae Jhar ber

Milletia pinnata Fabaceae Karanj

Phoenix sylvestris Arecaceae Khajur

Citrus medica Rutaceae Neebu

Ficus lacor Moraceae Pakhar

Ficus religiossa Moraceae Pipal

Ficus bengalensis Moraceae Bargad

Toona cilia Meliaceae Tuna

Cardia dycotoma Boraginaceae Gunda, Lasoda

Eucalyptus sp Myrtaceae safeda

Delbergia shisso Fabaceae Shisham

Morus alba Moraceae shahtoot

Albizia lebbeck Fabaceae Siris

Boswellia Serrata Burseraceae Salai Guggul

Pterocarpus marsupium Fabaceae Kinu

Syzygium cuminii Myrtaceae Jamun

Psidium sp Myrtaceae Guava

Undergrowth – Bushes/Shrubs

http://zipcodezoo.com/glossary/Celastraceae.asp

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bignoniaceae

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulmaceae






http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhamnaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combretaceae



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burseraceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamiaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphorbiaceae




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraceae



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meliaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boraginaceae

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrtaceae










Leptadenia pyrortechnica Apocynaceae Khimp

Commiphora wightii Burseraceae Gugal

Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae Akda

Capparis decidua Capparaceae Kair /karil

Capparis sepiaria Capparis sepiaria Jal/ hins

Acacia jacquemontii Fabaceae Bonli-kikar

Crotolaria burhia Fabaceae Kharsana-sania

Grewia flavescens Tiliaceae Sivali / chapren

Grewia tenax Tiliaceae Gangrene / gangan

Zizyphus numularia Rhamnaceae Ber jhari / jhar ber

Mimosa rubicaulis Fabaceae Jhanjhani

Urginea indica Asparagaceae Kolikanda

Capparis zeylenica Capparaceae Moreds

Euphorbia royleana Euphorbiaceae Thor

Euphorbia nivulia Euphorbiaceae Thor

Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae Thor

Salyadora oleoides Salvadoraceae Polu /pilu

Rhus mysorensis Anacardiaceae Darsan / dasni

Indigofera tinctoria Fabaceae Neel

Lawsonia inermis Lythraceae Menhadi/ henna

Barleria priopetus Acanthaceae Peeli kanteli vjradanti

Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae Satyanashi/ prickly poppy

Herbs & Grasses

Apluda mutica Poaceae Pelarda

Aristida spp Poaceae Lampla/ dhamasa

Heteropogon contoritus Poaceae Kalilamp

Chrysopogon fulvus Poaceae Sedua /goria

Apluda mutica Poaceae Bhanjura /noll arda

Cymbopogon martinii Poaceae Rosha

Themeda quadrivalvis, Poaceae Ratedi

Heteropogon contortus Poaceae Surwala/sukhala

Chloris barbata Poaceae Windmill / finger grass

Setaria glauca Poaceae Foxtail grass

Panicum turgidum Poaceae Murat /tussock grass

Desmostachya bipinnata Poaceae Dab/ kusha grass

Dendrocalamus strictus Poaceae Bamboo grass

Bambusa arundinacea Poaceae Baans

Saccharum munja Poaceae Munj

Dichanthium annulatum Poaceae Karad/ sheda grass

Barleria acanthoides Acanthaceae Chapari-herb

Lepidagathis trinervis nees Acanthaceae pathar-phor buti

Peristrophe bicalyculata (retz.) Acanthaceae Peristrophe

Xanthium strumarium linn Asteraceae Adhashishi

Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae Hijhara

Tribulus terrestris Pedaliacae chota gokhru

Pedalium murex Pedaliacae Bara gokhru

Creepers/Climbers

Abrus precatorius Fabaceae Ratti/ chirmi

Mucuna prurita Fabaceae Kawanch

Ichnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Dudhi- black sariva

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocynaceae


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capparaceae





http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capparaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvadoraceae

http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Anacardiaceae


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lythraceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaveraceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poaceae











http://www.tropicalforages.info/key/Forages/Media/Html/glossary.htm#grass

http://www.google.co.in/url?q=http://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/6425429427/&sa=U&ei=D59EULTZAZCJrAf6hoHwAw&ved=0CCAQFjAGOAo&usg=AFQjCNEskKZsugiPYsqCChNAq7nVFWACZw

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteraceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedaliacae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedaliacae



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocynaceae






Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Tripatti

Asparagus dumosus Asparagaceae Naharkanta

(Source ; Primary Data & Secondary data from forest working plan and other literature), * Declared as State Tree

Table 3.23: Vegetable, Pulses and Crops in the Study Area

Scientific Name Family Common Name

Spinacia oleracea Amaranthaceae Palak Spinach

Allium sp Amaryllidaceae Onion pyas

Coriandrum sativum Apiaceae Coriander

Brassica oleracea Brassicaceae Cabbage

Brassica oleracea Brassicaceae Cauliflower

Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Castor Oil plant

Cajanus cajan Fabaceae Tuver

Arachis hypogaea Fabaceae Pea nut-ground nut

Pisum sativum Fabaceae Matar pea

Phaseolus vulgaris Fabaceae Beans

Sorghum vulgare Poaceae Fodder /grains

Zea mays Poaceae Corn (macca)

Pennisetum ryphoides Poaceae Bajra

Capsicum spp Solanaceae Chilly

Brassica juncea Brassicaceae Sarson

Triticum sativum Poaceae Wheat

Cyamopsis tetragondoba Fabaceae Gwar

Vigna acontifolia Fabaceae Moth

Phaseolas radiatus Fabaceae Moong

(Sources: Based on Primary Survey and Secondary Data)

Faunal resources

For enumeration of faunal resources, ground surveys are carried out by trekking the impact zone for identification of important animal groups such as birds, mammals, and reptiles, inhabiting the area, adjoining forest on the slopes, hill top and agricultural fields. The information of important animal group such as butterflies, birds, reptiles and mammals were collected by trekking inhabiting area, and in the project site along the boundary i.e. agricultural fields etc present in the impact zone (Plates). The lists of animals recorded during this study are given in following Table 3.25.

Insects: Ten species of butterflies were sited in the area are listed in Table 3.24. Among them cabbage fly was found occurring commonly. The fauna listed consists of mostly ‘common’ and generalist species as none of the animal species is threatened globally as per the IUCN Red list 2007.

Table 3.24: Butterflies Spotted in the Area

S. No. Butterflies Family Common Name

1 Precis lemonias Nymphalidae Lemon pansy

2 Danaus genutia Nymphalidae Common tiger

3 Euploea core Nymphalidae Common Indian Crow

4 Junonia hierta Nymphalidae Yellow Pansy

5 Pachliopta hector Papilionidae Crimsone rose

6 Pieris canidia Pieridae Indian Cabbage White

7 Genopteryx rhamni Pieridae Common brimstone

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxalidaceae

http://www.golatofski.de/Pflanzenreich/familie/a/asparagaceae.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaryllidaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apiaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brassicaceae


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphorbiaceae


http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=od%3A%22Arachis+hypogaea%22







http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanaceae





http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphalidae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphalidae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphalidae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilionidae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieridae






8 Eurema hecabe Pieridae Lemmon grass yellow

9 Zizeeria knysna Lycaenidae Dark grass blue

10 Leptosia nina Pieridae The Psyche

(Sources: Based on Primary Survey and Secondary Database)

Reptiles: Out of 10 species of reptiles recorded, 5 species of lizards and 5 species of snakes are recorded in common in occurrence. Out of these snakes, cobra is protected under schedule II of Indian wild life protection act (1972). None of the reptile species is present in the IUCN Red List of threatened animals (2007).

Table 3.25: Reptiles Present in the Area

S.No. Scientific Name Common Name

Snakes

1 Bungarus caeruleus Karait*

2 Naja naja Cobra*

3 Vipera russelli Russell’s viper*

4 Eryx johni Red sand boa- or Domuhi*

5 Ptyas mucosus Rat snake *

Lizards, Monitor

6 Calotis versicolor Rock lizard

7 Hemidactylus flaviviridis Yellow-bellied house gecko

8 Varanus bengalensis Indian Monitor-Goh

9 Chamaeleo zeylanicus Girgit*

10 Uromasyx hardwickii Spiny-tailed Lizard


Avifauna: The buffer zone and core zone having similar morphology of semi- arid climatic conditions. There is no such classified forest present in the area except the scrub forests and agriculture land. Therefore, most of the species present are adapted to the open, undulating to flat terrain with scattered scrubs of low bushes to jungle babool, beri, kair, khejri type plants. The list of bird species recorded during primary survey and from secondary information collected from the forest working plan and other sources are shown in Table 3.26.

Table 3.26: Avifauna Present in the Area

S. No. Scientific Name Common Name

1 Columa livia Gmelin Blue Roack pigeon

2 Bubulcus ibis Catle Egret

3 Turdoides caudatus Common babbler

4 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna

5 Ploceus philippinus Common weaver bird, baya

6 Pavo cristatus Linnaeus Common Pea Fowl

7 Corvus splendens Viellot House crow

8 Eudynamya scolopacea Koel

9 Merops superciliosus/ orientali Green Bee eater

10 Streptopelia senegalensis Little Brown Dove

11 Streptopelia risoria Indian ring dove

12 Streptopelia decaocto Indian ring dove

13 Upupa epops Hoopoe

14 Nectarinia asiatica /Cinnyris asiaticus Purple Sunbird

15 Vanellus malabaricus Yellow-wattled Lapwing

16 Athena brama Spotted Owlet


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycaenidae





S. No. Scientific Name Common Name

17 Orthotomus sutorius Tailer Bird- phudki

18 Passer domesticus The house sparrow

19 Psittacula krameri Parrot

20 Sarcogyps calvus Asian King Vulture- Indian Black Vulture

21 Milvus migrans Common Pariah Black kite

22 Falco tinnunculus Common kestral

23 Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle - Snakes Eagle

24 Falco jugger Laggar Falcon

25 Buteo buteo Common Buzzard

26 Gyps fulvus Eurasian Griffon

27 Lanchura striata Munia

28 Bubo coromandus Dusky Owl-ullu

29 Francolins francolins Teetar

30 Saxicoloides fulicatus Indian robin

31 Petronia xanthocollis Jungle chidi-yellow throated sparrow

32 Dinopium benghalense Kathphora-woodpecker

33 Turdoides striatus Saat bahin-Jungle babbler

34 Turdoides malcolmi Grey babbler-scrubs

35 Cuculus varius Papiha—brain fever bird

36 Pycnonotus cafer Redvented bulbul

37 Pycnonotus leucotis White-eared Bulbul

38 Rhipidura aureola Flycatcher- White-browed Fantail

39 Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller--neelkanth

40 Perdicula asiatica Jungle bush quail

41 Coturnix coturnix Common quail

42 Eremopterix griseus Ashy-crowned Sparrow-Lark

43 Ammomanes cinctura Bar-tailed Desert Lark

44 Ammomanes phoenicurus Rufous-tailed Lark

45 Mirafra erythroptera Indian Bush Lark

46 Mirafra affinis Jerdon's Bush Lark

47 Lonchura atricapilla Black headed munia

48 Zoothera citrina Orange head thrush

49 Muscicapa striata Spotted flycatcher

50 Dicrurus remifer Lesser racket tailed drongo

51 Dicrurus dsimillis Bechstenin Black Drogo

55 Emberiza stewarti White capped bunting

56 Saxicola macrorhynchus White-browed Bush Chat


Mammals: The main among rodents are saheli and wild rats. Saheli consumes seeds and small plants including semal, khazur etc. The rats also affect seeds and soft plants. Among wild mammals, Neel Gai, is widely occurring in the area both in forest land as well as surrounding area land. Other species occurring in the area are listed in Table 3.27.

Table 3.27: Mammalian Species Present in the Study Area


1 Cuon alpinus Jungle kutta

2 Vulpes bengalensis Indian Fox

3 Canis aureus Golden Jackal geeder

4 Fellis chaus Jungle cat-

5 Vulpes vulpes Desert Fox

http://www.google.co.in/images?q=Bubo+coromandus&hl=en&gbv=2&gs_l=heirloom-serp.12..0.24672.24672.0.25656.1.1.0.0.0.0.156.156.0j1.1.0...0.0...1c.2.f4mKiPv1ng0&spell=1&tbm=isch&nfpr=






6 Boselaphus tragocamelus* Neel gai

7 Hystrix indica Sahhi-she-indian porcupine

8 Hemiechunus auritus Jhau chuha

9 Pteropus giganteus Chamgadar-Indian Flying-fox

10 Felis libyca Desert Cat

11 Felis chaus* Jungle Cat

12 Mus muscatus* Mouse

13 Rattus rattus House rat

14 Lepus nigricollis Hare-khargosh

15 Bandicota bengalensis Indian Mole rat

16 Herpestes edwardsi* Mongoose

17 Funambulus pennati* Palm squirrel

18 Suncus murinus House shrew

(Sources: Based on *Primary Survey and Secondary Data)

Domestic Animals: There are a large number of domestic animals in the region, which are mainly dependent on the open forests land and waste land of the village. The livestock of the area is dependent on the vegetation of open forests and agricultural land.

Table 3.28: Domesticated Mammalian Species Present in the Study Area

S. No. Domesticated Mammals Common Name

1 Bos indicus Cow

2 Bubalus indicus Buffalo

3 Cains familieris Dog

4 Capra hircus Goat

5 Equus cabilus Horse

6 Equus hermionus Ass

7 Felis domesticus Cat

8 Ovius polic Sheep

9. Camelus dromedarius Camel


Aquatic Ecology

As such, there is no natural and perennial water bodies in form of lake, river, canal or stream are found present in the core zone and buffer zone upto 10km area. However, some village are having bawri or dug wells and low-lying area developed into water storage ponds where rainwater get store during rainy season. Agricultural practices and drinking water requirement of the area is meeting from the ground water aquifer. Therefore, no aquatic life has been found present in the area with respect to fisheries, planktons, benthos etc.

Fisheries and Aquatic Life

No natural or commercial fishery activities are observed within 10 Km radius of the existing premises, and hence proposed project activities are not envisaged to have any adverse effect on fisheries and aquatic life.

Rare and Endangered Species

During the study, no endangered species of flora and fauna was observed in the study area and same has also been confirmed from the record of State Forest Department as per Red data book of Botanical Survey of India and Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972.

Ecological Sensitive Areas





No major eco-system / biosphere reserves have been identified within the periphery of the project site. Also, the study area does not contain any such features having great historical or archaeological importance.

Calotropis procera Grass

Zizyphus sp. Sachrum sp.

Figure 3.14: Proposed RICCO Industrial Area and Scrub Vegetation

Khejari –A State Tree with Baya Nests Agricultural Field ploughed by Camel





Jowar Fields, Pigeon and Yellow wattled

lapwing Indian Ring Dove

Figure 3.15: Vegetation Accounts with Faunal Life forms in the Study Area

Scrub Vegetation Scrubs Vegetation

Phoenix sp. Acacia Sp.





Capparis decidua Capparis sp.

Sun Bird Goats

Figure 3.16: Vegetation Accounts with Faunal Life forms in the Study Area

3.9.9 Demography

Demography is one of the important indicators of environmental health of an area. It includes population, number of residential houses and households (families), literacy rate, population density, etc. In order to assess the demographic features of the study area, census data for both, Sikar & Jaipur Districts, in Rajasthan state for the year 2011 was compiled and placed in the tabulated and graphical presentation.

Population Distribution

As per the Census Record of India 2011, the Total population of the study area was recorded as 137684 persons of thirty-eight (38) revenue villages and one (01) Town namely Reengus (M) of two districts namely Sikar & Jaipur in Rajasthan. Total number of ‘Households’ was observed as 21307 in the study area. Male-female wise total population was recorded as 71147 males (51.7%) and 66537 (48.3%) females respectively. Caste wise male-female population distribution of study area villages is given in Table 3.29 as follows.

Table 3.29: Caste wise Population Distribution of Study Area Villages

Tehsil Village Households Population SC ST

P M F M F M F

Sri Madhopur (District Sikar)

Reengus(M) 4107 26139 13696 12443 1718 1572 344 309

Mahroli 1486 8885 4553 4332 895 898 116 122

Bharni 554 3578 1836 1742 223 216 5 4

Arniya 903 6625 3408 3217 237 212 3 5

Sikar (District Sikar)

Badhadar 498 2894 1519 1375 321 269 0 1





Tehsil Village Households Population SC ST

P M F M F M F


Kolwa 325 2312 1157 1155 188 185 134 130

Jalalpur 181 1284 652 632 71 62 0 0

Parasrampura 274 1769 897 872 38 39 61 48

Shimarla Jageer

665 4386 2225 2161 108 99 127 145

Sargoth 928 6391 3289 3102 317 280 55 56

Patwari Ka Bas

558 4034 2080 1954 303 285 0 0

Bhopatpura 483 2929 1511 1418 177 181 53 54

Lakhni 645 4308 2243 2065 377 387 142 112

Malakali 214 1313 673 640 51 52 0 0

Jaitusar 392 2533 1255 1278 326 327 14 15

Devipura 146 939 489 450 35 27 0 0

Kotri Dhaylan 599 3815 2015 1800 253 225 209 191

Chomu (District Jaipur)

Bagri 235 1417 748 669 162 149 93 86

Sirsa 229 1710 914 796 46 33 0 0

Ranjeetpura 221 1418 749 669 77 67 6 13

Nangal Govind

326 2180 1155 1025 224 189 38 31

Kishanpura 850 5089 2736 2353 641 503 86 75

Haboo Ka Bas

98 524 267 257 15 14 35 30

Bagron Ka Bas

178 1097 557 540 41 35 8 5

Asti Kalan 671 4078 2032 2046 136 137 85 79

Bhutera 526 3184 1611 1573 370 363 52 44

Madho Ka Bas

23 155 82 73 21 15 0 0

Udgwar 449 3014 1546 1468 404 388 131 117

Chhota Gudha

198 1357 684 673 75 74 35 31

Nangal Kalan 492 3300 1687 1613 277 236 38 34

Raisingh Ka Bas

214 1352 704 648 0 0 72 60

Dhodhsar 827 4927 2532 2395 911 845 67 65

Nadiya 163 1245 621 624 0 0 1 0

Singod Khurd 716 4514 2345 2169 462 427 125 109

Singod Kalan 835 5631 2874 2757 141 135 44 45

Chak Charanwas

45 335 171 164 2 3 0 0

Aleesar 656 4270 2215 2055 122 120 309 297

Baga Ka Bas 111 879 466 413 70 60 47 44

Phulera (Jaipur District)

Gadri 286 1874 953 921 102 113 50 43

Total 21307 137684 71147 66537 9937 9222 2585 2400

Source-Census of India 2011





Sex Ratio

The ‘Sex Ratio’ is a numeric relationship between females & males and bears paramount importance in the present-day scenario where the un-ethnic pre-determination of sex and killing of female foetus during pregnancy is practiced by unscrupulous medical practitioners against the rule of the law of the country.

As per the census records of 2011, the study area is falling in two (02) districts namely Sikar & Jaipur of Rajasthan. The ‘Sex Ratio’ in both districts was observed as 944 & 910 females respectively and the same was also observed as 935 females per 1000 males in the study area. The male-female wise population distribution in thirty-eight (38) villages & one (01) town named Reengus (M) covered under the study area is depicted by graphical representation shown in Figure 3.17.

Figure 3.17: Male-female wise Population Distribution

SC & ST Population

On the basis of the caste wise population distribution of the ‘Scheduled Caste’population consisting of 9937 males (51.9%) & 9222 females (48.1%) respectively in the study area, accounts for 13.9% to the total population. As per the census records of 2011, the ‘Scheduled Tribe’ population consisting of 2585 males & 2400 females respectively and accounts 3.6% to the total population (as 137684 persons) in the study area. It implies that 82.5% of the total population belongs to the general category of the peoples in the study area.

Male-female wise distribution of SC & ST population in the study area villages is graphically represented in Figure 3.18 & 3.19 respectively.

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

Total Population Males Females

Total Population

Total Population





Figure 3.18: SC Population in Study Area

Figure 3.19: ST Population in Study Area

Literacy Rate

Literacy rate is quantifiable indicator to assess the development status of an area or region. The male-female wise statistical data of literate & illiterate population of study area is presented in Table 3.30. It is evident from the Table 3.31 that the Male-female wise literates are observed as 52802 & 33867persons implies that the literacy rate is 63.0% with male and female percentages being as 38.6 & 24.6% respectively. The illiterates are 37.1% to the total population of which male & female illiterates are 18345 (13.3%) & 32670 persons (23.7%) respectively. The Male-female wise graphical presentation of literates & illiterates population of the study area villages is given in Figure 3.20.

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Total SC Male SC Female SC

Scheduled Castes

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Total ST Population Male ST Female ST

Scheduled Tribes





Figure 3.20: Male-Female Wise Distribution of Literates & Illiterates

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000

TotalLiterates

MaleLiterates

FemaleLiterates

TotalIlliterates

MaleIlliterates

FemaleIlliterates

Male-Femalewise Literates & Illitrates

Male-Femalewise Literates & Illitrates





Table 3.30: Male-Female Wise Literates & Illiterates

Tehsil (District) Village Total Population Literates Illiterates

Male Female Male Female


Reengus (M) 26139 10399 7100 3297 5343

Mahroli 8885 3443 2514 1110 1818

Bharni 3578 1400 831 436 911

Arniya 6625 2352 1440 1056 1777

Sikar Badhadar 2894

1165 700 354 675 (District Sikar)


Kolwa 2312 814 558 343 597

Jalalpur 1284 455 279 197 353

Parasrampura 1769 661 447 236 425

Shimarla Jageer 4386 1604 1001 621 1160

Sargoth 6391 2378 1528 911 1574

Patwari Ka Bas 4034 1612 994 468 960

Bhopatpura 2929 1182 770 329 648

Lakhni 4308 1713 1035 530 1030

Malakali 1313 554 323 119 317

Jaitusar 2533 961 629 294 649

Devipura 939 353 224 136 226

Kotri Dhaylan 3815 1556 877 459 923


Bagri 1417 543 309 205 360

Sirsa 1710 731 404 183 392

Ranjeetpura 1418 586 325 163 344

Nangal Govind 2180 823 467 332 558

Kishanpura 5089 2013 1188 723 1165

Haboo Ka Bas 524 198 136 69 121

Bagron Ka Bas 1097 371 296 186 244

Asti Kalan 4078 1450 927 582 1119

Bhutera 3184 1151 731 460 842

Madho Ka Bas 155 64 29 18 44

Udgwar 3014 1177 737 369 731





Tehsil (District) Village Total Population Literates Illiterates

Male Female Male Female

Chhota Gudha 1357 449 286 235 387

Nangal Kalan 3300 1230 776 457 837

Raisingh Ka Bas 1352 512 307 192 341

Dhodhsar 4927 1907 1247 625 1148

Nadiya 1245 449 290 172 334

Singod Khurd 4514 1728 1078 617 1091

Singod Kalan 5631 2091 1371 783 1386

Chak Charanwas 335 116 56 55 108

Aleesar 4270 1568 1003 647 1052

Baga Ka Bas 879 356 210 110 203


Gadri 1874 687 444 266 477

Total 137684 52802 33867 18345 32670


Table 3.31: Occupational Pattern in the Study Area Villages

Tehsil Village Name

MAIN WORK_P

MAIN_CL_P

MAIN_AL_P

MAIN_HH_P

MAIN_OT_P

MARG WORK_P

MARG_CL_P

MARG_AL_P

MARG_HH_P

MARG_OT_P


Reengus (M)

6707 1483 96 453 4675 1504 129 107 312 956

Mahroli 2227 513 89 38 1587 668 358 54 11 245

Bharni 976 546 27 23 380 816 420 265 9 122

Arniya 1571 1136 46 35 354 955 843 14 8 90

Sikar Badhadar 992 617 181 17 177 342 252 78 5 7

(District Sikar)


Kolwa 477 343 7 8 119 261 135 44 10 72

Jalalpur 449 410 4 2 33 122 121 1 0 0

Parasrampura

545 416 16 6 107 247 222 5 1 19





Tehsil Village Name

MAIN WORK_P

MAIN_CL_P

MAIN_AL_P

MAIN_HH_P

MAIN_OT_P

MARG WORK_P

MARG_CL_P

MARG_AL_P

MARG_HH_P

MARG_OT_P

Shimarla Jageer

1498 1199 85 11 203 120 27 59 0 34

Sargoth 1970 1477 102 26 365 882 638 25 198 111

Patwari Ka Bas

1051 490 22 7 532 683 478 26 107 72

Bhopatpura

718 299 31 6 382 481 417 35 2 27

Lakhni 927 540 17 2 368 1233 971 105 2 155

Malakali 593 387 31 5 170 16 5 5 0 6

Jaitusar 743 310 4 1 428 135 44 1 0 90

Devipura 305 237 12 0 56 3 1 2 0 0

Kotri Dhaylan

1073 461 118 19 475 344 212 74 0 58


Bagri 518 405 23 3 87 189 171 16 0 2

Sirsa 795 755 1 0 39 4 3 0 0 1

Ranjeetpura

491 334 4 39 114 162 83 4 9 66

Nangal Govind

725 369 74 27 255 401 308 20 2 71

Kishanpura

1832 765 38 125 904 418 334 2 4 78

Haboo Ka Bas

195 163 7 0 25 0 0 0 0 0

Bagron Ka Bas

445 278 11 5 151 3 0 0 1 2

Asti Kalan 1273 743 14 86 430 698 361 112 0 225

Bhutera 1364 966 151 32 215 92 17 15 0 60

Madho Ka Bas

50 41 0 0 9 11 0 3 0 8

Udgwar 1148 880 95 4 169 95 10 13 5 67

Chhota 473 242 36 0 195 78 25 7 0 46





Tehsil Village Name

MAIN WORK_P

MAIN_CL_P

MAIN_AL_P

MAIN_HH_P

MAIN_OT_P

MARG WORK_P

MARG_CL_P

MARG_AL_P

MARG_HH_P

MARG_OT_P

Gudha

Nangal Kalan

1180 784 30 6 360 389 245 3 2 139

Raisingh Ka Bas

545 226 12 6 301 48 4 2 0 42

Dhodhsar 1303 268 184 21 830 746 82 155 6 503

Nadiya 333 231 3 11 88 29 1 0 1 27

Singod Khurd

1501 1026 22 15 438 252 23 19 12 198

Singod Kalan

1506 905 116 7 478 865 125 98 215 427

Chak Charanwas

145 120 0 0 25 31 31 0 0 0

Aleesar 1576 882 93 7 594 261 90 12 0 159

Baga Ka Bas

271 205 12 15 39 119 6 36 29 48


Gadri 761 534 112 0 115 2 1 1 0 0

Grand Total 41252 21986 1926 1068 16272 13705 7193 1418 861 4233

Abbreviations:

MAIN WORKERS POPULATION: MAIN WORK_P : Main workers total population, MAIN_CL_P : Main cultivated labour population, MAIN_AL_P : Main agricultural labour population, MAIN_HH_P : Main workers population involved in household industries, MAIN_OT_P : Main other workers population

MARGINAL WORKERS POPULATION:

MARG WORK_P : Marginal workers total population, MARG_CL_P : Marginal cultivated labors total population, MARG_AL_P : Marginal agricultural labors population, MARG_HH_P : Marginal workers involved in household industries, MARG_OT_P : Marginal other workers Population




SIKAR RAJASTHAN By “CENTRAL INSECTICIDES & FERTILIZERS”


Economic Structure

The majority of people in rural parts is farmers & agricultural labors which indicates dominant agricultural economy. A small section of study area people are engaged as household industry workers. But in urban area the existing scenario is completely reversed as most of the people there are engaged in non-agricultural activity especially in local hotels/restaurants and as drivers some people also operates their vans/jeeps/cars as tourist vehicle.

During the field survey, income of a household (family) through all possible sources was recorded. Annual income helps to identify the families below poverty line. Agriculture and allied activities were reported to be the major source of income followed by non-farm wage labor, business, government & private service. The other important sources of income include government pension and income from fodder selling.

Workers Scenario (Occupational Pattern)

Occupational pattern of the concerned study area are recorded to assess skills of people. Occupational pattern also helps in identifying dominating economic activity in the area. The statistics of main and marginal workers with further break-up into category as casual, agricultural, households and other activities is shown in Table 3.31. In the study area the main and marginal workers are 30.0% & 9.9% respectively to the total population (137684) while the remaining 60.1% peoples constitute non-workers (Figure 3.21). Thus it implies that in study area the semi-skilled and non-skilled work-force required for the project is available in aplenty.

Figure 3.21: Workers Scenario

Main Workers:

The main workers are observed as (41252) 30.0% to the total population (137684) of the study area and its composition is made-up of Casual Laborers as 21986 (53.3%), Agricultural Workers population as 1926 (4.7%), Household Workers population as 1068 (2.6%) and Other Workers population as 16272 (39.4%) respectively (Figure 3.22).

Main Workers26.3%

Marginal Workers4.2%

Non-Workers69.5%

Occupational Pattern,%





Figure 3.22: Composition of Main Workers Population

Marginal Workers:

The total Marginal Workers are observed as 13705 which constitute 9.9% of the total population (137684) comprise of Marginal Casual Laborers as 7193 (52.5%), Marginal Agricultural Laborers as 1418 (10.4%), Marginal Households Laborers as 861 (6.3%) and other Marginal Workers were also observed as 4233 (30.8%) of the Total Marginal Workers respectively in the study area. Details about marginal workers in the study area are tabulated in Table 3.31.

Figure 3.23: Distribution of Composition of Marginal Workers

Basic Infrastructure (2001 Census)

A review of Basic infrastructure/amenities facility available in the study area has been done on the basis of the site survey and available information as per the census records of 2001 for the study area inhabited villages lying in two (02) districts namely Sikar & Jaipur of

Casual Labour53.3%

Agril. Labour4.7%

Household Workers

2.6%

Other Workers39.4%

Composition of Main Workers Population

Casual Labourers52.5%

Agril Labourers10.4%

Household Labourers

6.3%

Other Marginal Workers

30.8%

Marginal Workers, %





Rajasthan. The study area has a good level of infrastructure facilities and amenities like education, medical (health), drinking (potable) water, power supply (electrification), and transport & communication network. Study area is predominantly of rural environment and agriculture is the main occupation in the study area peoples.

Education Facilities

As per the village location map of 10-km radius study area, there are a total of thirty-eight (38) revenue villages and one (01) Municipal Town named Reengus (M) of Sikar & Jaipur District in Rajasthan. The study area mainly lying in two (02) tehsils (as Sri Madhopur & Sikar) of Sikar District and two (02) tehsils (as Chomu & Phulera) of Jaipur District respectively in Rajasthan itself.

Primary education facility is available in almost all the villages in the study area. There are about ninety-eight (98) primary schools in the study area villages. Most of the villages alsohave Primary and Middle school facilities and there are about thirty-five (35) Middle Schools in the revenue villages of study area. Higher secondary school (SS) facility is available only in eight (08) revenue villages of the study area. Senior Secondary School (SSS) facility is available only in one village named Dodhsar of Chomu Tehsil in Jaipur District. The educational facilities have been further strengthened now and a number of private public schools and colleges are also functioning in the vicinity of the study area. Besides, there are Engineering and Medical colleges available close to the vicinity of the study area and in Towns. Government College and other Higher education facilities are available in Towns in the area. Now there is a considerable improvement in educational facility in the district as well as in the study area. The villages / towns have no such facilities can reach within <5 to 10-km or >10-km range.

Medical Facilities

The medical facilities are provided by different agencies like Govt., & Private individuals and voluntary organizations in the study area. No primary health center (PHC) exists in the 10-km radius study area; most of the villages in the study area depend upon the only Reengus (M) Municipal town having such facility. Almost all villages are having medical facilities either at door or within <5 or 5 to10-km distance range. There are only three (03 no’s) villages have registered medical practitioners (RMP) in the study area and rest of the villages are depending on those villages for such facility.

Potable Water Facilities

Drinking water facilities are available in almost all villages and town of the study area. The study area has good potable water facilities. About eighteen (18) villages (46.2%) out of the total thirty-eight (38) villages, which are close to the towns, have tap water supply and rest of the villages depends upon the tube well & hand pumps. River water facility is not available in the study area. As per the census records of 2001, no Pond was recorded in the study area villages. In the majority of study area villages, hand pump & tube wells are commonly observed during the field visit & surveys.

Communication Facilities

Apart from Post and Telegraph (P&T) services are the main communication linkage in the study area. The area has good rail and road network, passes from the area. Only three (03) villages of the study area having railway station facility. The north-western railway line also passes across the district HQ and most of the villages availing this facility through the nearest Railway Station. Jaipur also serves as the headquarters of the North Western Railway zone of the Indian Railways since 2002. The Jaipur Division of the North Western Railway is also headquartered at Jaipur. Most of the villages in the study area have pucca road facility and only three (03) villages named Parasrampura & Sargoth of Sri Madhopur tehsil of Sikar District and Kishanpura village of Chomu tehsil in Jaipur District respectively

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Western_Railway_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Western_Railway_(India)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Railways





have Railway Station facility, most of the study area villages are served with Railway Station facility within < 05 to 10-km range; no village have navigable waterways facility in the study area, this facility is available more than >10-km distance from the village. The villages have no such facility can avail within 5 to 10-km range. Mainly One (01) town namely, Reengus (M), Sri Madhopur, Chomu and Kishangarh Renwal are available within the distance range of 08 to 36-kms from the villages / towns of the study area.

Banking Facility

The Study area has almost all the schedule commercial banks with ATM facility at urban areas and the district HQ.

Power Supply

About all (100%) revenue villages and one (01) Municipal town named Reengus (M), availing power supply facility in the study area for all purposes (EA) like domestic, agriculture, industrial & other purpose etc. Out of thirty-nine revenue villages of the study area only Five (05) revenue villages (12.8%) are electrified for Domestic & Agriculture purpose.

Village wise detailed ‘Basic Amenities Availability’ data for all study area villages and one (01) town in the study area is compiled and presented in Table 3.32 as follows.





Table 3.32:Village-wise Basic Amenities Availability

S. No.

Name of the Village

Educational Medical Drinking Water

Post & Telegraph

Communication Approach Nearest Town &

Distance, km

Power Supply

Concerned Tehsil

1 Reengus (M) ………………………………………………Urban Area……………………………………………………………………… Sri Madhopur (District Sikar)

2 Mahroli P(6), M(2), SS(1), C<5, AC(2)

Al. H <5, MCWC <5, PHC <5

T, W, HP PO(1), Tel. Con.(79)

BS, RS<5, NW>10

PR Reengus (5.0-Km)

EO

3 Bharni P(5), M(2), SS(1), C(5-10)

Al. H (5-10), MCWC (5-10), PHC (5-10), PHSC(1)

T, W, TW, HP

PO (1), Tel. Con.(12)

BS, RS(5-10), NW>10

PR,MR,FP Sri Madhopur (8.0-km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

4 Arniya P(6), M(1), C(5-10) Al. H (5-10), MCWC(5-10), PHC <5, PHSC(1)

W, TW, HP Yes, Tel. Con.(1)

RS(5-10), NW>10 PR,MR,FP Reengus (8.0-Km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

5 Badhadar P(2), M(1), C>10, AC(1)

Al. H>10, AD(1), MCWC >10, PHC <5, PHSC (1), CHW (1)

T, W, HP PO (1), Tel. Con.(10)

BS, RS>10, NW>10

PR,MR,FP Sikar (12.0-Km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

Sikar (District Sikar)

6 Kolwa P(1), M(1), C>10 Al. H <5, MCWC >10, PHC >10

W, TW, HP Yes, Tel. Con.(2)

BS, RS>10, NW>10

MR,FP Reengus (12.0-Km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA


7 Jalalpur P (1), C>10 Al. H >10, MCWC >10, PHC >10

W,HP Yes, Tel. Con.(2)

RS>10, NW>10 MR,FP Reengus (8.0-Km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

8 Parasrampura P(1), M<5, C(5-10) Al. H>10, MCWC (5-10), HC (1), PHC >10, PHSC (1), RMP (1), CHW (1)


BS, RS, NW>10 PR,MR,FP Reengus (5.0-Km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

9 Shimarla Jageer

P(2), M(1), C(5-10) Al. H.<5, AD (1), MCWC >10, PHC >10

T, W, TW, HP

PO(1) BS, NW>10 PR,MR,FP Reengus (5.0-Km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

10 Sargoth P(9), M(2), C>10 Al. H (5-10), MCWC (5-10) PHC (5-10), PHSC (1), CHW (1)

W,HP PO (1), Tel. Con.(1)

BS,RS, NW>10 PR,MR,FP Reengus (7.0-Km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

11 Patwari Ka Bas

P(3), M(1), C>10 Al. H (5-10), MCWC (5-10), PHC (5-10)


NW>10 PR,MR,FP Reengus (5.0-Km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

12 Bhopatpura P(3), M(1), C>10 Al. H <5, MCWC >10, PHC <5


BS, NW>10 PR,MR,FP Reengus (1.0-Km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

13 Lakhni P(4), M(2), SS(1), Al. H >10, MCWC (5- T, W, HP PO (1), Tel. BS, NW>10 PR,MR,FP Reengus ED, E





S. No.

Name of the Village


Post & Telegraph


Distance, km

Power Supply

Concerned Tehsil

C(5-10) 10) PHC (5-10), PHSC (1)

Con.(11) (5.0-Km) Ag., EO, EA

14 Malakali P(3), M(3), C>10 Al. H <5, MCWC >10, PHC <5


NW>10 PR,MR,FP Reengus (1.0-Km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

15 Jaitusar P(2), M(1), C>10 Al. H <5, MCWC >10, PHC <5


NW>10 PR,FP Reengus (1.0-Km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

16 Devipura P(1), C>10 Al. H >10, MCWC >10, PHC >10

W, HP NA NW>10 FP Reengus (6.0-Km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

17 Kotri Dhaylan P(3), M(1), C>10 Al. H (5-10), MCWC (5-10), PHC >10, PHSC (1), CHW (1)

W,TW,HP PO (1), Tel. Con.(1)

BS,NW>10 PR,MR,FP Reengus (6.0-Km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

18 Bagri P(1), M(1), C>10, AC(1)

Al. H >10, MCWC (5-10), PHC (5-10)

W,TW,HP NA BS, NW>10 PR,MR,FP Chomu (36.0-km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA


19 Sirsa P(1), M(1), C>10 Al. H >10, MCWC (5-10), PHC (5-10)

W,TW,HP Yes, Tel. Con.(1)

BS, NW(>10) PR,MR,FP Chomu (35.0-km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

20 Ranjeetpura P(1), M(1), C>10, AC(1)

Al. H>10, MCWC (5-10), PHC (5-10)

W,TW,HP NA NW>10 PR,MR,FP Chomu (35.0-km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

21 Nangal Govind P(1), M(1), C>10, AC(1)

Al. H>10, Ayu.d.(1), MCWC (5-10), HC (1), PHC (5-10)

W,TW,HP PO (1),Tel. Con.(2)

BS, NW>10 PR,MR,FP Chomu (35.0-km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

22 Kishanpura P(7), M(3), SS(1), C>10), O(1)

Al. H >10, MCWC >10, PHC (5-10), PHSC (1), FWC (1), CWC (1)

T,W,TW,HP PO (1), Tel. Con.(1)

BS,RS,NW>10 PR,MR,FP Chomu (35.0-km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

23 Haboo Ka Bas P(1), C>10 Al. H >10, MCWC >10, PHC (5-10), CHW (1)

T,W,TW,HP Yes, Tel. Con.(1)

BS, NW>10 PR Chomu (35.0-km)

ED, E Ag.

24 Bagron Ka Bas

P(1), M(1) ,C>10 Al. H >10, MCWC >10, PHC <5



ED, E Ag., EO, EA

25 Asti Kalan P(4), M(1), SS(1), Al. H >10, MCWC T,W,HP PO (1),Tel. BS, NW>10 PR,MR,FP Chomu ED, E





S. No.

Name of the Village


Post & Telegraph


Distance, km

Power Supply

Concerned Tehsil

C>10 >10, PHC <5 Con.(1) (35.0-km) Ag., EO, EA

26 Bhutera P(5), M(1),C>10 Al. H >10, Ayu.d.(1), MCWC>10, PHC (5-10), PHSC(1), FWC(1), CHW(1), RMP (1)

T,W,TW,HP PO (1),Tel. Con.(1)


ED, E Ag., EO, EA

27 Madho Ka Bas P(1), C>10 Al. H >10, MCWC>10 ,PHC (5-10)

W,TW,HP NA NW(>10) FP Chomu (35.0-km)

ED, E Ag.

28 Udgwar P(3), M(1) ,SS(1), C(>10)

Al. H (>10), MCWC>10, PHC >10, CHW(1)

W,TW,HP PO (1),Tel. Con.(1)

NW(>10) PR Chomu (24.0-km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

29 Chhota Gudha P(1), M(1), C(<5) Al. H >10, MCWC>10, PHC>10, CHW(1)

W,TW,HP NA RS,NW(>10) PR Chomu (21.0-km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

30 Nangal Kalan P(2), M(1), C(5-10), AC(1)

Al. H >10, MCWC>10, PHC>10, PHSC(1), CHW(1)

W,TW,HP PO(1) NW(>10) PR Chomu (18.0-km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

31 Raisingh Ka Bas

P(1), C(5-10), AC(1)

Al. H >10, MCWC>10, PHC(5-10)

W,TW,HP NA BS, NW(>10) PR Chomu (18.0-km)

EA, E Ag.

32 Dhodhsar P(5), M(1), SS(1), SSS(1), C(5-10)

Al. H >10, MCWC>10, PHC(5-10), PHSC(1), CHW(1)

T,W,TW,HP PO(1), Tel. Con.(17)

BS, NW(>10) PR Chomu (17.0-km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

33 Nadiya P(2), C>10 Al. H >10, MCWC>10, PHC (5-10)

W,HP NA NW>10 FP Chomu (17.0-km)

EA, E Ag.

34 Singod Khurd P(1), M(1), SS(1), C>10

Al. H (>10), MCWC >10, PHC (5-10), PHSC (1)

T,W,HP Tel. Con.(4)


EA, E Ag.

35 Singod Kalan P(3), M(1), C>10 Al. H >10, MCWC >10, PHC >10, RMP (1)

T,HP PO(1), Tel. Con.(17)


ED, E Ag., EO, EA

36 Chak P(1), Al. H >10, AD (1), W,HP PO(1), Tel. BS<5, RS(5-10), PR,MR,FP Chomu ED, E





S. No.

Name of the Village


Post & Telegraph


Distance, km

Power Supply

Concerned Tehsil

Charanwas M(1),C(>10),O(1) MCWC >10, PHC (5-10)

Con.(1) NW(>10) (20.0-km) Ag., EO, EA

37 Aleesar P(2),M(1),SS(1), C>10,O(1)

Al. H >10, MCWC >10, PHC >10, PHSC (1)

T,W,HP PO(1), Tel. Con.(1)

BS, RS>10, NW>10

PR,MR,FP Chomu (21.0-km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

38 Baga Ka Bas P(1), C>10, O(1) Al. H >10, MCWC >10, PHC <5,


RS >10, NW>10 MR, FP Chomu (21.0-km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA

39 Gadri P(1), C>10 Al. H >10, MCWC (5-10), PHC <5

T,W,HP Yes, Tel. Con.(5)

BS, RS<5, NW>10

PR,MR,FP Kishangarh Renwal (10.0-km)

ED, E Ag., EO, EA


Abbreviations:

Educational Facilities: P-Primary School, M-Middle School, SS-Higher Secondary Schools, SSS- Senior Secondary School

Medical Facilities: CHC- Community Health Centre, PHC-Primary Health Centre, PHSC-Primary Health Sub-Centre, MCWC-Maternity and Child Welfare Centre, H-Hospital, D- Dispensary, FWC-Family Welfare Centre

Drinking Water Facilities: T-Tap Water, W-Well Water, HP-Hand Pump, TW-Tube Well Water, R-River Water, Tk-Tank Water, O-Other Drinking Water Facility

Communication and Transport Facilities: PO-Post Office, SPO-Sub-Post Office, PTO- Post & Telegraph Office, Tel. - Telephone Connection, Mob. - Mobile Phone Coverage, BS-Bus Services, RS-Railways Services

Approach to Village: PR- Paved Roads, KR-Kuchha Road, FP-Foot Path

Power Supply: ED-Power Supply for Domestic use, E Ag. - Power Supply for Agricultural use, EC- Power supply for Commercial use, EA-Electricity for All Purposes

Source-http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/View_data/Village_Profile.aspx





CHAPTER 4 : IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION

4.1. GENERAL

The possible impact on various components of environment due to the proposed CIF

Greenfield project can be assessed in terms of:

• Beneficial or detrimental

• Naturally reversible or irreversible

• Repairable via management practices or irreparable

• Short term or long term

• Temporary or continuous

• Occurring during construction phase or operational phase

• Local, regional, national or global

• Accidental or planned (recognized before hand)

• Direct (primary) or Indirect (secondary)

• Cumulative or single

• Significant

And on;

• Physical

• Biological Environment and

• Demographic and Socio-economic Environment.

For proper assessment of significance and magnitude of environmental changes due to

construction and operational phases of the plant, the impacts are analyzed on the 10 km

radius study area around the proposed plant site for each environmental parameter. Impact

assessment study for the CIF unit is carried out by predicting net contribution of pollutants

(qualitative as well as quantitative) on overall qualitative assessment of various

environmental indicators. Prediction of impacts is an important component in environmental

impact assessment process. Several techniques and methodologies are in vogue for

predicting the impacts due to existing and proposed industrial development on physico-

ecological and socio-economic components of environment. Such predictions delineate

contribution in existing baseline data for the operational project and superimpose over the

baseline (pre-project) status of environmental quality to derive the ultimate (post-project)

scenario of the environmental conditions due to the proposed project. The quantitative

prediction of impacts lead to delineation of suitable environmental management plan needed

This chapter details the inferences drawn from the environmental impact assessment

of the proposed project. It describes the overall impacts of the project activities and

underscores the areas of concern, which need mitigation measures. Predictions have

been done based on the various quantitative and qualitative methods suggested by

MoEF & CC.





for implementation during the construction, commissioning and operational phases of the

proposed project in order to mitigate the adverse impacts on environmental quality.

4.2. CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The activities of proposed Greenfield project will be confined to the project site within the

boundary of Plant complex. The present project activities will not cause any significant loss of

any important flora.

Project falls in the notified RIICO industrial area. There is no land acquisition involved. Land

Belongs to the CIF only. Proposed area for the plant is 3770.0 m². Present land use

/Landcover of the project site (Core area) is Open Shrub Land. So, there will be a Land

use\Landcover change from Open shrub land to Industrial land. It is a Long-Term Land

use/Landcover Impact. There will be no change in the Land use\Landcover outside the Plant

area. There is a River present at about 1.46km (NW) called Mendha River which is

completely dry. There will be no impact on the drainage pattern from the project activities.

There is no vegetation removal from the project site as the project site only has few shrubs.

Impacts on Land use\Landcover are given below for the core area.

• Change in Land Use\Land Cover (Core area) from Open Scrub to Industrial Land.

• Generation of Construction & Hazardous Waste

• Change in Topography due to Excavation

• Disposal of Wastewater on Land

Mitigation Measures

• Change in Land use\Land cover will be for Longer duration

• Top soil generated from various activities like excavation etc. should be stored

and preserved to use it during restoration period as far as possible

• There will be no disposal of wastewater on land (will be sent to existing ETP)

• Hazardous waste generated i.e. used oil, some containers of paints etc. and

others. These wastes are to be safely stored and disposed off as per existing

practices.

• Ensuring that water sprinkling is regularly carried out during construction activities

Emission / Gaseous Pollution

Due to different vehicular movement, construction machineries and project construction

activities (Bulk solids handling), the concentration of air pollutants can be increased. These

pollutants can affect the surrounding vegetation and nearby agricultural crops. There will be

limited construction activities at CIF.

Dust / Fumes (from machineries) Generation

Terrestrial flora can be affected by the dusty/ fumes environment to be created due to

vehicular movement/ machineries during construction phase. Increment in the density of the

dust particles (SPM)/ fumes having Sox/NOx/HC in the atmosphere can affect the

surrounding plant/ vegetation in following ways:

a) Blockage and Damage to Stomata

b) Reduction in Chlorophyll Content





c) Abrasion of Leaf Surface or Cuticle

All these disturbances ultimately affect photosynthesis process and plant metabolism that

leads to reduction in plant growth up to some extent.

Noise Pollution

Noise level of the project area will be increased during construction phase. Although there is

no specific noise-sensitive fauna has been recorded near to project site but limited avifauna

and small animals in the industrial area can be affected by increased noise level. In such

cases they can change their habitat.

Congregation of Labour

Construction activities often require a considerable workforce and associated support

services. The livelihood activities of this increased human population may contribute to local

environmental impacts in terms of collecting firewood and food as well as enhancing

recreational activities.

The impacts during construction phase normally are:

• Detrimental

• Naturally Reversible

• Short term

• Temporary

• Local

• Direct

Mitigation Measures:

Gaseous Pollution

The pollutants (SPM, SOX, NOX and others) in ambient air of the study area are low.

Development of multi-layer plantation (green belt) around the proposed project area will

further help to mitigate gaseous pollution within and around the project area.

Dust Generation

Dust generation during construction period will be managed through: Water spraying on rough roads, on powdery construction materials etc.

Effluent Discharge

There will be a negligible discharge of effluent from the proposed plant due to construction

activities, which will be directly treated inside the plant. Safe guard for rainy season runoff will

be taken to prevent any direct discharge from the plant to nearby water body. As such the

water ecology will not be affected.


The impacts will be managed through:

• No permanent camping in vegetation rich area and riverside

• A provision of fuel for labourers engaged in construction activities

• Restriction on poaching/hunting and removal of any vegetation





Based on the field observations and interaction with local people and forest officials, it was

noticed that the project area is not associated with any National Park/Wildlife

Sanctuary/Conservation Reserve and there is no wildlife migratory routes present in the

project area. Improvement in the green cover under a regular plantation program (Greenbelt

Development Program) will not only increase the plant diversity in the area but also enhance

the habitat for wildlife especially for avifauna.

Operation Phase

4.2.1. Air Environment

The pre-project (baseline) ambient air quality status in the study area indicates that all the

criteria pollutants are well within the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards

(NAAQS) for industrial, residential, rural and other areas.

• To assess the impact of air emissions from various continuous point sources, air

dispersion modelling study has been conducted with the help of ISCST3 (USEPA

dispersion model). Detailed description has been given in the following sub-

sections:

4.2.1.1 Model Details

• Air dispersion modelling can be used to predict atmospheric concentrations of

pollutants at specific locations (receptors) over specific averaging times (i.e.

annual, daily, and hourly). An atmospheric dispersion model accounts for the

emissions from a source; estimates how high into the atmosphere they will go,

how widely they will spread and how far they will travel based on temporal

meteorological data; and outputs the pattern of concentrations that will occur for

various exposure periods, thereby providing the exposure risks for different

receptors.

• In the proposed project, prediction of impacts on air environment has been

carried out employing mathematical model based on a Steady State Gaussian

Plume Dispersion Model designed for multiple point sources for short term. In the

present case, Industrial Source Complex Short-term [ISCST3] dispersion model

based on steady state Gaussian Plume Dispersion, designed for multiple point

sources for short term and developed by United States Environmental Protection

Agency (USEPA) has been used for simulations from point sources.

• The predictions for air quality during operation phase were carried out for

particulate matter less than particulate matter (PM) Hydrogen Chloride (HCl), and

Chlorine (Cl2) concentration using ISCST 3.

• The options used for short-term computations are:

• The plume rise is estimated by Briggs formulae, but the final rise is always limited

to that of the mixing layer

• Stack tip down-wash is not considered

• Buoyancy induced dispersion is used to describe the increase in plume

dispersion during the ascension phase

• Calms processing routine is used by default





• Wind profile exponents is used by default

• Flat terrain is used for computation

• Pollutants do not undergo any physico-chemical transformation

• No pollutant removal by dry deposition

• Universal Transverse Meter (UTM) coordinates have been used for computation

A uniform polar grid was used for the computation and extended to 10 km from the center of

the proposed project. In addition to that, receptors were also placed at the sampling locations

4.2.2. Predicted GLC due to CIF Greenfield Project

The main sources of air pollution due to the operation of the plant are the Boiler, Process

vent and DG stack (during power cut only). The contribution to GLCs for the pollutants i.e.

particulate matter, PM Cl, HCl etc. are predicted from continuous stack (i.e. process stack

only) over the study area proposed project considering the worst scenario. The emission load

from proposed project is given in Table below. The prediction (maximum) is based on the

expected total emission rate from the stack and is given in isopleths Figure 4.1 (A, B, C & D)

for proposed project. The additional contribution to GLC is also given below in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1: Stack Parameters

Stacks Height

(M) Dia (M)

Flow in

Nm³/hr Temp 0C


in mg/Nm3

DG Set–I

(300 KVA) 12 0.2 ---- 150 During Power Failure Only

Process 10 0.2 300 35 PM < 20 CS2 < 05 HCl <20

Table 4.2: Emission Load

Stack Attached to /

Pollutant


mg/Nm3

Flow (Nm3/hr)/

Temp. 0C

Pollution Load

gm/hr gm/s

Process

PM < 20

150/35

6.0 0.001667

Cl2 < 05 1.5 0.000417

HCl <20 6.0 0.001667

4.2.2.1 Meteorological Data

The meteorological data consists of wind speed, direction, temperature, humidity, solar

radiation, cloud cover and rainfall recorded during the months 15th March 2016 to 15th June

2016 by M/s Kamal Enviro & Food Lab Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon-Haryana with EQMS Team,

carried out sampling and testing. Wind speed, wind direction and temperature have been

processed to extract the 24–hour mean meteorological data for application in ISCST3.

4.2.2.2 Receptor Locations

A total of about 186 receptors – 180 receptors of which were generated with a polar grid from

the centre of the proposed project and extended to 10 km. Apart from these receptors, the





sampling locations were also taken into account to assess the incremental load on the

baseline environmental scenario.

4.2.2.3 Summary of Predicted GLC’s

The summary of maximum ground level concentrations (GLC) for the proposed project is listed in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3: Summary of Maximum 24-hour Incremental GLC due to the Proposed Greenfield Project Stacks

Parameters Proposed (µ/m³) Distance (Mt) Direction

CS2 0.012 700 E, SE

HCL 0.0047 800 E, SE

PM 0.0047 700 E, SE

(Source: Modelling output results)

Maximum 24-hourly averages incremental in GLCs of Cl2, HCl and PM due to Greenfield

project during operation phase are predicted and given in Table 4.3. The isopleths of the

pollutant concentration due to the impacts associated with the operation of the proposed

project are shown in Figures 4.1 for PM, HCl and SO2 respectively. Contours of the

incremental GLCs depict that the travel of emissions from the proposed project would be

mainly in SE, quadrant.

Besides the worst GLC (maximum) predictions the GLC incremental at the sensitive

receptors (where the ambient air monitoring was carried out) was also predicted. The

predicted incremental GLC for pollutants are given in underneath Table 4.4.

Table 4.4: Summary of Maximum GLC at Monitoring Locations due to the Proposed Project

Location Code

AAQ Location

Pollutants Baseline

Concentration Max Incremental

GLC (µg/m³)

Total Conc.

(µg/m³)

AQ-1 Near Project Site

PM10 76.0000 0.0047 76.0047

PM2.5 30.0000 0.0000 30.0000

SO2 8.5000 0.0000 8.5000

NOx 15.4000 0.0000 15.4000

CO 0.3100 0.0000 0.3100

VOC <0.1 0.0000 <0.1

Cl2 0.0000 0.0120 0.0120

HCl 0.0000 0.0047 0.0047


PM10 80.0000 0.0047 80.0047

PM2.5 33.0000 0.0000 33.0000

SO2 9.0000 0.0000 9.0000

NOx 17.8000 0.0000 17.8000

CO 0.4400 0.0000 0.4400

VOC <0.1 0.0000 <0.1

Cl2 0.0000 0.0120 0.0120

HCl 0.0000 0.0047 0.0047

AQ-3 Parasrampura

PM10 66.0000 0.0047 66.0047

PM2.5 29.0000 0.0000 29.0000

SO2 8.2000 0.0000 8.2000

NOx 16.3000 0.0000 16.3000





Location Code

AAQ Location

Pollutants Baseline

Concentration Max Incremental

GLC (µg/m³)

Total Conc.

(µg/m³)

CO <0.1 0.0000 <0.1

VOC <0.1 0.0000 <0.1

Cl2 0.0000 0.0120 0.0120

HCl 0.0000 0.0047 0.0047

AQ-4 Garhi

PM10 61.0000 0.0047 61.0047

PM2.5 26.0000 0.0000 26.0000

SO2 7.3000 0.0000 7.3000

NOx 14.2000 0.0000 14.2000

CO 0.2500 0.0000 0.2500

VOC <0.1 0.0000 0.0000

Cl2 0.0000 0.0120 0.0120

HCl 0.0000 0.0047 0.0047

AQ-5 Sargot

PM10 63.0000 0.0047 63.0047

PM2.5 26.0000 0.0000 26.0000

SO2 7.6000 0.0000 7.6000

NOx 15.0000 0.0000 15.0000

CO 0.2600 0.0000 0.2600

VOC <0.1 0.0000 <0.1

Cl2 0.0000 0.0120 0.0120

HCl 0.0000 0.0047 0.0047

AQ-6 Harsolai

PM10 56.0000 0.0047 56.0047

PM2.5 23.0000 0.0000 23.0000

SO2 7.5000 0.0000 7.5000

NOx 16.1000 0.0000 16.1000

CO <0.1 0.0000 <0.1

VOC <0.1 0.0000 <0.1

Cl2 0.0000 0.0120 0.0120

HCl 0.0000 0.0047 0.0047

AQ-7 Sector-16 Ringas

PM10 60.0000 0.0047 60.0047

PM2.5 25.0000 0.0000 25.0000

SO2 9.0000 0.0000 9.0000

NOx 14.8000 0.0000 14.8000

CO 0.3000 0.0000 0.3000

VOC <0.1 0.0000 <0.1

Cl2 0.0000 0.0120 0.0120

HCl 0.0000 0.0047 0.0047

AQ-8 Khatodiya Ki Dhani

PM10 58.0000 0.0047 58.0047

PM2.5 24.0000 0.0000 24.0000

SO2 8.8000 0.0000 8.8000

NOx 16.5000 0.0000 16.5000

CO <0.1 0.0000 <0.1

VOC <0.1 0.0000 <0.1

Cl2 0.0000 0.0120 0.0120

HCl 0.0000 0.0047 0.0047

(Source: Modelling output results with base line)





Discussion of the Cumulative Impacts at Monitoring Locations:

The Maximum total pollution concentration level for Particulate matter (80.007 µg/m³) at AQ-2

RIICO Area near DS Milk Plant, and other pollutant from process is HCl (0.0047 µg/m³),

which are ND (Not detectable) in base line but eliminated from the process. All the pollutants

are well under the prescribed limit.

(Source: Modelling Output)

(A) Isopleth for HCl Incremental GLC due to Proposed Greenfield Project





(Source: Modelling Output)

(C) Isopleth for PM Incremental GLC due to Proposed Greenfield Project

Mitigation Measures

The ambient air quality with respect to air pollutants will change during the operation phase of

the proposed project. However, adequate stack height has been provided for better

dispersion of flue gas as per the guidelines of CPCB. In addition, all process stacks have

been provided with high efficiency scrubbing system to control the emission within norms. In

addition to that, adequate greenbelt will be developed for further control of air pollution.

Compliance with the existing ambient air quality standards will be achieved by process

system selection as outlined above, proper system operation and implementation of the

measures as outlined in EMP. This needs to be coupled with the continuous monitoring of air

pollutants within and around the project site as well as in adjoining areas.

Environmental impacts (AAQ) resulting from proposed project can be grouped into following

Categories:

• Beneficial or detrimental--detrimental

• Naturally reversible or irreversible---Reversible

• Repairable via management practices or irreparable—Repairable to some extent through Green Belt development

• Short term or long term Short term

• Temporary or continuous-- Continuous

• Occurring during construction phase or operational phase—Operation Phase





• Local, regional, national or global--Local

• Accidental or planned (recognized before hand) -- Planned

• Direct (primary) or Indirect (secondary)-- Direct

• Cumulative or single—Single

4.2.3. Measures for fugitive emission

In proposed activities, there will be chances of generation of VOCs, HCL & Cl2 from material

handling area, process area, Volatile chemicals storage area etc. There will be also changes

of generation of PM (Dust) from packing/ finishing area. Unit will adopt following measures-

• Good house-keeping, proper maintenance and continuous observation will prevent the chances of any fugitive emission from the process plant.

• Pakka road make to reduce the fugitive emission. Water sprinkler will be provided to reduce the dusting from road transportation.

• Regular maintenance of valves, pumps and other equipment is done to prevent leakage and thus minimize the fugitive emissions of VOCs.

• Entire process is carried out in the closed reactors with proper maintenance of pressure and temperature.

• Regular periodic monitoring of work area to check the fugitive emission.

• To reduce the pollutant emission during transportation, the unit has adopted the practice of regular check-up and maintenance of vehicular engines for complete combustion of the fuel

4.2.4. Odour Control for Solid Handling

• All solid raw materials shall be charged directly to reactor through special air lock

hopper against slight negative pressure (in water column) so that no odour is

emitted to the environment.

• Solid charging nozzle in reactor shall be projected inside so that it directly falls in

to the liquid media, thereby eliminating carrying over of solid to vapour nozzle.

• Powder transfer system shall also be used where ever applicable to have zero

loss of powder into the atmosphere.

4.2.5. Odour Control for Liquid

• All liquid raw material handled in drum shall be cooled down during summer

before charging so as to minimize its vapour pressure and control of odour.

• Liquid from drums shall be charged in day tank or to reactor with the help of FLP

motorized barrel pump. alternatively, vacuum lock could also be used in day tank

for transfer of liquid from drum (pumping under vacuum). Day tank vent shall be

connected to fume gas scrubber.

• Little or partial handling area is equipped with suction hood which finally connect

with fume scrubber.

• A portable duct connection shall the mounted-on drum vent nozzle to exhaust

fume while opening lid of the drum.





4.3. NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The sources of noise during the operational phase of the plant are mainly from Boilers, air compressors, blowers, pumps, vacuum pumps, ejectors and furnaces and other process equipment. The other sources of noise are the movement of vehicles along the road and DG sets. Moving machineries will be selected with caution as regard to low noise generation as well as low energy consumption.

4.3.1. Impacts due to Transportation

Noise level contributed from increased movement of light medium and heavy vehicles on the roads both within and outside the plant can be considerable depending upon the traffic density. The heavy commercial vehicles traffic is limited depending upon the material receipt and dispatch of products through road transport. The major quantity of pesticides will be dispatched through roads.

4.3.2. Impact on Community

Equivalent sound levels are often used to describe community exposures to noise. Noise survey was also carried out at eight locations outside the plant area but within the study area. The Leq for these areas is found to be well within the prescribed limits promulgated by CPCB.

The noise level norms in villages of study area are being met with respect to the norms of ‘Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise’.

The operation of CIF proposed project will have the noise level but not much exceeding much the present noise level and as such will not have any adverse impact on the human settlement around it. The noise will not be audible beyond its boundary limit, particularly due to natural green belt and other attenuators.


• Noise from the plant is to be limited through:

a. High noise machineries (DG sets etc.) should have acoustic enclosures.

b. Proper / regular maintenance of machineries.

• Regular noise monitoring in work area. Any abnormal noise level to be investigated and noise source attended.

• Green belt development to arrest noise from going outside the plant.

Environmental impacts (Noise) resulting from proposed project can be grouped into following

Categories:

• Beneficial or detrimental--detrimental


• Repairable via management practices or irreparable—Repairable to some extent through Green Belt development


• Temporary or continuous-- Continuous

• Occurring during construction phase or operational phase-Operation Phase






• Accidental or planned (recognized before hand) --Planned

• Direct (primary) or Indirect (secondary)--Direct

• Cumulative or single--Single

4.4. WATER ENVIRONMENT

Impact on water environment due to CIF proposed project scheme will be in terms of additional water consumption {water demand} and waste water / effluent generation and discharge to environment.

4.4.1. Water Demand

Since the CIF proposed project will have water requirement both during construction period as well as during operation phase. The requirement during construction period will be much less.as compared to that during operation and will be met from RIICO water supply.

Water during operational phase is normally required for:

• Process

• Cooling Water

• Boiler Feed Water

• Domestic and Green Belt

Total fresh water requirement is around limited (5 KLD). This shall be met by combination of recovered and recycled water and fresh water. The water balance for the proposed project is as given as in Figure 2.4 in Chapter 2.

4.4.1.1 Effluent Generation and Discharge

Effluent conveyed to effluent treatment plant will be segregated as “High TDS effluent” and

“Low TDS effluent”. The separate treatment will be train provided for both types of effluent.

The effluent generated in the process shall be separated, will be treated in three stage ETP

followed by activated carbon filter.

Total 2 KLD of effluent is expected to be generated from the proposed project. In proposed

Scenario, effluent generated from the facility including proposed Greenfield will be led to

Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP). There will not be any discharge of effluent outside due to

proposed project. ETP details and treatment scheme are given in Chapter 2.

There will not be any discharge of wastewater on the land. Storm water is collected in drains

and released to RIICO drainage system. Hazardous wastes will be stored, managed and

handled as per hazardous and other waste (management and Transboundary Movement)

Rules, 2016. All bulk chemicals and fuel storage areas will be provided with dyke wall / bunds

to eliminate chances of any spillages/ leakages entering into the storm water drain.

No significant adverse impact on the surface and ground water or soil quality is envisaged in

view of the proposed mitigative measures.


• Water consumption to be controlled though eliminating / reducing any water wastage-leakages/spillage.





a. Process control

• Regular monitoring of effluent sources to ETP will show process conditions and deviation from optimum water consumption.

• ETP – performance for maximum recycle of treated water.

Environmental impacts (Water) resulting from proposed project can be grouped into following

Categories:

• Beneficial or detrimental-- detrimental


• Repairable via management practices or irreparable--Repairable to some extent


• Temporary or continuous

• Occurring during construction phase or operational phase--Operation Phase


• Accidental or planned (recognized before hand) --Planned

• Direct (primary) or Indirect (secondary)--Direct

• Cumulative or Single

4.5. LAND ENVIRONMENT

The hazardous waste is generated at various stages of the manufacturing activity. The mode

of disposal is mentioned for each category of waste as per hazardous wastes (management,

handling and transboundary movement) rules, 2008. Hazardous wastes will be stored at

earmarked area with impervious flooring, shed and spillage/ leakage collection system to

eliminate rainwater contamination, chances of overflow / spillages going on to the land and

thus land/ soil contamination. CIF propose to dispose off hazardous wastes to TSDF site in

Udaipur. Most of the hazardous waste will be collected and sent /will be disposed off to TSDF

site.

4.5.1. Land Diversion

CIF project is being located in the RIICO industrial area and as such no diversion of land

from other uses is involved.

4.5.2. Land Deterioration

The hazardous waste is generated at various stages of the manufacturing activity. The mode

of disposal is mentioned for each category of waste as per hazardous wastes (management,

handling and transboundary movement) rules, 2008.

Hazardous wastes will be stored at earmarked area with impervious flooring, shed and

spillage/ leakage collection system to eliminate rainwater contamination, chances of overflow

/ spillages going on to the land and thus land/ soil contamination. CIF propose to dispose-off

hazardous wastes to TSDF site in Udaipur.

Most of the hazardous waste will be collected and sent /will be disposed-off to TSDF site.

4.6. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT





4.6.1. Flora

The CIF proposed project will have limited highly controlled emission (through scrubbers).

The emission (if any) will not adversely affect the flora in the study area. The limited treated

effluents generated will be recycled back in the process and is not going to adversely affect

the flora.

CIF is going to develop green belt in and around the plant. The development of green belt

provides habitat, food and breeding areas to birds. The green belt will attenuate the little

emission and noise from the plant.

4.6.2. Fauna

The cattle and birds living around the CIF proposed plant area are not going to be affected,

as the impact due to the plant is controlled and limited.

4.6.3. CREP Guidelines

In addition, CIF as, good corporate citizen committed to abide by CREP guide lines for

pesticide industry as give below:

The guidelines enunciated by CPCB are very helpful to mitigate environment pollution,

improve human health and benefit of cost savings by cutting cost of valuable solvent by

efficient recovery system. We (CIF) will adopt all the guidelines as stated here under.

Table 4.5: CREP Guidelines Compliance

S. No. CREP Point CIF Compliance

1 Segregation waste streams: Waste streams should be segregated into COD waste, toxic waste, low COD waste, inorganic waste etc., for the purpose of providing appropriate treatment.

Waste streams will be segregated and treated in separately.

2 Detoxification and treatment of high COD waste streams: Streams should be detoxified and treated in ETP or thermally destroyed in incinerator, as per CPCB guidelines. The waste streams should be treated suitably before taking to evaporation ponds.

CIF will have three stage ETP followed by RO system. All the treated effluents will be recycled in the process.

3 Improvement in solvent recovery: – Solvent recovery should be improved and attempts should be made to achieve at least 90% recovery wherever possible. – Rest of the solvents which cannot be recovered shall be incinerated.

CIF is not using solvents

4 Hazardous air pollutant control: – For air pollution control from processes, scrubber efficiency will be improved and maintained as per the best practicable technology for control of CI2, Bromine and VOCs. – An incinerator will be installed, where necessary.

Installed high efficiency scrubber and stacks for reducing the Air pollution. Stack emissions are well within the prescribed limits.

5 Control of fugitive emissions/ VOCs: For control of fugitive emissions (particularly for hazardous air pollutions). The industries will adopt standard engineering practices. System of leak detection

LDAR system will be followed to prevent any liquid/vapour leakages.





4.7. SOCIO – ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

CIF proposed project will generate employment opportunities some through direct

employment and more so indirectly through services for the plant. Pesticides manufactured

by CIF proposed plant are indirectly going to contribute food grain availability by preventing

loss due to insects (to crop) and rodents (during storage) etc.

• CIF project will have some impacts also on socio – economic environment of the study area- some are as given below:

• Proposed project will result in handling of product and raw material, which will increase manpower requirement at various stages directly, or indirectly resulting in more income of people.

• CIF project would increase requirement from ancillary and auxiliary industries in the vicinity.

• With more load on infrastructure facilities – roads and rails; these facilities would need improvement.

• More income to Government through more taxes on higher amount of production.

4.8. INFRASTRUCTURE

The project located on four lanes NH-11(Agra-Bikaner-Jaipur) highway with designed PCU of

40000 per day. The count traffic load is more 10000 per day with peak local traffic of about

716 PCU (7-9 AM & 4-6 PM). The likely increase of traffic due to project is expected to

and repair (LDAR) program especially for solvents should be developed industries.

6 Upgrade of incinerators: Incinerators will be upgraded to meet CPCB norms hazardous waste incinerators. This is necessary for Halogenated compound and POPs.

NA

7 Replacement of Bio Assay test by toxicity Factor: The present bio-assay test will be replaced by Toxicity Factor test method developed by CPCB. Toxicity factor of four (TF-4) will be achieved and industries will improve their system to achieve TF- 2. TF test method will be implemented by PCBs/CPCB/ MoEF. The CPCB will organize workshops on “Toxicity Factor” for industry.

Complied

8 Minimum scale of production to afford cost of pollution load: To be decided, as industries view point is that this cannot be done as few products are costly and made in small volume. The matter will be studied in detail by MoEF/ CPCB.

Complied

9 Non-complying Units (as identified by SPCB) should meet the notified standards

Not Applicable

10 Bank guarantee to be submitted to SPCB by Non-complying units: The submissions from pesticides industry regarding speedy clearance and other will be considered by MoEF/CPCB for examination.

Not Applicable





maximum 2 to 3 trucks per day, which will not cause any additional traffic impact on the road

condition. Currently the traffic scenario and road design level are movement of material shall

be insuring follows central motor vehicle act 1989 & Hazardous waste (management,

Handling, and Trans-Boundary Movement) rules 2008 and their amendment.





CHAPTER 5 : ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN & ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Prediction of the potential adverse environmental and social impacts arising from

development interventions is at the technical heart of EIA process. An equally essential

element of this process is to develop measures to eliminate, offset, or reduce impacts to

acceptable levels during implementation and operation of projects. The integration of such

measures during project implementation and operation is supported by clearly defining the

environmental impact elements and required measures as mentioned in Environmental

Management Plan (EMP).

Normally, potential impacts are identified early during the initiation of project, and

measures to avoid or minimize impacts are incorporated into the alternatives being

considered. In this respect, some of the most important measures to protect the

environment and local communities become integral to the project design, and may not be

reflected in a formal EMP.

CIF by way of EIA study propose to identify all the likely potential impacts, collect data

information and incorporate all the measures necessary to avoid or minimize impacts on

surrounding environment. It is desirable to collect even such information in the EMP to

facilitate better assessment and communication as well as improve the systems and

technologies to improve mitigation for environmental components having moderate

residual impacts.

5.2 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

Overall objective of EMP:

• Prevention: Measures aimed at impeding the occurrence of identified negative environmental impacts and/or preventing such an occurrence having harmful environmental impacts.

• Preservation: Preventing any future actions that might adversely affect an environmental resource or attribute.

• Minimization: Limiting or reducing the degree, extent, magnitude, or duration of adverse impacts.

EMP for CIF to manufacture technical grade pesticides considers the following aspects:

• Summary of the potential impacts of the proposal

• Description of the recommended mitigation measures

• Statement of their compliance with relevant standards

• Allocation of resources and responsibilities for plan implementation

• Schedule of the actions to be taken

• Program for surveillance, monitoring and auditing

• Contingency plan when impacts are greater than expected





Institutional framework includes the responsibilities for environmental management as well as responsibilities for implementing environmental measures.

5.2.1 Air Environment

The Potential impacts due to air pollution /emission from CIF proposed Greenfield project shall be in two stages mainly:

• Construction stage.

• Commissioning and operation stage.

Construction Stage Impacts:

Construction activity is limited only to the project site and for limited period only and hence

unlikely to cause any change in the ambient air quality around the proposed project. The

main air pollutants during construction stages are:

• Dust due to powdery construction materials, movement of vehicles/ personnel on un-metalled roads etc.

• Emission from construction machinery / vehicles/DG sets etc.

Key steps to control / limit the air pollution are:

• Dust Pollution: Sprinkling water on roads, covering the solid / powder material heaps during transportation and storage etc. should be followed.

• All automotive machineries (vehicles and other equipment) should be regularly checked for limits. If exhaust going beyond limits, the machine is to be attended.

Commissioning and Operation Stage Impacts:

Process emissions from the stacks at both the stages depend on two key parameters:

• Input raw materials and other inputs materials quality

• Scrubbing system

• Operational key parameters

In order to keep the process stack’s emissions within limits following key steps are proposed:

o Regular checking of input materials quality.

o Regular checking of all scrubbing system including scrubbing media (acid / alkali concentration)

o Keep check on all key operational parameters.

Fugitive Emissions: Following measures are recommended:

• Fugitive dust emissions: Keep check while handling solid / liquid raw materials/products

• All volatile raw materials should be carefully handled; Vessels storing these should always be covered.

• The control measures (through proper up keep / maintenance) and good housekeeping will considerably reduce the fugitive emission.

• Powdery Materials and ash should be transported in covered trucks,

• Leakages {of gases / liquids/ dust} should be checked and promptly attended.

Program for Surveillance, Monitoring & Auditing





• All Stacks: Regular Monitoring of stacks for key pollutants—In house laboratory as well as external accredited laboratory.

o Frequency--In House Laboratory – as per process requirement

o Frequency--External Laboratory-As per SPCB / MoEF (RO) requirement/ advice.

• Fugitive--Shop floor AAQ monitoring of air pollutants SOx, NOx, Cl2, HCl, HC and SPM should be regularly carried out---- Weekly

• Regular monitoring of shop floor environment is to be carried out to control the fugitive emission as well as shop floor safety.

Auditing: Regular monitoring records also indicate the development of process conditions/ deteriorations as regard to plant operation status/ plant emissions. Minor process leakages are indicated in Shop floor monitoring.

5.2.2 Water Environment

The Potential impacts due to Water / Effluents from CIF proposed Greenfield project shall be in two stages mainly:

• Construction stage.

• Commissioning and operation stage.


The water required in the above activities will be limited only. Moreover, this requirement

will be irregular and limited to construction phase only and hence no impact is envisaged

during construction phase. The domestic wastewater generated from the sanitation facility

will be treated in specipc tank followed by soak pits constructed temporalily at site and

hence no impact is envisaged. Key steps to limit the likely impacts are:

• Control water consumption by checking water spillage; open taps and leakages.

• Vehicle washings.

Commissioningand operation stage Impacts:

Proposed project will be having modern three stages ETP followed by RO system total

recycle of treated effluent and adhering to “Zero Effluent” policy. Following measures are

proposed for controlling water pollution and resource conservation:

• Keep checks on all process parameters to prevent abnormal conditions resulting in sudden process release. Any sudden process liquid release due to disturbance should be collected and stored. The process liquid should be recycled (if possible). In worst case (if not possible to recycle) it should be released to ETP in control manner not to disturb the treated effluent quality.

• Keep check on all process parameters to maintain process effluent quality to discharge into ETP.

• CIF should install three or more piezo metric wells at selected places (one near treated effluent pond) to see and check the ground water contamination.

• Water is a precious commodity and it should be conserved.

• Rainwater harvesting should be taken up at different places (not in the plant).

Program for Surveillance, Monitoring and Auditing

• Fresh Water quality: should be monitored as per requirement (once a day).





• ETP Inlet / Outlet: Regular Monitoring of ETP inlet / outlet water to monitor ETP performance.

• Frequency-In House Laboratory – as per process requirement

• Frequency- External Laboratory - As per SPCB / MoEF (RO) requirement/ advice.

• Plant & Storm Water Drains: Monitor/ keep watch that the storm water & plant drains are dry (except rainy season). If water is there check its source. Monitor the water quality to confirm the source. Transfer the water to ETP if polluted.

Auditing: Regular monitoring record also indicates the development of process conditions/ deteriorations as regard to effluents are concerned. Minor process leakages are indicated in plant drains monitoring.

5.2.2.1 Rain Water Harvesting

Rain Water Harvesting is a method of utilizing rain water for domestic and agricultural use

is already widely used throughout the world. It is a method which has been used since

ancient times and is increasingly being accepted as a practical method of providing

potable water in development projects throughout the world. Improve the ground water in

Industrial area is one of the main problems which is being faced by developed countries of

the world. In Industrial area, charging of underground water in natural way like rural areas

is not taking place due to large sprawl of Industrial activities.

But it is feasible by injecting the water by percolating wells. To considering the Industrial

area and various types of activities may contaminate the rain water, recharging the rain

water by injecting the rain water to underground aquifers is not advisable. Unit will partial

reuse the rain water collects from rooftop during the rainy season.

CIF realizes the importance of rainwater harvesting however it will be prudent that rain

water harvesting is not taken up in CIF plant area. This is because if some hazardous dust

(in spite of all possible precautions) gets mixed with rainwater and enter the ground water

and the ground water will get contaminated. If desired, CIF may do rain water harvesting

at alternate place with due approval from authorities.

5.2.3 Land Environment

CIF proposed Greenfield project is within the RIICO Industrial area. Hence no land use change is there.


During construction stage top soil generated from various activities like excavation etc. will

be stored and preserved to use it during restoration period as far as possible. There will be

no disposal of wastewater on land (will be sent to ETP). There will be limited amount of

hazardous waste generated i.e. used oil, some containers of paints etc. and others. These

wastes are to be safely stored and disposed off as per existing practices.

Commissioningand operation stage Impacts:

Adverse impact on land during Operation stage can be due to contact with effluents, hazardous wastes and large amount of fugitive dust. It is essential to keep a check on these adverse sources.






The surveillance and monitoring of soil in around plant boundaries indicates land health. In addition, three sources of land deterioration are as follows:

• Soil: Regular soil analysis within the plant (three places; once a quarter) and three locations outside the plant to see the soil/ land health.

• Water: CIF is ‘Zero Effluent’ plant, which rules out possibility of effluent release on land and its deterioration. However, to keep check on accidental release following measures are suggested:

o Keeps all plant operating parameters on check to avoid abnormal conditions of process water release.

o Always keep a tank of sufficient capacity (considering plant vessel size etc.) empty to store such water.

o Release these effluents gradually to Process or ETP, treat them and recycle in the plant.

• Hazardous Waste and other Solid Waste: All existing plant and additional hazardous waste due to Greenfield project will be collected and sent to TSDF site.

o Keep a check on HW waste spillage during collection, transportation and storage.

o In case of spillage, measures to be taken to restore the spillage area in original status.

• Fugitive Dust: Raw materials/ products and some other chemical mix are likely settle around the plant site and affect the soil.

o All likely sources of fugitive vapours emission should be regularly observed and blocked (if open).

o Shop floor monitoring for PM and other chemical emission to be done; Source of generation to be checked for such emission and blocked.

Auditing: Soil analysis record indicates soil health and any deterioration from original

conditions. Needful action to be taken after confirming the source of chemicals. Regular

ETP and plant area fugitive dust/other chemicals monitoring records also indicates the

development of process conditions/ deteriorations as regard to effluent and fugitive

material are concerned. Preventive actions to check the AAQ deterioration keeps the

plant area healthy as well stops land deterioration.

5.2.4 Noise Environment

The statutory national standards for noise levels at the plant boundary and at residential

areas near the plant are being and are to be met. In addition, noise level within the plant

boundary is to be within limits.


Construction activity is limited only to the project site and for limited period only and hence unlikely to cause any change in the noise levels around the proposed project. Key steps to control / limit the air pollution are:

• All automotive machineries (Vehicles, DG sets, Construction machinery and other equipment) should be regularly checked for noise levels. Noisy equipment is to be attended or discarded. Workers exposed to high noise level shall be provided with ear plugs. Site barrication and job rotation will be carried





out for workers, working hours will be restricted to day hours only, Dg sets will be provided with acoustic enclosures, temporary green belt development, honking and speed limit shall be restricted, Usage of well maintained construction equipment meeting theregulatory standards


During commissioning and plant operation, noise from critical equipment is regularly observed (as noise is an indicator of equipment health). Noise suppression measures such as acoustic enclosures / cabins, buffers and / or protective measures are be provided (wherever noise level is around +80 dB (A) and exposure limits to workers is likely to be more than 8 hours a day) to limit noise levels within occupational exposure limits. Areas with high noise levels are to be identified and segregated where possible and will include prominently displayed caution boards.

• Use of suitable muffler systems/enclosures/sound-proof glasspanelling on heavy equipment/pumps/blowers.

• Pumps and blowers may be mounted on rubber pads or any other noise absorbing materials

• Placement of equipments emitting high noise in an orientation that directs the noise away from sensitive receptors

• Periodic maintenance of equipments/repalcing whenevernecessary/lubrication of rotating parts, etc.

• Performance specifications for noise represent a way to insure the procured item is controlled

• Use of ear protective devices

The green belt around the plant to attenuate the noise level but instead of block plantation there should be variability in tree height and shape, as this would disperse the sound waves more efficiently. Plant that attenuate should be planted at the noise zone.


Regular (quarterly) noise monitoring is to be carried out in selected plant areas and records are to be maintained.

Auditing: Regular monitoring record also indicates the development of process conditions/ deteriorations as regard to plant equipment and also process. In case of some abnormal increase in noise level nearby plant equipment are to be checked for noise source and corrective steps taken.

5.2.5 Biological Environment


Construction activity is limited only to the project site and for limited period only. Some of the existing green belt (other than plant boundary trees) may have to be shifted or cut in order to facilitate construction activities. However compensatory plantations are to be immediately carried out.


Green belt is an important barrier to attenuate / arrest noise and fugitive pollution.

Greenbelt area of about 1244.1 M2 which constitutes about 33% of the total area of 3770 M2 is proposed.





The following activities are proposed under the management plan to mitigate/minimize the pressure on present bio-resources.

• Plantation of Native Plant Species

• Plantation of Medicinal Value Plant Species

• Plantation of Dust Tolerant and Sound Receptor Plant Species

• Plantation of Fruit Species to enhance the Food Availability for Wildlife

All the above mention activities can be achieved through greenbelt development by using useful plant species.

Greenbelt Development

The greenbelt will be developed under proposed project areas with the strip of plants along

the roadside and around power plant area. The goal of development of greenbelt is to

maximize both ecological functionality and scenic beauty of the area. The selected species

will be indigenous and should have dust & noise tolerant, enhance aesthetics and develop

a habitat for wildlife. A plantation of sound and dust receptor as well as aesthetically

valuable species is proposed which will help in reduction of pollution (both atmospheric &

noise), reduction of stress and beautification of the area. Hardiness, longevity, a minimum

of wind through and breakage, attractiveness and minimal maintenance requirement are

some qualities of species which are to be taken into consideration during selection.

Municipal solid waste generated during construction period & during operation period, as

well as from STP will be vermi-composted and used as manure for green belt

development. Greenbelt would be developed in the form of plantation around the Project

area, Roadside plantation, and Avenue plantation in adjacent vacant land. By reviewing

the various literatures and Central Pollution Control Board guideline for greenbelt

development, following plant species has been chosen for greenbelt development listed in

Table 5.1.

Table 5.1: List of Plant Species to be planted

Scientific Name Family Habit/ Height Evergreen Deciduous

Crown Shape

Acacia catechu Mimoseae Tree, 5m E Oblong

Anogeissus pendula Combretaceae Tree E Oblong

Azadirachta indica Mileaceae Tree, 20m E Spreading

Bauhinia racemosa Caesalpinaceae Tree, 5m D Oblong

Bougainvillea spectabillis Nyctagianceae Shrub, 8 m E Oblong

Emblica officinalis Euphorbaeceae Tree, 5m D Oblong

Muraya paniculata Rutaceae Shrub, 3m E Round

Nerium indicum Apocyanaceae Shrub, 5m E Round

Prosopis cineraria Mimosideae Tree, 10 m E Spreading

Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Tree, 20m E Oblong

Tamarindus indica Caesapinaceae Tree 20 m E Round

Lantana camara Verbeniaceae Shrub, 2 m E Round

Dalbergia latifolia Fabacea Tree, 15 m D Spreading

Melia azidarch Mileaceae Tree, 15 m D Spreading

Delonix regia Fabaceae Tree, 20 m D Spreading

Pongamia pinnata Fabacea Tree, 15 m E Round





Financial Provisions

Financial provisions for the proposed green belt development and forestation plan are as

follows:

Table 5.2: Capital Expenditure on Greenbelt Development

Particulars Amount, Rs. (Lacs)

Fees of experts/consultants for detailed work planning 0.75

Trenching & conditioning @ Rs 1,00,000/ per hectare 0.43

Plantation of trees during 1st year @ Rs 2,00,000 per hectare 0.87

Plantation of trees during 2nd year @ Rs 50,000 per hectare 0.21

Plantation of trees during 3rd year @ Rs20,000 per hectare 0.086

Total 2.36

Table 5.3: Revenue Expenditure (Annual) on Greenbelt Development

Particulars Amount, Rs. (Lacs)

Contract workers, 1 persons @ Rs300/- per day 0.75

Contingency and unforeseen expenses 0.5

Total 1.25


Biannual monitoring of green belt as regard to health of all plantations (trees, shrubs, lawns etc.) is to be carried out. Watch is to be kept on all new plantations for their growth.

5.2.6 Socio-economic Environment


Construction activity is limited only to the project site and for limited period only.


During construction phase 25 manpower will be required per day. During Operation stage around 20 to 25 manpower will be required at various levels.

Operation Stage Impacts:

CSR Activities

• As a good corporate citizen and industry in the area CIF may consider adopting few more selected villages in developing them as model villages.

• The Entrepreneur Social Responsibility will be fulfilled with the Capital Cost of Rs. 6.0 Lacs and a Recurring cost of Rs. 60.0 Thousand for the local area development.

• The CSR activities will be identified with the need-based assessment during the Social area survey. CIF shall finalise the study and start carrying out CSR activities in coordination with district authorities.

5.2.7 Charter on Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP)

CIF has adopted the Charter on Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP). The compliance of recommendation by charter for pesticides industries has been presented in detail in Chapter 4.

5.2.8 Environmental Management Cell





CIF will have an environment management cell headed by a senior executive supported by Manager (EC) and other supporting staff. The laboratory is equipped with necessary sophisticated instruments including:

• Gas Chromatographs

• Spectrophotometers

• pH Meter

• Conductivity Meters

• Turbidity Meters

• Online ambient air monitoring stations – at three locations

• Online effluent monitoring station at final discharge point for Ph, Ammonia, etc.

• Online stack monitoring station at Reformer and NG/PA stacks for NOx and

SOx etc.

• Online meteorological station – at one location

• Flame photometers

• MSA meters

• Loviband comparator

• Oven

• BOD incubator

• Refrigerator

• Furnace

• Jar test apparatus

• Distillation assembly for determination of COD

• Gas flow meters

• BOD bottles

A team of well-trained and experienced staff carries out tests in the laboratory.

5.2.9 Environmental Monitoring Plan

CIF is carrying out environment monitoring and has necessary equipment and associated facilities. Regular monitoring of operating / plant area for fugitive dust/chemicals, noise, and inspection for any spillage of process fluids/ hazardous waste/ housekeeping is to be carried out.

However, monitoring plan proposed is as follows:

Table 5.4: Environmental Monitoring Program

Discipline Location Parameter Frequency Remarks

Meteorology One Temp. {max.; min.}; Relative humidity; Rain

Daily Being complied





Discipline Location Parameter Frequency Remarks

fall; Wind speed and direction.

Ambient Air Quality

Five HCl, HC,Cl2, SOx; Particulate matter (with pesticide compounds)

Twice a week Parameters as applicable /as per products being manufactured

Stack Emission

All continuous

stacks

HCl, CS2, SOx; NOx; Particulate matter (with pesticide compounds; As per stack design)

Once a week; Parameters as applicable /as per products being manufactured

Effluents Final Treated effluents

As per process / plant requirement

Once a day. Parameters as applicable /as per products being manufactured

Ground Water Quality (Four peizometric wells)

Four peizometric wells

Pesticides- etc. [in association with SPCB]

Quarterly Parameters as applicable /as per products being manufactured

Noise Plant area &periphery

Day & Night time noise level

Monthly Parameters as applicable /as per products being manufactured

Work area monitoring

Plant area &periphery

As per prescribed standard

Monthly Parameters as applicable /as per products being manufactured

Health Check Up

All Plant Personnel

Diseases related to pesticides

Annually -





CHAPTER 6 : RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1 INTRODUCTION

Industrial plants deal with materials, which are generally hazardous in nature by virtue of their intrinsic chemical properties or their operating temperatures or pressures or a combination of these. Fire, explosion, toxic release or combinations of these are the hazards associated with industrial plants using hazardous chemicals. More comprehensive, systematic and sophisticated methods of Safety Engineering, such as, Hazard Analysis and Quantitative Risk Assessment have now been developed to improve upon the integrity, reliability and safety of industrial plants.

The primary emphasis in safety engineering is to reduce risk to human life, property and environment. Some of the more important methods used to achieve this are:

➢ Quantitative Risk Analysis: Provides a relative measure of the likelihood and severity of various possible hazardous events by critically examining the plant process and design.

➢ Work Safety Analysis: The technique discerns whether the plant layout and operating procedures in practice have any inherent infirmities.

➢ Safety Audit: Takes a careful look at plant operating conditions, work practices and work environments to detect unsafe conditions.

Together, these three broad tools attempt to minimize the chances of accidents occurring. Yet, there always exists, no matter how remote, probability of occurrence of a major accident. If the accident involves highly hazardous chemicals in sufficiently large quantities, the consequences may be serious to the plant, to surrounding areas and the populations residing therein.

6.2 RISK ASSESSMENT

A three ‘levels’ risk assessment approach has been adopted for the M/s CIF proposed greenfield project to be set up at E-23A, SKS Industrial Area, Reengus, Dist. Sikar, Rajasthan. The risk assessment levels are generally consistent with the practices encountered through various assignments for medium and large chemical complexes. The brief outline of the three-tier approach is given below:

➢ Level 1 – Risk Screening

This is top-down review of worst- case potential hazards/risks, aimed primarily at identifying plant sites or areas within plant, which pose the highest risk. Various screening factors considered include:

• Inventory of hazardous materials;

• Hazardous Materials properties;

• Storage conditions (e.g. temperature and pressure);

• Location sensitivity (distance to residential areas / populace).

This chapter details risks associated with the project activities and storage of hazardous chemicals





The data / information is obtained from plant. The results provide a relative indication of the extent of hazards and potential for risk exposure.

➢ Level 2 – Major Risk Survey (Semi - Quantitative)

The survey approach combines the site inspection with established risk assessment

techniques applied both qualitative as well quantitative mode. The primary objective is to

identify and select major risks at a specific location in the plant considering possible soft

spots / weak links during operation / maintenance. Aspects covered in the risk usually

include:

• Process Hazards;

• Process Safety Management Systems;

• Fire Protection and Emergency response equipment and programs.

• Security Vulnerability;

• Impact of hazards consequences (equipment damage, business interruption, injury, fatalities);

• Qualitative risk identification of scenarios involving hazardous materials;

• Risk reduction measures.

Selection of critical scenarios and their potential of damage provide means of prioritising mitigative measures and allocate the resources to the areas with highest risks.

➢ Level 3 – Quantitative Risk Assessment (Deterministic)

This is the stage of assessment of risks associated with all credible hazards (scenarios) with potential to cause an undesirable outcome such as human injury, fatality or destruction of property. The four basic elements include:

i. Hazards identification utilising formal approach (Level 2, HAZOP etc.);

ii. Frequency Analysis. Based on past safety data (incidents / accidents); Identifying likely pathway of failures and quantifying the toxic / inflammable material release;

iii. Hazards analysis to quantify the consequences of various hazards scenarios (fire, explosion, BLEVE, toxic vapour release etc.). Establish minimum value for damage (e.g. IDLH, over pressure, radiation flux) to assess the impact on environment.

iv. Risk Quantification: Quantitative techniques are used considering effect / impact due to weather data, population data, and frequency of occurrences and likely hood of ignition / toxic release. Data are analysed considering likely damage (in terms of injury / fatality, property damage) each scenario is likely to cause.

QRA provides a means to determine the relative significance of a number of undesired

events, allowing analyst and the team to focus their risk reduction efforts where they will be

beneficial most.

CIF shall manufacture pesticides chemicals at the proposed site. Table inChapter 2 gives

the list of raw materials. Solid raw materials are stored in ware house while liquid and

gaseous raw materials are stored in tank farms and covered area. The list of bulk liquid

storages of raw materials is as given below:





Table 6.1: Liquid/Gaseous Bulk Storages

S. No. Material Storage Quantity Remarks 1 DMA (Dimethyl Amine 40%) 10 KL Storage tank

2 Caustic Lye 5 Kl Tank

3 Sulphuric Acid 5 Kl Tank

4 Carbon Disulphide 5 KL Tank

5 Hydrogen Peroxide 5 KL Tank

6.3 RISK SCREENING APPROACH

Proposed Plant: Risk screening of CIF proposed project was undertaken through data /

information provided by CIF. Data of major / bulk storages of raw materials, intermediates

and other chemicals were collected. MSDS of hazardous chemicals were studied vis a vis

their inventories and mode of storage. CIF plant will be using number of hazardous

chemicals and also producing pesticides chemicals – all hazardous in nature. The chemicals

stored in bulk (liquid or gaseous) and defined under MSHIC Rule will be considered for

detailed analysis.

Hazardous materials have been defined under MSIHC Rules (1989) - 2 (e) which means.

(i) Any chemical which satisfies any of the criteria laid down in Part I of Schedule I and is listed in Column 2 of Part II of this Schedule;

• Toxic Chemicals: Chemicals having the following values of acute toxicity and which owing to their physical and chemical properties, are capable of producing major accident hazards:

S. No

Toxicity Oral Toxicity

LD50 (mg/kg)

Dermal Toxicity

LD50 (mg/kg)

Inhalation Toxicity

LC50 (mg/l)

Remarks

1 Extremely Toxic >5 < 40 < 0.5

2 Highly Toxic >5 – 50 > 20 – 200 < 0.5 – 2.0

3 Toxic >50 - 200 > 200 - 1000

> 2 – 10

Flammable Chemicals:

(i) Flammable Gases; 20 0C and at standard pressure of 101.3 KPa are:

• Ignitable when in a mixture of 13% or less by volume with air, or;

• Have a flammable range with air of at least 12% points regardless of the lower flammable limits.

(ii) Extremely Flammable Liquids: chemicals which have a flash point lower than or equal to 23 0C and the boiling point less than 35 0C;

(iii) Very Highly Flammable Liquids: chemicals which have a flash point lower than or equal to 23 0C and the boiling point higher than 35 0C;

(iv) Highly Flammable Liquid: Chemicals, which have a flash point lower than or equal to 60 0C but higher than 23 0C.

(v) Flammable Liquids: chemicals, which have a flash point higher than 60 0C but lower than 90 0C.





Explosives: Explosive means a solid or liquid or pyrotechnics substance (or a mixture of substances) or an article.

a) Which is in itself capable by chemical reaction of producing gas at such a temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to cause damage to surroundings;

b) Which is designed to produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas or smoke or a combination of these as the result of non-detonative self-sustaining exothermic chemical reaction.

i. any chemical listed in Column 2 of Schedule 2;

ii. any chemical listed in Column 2 of Schedule 3;

Table 6.2: Hazardous Analysis Raw Materials Stored in Bulk

S. No

Material S. No & Threshold Quantity (TQ in Kg) as

per MSHIC Rules

Chemicals Hazards Potential Remarks

Schedule-1,

Part-II

Schedule-2, Part-I

Schedule-3,

Part-I

Hazards Toxic

1. Dimethyl Amine (40%) CAS No:124-40-3 (Pure DMA) Liquid with strong odour

--- Very hazardous in case of ingestion, of inhalation. Hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant).

Acute toxicity Oral-(LD50): Mouse) Vapor (LC50): 11350 ppm 4 hour(s) (Rat) (Calculated value for the mixture).

Flammable. NFPA: Health: 3 Flammability: 4 Reactivity: 0

2. Sodium Hydroxide CAS No: 1310-730-2 UN No: 1823

571 Not flammable; Corrosive to metals and tissue. Hazardous.

ERPG-1: 0.5 ppm ERPG-2: 5.0 ppm ERPG-3: 50 ppm IDLH: ---- ppm

3. Sulphuric Acid CAS No: 7664-93-9 UN No: 1830

591 Flammability: Will not burn Health Hazard: Extremely hazardous - use full protection; Reactivity: Violent chemical change possible

ERPG-1: 2.0 mg/m3

ERPG-2: 10 mg/m3 ERPG-3: 30 mg/m3 IDLH: 15 mg/m3

4. Carbon Disulphide CAS No: 75-15-0

110 16 TQ-1: 10MT TQ-2: 200 MT

107 TQ-1: 20MT TQ-2:

200 MT

Colourless Flammable liquid; BP:46.3 0C

ORAL (LD50): Acute: 3188 mg/kg [Rat]. 2780 mg/kg [Mouse]. VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 12500 ppm 4 hour(s) [Rat].

Extremely hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Very hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator).

5. Hydrogen Peroxide (50%) (H2 O2) CAS No: 7732-18-5

318 Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant). Hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, permeator), of eye contact (corrosive),

ORAL (LD50): Acute: 6667mg/kg [Mouse]. DERMAL (LD50) Acute: 6667 mg/kg 4060 mg/kg [Rat]. VAPOR





S. No

Material S. No & Threshold Quantity (TQ in Kg) as

per MSHIC Rules

Chemicals Hazards Potential Remarks

Schedule-1,

Part-II

Schedule-2, Part-I

Schedule-3,

Part-I

Hazards Toxic

of ingestion, Slightly hazardous in case of inhalation (lung sensitizer). Liquid or spray mist may produce tissue damage particularly on mucous membranes of eyes, mouth and respiratory tract. Skin contact may

(LC50): Acute: 2000 mg/m 4 hours [Rat].

Table 6.3: Hazard Analysis - Products

S. No.

Material S. No. & Threshold Quantity (TQ in MT) as per MSHIC Rules

Hazards Potential Remarks

Schedule- 1, Part-II

Schedule-2, Part-I

Schedule-3, Part-I

Hazards Toxic DT->---mg/Kg; OT----mg/Kg; IT----mg/l; (Rats)

1. Thiram AG-98%; C6H12N2S4. CAS No:137-26-8 UN No: 3077

----

---- ---- Granular solid ColorLight brown OdorCaramel-like Thermal decomposition may produce: Carbon disulfide Oxides of carbon. Oxides of nitrogen. Oxides of sulfur.

DT->2400; OT-1080; IT-4.42; [T] (Rats)

May be irritating to respiratory system, skin and eyes. May cause skin sensitization. May be harmful if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin.

2. Ziram AG-85% CAS No:137-30-4

----

---- ---- Granular solid Color Light brown Odor Caramel-like Thermal decomposition may produce: Carbon disulfide Oxides of carbon. Oxides of nitrogen. Oxides of sulfur.

DT->2400; OT-1080; IT-4.42; [T] (Rats)

May be irritating to respiratory system, skin and eyes. May cause skin sensitization. May be harmful if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin.

TQ-I: Threshold Quantity (for application of rules 4, 5, 7 to 9 and 13 to 15)

TQ-II: Threshold Quantity (for application of rules 10 to 12)

Note:

1. Oral Toxicity (OT) in LD50 (mg/kg)

2. Dermal Toxicity (DT) in LD50 (mg/kg)

3. Inhalation Toxicity in LC50 (mg/l) [4 hrs.]





CIF two products are hazardous in nature as per MSIHC rules and limited data are available

for these. However, hazards potential (for damage) of products and other materials to plant

personnel, environment and off-site area is different for different materials. CIF will be storing

nearly 5 liquid raw materials (in bulk) and one gaseous material namely chlorine. Five of the

raw materials are listed in under “List of hazardous and Toxic Chemicals” category under

MSIHC Rules, 1989.The materials coming under hazardous category as specified by MSIHC

Rules, 1989 (including subsequent amendments) is given in Table 6.2 and Table 6.3 above.

All pesticides products are hazardous in nature and many of them are new compounds with

little data available. The products are produced as per market demand and packed and

stored in saleable packing.

6.4 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STORAGE

The solid raw materials will be received in bags or drums and will be stored in chemicals go-

downs. The products (liquid or solid) will be packed in drums and stored in product go-downs

as per market demand. The bulk storages of liquid hazardous materials are given in the

Table 6.1.

The solid materials powder or granules spillage can result in polluting small area only. The

damage to personnel can be through ingress- dermal (if individual come in contact), oral (if

individual food gets infected through fugitive dust) or inhalation (fugitive dust). The main

route is fugitive dust which in covered area will move to short distance only. Some of the raw

materials are though stored in bulk (quantity) but in drums only.

The pesticide product will be both as liquid and solid. The product storage for liquid will be in

drums and ISO containers and for solid in bags depending upon client requirement.

However, in CIF case both Thiram and Ziram are solid / granular.

The risk is through liquid and gaseous materials (Chlorine) which are volatile/gaseous

material (toxic) and inflammable/explosive materials. The toxic vapours due to spillage of

such material can travel to some distance (as they are stored in covered go-downs) and

cause damage. The liquid products will be packed in drums (50 litres drums).

6.5 QRA APPROACH

Identification of hazards and likely scenarios (based on Level-1 and Level-2 activities) calls

for detailed analysis of each scenario for potential of damage, impact area (may vary with

weather conditions / wind direction) and safety system in place. Subsequently each incident

is classified according to relative risk classifications provided in Table below as Table 6.4:

Table 6.4: Risk Classification

Stage Description

High (> 10-2/yr.)

A failure which could reasonably be expected to occur within the expected life time of the plant.

Examples of high failure likelihood are process leaks or single instrument or valve failures or a human error which could result in releases of hazardous materials.

Moderate (10-2 --10-4/yr.)

A failure or sequence of failures which has a low probability of occurrence within the expected lifetime of the plant.





Stage Description

Examples of moderate likelihood are dual instrument or valve failures, combination of instrument failures and human errors, or single failures of small process lines or fittings.

Low (<10-4)

A failure or series of failures which have a very low probability of occurrence within the expected lifetime of plant.

Examples of ‘low’ likelihood are multiple instruments or valve failures or multiple human errors, or single spontaneous failures of tanks or process vessels.

Minor Incidents Impact limited to the local area of the event with potent for ‘knock – on- events’

Serious Incident One that could cause:

❖ Any serious injury or fatality on/off site;

❖ Property damage of $ 1 million offsite or $ 5 million onsite.

Extensive Incident One that is five or more times worse than a serious incident.

Assigning a relative risk to each scenario provides a means of prioritising associated risk mitigation measures and planned actions.

6.6 THERMAL HAZARDS

In order to understand the damages produced by various scenarios, it is appropriate to

understand the physiological/physical effects of thermal radiation intensities. The thermal

radiation due to tank fire usually results in burn on the human body. Furthermore, inanimate

objects like equipment, piping, cables, etc. may also be affected and also need to be

evaluated for damages. Table 6.5 to Table 6.7 (below), respectively give tolerable intensities

of various objects and desirable escape time for thermal radiation.

Thermal hazards could be from fires or explosion. Fire releases energy slowly while

explosion release energy very rapidly (typically in micro seconds). Explosion is rapid

greenfield of gases resulting in rapidly moving shock wave. Explosion can be confined

(within a vessel or building) or unconfined (due to release of flammable gases).

BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion) occurs if a vessel containing a liquid at a

temperature above its atmospheric boiling point ruptures. The subsequent BLEVE is the

explosive vaporisation of large fraction of its vapour contents; possibly followed by

combustion or explosion of the vaporised cloud if it is combustible range.

Thermal hazards have been considered for various scenarios including:

• Fire in inflammable chemicals storage tanks.

Table 6.5: Effects due to Incident Radiation Intensity

Incident Radiation kW/m2

Damage Type

0.7 Equivalent to Solar Radiation

1.6 No discomfort on long duration

4.0 Sufficient to cause pain within 20 sec. Blistering of skin (first degree burn is likely).

9.5 Pain threshold reached after 8 sec. Second degree burn after 20 sec.





12.5 Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting of plastic tubing etc.

25

Minimum Energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting, plastic tubing etc.

37.5 Sufficient to cause damage to process equipment.

62.0 Spontaneous ignition of wood.

Table 6.6: Thermal Radiation Impact to Human

Exposure Duration

Radiation Energy {1% lethality; kW/m2}

Radiation Energy for 2nd degree burns;

kW/m2

Radiation Energy for 1st degree burns;

kW/m2

10 sec 21.2 16 12.5

30 9.3 7.0 4.0

Table 6.7: Tolerable Intensities for Various Objects

Sl. No Objects Tolerable Intensities (kw/m2)

1 Drenched Tank 38

2 Special Buildings (No window, fire proof doors) 25

3 Normal Buildings 14

4 Vegetation 10-12

5 Escape Route 6 (up to 30 sec.)

6 Personnel in Emergencies 3 (up to 30 sec.)

7 Plastic Cables 2

8 Stationary Personnel 1.5

6.6.1 Damage due to Explosion

The explosion of a dust or gas (either as a deflagration or detonation) results in a reaction

front moving outwards from the ignition source preceded by a shock wave or pressure front.

After the combustible material is consumed the reaction front terminates but the pressure

wave continues its outward movement. Blast damage is based on the determination of the

peak overpressure resulting from the pressure wave impacting on the object or structure.

As a safety measure CIF is storing highly hazardous raw materials in isolated places with full

safety measures. Damage estimates based on overpressure are given in Table 6.8 below:

Table 6.8: Damage due to Overpressure

Sl. No Overpressure (psig / bar)

Damage

1. 0.04 Loud Noise / sonic boom glass failure

2. 0.15 Typical pressure for glass failure

3. 0.5 - 1 Large and small windows usually shattered

4. 0.7 Minor damage to house structure

5. 1 Partial demolition of houses, made uninhabitable.

6. 2.3 Lower limit of serious structure damage

7. 5 – 7 Nearly complete destruction of houses

8. 9 Loaded train box wagons completely demolished





Sl. No Overpressure (psig / bar)

Damage

9. 10 Probable total destruction of houses

10. 200 Limits of crater lip

In CIF case explosion not likely.

6.7 TOXIC RELEASE

Hazardous materials handled and stored in bulk in CIF complex are toxic gases i.e. Chlorine

and liquids (Above maintioned table). Some of these chemicals are stored in bulk (in tank

farm).

Damage criteria: For toxic release the damage criteria considered is IDLH concentration (if

data are available). In the absence of non-availability of IDLH, ‘Inhalation Toxicity (IT) data

for rats’ are considered. ‘IT’ data are used for the products as IDLH are not available for

these chemicals.

6.8 DATA LIMITATIONS

It is also observed that very little data or information (regarding physical properties required

for modelling in case of dilute chemicals (DMA-40%)) is available about the chemicals. In

such cases pure chemicals are considered for modelling.

6.9 LIKELY FAILURE SCENARIOS

Few likely failure scenarios have been selected after critical appraisal of raw materials and

storage inventories. Failure scenarios selected are as given below in Table 6.9.

Table 6.9: Different Failure Scenarios

S. No. Scenario Remark

Raw Materials

RM-1. DMA (Dimethyl Amine 40%) Thermal /Toxic Impact

RM-2. Carbon Disulphide Thermal /Toxic Impact

RM-3. Hydrogen Peroxide Toxic Impact

6.10 WEATHER EFFECT

The effect of ambient conditions on the impact of fire / heat radiation and GLC of hazardous /

toxic material can be beneficial as well as harmful. A high wind (turbulence) can dilute the

toxic material while stable environment can extend the reach of IDLH or IT (inhalation LC50

rats for products) concentration to long distance. Any inflammable gas / vapour release in

turbulent weather will soon dilute the hazardous gases below LEL and thus save the

disaster.

6.11 INCIDENTS IMPACTS

The identified failure scenarios (Table 6.10) have been analysed (Using ALOHA and

EFFECT Modules) for the impact zones considering damage due to thermal and toxic

impacts. Similar impacts are considered for Greenfield units. Each incident will have Impact





on the surrounding environment which in extreme case may cross plant boundary. The

impact zones for various scenarios are given in Table 6.10.

Table 6.10: Hazards Scenario Impact

Scenario No. Scenario Impact Zone (m) Remarks

Scenario Raw Material

RM-1. DMA (Dimethyl Amine 40%)

❖ <10

❖ <10

1st degree burn

Stability Class-D (IDLH) Template 1

RM-2. Carbon Disulphide ❖ <10

❖ <10

1st degree burn

Stability Class-D (IDLH) Template 1

RM-3. Hydrogen Peroxide ❖ <10 Stability Class-D (IDLH) (60 min.)





Templates of Scenario

Template 1. DMA Spillage-Toxic Impact Zone (Stability Class-D)

Template 2. Carbon Disulphide Spillage –Toxic Impact Zone; Stability Class-D





6.12 CONSEQUENTIAL IMPACTS

The consequential impacts from each incident scenario can be though thermal, over

pressure wave and toxic route. The damage can be on plant personnel (and neighbouring

residents in case incident crosses boundary), property and also loss in production.

6.13 THERMAL AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS

Incidents involving thermal hazards are mainly due to raw material fire (due to spillage). The

impact (1st degree burn) is limited to < 10 m (DMA and CS2 case) only (i.e. within plant

boundary). However, the consequences can go to worse if the incidents lead to domino

effect to other tanks.

6.14 TOXIC HAZARDS

Toxic hazards are mainly due to toxic chemicals leakage and its impact can cross the plant

boundary (if not controlled in time).

CIF is providing following emergency safety measures:

• Caustic drum shall be provided for any emergency.

• Alternatively, hood shall be provided that covers the CS2 vessels in emergency and necessary connections provided directly connecting to the scrubbing system.

• Emergency kit and two sets of breathing apparatus provided to meet any emergency.

6.15 OTHER HAZARDS

The other hazards in the plant include (but not limited to):

• Other toxic hazards due to acids / other toxic spillages (mainly limited to spillage area only.).

• Mechanical hazards due to machines / equipment.

• Hazards due to individual soft spots like walking casually and noticing a pit and falling or colliding/ stumbling or slipping (not noticing a wet place etc.).

6.16 OTHER TOXIC HAZARDS

Other hazardous chemicals including products their impact will be limited to spillage area.

The acid spillage if comes in contact with metal parts will produce hydrogen which is highly

flammable gas. Any person moving in area and getting splash will get the injury. In addition,

the spillage will cause pollution problem. The spillage is to be collected and neutralized for

toxic contents before disposal.

6.16.1 General Control Measures

Since some of the substances in use at CIF are hazardous with fire potential and also toxic

in nature, it is necessary to use appropriate control measures recommended for such

substances:

6.17 FLAMMABLE GAS FIRES

Fire control generally consists of directing, diluting and dispersing the inflammable gas/

vapor to prevent contact with persons, to prevent it from infiltrating structures if the leak is out

door, and to avoid its contact with ignition sources while, if possible, simultaneously stopping





the flow of gas. Water in the form of spray, applied from hoses or monitors nozzles or by

fixed water sprays system cools the burning vapours / gas.

6.18 PROCESS SAFETY SYSTEM TO BE DEVELOPED AT CIF

Process & Plant Safety:

Conducting Preliminary Safety Analysis (A1), Basic Safety Review (A2), Detailed Safety

Review (A3), Pre-Start-Up Safety Review (A4) & Pre-Start-Up Safety audit according to PPS

directive (details mentioned in following flow diagram)

• Every change in the process, procedure, equipment, etc. will be done through robust management of change (MOC) procedure

• Pre-Start up Safety Reviews for all modification

• Pressure testing of pipelines and replacement of fragile pipelines and tanks by prevention project

• Hazardous area classification

• Internal safety rounds for P&PS

• Control P&IDs, and Lock opened (LO)/ Lock closed (LC) procedures are in place

• TOPPS (Top Performance in Process & Plant Safety) training to all employees

• Root Cause Analysis of all incidents

• Pre-Start up Safety Reviews for all modification

Occupational Safety:

• Permit to Work procedure and Monthly monitoring of all filled permit for continual improvement

• Mobilized Near- Miss Reporting and award scheme

• HSE rounds: PMT (Plant Management Team) of one plant takes HSE round of another plant. Exchange of best practices among plants

• MSDS Management

• Tool Box talk with contractors

• Central Safety Committee

• Departmental Safety Committees

• HSE Coordinator and Monitor program: Shop floor employees’ participation in Safety activities

• Celebration of theme-based Safety days/ weeks at site

• Safety Induction program for new joiners (both company & contract employees)

Emergency Preparedness:

• On-Site Emergency Plan for the site

• Training on On-Site Emergency Action Plan

• Regular Site Level Mock drills and Plant Specific Fire Drills and Leak, spill drills

• Availability of First aiders, Fire Fighters and Rescue members in each shift





• Maintenance of Fire hydrant system, sprinkler system and portable fire extinguishers

• Periodic testing of fire hydrant and sprinkler systems

• Three Fire Tenders and Two Ambulances

Occupational Health:

• Pre-employment & Annual Medical Examination

• Quarterly/Periodical Physical Examinations

• Canteen Employees Examination

• Fork lift operators Examination

• Recall services & Follow-Up

• Return to work assessment

• Exit Examination

• Training on Counselling, Hearing Conservation Program, Hazardous Chemical Awareness Program, Shop floor training, First-aid (138Nos. Certified First Aiders), etc.

• Legal records: All medical records of employees to be maintained.

• Emergency Medical services: Ambulance services, First-aid boxes, Decontamination facility etc.

• Health Promotional Activities: Awareness on Medical issues, Ergonomics awareness programs, Stress management, De-addiction program, etc.

6.19 SAFETY SYSTEM FOR TOXIC MATERIAL HANDLING

Following Precaution Taken while Handling Toxic Materials

❖ Highly Toxic chemical is stored in storage room with lock and key.

❖ Inventory records are maintained.

❖ Toxic material is stored in well ventilation and out of sunlight

❖ It is stored away from incompatible chemicals.

❖ Keeping containers tightly & securely closed when not in use

❖ Toxic chemical charging is done inside the closed room in presence of shift in-charge.

❖ Local Ventilation system is provided to avoid exposure at work place.

❖ Vent gas is passing through scrubber system for absorption & reduction of pollution.

❖ Standby pump provision is available for LEV & scrubber system.

❖ Decontamination facility is provided

❖ Safety PPE’s is providing during charging.

❖ Breathing air provision is provided at toxic chemical handling area.

❖ Training to employees is providing for manual handling of toxic chemicals.

❖ First aid training also provided to concern employees.

❖ Antitoxic kit is maintaining inside OHC.





❖ First aid kit provision is available at work place area.

❖ Eye wash/Safety shower stations are readily available nearby and are tested regularly

❖ To avoid fire and explosion nitrogen blanketing, earthing & bonding, electrical flame proof equipment’s, pressure rated equipment’ are provided.

❖ Suitable fire extinguisher and spill clean-up equipment are maintained.

❖ Dyke provision is available where liquid toxic chemicals are stored.

❖ Appropriate spill control equipment and procedures is available.

❖ MSDS is maintained inside the concern plant / department.

❖ Precautionary placard is displayed nearby the work place.

❖ Toxic chemicals sign board is displayed on container.

❖ Avoiding any welding, cutting, soldering or other hot work on an empty container of toxic chemicals.

❖ Good housekeeping is maintaining.

❖ Toxic gas detector also provided at workplace.

❖ Toxic chemical waste is collecting in separate pit and transferring to ETP for its treatment.

❖ Always ensuring that the waste container used is compatible with the waste material

❖ Ensuring that the waste container is properly and accurately labelled.

❖ Unauthorized person entry is restricted.

❖ Restricted for eating, drinking & smoking at work place.

❖ Employees are trained for emergency of toxic chemicals.

❖ Toxic chemical spill, leak drills are conducting for awareness, preparedness & response during an emergency.

❖ Work place area monitoring is to be carried out for ensuring exposure at workplace.

❖ Process is performed in closed conditions.

❖ Regular pressure testing for pipelines and equipment to ensure tightness

6.20 WORK PLACE MONITORING PLAN

Work zone monitoring is carried out by HSE department every month for gaseous pollutants

and dusts. Records are to be kept in standard Form as per Factories Rules. Location for

samplings shall be identified. Samples are analyzed for Air borne concentration of hazardous

chemicals in ppm.

The analyzed results are compared with the threshold limit values (TLV) of international

organizations. The monitoring program is based on the Action Level Concentration (ALC)

which is 50% of the TLV. If the analyzed concentration is < ALC, no regular monitoring is

required, only occasional checks (once in a year) to ensure the acceptability of the system.

If the analyzed concentration is > ALC < TLV then the monitoring is carried out at regular

interval (once in two months). In case analyzed concentration is > TLV then corrective





actions are decided by Plant Manager, General Manager - works and Engineering Manager

and they are implemented. After implementation again, monitoring is carried out.

The sampling for gaseous pollutants and air pollutants are done by Air sampling pump.

6.21 ARRANGEMENT FOR ENSURING HEALTH AND SAFETY OF WORKERS ENGAGED IN HANDLING OF TOXIC MATERIALS

All persons working in manufacturing units are surveyed by regular medical examinations.

Pre-employment Medical examinationto be carried out for all employees prior to employment

at well-known multispecialty hospital.

Check-ups& tests carried out as per Factory rules / SPCB guidelines.

6.22 SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS

6.23 COMMONLY RECOMMENDED CONTROL MEASURES

A number of preventive control measures for hazardous occurrences have been analysed and discussed above. Some more salient points are enumerated below:

• All storage tanks in the tank farm should be dyked. Other operation and maintenance features shall be based on established best safety practices.

• Concentration detectors for hazardous chemical vapours (e.g. chemicals etc.) fire Smoke / heat detectors and fire alarm should be installed at all strategic locations in the plant.

• A schedule for preventive maintenance including health survey of all plant equipment should be adhered to as far as possible.

• Ensure the absence of ignition sources in storage area.

• Ensure placement of firefighing facilities, such as, carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder and foam type fire extinguishers in addition to fire hydrant system, at strategic locations. Spill control measures, such as, removal of all ignition sources from the spill area and ventilating the area as well as soaking the spilled material with paper, towel or mud and letting the volatile substance evaporate slowly in a safe area.

• Compulsory use of protective clothing, non-sparking tools and warning signs during critical operations and maintenance.

• Training / refresher courses on safety information’s / norms.

• Eyewash and showers should be put up at strategic places for use during emergencies.

A group of plant personnel should be trained in first aid, rescue, firefighting and emergency

control measures. These personnel will form core group/emergency squad who will fight the

emergency and also act as rescue and first aid team.

In order to ensure communication from isolated places/locations Walkie-Talkie be made

available to persons working in these areas. This will considerably improve the effectiveness

of emergency management.

There is no substitute for training-mock drills and these must be held at regular interval

keeping the following objectives in mind:





Real time mock-drill should be carried out for probable/likely hazardous situation (after the

plant is successfully commissioned).

Target to be set-up for various tasks and events during an emergency.

Weak links should be marked and corrective action taken to improve effectiveness during

emergency.

CIF team already understand the implication and hazards in fertiliser industry and has

implemented most of the measures in the sister organisation existing plants.

6.24 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) are of prime importance more so in hazardous

industries. Industries have various types of hazards and QRA is carried out to understand

the hazards potential from various incidents. Pre-emptive steps can be planned to

safeguards from likely causes. Some of the

Frequent causes of accidents

• Fire and explosion: explosives, flammable material

• Hazards from Toxic Materials

• Mechanical Hazards such as:

o Being struck by falling objects

o Caught in between machine parts

o Snapping of cables, ropes, chains, slings

o Handling heavy objects

• Electricity Hazards

o Electrocution

o Short circuits and consequential fire.

o Poor illumination etc.

• Other Hazards:

o Falls from height inside industrial units or on the ground

o Struck by moving objects; Slipping on wet surfaces

o Sharp objects

Oxygen deficiency in confined spaces; Lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), housekeeping practices, safety signs

• Consequential hazards due to extreme Temperatures;

• Consequential hazards due to vibration

• Consequential hazards due to radiation;

• Many more hazards.

Hazardous substances and wastes

• Heavy and toxic metals

• Lack of hazard communication (storage, labeling, material safety data sheets)

• Batteries, fire-fighting liquids

• Welding fumes





• Volatile organic compounds

• Inhalation in confined and enclosed spaces

Ergonomic and psychosocial hazards

• Many of the hazards are as result of working environment.

• Repetitive strain injuries, awkward postures, repetitive and monotonous work, excessive workload

• Long working hours, shift work, night work, temporary employment (Long working hours, shift work, night work, temporary employment, Mental stress, human relations) which results in less attention at work place and consequential incidents and accidents.

• Lack of education and training / awareness is another prime cause of accidents.

Considering above, QRA analysis and also the nature of activities at CIF the following steps for OHS activities have been suggested:

• Employee’s health check-up: pre-employment and periodic check-up during employment. The health check-up observations should be informed to employees.

• The health should include any impact due to hazards at work place including (but not limited to) due to noise, heat, illumination, dust, any other chemicals, metals being suspected in environment and going into body of workers either through inhalation, ingestion or through skin absorption and steps taken to avoid musculo-skeletal disorders (MSD), backache, pain in minor and major joints, fatigue etc.

• Training and refresher courses on safety to all employees.

• Employees should be made aware of the hazards in the plant and the preventive actions to be safe from such hazards.

Response to Injuries: Based on a survey of possible injuries, a procedure for response to injuries or exposure to hazardous substances should be established. All staff should have minimum training to such response and the procedure ought to include the following:

• Immediate first aid, such as eye splashing, cleansing of wounds and skin, and Bandage etc.

• Immediate reporting to a responsible designated person

• If possible, retention of the item and details of its source for identification of possible hazards.

• Medical surveillance

• Recording of the incident

• Investigation, determination and implementation of remedial action

6.25 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN

Though CIF is not storing Chemicals more than Threshold limit as mentioned in MSIHC rules

and as such need not prepare EMP and submit it to Statutory Authorities. However, CIF

should develop an Emergency Management Plan (EMP) and regularly carry out Mock drills

to check the effectiveness of the EMP. For reference and review key features of standard

EMP are given below.





6.26 ERGONOMIC AND PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS

Many of the Hazards are as Result of Working Environment

Repetitive strain injuries, awkward postures, repetitive and monotonous work, excessive

workload

Long working hours, shift work, night work, temporary employment (Long working hours, shift

work, night work, temporary employment, Mental stress, human relations) which results in

less attention at work place and consequential incidents and accidents.

Lack of education and training / awareness is another prime cause of accidents.

Considering above, QRA analysis and also the nature of activities at CIF the following steps

for OHS activities have been suggested:

Employee’s health check-up: pre-employment and periodic check-up during employment.

The health check-up observations should be informed to employees.

The health should include any impact due to hazards at work place including (but not limited

to) due to noise, heat, illumination, dust, any other chemicals, metals being suspected in

environment and going into body of workers either through inhalation, ingestion or through

skin absorption and steps taken to avoid musculo-skeletal disorders (MSD), backache, pain

in minor and major joints, fatigue etc.

Training and refresher courses on safety to all employees,

Employees should be made aware of the hazards in the plant and the preventive actions to

be safe from such hazards.

Response to injuries: Based on a survey of possible injuries, a procedure for response to

injuries or exposure to hazardous substances should be established. All staff should have

minimum training to such response and the procedure ought to include the following:

o ̇Immediate first aid, such as eye splashing, cleansing of wounds and skin, and Bandage etc.

o Immediate reporting to a responsible designated person

o If possible, retention of the item and details of its source for identification of possible hazards.

o Medical surveillance

o Recording of the incident

o Investigation, determination and implementation of remedial action

6.26.1 Key Process Safety Measures

• Flameproof equipment’s and fittings are provided for handling of hazardous chemicals.

• Tanks and all pump motors are earthed.

• Road tanker earthing lines have been provided near the unloading pumps.

• Dykes have been provided for hazardous chemicals storage to contain leakages. Floors of the dyke area have impervious finish.





• Housekeeping of the plant is as per prescribed norms. Floors, platforms, staircases, passages are kept free of any obstruction.

• All hazardous operations are explained to the workers. They are periodically trained on the hazardous processes.

• Dedicated supply of firewater is available in the plant.

• Only authorized persons are allowed inside the plant.

• All instrument and safety devices are checked and calibrated during installation. They are also calibrated, checked at a frequent interval. Calibration records are maintained.

• All electrical equipment’s are installed as per prescribed standards.

• All the equipment’s of the plant are periodically tested as per standard and results are documented. All equipment’s undergo preventive maintenance schedule.

• Hydrant system is pressured with a Jockey Pump.

• Flame arrestor is provided on each tank.

• Pressure gauge is provided on each tank.

In addition to fire hydrant system, nos. of fire extinguishers are also installed at different

locations within premises.

Retention basin is provided to collect the contaminated water used during firefighting.

6.27 TRANSPORTATION

Class A petroleum products (equivalent raw materials) will be received through road tanker and stored in underground storage tank as per petroleum Act & Rules.

Road tanker unloading procedure will be in place and will be implemented for safe unloading of road tanker.

Static earthing provision will be made for tanker unloading.

Earthed Flexible Steel hose will be used for Volatile inflammable organic compounds unloading from the road tanker.

Fixed pipelines with pumps will be provided for Volatile inflammable organic compounds transfer up to Day tanks/reactors.

Double mechanical seal type pumps will be installed.

NRV provision will be made on all pump discharge line.

Table 6.11: Transportation, Unloading and Handling Safety Measures

S. No. Activity Type of Possible Hazard

Mitigation Measures

1 Transportation of hazardous Chemicals like acids & Volatile inflammable organic compounds by road tanker

Leakage& Spillage Fire & explosion,

• Check the source of leakage point. • Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. • Stop leak if you can do it without risk. • Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area






Mitigation Measures

Toxic release

or inside container. • Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. • Isolate the area • Isolate the container • Training will be provided to driver and cleaner regarding the safe driving, hazard of Flammable chemicals, emergency handling. • TREM card will be kept with TL. • Fire extinguishers will be kept with TL. • Flame arrestor will be provided to TL exhaust. • Instructions will be given not to stop road tanker in populated area. • Clear Hazard Identification symbol and emergency telephone number will be displayed as per HAZCHEM CODE. • Appropriate PPEs will be kept with TL.

2 Acids and Volatile inflammable organic compounds Road tanker unloading at project site.

Leakage& Spillage Fire,& explosion, Toxic release

• Check the source of leakage point. • Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. • Stop leak if you can do it without risk. • Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. • Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. • Isolate the area • Isolate the container • Check the source of leakage point. • Spray the water on leakage • Priority will be given to Tanker to immediately enter the storage premises at site and will not be kept waiting near the gate or the main road. • Security person will check License, TREM CARD, Fire extinguisher condition; Antidote Kit, required PPEs as per SOP laid down. • Store officer will take sample as per sampling SOP from sampling point. • After approval of QC department unloading procedure will be allowed be started. Following precautions will be






Mitigation Measures

adopted during unloading • Wheel stopper will be provided to TL at unloading platform. • Static earthing will be provided to road tanker. • Tanker unloading procedure will be followed according to check list and implemented. • Flexible SS hose connection will be done at TL outlet line. • The quantity remaining in the hose pipeline will be drained to a small underground storage tank, which will be subsequently transferred by nitrogen pressure to the main storage tank thus ensuring complete closed conditions for transfer from road tanker. • All TL valves will be closed in TL. • Only day time unloading will be permitted.

3 Hazardous chemicals fuels and acid & Volatile inflammable organic compounds Storage tank safety

Leakage& Spillage, Fire, Explosion Toxic release.

• Check the source of leakage point. • Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. • Stop leak if you can do it without risk. • Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. • Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. • Isolate the area • Isolate the container • Check the source of leakage point. • Spray the water on leakage • SS storage tank will be provided as per IS code. • Dyke wall will be provided to storage tank. • Level transmitter will be provided with low level high level auto cut-off provision. • Vent will be connected to water trap and vent of water trap will be provided with flame arrestor. • Water sprinkler system will be provided to storage tank. • Fire hydrant monitor with foam attachment facility will be provided. • Dumping / Drain vessel/alternate






Mitigation Measures

vessel will be provided to collect dyke wall spillage material. • FLP type pump will be provided. • Nitrogen blanketing will be provided to storage tank. • Double static earthing will be provided to storage tank. Double Jumper clip will be provided to all Solvent handling pipeline flanges.

4 Hazardous Chemicals and acid & Volatile inflammable organic compounds transfer from storage tank to Day tank.

Leakage& Spillage due to Line rupture, Flange Gasket failure, Fire, Explosion, Toxic release.

• Double mechanical seal type FLP type pump will be provided. • Double on / off switch will provide at tank farm and process area near day tank. Pump auto cut off with day tank high level will be provided. • Flame arrestor will be provided on day tank vent. • Over flow will be provided for additional safety and it will be connected to main storage tank. • NRV will be provided on pump discharge line. • Double Jumper clip will be provided to all Volatile inflammable organic compounds handling pipeline. Double static earthing will be provided to day tank.

5 Transportation of Chemicals transfer from Day tank to reactor.

Leakage, Spillage due to Line rupture, Flange Gasket failure, Fire, Explosion, Toxic release.

• Gravity transfer. • Total quantity of day tank material will be charged in to reactor at a time. • Static earthing will be provided to storage tank. • Double Jumpers will be provided to pipeline flanges.

6.28 EMERGENCY FACILITIES

Emergency Management Planning (EMP) should be developed considering the likely hazards in the plant and sincerely implemented. Mock drills for various scenarios should be carried out and results of the drills should be recorded. Weal links in the mock drills should be strengthened.

Objectives

The Emergency Management Plan (EMP) is developed to make the best possible use of the resources available at CIF and the nearby agencies to provide help/assistance in case of an emergency in the plant. The activities will include:

• Rescue the victims and give them the necessary medical attention in the shortest possible time.

• Safeguard another person (evacuate them to a safer place).





• Contain the incident and control it with minimum damage to human and life and property.

• Provide necessary information to families/relatives of affected persons, outside agencies including media and statutory bodies.

6.29 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN [EMP]

An outline of EMP organizational set-up necessary for chain of commands during emergency situation in the plant is as given below. CIF should develop EMP in the organisation and send it statutory authorities for approval and integration in District Disaster Management Plan. A sample EMP is enclosed for reference.

President (Operations) of the CIF is the Chief Emergency Coordinator and he shall be the main guiding person directing the emergency operations. He shall be assisted by:

Chief Site Coordinator. GM (Production)

Coordinate and direct all the activities from Emergency site.

In absence of GM-Prodn, DGM (Prod. I/II) will act as Chief Site Coordinator.

Chief Maintenance Coordinator Manager-Maintenance

Coordinate all the maintenance activities from the Emergency Control Center.

In absence of Manager (Maint.), Asst. Manager will act as Chief Maintenance Coordinator.

Chief Service Coordinator Manager (HR)

Coordinate with local administration take care of transport, medical, canteen arrangements, and evacuation of people if required.

In absence of Manager (HR), Asst. Manager (P&A) will act as Chief Service Coordinator.

Chief Material Coordinator Manager (Material)

In absence of Manager (Material), Asst. Manager (Material) will act as Material Coordinator.

Operation Coordinator Manager (Prod.) is the Incident

Controller for Vehicle Control & Security

Personnel Security Officer

In absence of Security Officer, Security Supervisor will act for Vehicle Control & Security Personnel deployment.

Fire & Safety Controller Incharge (F&S)

In absence of In-charge (F & S), Supervisor (F & S) will act as Fire & Safety Controller and also for first aid.





Two “Assembly Points” will be identified (based on wind direction and away from hazardous areas) and duly marked.

Chief Service Coordinator shall contact the following senior officers stationed at Gajraula.

Format for Telephone Numbers of the Authorities:

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

KEY PERSONNEL - OFFSITE EMERGENCY RESPONSE

OFFICERS PLACE OFFICE RES.

DIVISIONAL COMMISSIONER

COLLECTOR & DISTRICT MAGISTRATE

CITY MAGISTRATE

DY.I.G. OF POLICE

SUPDT.OF POLICE

POLICE CONTROL ROOM (CITY)

POLICE STATION (near by or Sikar)

DY CHIEF INSPECTOR OF FACTORIES

OFFICERS PLACE OFFICE RES.

UP STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD

FIRE BRIGADE, Nearby or Sikar

HOME GUARD

NEAREST CIVIL HOSPITAL (CHIEF MEDICAL SUPTD)

6.30 RESPONSIBILITIES & ROLE OF KEY PERSONNEL

6.30.1 Over all In-charge-President (Operation)

On getting the information about emergency from GM (Prod.) rush to incident site/ECC. Assess the overall situation and provide guidance in critical decision-making.

6.30.2 Chief Site Coordinator- Manager (Production)

• On getting the information about emergency from Supervisor Plant, inform over all In-charge Plant (Operation).

• Rush to the emergency site to assess the situation and decide to:

o Declare emergency based on amount/extent of hazards and water/air analysis (toxic / flammable material release) and advise Incharge (F&S) for sounding emergency siren.

o Review if plant shutting down is required to contain / control the hazard.

o Review, evacuation from affected areas and sending the affected person to a safe place.

o Advise Incident Controller and other key personnel to take necessary action.





o He will interact with Chief Service Coordinator and advise him on possible effects on areas inside and outside the factory to initiate Off- Site Emergency Response Plan.

o Remain in touch with Overall in-charge (P-O) and inform about the situation & actions being taken and seek his advice for the critical decisions.

6.30.3 Chief Maintenance Coordinator- GM (Maintenance)

• After getting information about emergency from manager concerned Plant. Inform all concerned personnel to be on alert.

• Rush to the ECC, assess the situation and facilitate Chief Site Coordinator-GM (Prod.), Maintenance support needed to tackle the emergency.

• Facilitate elect. isolation of the affected area, if required through Supervisor (E&I)

• Facilitate lighting arrangements at (a) affected locations and (b) Assembly points if required through Supervisor (E&I)

• Facilitate work-shop facilities with adequate manpower if required through Manager (Maintenance). Remain in touch with Chief Site Controller.

6.30.4 Chief Service Co-ordinator - Manager (HR)

• On getting information from the Medical Coordinator rush to the Emergency Control Centre.

• Assess the situation in consultation with Chief Site Coordinator and Incident Controller and ensure that casualties get adequate transport / medical help.

• Make arrangement to shift all the persons to the safest place if called for.

• Assess 'Law and Order' situation.

• Inform press, TV / Radio, local authorities on the severity of situation in close co-ordination with Chief Site Coordinator and in consultation with Over All In-charge -P (O).

• Inform the District Authority / local police station in case their help is required for evacuation of personnel / preserving law and order.

• Evacuation of adjoining areas and villages, if required.

• Remain in touch with over all In-charge - P (O) and seek his advice for the critical decisions.

6.30.5 Chief Material Co-ordinator- Manager (Materials)

• Rush to the emergency control center on receipt of the message from Chief Service Coordinator / on hearing the emergency siren and inform Supervisor. (Store) about the emergency.

• Get the stores opened for requirement of the Fire fighting/safety and other materials, which may be required during emergency.

• Assess the situation in consultation with Chief site coordinator & incident controller for any material requirement /help at the affected site.

• He will be responsible for the arrangements of trucks for movement of bulk material if required.





• Remain in touch with Chief site coordinator, Incident controller, and Chief maintenance coordinator.

6.30.6 Incident Controller Concerned Plant -Manager Concerned Plant

• Rush to the site of emergency after getting information from Shift In-charge assesses the situation and immediately inform

o GM – Prod.

• Take over charge from shift in charge.

• Ensure that persons working in the area are safe and isolate source of toxic release if possible.

• Advise and assist In-charge (F & S) for providing water curtains to contain toxic release with in the plant battery.

• Remain in touch with Chief Site Controller and other concerned officers.

• Coordinate with Chief Maintenance / Chief Material coordinators for assistance required at site.

• Depending upon the severity of incident, ensure that adequate emergency services like Medical/ Laboratory/ Mechanical/ Electrical etc. are summoned.

• Preservation of evidence as far as possible without affecting the operation of emergency procedures to facilitate any subsequent inquiries into the causes and circumstances, which led to the emergency.

6.30.7 Shift In charge (Concerned Plant):

• Immediately proceed to the site of emergency and assess the situation:

• Emergency Control Room at 101/123 (with name and location of emergency)

• During odd hours/till arrival of Fire shift I/C should act as chief fire coordinator.

• Initiate the shutting down operations for controlling the hazard if unavoidable.

• Cordon off the area and do not allow any body to enter the affected area without respiratory protection (In case of toxic gas leakage).

• Direct rescue operations with the help of fire and safety staff.

• Open safety Almirah for the use of plant personnel.

• Have regard to the need for preserving evidence that could facilitate subsequent inquiry.

• Advise Supervisor of the plant to take roll call and account for missing personnel.

• Hand over charge of the operation to the Manager when he arrives at site.

• Ensure service agencies like Electrical, mechanical, instrumentation is mobilized to handle the emergencies.

6.30.8 Security Officer Vehicle Control and Security Personnel Deployment at the Locations

• Rush to the spot of emergency on getting information from Security Officer on duty and inform Manager (HR) about emergency.

• Arrange one emergency vehicle immediately for ECC.





• Keep in touch with Chief Service Coordinator, Chief Site Coordinator and Incharge (F&S).

• He will act as a special rescue Coordinator at the time of evacuation of employees and others if required.

• Alerts complete staff under his control and make it available at a known point, as per the guidance of Chief Site Co-ordinator / Chief Service Coordinator.

• Anticipate and arrange vehicles required at emergency site in consultation with Incharge (F&S) and Chief Site Coordinator and Chief Service Coordinator.

• On request send vehicles for getting plant personnel / fire personnel required for emergency.

• Arrange vehicle in consultation with Medical Coordinator / Chief Service Coordinator for shifting injured to city hospital.

• During emergency arrange for opening of relevant gates/ barriers for easy movement of vehicles. Security Guards should be posted on these gates / barriers to prevent unauthorized entry.

• Arrange transport and temporary shelters for evacuated personnel and inform the relatives of the affected personnel if required.

6.30.9 Fire & Safety Controller- Incharge (F & S)

• Rush to the spot of emergency after getting information from ECC and inform to Supervisor. (F & S).

• Direct rescue operations under the guidance of Chief Site Coordinator/ Incident controller if required

• Ask additional help from C.S.O. for cordoning off the area and advise fire personnel for rescue / fire fighting if required

• Arrange to provide water curtains, water monitors, at affected locations if required.

• Organize and supervise fire-fighting operations if called or.

• Provide necessary respiratory equipment to plant personnel for emergency use.

• Advise Chief Site Coordinator to arrange additional help Mutual aid group / neighbouring industries if required.

• Give safety precautions to the personnel at rescue work.

6.30.10 Fire Control Room In-Charge

On receiving emergency message from the In-charge (F & S)/ on hearing siren Rush to ECC and take charge of Fire Control Centre from the Fire Operator / Fire Supervisor.

• Assess the situation and Call fire staff from fire barrack.

• Immediately rush fire crew to emergency spot.

• Inform Medical Centre for sending ambulance to emergency site.

6.30.11 Fire Supervisor should also ensure the following:

a. Supervisor to look for the wind direction and cordon off the area.





b. Use water monitors/hydrants/water curtains in consultation with incident/Chief site controller.

c. Provide respiratory equipment’s to the plant personnel.

d. In case of toxic spillage at site, put foam (HAZMAT)/ sand on the spillage area.

e. Remain in touch with Incharge (F & S).

f. Chief Site Co-coordinator will instruct Fire Control Room In-charge for operation of “All Clear Siren” when the disaster is contained / controlled.

g. However, regular testing of siren & emergency buzzer plant control rooms for 2 minutes on every Monday at 13.00 hrs is being done. All clear siren will sound for 2 minutes with a continuous sound.

6.31 POST EMERGENCY RECOVERY

The post-emergency procedures discussed briefly below are designed to successfully manage the damage / losses of an emergency event. The focus of these procedures is to move the plant back into normal operating mode as quickly and efficiently as possible.

Immediately after the “ALL CLEAR” an emergency meeting will be held in emergency control centre to assess the loss both for men & materials, where in following will be present with attendance records, details of injured, out side situation and preparation of press release (if felt necessary)

• Overall In charge

• Chief Site Coordinator

• Chief Maintenance Coordinator

• Chief Service Coordinator

• Incident Controller

• Material Coordinator

• Security

• Fire & Safety Controller

6.32 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

a. As soon as possible after the emergency is over and plant operation has become normal, the investigation and analysis are to be carried out to determine the cause of the event.

b. Representatives from various disciplines will be members of the investigation and analysis team.

c. The areas of the events are to be sealed off so that tempering or alterations of the physical evidence are not likely to occur.

d. Key components are to be photographed and logged with time, place, direction etc.

e. Statements are to be taken from those who were involved with the operation or who witnessed the event.

6.33 DAMAGE ASSESSMENT





This phase of recovery establishes the quantum of replacement machinery considered necessary for bringing back plant to normal operation; property and personnel losses accounted and culminates in a list of necessary repair, replacement and construction work.

Insurance companies will be informed of the damage and requested to pay the compensation as per claim.

6.34 CLEAN-UP AND RESTORATION

This phase will only begin once the investigation is complete. Reporting documentations are to be prepared and forwarded to appropriate authorities. Repair, clean up and restoration work to begin.

6.35 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

The hazard analysis and risk assessment of few possible selected incident scenarios indicates that such incidents mostly are not limited to plant battery limits and have impact on adjoining plants. There are possibilities of domino effect and the secondary scenario not predictable can be worse than the primary one. Two scenarios (specifically toxic hazards scenarios) are crossing the CIF plant boundaries. The direction of impact will be in down wind direction (wind direction and speed vary with season).

Some of the recommendations for Tank farm storage system are as given below:

• Provision of flame detectors/ thermal sensors at strategic locations in the tank farm area.

• Auto water deluge system on each bulk storage tank for inflammable liquids. The system should automatically start taking signal from flame detectors or thermal relay.

• Fixed foam system with adequate capacity.

Toxic Hazards are due to Chlorine and all liquid products. Regular ‘Hazard Survey’ ensures the detection of leakage in the plant.

Chlorine leakage can have adverse impact in large area and also in areas outside the CIF battery limit. CIF should have provision for sucking and scrubbing Chlorine in alkali solution. In house ‘capability building’ to attend hazardous scenarios is to be taken up through mock drills. Real time exercise with controlled release of Chlorine

• to attend the leakage in cylinder

• to transfer leaky cylinder near scrubber and absorb chlorine in alkali solution

• To attend leaky cylinder with ‘Chlorine safety Kit’.

• Train staff in attending such scenarios.

Human Factors: CIF should have well equipped fire station and also safety department – safety practices. Human factors role in safety cannot be ignored. Odd hours working and over / long hours work can drain out individual. It shows in lack of efficiency and also the lack of apt attention the modern chemical complex demand. They are to be closely looked into and avoided.

‘Safety’ has unique features:

If no accident has happened so far probability of incident / accident occurring increases.





‘No accident’ / good safety record develops complacency inertia/ over confidence in the team. This attitude gives rise to gaps / soft spots in the system giving chances to incidents / accidents.

Safety requires novelty. Routine training practices get stale with no positive results. Look for novel scheme of training/ safety practices to build up fresh impetus in safety. Involvement of employees with refreshed outlook for safety is to be achieved.

6.36 PUBLIC HEARING

Public hearing details for ‘M/s Central Insecticides and Fertilizers’ proposing a Greenfield Project for Manufacturing of Technical Grade Pesticides (fungicides) namely Thiram, Ziram (500TPA) at Plot No E-23A, SKS Industrial Area Reengus, District Sikar, Rajasthan: -

As per the District Collector Official letter no. Rev./2017/2687-89, Dated 14.07.2017 and Letter No. 2914 Dated 28.08.2017, with reference to the Regional Office letter dated 19.07.2017; Public Hearing was conducted on 29th August 2017 (Tuesday) at 11:00 a.m. in the Municipal Corporation Reengus, District Sikar Rajasthan.

Public hearing was organized in the presence of Shri Sukhbir Singh, CEO- Jila Parishad and Shri Vinay Katta-RO Regional Pollution Control Board Sikar Rajasthan.

List of local peoples and members present in the public hearing is also attached. Advertisement for the public hearing was given in local Hindi news paper “Kanchan Express” and English news papar “The Indian Express” publication dated 21st July 2017 and the Xerox copy of the same is also attached as Annexure-B.

This public hearing was conducted as per the as per the EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006 as amended till date.

Issues raised during the public hearing proceeding are given and compiled as follows –

S. No. Name of the Person

Question / Issue Answer

1. Shri. Hari Singh Baloda

He said that among the existing Industrial units of the SKS (Shree Khatu Shyamji) RIICO, nobody is following the Environmental Lows and due to this reason, all environmental attributes (Air, water soil noise) are beyond the environmental standards.

He also said that survival is very difficult due to existing pollution level and we do not believe that the project will fulfill their promises.

He also said that not any single industrial unit in the industrial area is following “Zero Liquid Discharge” pattern.

He also said that farmers are facing irrigation water problems

Project Management and Environmental Consultant (Mr. Yashwant Bordia) assured that all pollution control equipments (Scrubber, Bag Filter and other pollution control units) will be installed in the upcoming project.

Management also assured that periodical environmental monitoring shall be undertaken and rechecked by the members of Pollution Control Board.

Management also assured that a pollution model is already implemented for the assessment of pollution levels and we have already assessed that the proposed pollution levels will be negligible and all mitigation





in the region due to maximum water withdrawal by the industrial units.

He also said that there are eight (08) tube wells along with the river bank and the water is being supplied from there so that local people are unable to take sufficient water from there. Water level also increasing continuously so we are facing drinking water problem in the region.

He also requested to the members of Pollution Control Board to monitor the pollution levels in the region and said, if the pollution levels are observed within the prescribed standard limits than we have no issue with proposed upcoming CIF Industry project.

measures shall be followed in the proposed industrial unit.

Management also assured that water problem would be solved by the water supply from RIICO. Total 5KLD water will be taken from RIICO and out of that 2.5KLD water will be treated and recycled in the proposed unit.

Management also assured that we will follow the proposal of “Rain Water Harvesting System” to meet the water requirements in the proposed upcoming project for other 3/4 months.

2. Shri. Chhittar Singh

He said in the favor of proposed upcoming CIF Industry that we are in the support of the new industrial unit because we will get new job, business opportunities and basic infrastructure & facilities also will be increased.

He also said that we including other farmers have no issue and requested to the members of Pollution Control Board to monitor the pollution levels in the region, so the local people’s health will not get affected with any private loss except pollution issues.

He also said that we personally should maintain the clean environment and get involved in the same activities. He also suggests to not wasting the water unnecessarily.

Proposed Industry Management and Environmental Consultant (Mr. Yashwant Bordia) assured that the jobs will be given to the suitable candidates as per their academic qualification and experience. Job opportunities for local candidates will be more than 25% of total recruitments.

Proposed Industry Management and Environmental Consultant (Mr. Yashwant Bordia) assured that a pollution model is implemented for the assessment of pollution levels in future and we have already assessed that the proposed pollution levels will be negligible and all mitigation measures shall be followed in the proposed industrial unit.





3. Shri. Ganesh Ram “Sarpanch”

He also said that the existing industrial units already promised to provide 10%, 20% and 25% employment opportunity but not fulfill their wordings.

He also said to support the proposed upcoming project that at least 25% jobs should be given to the local people and suggested to monitor the all environmental parameters and to concentrate on water related issues in the region.

He also requested to the proposed project management to participate and cooperate in the clean environment in nearby villages and to implement their Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) activities.

Management team members also assured to provide the employment to the local people. They also assured that all environmental parameters/pollution levels will be maintained within the prescribed limits and monitored and rechecked periodically by the members of Pollution Control Board.

Management also assured that water problem would be solved by the water supply from RIICO. Total 5KLD water will be taken from RIICO and out of that 2.5KLD water will be treated and recycled in the proposed unit.

Management also assured that we will follow the proposal of “Rain Water Harvesting System” to meet the water requirements in the proposed upcoming project for other 3/4 months.

4. Shri. Jadhav Ram Shri. Jadhav Ram said to support the proposed project that industry should be pollution free. Waste water disposal should be undertaken proper channel. Water should not be wasted. All air pollution control equipments should be installed to minimize the air pollution in the region.

He also said that pollution related complaints are observed frequently in the region due to other existing industrial units so the improved quality pollution control equipments should be installed in the industry. Industry should provide employment to the 25% local people.

Proposed Industry Management Team members also assured that all environmental guidelines shall be followed along with the installation of pollution control equipments (Scrubber, Bag Filter and other pollution control units) will be installed in the upcoming project. All environmental parameters will be maintained within the prescribed limits and monitored and rechecked periodically by the members of Pollution Control Board.

Project management also assured that the jobs will be given to the suitable candidates as per their academic qualification and experience. Job opportunities for local candidates will be more than 25% of total recruitments.





5. Shri. K C Yadava

(Reporter-Rajasthan Patrika)

He said that he is not against the proposal for the industry but as experienced from previous accidents in the other industries like fire accidents no one learned and do not implementing the environmental health system and no industry is bothered about pollution impacts and mitigation. Waste disposal facilities are not available and survival has become difficult in the nearby villages, towns and cities due spreading of pollution.

He also said to follow the all environmental guidelines and to be bothered about the safety of industrial workers.

He also said that this is a chemical fertilizer company and it should be followed all environmental guidelines so the chemicals used in the manufacturing of Chemical Fertilizers could not adversely affect the human health by cancer and other lethal disease in the region.

He also said if our Govt. assured about the proper health/medical treatment facilities for industry workers shall be maintained than we have no objection with proposed upcoming industrial unit.

Management team members replied that all efforts shall be undertaken to the environmental health and safety of industrial workers.

Project management also assured that the chemicals used in the product/insecticides only affect the insects to protect the crops because the insects adversely affects the crop yields and will not adversely affect the human health and will help in increasing the industrialization and income of local people/farmers.

They also assured that all environmental parameters will be maintained within the prescribed limits and monitored and crosschecked periodically by the members of Pollution Control Board.

6. Shri. Mahaveer Prasad Bijarniyan

He also said that the proposed industrial unit is very essential for the better future of next generation.

He also said that the medicines we take for the treatment of common diseases are manufactured by the same chemicals and the proposed

Management team members thanks to Shri. Mahaveer Prasad Bijarniyan for his full support to the proposed project.





industry will produce the same chemicals normally we used regular bases.

He also requested to the members of industry management to maintain all the environmental guidelines to keep all parameters well within prescribes limits, if they assured us about the same and Employment generation than we are with our full support for the project and have no issue with proposed upcoming project.

7. Shri. Suvalal Khichhar

He said that he has no issue with the proposed project if the industry will be setup according to the Environmental guidelines and existing industries which are not well equipped with appropriate pollution control equipments resulting pollution problems for local people. Industrial Waste should be disposed properly. Proper solid waste disposal site should be provided for all industrial units, because in the adverse situation stinky smell may spread over the region and may be caused of various human diseases.

Management team and environmental consultant (Mr. Yashwant Bordia) also assured that that all pollution control equipments (Scrubber, Bag Filter and other pollution control units) will be installed in the upcoming project. They also assured that all environmental parameters will be maintained within the prescribed limits and monitored and crosschecked periodically by the members of Pollution Control Board.

After “Public Hearing” Proceedings Mr. Vinay Katta address to the people present in the

meeting that the videography of all public hearing proceedings is in progress and any

Objection/Complaint/Suggestion may be given to us in written, which will be forwarded for

the necessary action. The details for the same are as given as follows;

S. No. Name of the Person Brief Detail

1. Shri. Hari Singh Baloda and other to not issue the Environmental Clearance

2. Shri. Surya Mandal Samaj Sewa Samiti

to not issue the Environmental Clearance

3. Shri. Vinit Kumar S/o Shri Satyanarayana

In favor to issue the Environmental Clearance

After that the project related information given by industry representative/ Mr. Yashwant

Bordia, which are as follows;





1. To fulfill the total water requirement of the proposed industry, 5KLD water will be

supplied by RIICO and out of the total 2.5KLD water will be treated and recycled.

There is a proposal of “Rain Water Harvesting System” to meet the water

requirements in the proposed upcoming project for other 3/4 months so the ground

water will be recharged properly.

2. To keep the environmental parameters well within the prescribed limits all pollution

control equipments will be installed in Close Circuit System.

3. No waste Water or Gas will be discharged outside of the proposed project premises.

4. Help will be taken to minimize the pollution levels in the proposed industry from

Pollution Control Board and other Organization working in the same field.

5. A Model for the local environmental conditions has been implemented to assess the

existing environmental parameters and found well within the prescribed limits.

6. Representative also told that efforts will be made to development the local

environment including education and employment will be undertaken on priority

bases.

Project related information also given by Project Proponent Shri Kaleem Ji, which are as follows; 1. Priority will be given to local people for the transportation of product of the

proposed project.

2. Chemical Seed treatment will be conducted in the proposed industry so the crop

yields will be increased and farmers will be benefited will help to improve Socio-

economically. This is the right step for this direction.





CHAPTER 7 : SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

7.1. PRELUDE

The present study was aimed at identifying the potential environmental impacts due to the various project activities, assessment of impact, mitigation measures, and at developing an environmental management and monitoring plans for proper mitigation of any adverse environmental impact. In this study, the various activities likely to take place during the construction and operation phases of the project have been analyzed in relation to the baseline condition of different environmental components. The mitigation measures proposed for the construction and operation stages have been proposed and the potential residual impacts discussed. The key points considered in this study are described in the following sections:

7.2. REGULATORY COMPLIANCE

The project is yet at its technical investigation stage. Prior to its implementation, it will be necessary to acquire all the necessary clearance from the Government of India, as per the applicable national regulations. Key clearances include obtaining No Objection Certificate from the Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board (RPCB) under The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Rules, 1975; The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Rules, 1982. In addition to that Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals (MSIHC) Rules, 1989 and amendments thereafter, Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Trans-Boundary Movement) Rules, 2008, Bio Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998 and amendments thereafter, Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000 and amendments thereafter will also be applicable to the industry.

7.3. BASELINE CONDITIONS

The monitoring of the existing environmental conditions of the proposed project site and of its close vicinity have been established with respect to physical, biological and human environment.

The air quality of the area meets the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards applicable for the Residential & Rural Areas except the “PM” which is due to local phenomenon. The background noise levels were also found well within the standards as at present most of the area is not developed.

The ground water quality prevails in the study area were in good agreement with IS: 10500 permissible limits. Overall the surface water quality of canal, pond and minor is meeting the Class ‘C’, Class D of BDU Criteria of CPCB for its suitability for wild life and fisheries.

Ambient noise level of the study area is within the prescribed National Ambient Noise Quality Standard for respective residential, commercial and industrial category at all the monitored locations.

7.4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

The project entails various impacts on the study area, some negative and some positive.

This chapter concludes on the findings that emerged from the environmental assessment study and summarizes the key points to be addressed to ensure the environmental sustainability of the project during the construction and operation phases.





There is going to no adverse impact on water quality or water demand due to proposed project. Rather overall fresh water demand will get reduced from the present level due to treated effluent recycle.

The impact (incremental GLC) due to the new stacks were computed and all pollutants post project GLC will be well within NAAQ norms except PM which is already high due to natural and other commercial and traffic causes.

There will be no adverse impact on land or noise level due to proposed project.

CIF has taken adequate measures for EHS aspects for the proposed project. In addition, recommendations have been made to further strengthen the EHS measures, energy conservation and other EMP aspects.

7.5. RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the environmental impact assessment conducted, the following recommendations are made:

▪ Since regulations are fast changing in India, the project proponent must keep himself or herself updated with respect to applicable laws and take appropriate actions in case the provisions in some regulations undergo change.

▪ The impacts envisaged due to construction activities will be for short limited period. Impact due to operational activities, systems of periodic auditing and reporting shall be adopted during the operation period to ensure that the system adheres to the EMP.

▪ The project proponent and its team of consultants and contractors are urged to develop a strategy for effective communication with local people. The construction team/ developer should effectively follow the suggestions made in the EMP and/ or any other environmental measures so as not to damage the environment of the project area.

▪ CSR activities should be taken up in association with district authorities.





CHAPTER 8 : DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

Declaration by Experts Contributing To the EIA/EMP REPORT of Manufacturing of Technical

Grade Pesticides 500 TPA At Plot Number: E-23ASKS Industrial Area Reengus District Sikar

(Rajasthan) By “Central Insecticides & Fertilizers.” I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the

EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.

EIA Coordinator:

Name: P.K Srivastava

Signature

Period of involvement January 2016 to finalization of report

Contact Information: 011-30003200

Functional Area Experts

Functional Areas Name of the

Expert

Involvement (Period and Task**) Jan 2016 to finalization of report

Signature

Air Pollution Monitoring & Control

(AP)**** S K Jain

• Micro Meteorology and air pollution monitoring planning also quality check.

• Impact assessment, mitigation & environmental management plan preparation.

Air Quality Modeling and Prediction

(AQ)****

Sanjeev Sharma

• Analysis of collected baseline data

• Processing of micrometeorological data for using in model.

• Analysis of predicted impact due to the modelling result.

Water Pollution (WP)

S K Jain

• Water Quality monitoring network designing.

• Sampling of water samples (surface and ground water).

• Monitoring of water quality.

• Water Balance

• Identification & assessment of quantum of water pollution and its Mitigation measures.

• ETP Suggestion.

Noise and Vibration* Sanjeev Sharma

• Analysis of collected baseline data

• Processing of data for modelling purposed.

• Analysis of predicted impact due to the modelling result.





Functional Areas Name of the

Expert

Involvement (Period and Task**) Jan 2016 to finalization of report

Signature

Ecology and Bio-diversity

Conservation (EB)**

Ratnesh Kotiyal

• Conducted Ecological survey & preparation of status report.

• Application of taxonomy in resource inventory (Flora & Fauna)

• List of species animals and plants report.

• Identification & assessment of ecological impact due to proposed project and its Mitigation measures.

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Management (SHW) S K Jain

• Identification of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes.

• Reuse and recycling of solid wastes.

• Handling and disposal of Non- Hazardous solid waste & Hazardous waste.

Socio-Economics (SE)***

T G Ekande

• Baseline socio economic survey (Interviews, Questionnaires, focused group discussion)

• Evaluation of Socio economic development status of the area.

• Enterprise social commitment provisions.

Risk and Hazards (RH)

P K Srivastava

• Identification of hazards due to proposed project.

• Identification of hazardous substances in the proposed project.

• Preparation of risk assessment report and onsite emergency plan.

Hydrology, Ground Water & Water

Conservation (HG)

Mr. Yamesh Sharma

• Site visit, contribution to Baseline environment and contribution to EIA documentation

Land Use Mr. Anil Kumar • Site visit, contribution to Baseline

environment and contribution to EIA documentation (April-15 to Till Now))

Shweta: NV, Dr. Alok Singh: AQ, RH, EB. Anil Kumar: SE, Om Prakash: AP & AQ, Nisha Rani: HG Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization/Authorized Person

I, S.K. Jain, hereby confirm that the above-mentioned experts the EIA/EMP REPORT for

Manufacturingof Technical Grade Pesticides 500 TPA at Plot Number: E-23A SKS Industrial

Area Reengus District Sikar (Rajasthan) By “Central Insecticides & Fertilizers.” I also confirm

that the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any mis-leading information

mentioned in this statement.

Name: S.K. Jain

Signature

Designation: Director, Technical

Name of the EIA Consultant organization EQMS India Pvt. Ltd.

Documents

environmentclearance.nic.inenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/21032018...Document No. EIA/CI&F/2017/1/R01 March-2018 Environmental Impact Assessment For MANUFACTURING OF