Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - 1974For “the structure and functional organization of the cell”

Christian de Duve George E. PaladeAlbert Claude

Modern Cell Biology – Structure and FunctionA Membrane Bound Perspective

1938 - Electron microscope available

Albert Claude – Rockefeller Institute used EM for visualizing cells Invented differential centrifugation and went on to discover the endoplasmic reticulum

George Palade – Discovered ribosomes and determined that they carry out protein synthesis

Went on to show that vesicles travel from ER to golgi to outside of the cell

Christian de Duve – Used fractionation to isolate groups of enzymes discovered lysosome and perioxisome

A WELL-KNOWN TECHNIQUE FOR USING 35S OR 3H TO STUDY PROTEIN MOVEMENT

WITHIN A CELL

After 10 minutes, insulinmoves from ER to Golgi

Pulse of pancreatic B cells with 3H

After 45 minutes, the protein is found in the secretory granules

Flourescence Recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)Flourescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) pg 608 in your book

Three main types of coated vesicles:

Clathrin is also involved in receptor mediated endocytosis

http://www.abcam.com/

BOTH Clathrin and COPI/II assembly requires GTPases