noise or Interferenceinterference is defined as whatever impedes accurate communication

Three types of interference

1.EXTERNAL

2.SPEAKER

GENERATED

3.INTERNAL

Both speaker and listener can carry internal interference into the communication process

stereotypes can affect interactions

Internal mental interference occurs when the parties communicating do not focus on what they are hearing due to their own preconceived ideas about each other.Stereotyping is something everyone does and that can easily lead to not sending or receiving a clear message

It is a held mental picture that represents an oversimplified opinion, prejudiced attitude or critical judgment of individuals or members of a group. Stereotypes are standardized and simplified conceptions based on some prior assumptions.

American journalist Walter Lippmann in 1922 coined the metaphor, calling a stereotype a "picture in our heads, whether right or wrong”.

In the world of printing a stereotype was a duplicate of an original. The words cliché and stereotype were both originally printers' words, and their meanings were the same.

Where did the word come from?What does it mean?

•A stereotype can be deemed 'positive', or 'negative'. •Stereotypes can have a negative and positive impact.

•For the most part they are negative.

•Negative effects may include forming inaccurate opinions of people, scapegoating, biased judgmentalism

•Stereotypes are found everywhere. •They have existed since the beginning of time in everyday life through religion, politics and the media.•The media often uses and misrepresents stereotypes and these become significantly accepted by people that see or read or hear them.

•TV shows such as the Simpsons or Family Guy are all based on stereotypes.

•Sociologists believe that mental labeling is necessary and inescapable.

•They have concluded that stereotypes do not only exist, but are actually a never ending chain of thoughts. •People stereotype to avoid taking in all of the complexities of other people as individuals. •It is an efficient way to mentally organize large blocks of information.

•Categorization enables us to simplify, predict and organize our world.

•Assigning general group characteristics to members of that group saves time and satisfies the need to predict the social world in tidy categories.

When a small percentage of a certain group confirms a stereotype, it becomes stronger.

First impressions are usually wrong. Unfortunately, they often turn into stereotypes, which then turn into the truth.

According to the never-dying anti-Semitic stereotype, Jews are above all financially astute, with a highly flexible sense of ethics, sharpies, operators par excellence. Bernie Madoff, alas, plays to this stereotype to perfection.Epstein, Joseph. "'Uncle Bernie' And the Jews." Newsweek 19 Jan. 2009

(Chuck Klosterman's AMERICA).

A stereotype that pervades the culture the way “angry white punks" and "forgetful seniors" do makes people painfully aware of how society views them. In fact, that knowledge of the stereotype can affect behavior.

During a breakfast with reporters, southern-born presidential strategist JAMES CARVILLE warned against stereotyping Southerners as being ignorant and easy to corrupt. But later he told the gathering to beware of the President's enemies because “some of them are paying for damaging information. “ "You know," he said, "when you drag hundred-dollar bills through trailer parks, there's no telling what you'll find. I know those people ... I used to make out with some of them."

The Slippery Slope

By not evaluating if your message or your interpretation of the message is being influenced by stereotypes you risk promoting interference of the communication process.Stereotyping of the speaker or listener allow for co-existing prejudices of ethnocentricity, sexism and scapegoating to further internal interference.

"Beware of stereotypes." Time 18 Apr. 1994: 22. Professional Collection. Web. 16 Feb. 2010.

Begley, Sharon. "The Stereotype Trap: From 'white men can't jump' to 'girls can't do math,' negative images that are pervasive in the culture." Newsweek 6 Nov. 2000: 66. Professional Collection. Web. 16 Feb. 2010.

SMITH, J. W. (2001). Race and Religion`s Role in Stereotypes and Perceived Social Standings . National Undergraduate Research Clearinghouse, http://www.webclearinghouse.net/volume/. Retrieved February 17, 2010 .

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 16 Feb. 2010 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

Epstein, Joseph. "'Uncle Bernie' And the Jews." Newsweek 19 Jan. 2009: 36. Professional Collection. Web. 16 Feb. 2010

"Stereotypes In the Media." 123HelpMe.com. 17 Feb 2010 <http://www.123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=21979>.