NOMENCLATURE: TYPE I COMPOUNDSMonday, January 5th

Do Now1. Two non-metals bond and form what kind of

compound?

2. When a non-metal and a metal bond, what kind of compound do they form?

3. Where are metals on the periodic table? Non-metals?

DHMODHMO is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and kills uncounted thousands of people every year. Most of these deaths are caused by accidental inhalation of DHMO, but the dangers of DHMO do not end there. Prolonged exposure to its solid form causes severe tissue damage. Symptoms of DHMO ingestion can include excessive sweating and urination, and possibly a bloated feeling, nausea, vomiting and body electrolyte imbalance. For those who have become dependent, DHMO withdrawal means certain death.• is also known as hydroxyl acid, and is the major component of acid rain.• contributes to the "greenhouse effect."• may cause severe burns.• contributes to the erosion of our natural landscape.• accelerates corrosion and rusting of many metals.• may cause electrical failures and decreased effectiveness of automobile brakes.• has been found in excised tumors of terminal cancer patients.• contamination has been found in all floodwaters where death has occurred and violent

thunderstorm rains containing destructive lightning.• changing from crystalline to liquid is a leading cause of the destruction of arctic ice and glaciers.

Despite the Danger…DHMO is often used:• as an industrial solvent and coolant.• in nuclear power plants.• in the production of styrofoam.• as a fire retardant.• in many forms of cruel animal research.• in the distribution of pesticides. Even after washing, produce remains

contaminated by this chemical.• as an additive in certain "junk-foods" and other food products.• to dissolve medicines before giving them to children and older adults.• Companies dump waste DHMO into rivers and the ocean, and nothing can be

done to stop them because this practice is still legal. The impact on wildlife is extreme, and we cannot afford to ignore it any longer!

Nomenclature• We will begin with the systems for naming binary

compounds— compounds composed of two elements—which we classify into various types for easier recognition. We will consider both ionic and covalent compounds.

• We will discuss three types of compounds1. Binary Ionic Compounds (type I)

2. Binary Ionic Compounds (type II)

3. Binary Covalent Compounds (type III)

Binary Ionic Compounds- Type I• Binary ionic compounds contain a positive ion (cation) always

written first in the formula and a negative ion (anion). • In naming these compounds, the following rules apply:

1. The cation is always named first and the anion second.

2. A monatomic (meaning “one-atom”) cation takes its name from the name of the element. For example, Na+ is called sodium in the names of compounds containing this ion.

3. A monatomic anion is named by taking the root of the element name and adding -ide. Thus the Cl- ion is called chloride.

Type I Binary Ionic CompoundsCompound Ions Present Name

NaCl

KI

CaS

Li3N

CsBr

MgO

Name each binary compound.a. CsF b. AlCl3 c. LiH

It’s important to balance the charges• So far we have started with the chemical formula of a

compound and decided on its systematic name. The reverse process is also important. For example, given the name calcium hydroxide, we can write the formula as Ca(OH)2 because we know that calcium forms only Ca2+ ions and that, since hydroxide is OH-, two of these anions will be required to give a neutral compound.

Given the following systematic names, write the formula for each compound:

a. potassium iodide

b. calcium oxide

c. gallium bromide