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NON-EQUATORIAL
OTEC APPLICATIONS
WILLIAM H. KUMM
PRESIDENT, AEL
April 27, 2005
ENERGY OCEAN CONFERENCE
Washington Convention Center, D.C.
Pg.6-3
“NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY” MAY 2001, Pg. 6-3
“ENDING THE ENERGY STALEMATE” DEC 2004,
Pg. 65
AND THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY,
ARE ALL, SURPRISINGLY, USING VERY
NARROW MINDED THINKING, BECAUSE:
THE CONUS HAS AN OCEAN ON THREE SIDES,
AND
THE SUN SHINES ON THESE OCEANS AS WELL.
DON’T DO THIS, DO OTEC INSTEAD
AT-SEA
OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY
CONVERSION (OTEC)
PLANT-SHIPS CAN
UNIQUELY
CAPTURE SOLAR ENERGY
24 HOURS PER DAY
ON-LAND SOLAR CAPTURE IS ONLY 33%
EFFICIENT (8/24 HOURS)
CONSIDER SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA’S NEEDS
• LARGE INCREASES IN
“CLEAN AIR”
ELECTRICITY
• LARGE INCREASES IN
POTABLE WATER BY
DESALINATION
SATISFYING CA NEEDS:
HYDROGEN IS THE CLEANEST FUEL
FOR BOTH ELECTRIC UTILITIES &
AUTOMOBILES
AT-SEA OTEC DESALINATED WATER,
PLUS HYDROGEN FUEL (SHIPPED AS
AMMONIA BY TANKERS), HAVE NO
COASTAL ZONE IMPACTS
A
1
9
8
0
S
T
U
D
Y
NH3
TURBINE
GENERATOR
NH3
EVAPORATOR
NH3
CONDENSER
DISCHARGE
CHARGE
POWER TO
BALANCE OF PLANT
AND ELECTROLYZER
WARM
SEAWATER
CLOSED-CYCLE OTEC
POWER MODULE
PRODUCT WATERMULTISTAGE FLASH EVAPORATOR
STAGE 1 STAGE 2 STAGE 3 STAGE 4 COLD
SEAWATER
Schematic Flow Diagram
for a Hybrid-Cycle At-Sea
OTEC Water PlantPer T. Rabas, C. Panchal and L. Genens,
Argonne National Laboratory, DOE, 1991
OTEC
CLOSED
LOOP POWER
PLANT
ELEC-
TRO-
LYZER
LOAD &
UNLOAD
PUMP
(UN-
LOAD
PUMP)
STAGED
FLASH
EVAPO-
RATOR
PS
CREW
ROTATION
PLANT-
SHIP (PS)
OPERATIONS
P S & TAN-
KER CREW
ROTATIONS
PRODUCT
TANKER
OPERATIONS
WARM
SURFACE
WATER
PUMP
COLD
DEEP
WATER
PUMP
LOAD &
UNLOAD
PUMP
(UN-
LOAD
PUMP)
SELF PROP.
POWER
PLANT
SYSTEM
CREW OPE-
RATIONS
BUSINESS
MANAGE-
MENT
SELF
POWER &
HOTEL
LOADS
FR. WATER
STORAGE
TANKS
PRODUCT
CRYOGEN.
TANKS
FRESH
WATER
TANKS
UN-
LOAD
TERM.
UN-
LOAD
TERM.
I I
I II I
I I
COLD WATER
PIPE (CWP)
Deep Cold Water
WarmSurfaceWater
PIPE
$ Income
$ Income
Potable
Water
kWh
AT-SEA “GRAZING” PLANTSHIP ROUTE-FLEXIBLE PRODUCT TANKER LANDSIDE OPERATION
042205 AEL
kWh
Heat
CoolingBoil-Off Heat
kWh
kWh
kWh
WATER
DISTRIB.
AGENCY
ELECT.
UTILITY &
DISTRIB. PIPE
I I I I
NITRO-
GEN FIX
FROM
ATMOS.
kWh
H O
NH 3
2
N2
2H
2O
AMMONIA
SYNTH. &
CRYO.
TANKS
Brine
SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
OTECPLANTSHIPSARETSU-NAMIWAVEIMPER-VIOUS.
COAST-LINE
FACILI-TEES
ARE NOT.
AN ENERGY COMMODITY IN TRANSIT TO CONUS MARKETS
CRYOGENICBULK TRANSPORT
CA
PIT
AL
IN
VE
ST
ME
NT
$
/DW
T
OR
OP
ER
AT
ING
C
OS
T
$/D
WT
D
EL
IVE
RE
D NON-CRYO.TRANSPORT
L [H2] L [CH4] or “LNG”
L [NH3] L [H2O]or WATER
At +15°C
At - 33°C
At - 95°C
At - 258°C
TYPE OF SHIP / COMMODITY DELIVERED
ENERGY MACRO-ECONOMIC COMPARISON
1. LNG IMPORTS MANY NEGATIVES
• FOREIGN SOURCE
• FOREIGN SHIPS
• FOREIGN CREWS
• FLAG-OF-CONVENIENCEREGISTRY
2. OTEC SYSTEMS MANY POSITIVES
• DOMESTIC SOURCE
• DOMESTIC SHIPS
• DOMESTIC CREWS
• LIMITLESS CAPACITY
• NH3 COMMERCE IS ROUTINE
• 2NH3 + Heat N2 + 3H2
• FEW CONUS JOBS
• $ BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
• STRATEGIC DEPENDENCE
• NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY
• RENEWABLE - SOLAR DRIVEN
• US SHIPYARDS – JONES ACT SHIPS
• “HYDROGEN ECONOMY” BULK TRANSPORT
• MULTIPLE CARGOES – H2O, NH3 & O2
• BACKS OUT FOREIGN CRUDE & LNG
• PROMOTES ENERGY INDEPENDENCE
INCLUDING HYDROGEN
TRANSPORT AS AMMONIA
AT-SEA SOLAR-AT-SEA SOLAR-
DRIVEN OCEANDRIVEN OCEAN
DESALINATIONDESALINATION
AND HYDROGENAND HYDROGEN
PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION
THE
H2 TEC®
SYSTEM
2005A TEAM OF COMPANIES LED BY ARCTIC ENERGIES LTD.
511 HEAVITREE LANE, SEVERNA PARK, MD 21146-1010,
TEL 410 987 5454, FAX 410 987 7549