Non-official coverFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In espionage, agents under non-official cover (NOC) are operatives who assume covert roles inorganizations without ties to the government for which they work. Such agents or operatives are typicallyabbreviated in espionage lingo as a NOC (pronounced "knock").[1] These agents are also known as"illegals".[2] Non-official cover is contrasted with official cover, where an agent assumes a position at anotherwise benign department of their government, such as the diplomatic service. This provides the agentwith official diplomatic immunity, thus protecting them from the steep punishments normally meted out tocaptured spies. Upon discovery of an official cover agent's secret hostile role, the host nation often declaresthe agent persona non grata and orders them to leave the country.

Agents under non-official cover do not have this "safety net", and if captured or charged they are subject tosevere criminal punishments, up to and including execution. Agents under non-official cover are also usuallytrained to deny any connection with their government, thus preserving plausible deniability, but also denyingthem any hope of diplomatic legal assistance or official acknowledgment of their service. Sometimes, entirefront companies or strawman entities are established in order to provide false identities for agents.

Contents

1 History2 Examples3 References4 See also5 External links

History

An agent sent to spy on a foreign country might, for instance, work as a businessperson, a worker for anon-profit organization (such as a humanitarian group), or an academic. For example, the CIA's IshmaelJones spent nearly two decades as a NOC.[3]

Many of the agents memorialized without names or dates of service on the CIA Memorial Wall are assumedto have been killed or executed in a foreign country while serving as NOC agents. In nations with establishedand well-developed spy agencies, the majority of captured non-native NOC agents have, however,historically been repatriated through prisoner exchanges for other captured NOCs as a form of gentlemen'sagreement.

Some countries have regulations regarding the use of non-official cover: the CIA, for example, has at timesbeen prohibited from disguising agents as members of certain aid organizations, or as members of the clergy.

The degree of sophistication put into non-official cover stories varies considerably. Sometimes, an agent willsimply be appointed to a position in a well-established company which can provide the appropriateopportunities. Other times, entire front companies can be established in order to provide false identities foragents.

Examples include Air America, used by the CIA during the Vietnam War, and Brewster Jennings &Associates, used by the CIA in WMD investigations and made public as a result of the Plame affair.

Non-official cover - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-official_cover

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The journalist Udo Ulfkotte made a statement, referring to his past career at the German newspaperFrankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, that he worked as a non-official cover for the Central IntelligenceAgency.[4]

Examples

Nicholas Anderson is a real NOC who wrote an account of his service in a fictionalized autobiography (asper British law). The original non-fiction manuscript breached the UK Official Secrets Act in 2000 andappeared in a 100 banned books list published in 2003.

Michael Ross, a former Mossad officer, operated as a Mossad NOC or "combatant" as described in hismemoir, The Volunteer: The Incredible True Story of an Israeli Spy on the Trail of International Terrorists,Skyhorse Publishing, September 2007, ISBN 978-1-60239-132-1.

Chuck Barris made a satirical claim to have been a NOC with 33 kills. His story was recounted in the bookand movie Confessions of a Dangerous Mind.

Fictional examples are featured in the books Confessions of a Dangerous Mind, Debt of Honor, Ted Bell'sPirate, and The Eleventh Commandment; in the movies Mission: Impossible, Spy Game, The BourneIdentity, Safe House, and The Recruit; and the TV shows The Americans, Burn Notice, Spooks and CovertAffairs.

References

^ Shannon, Elaine (February 20, 1995). "Spies for the New Disorder" (http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,982540-1,00.html). Time. Time, Inc. Retrieved 2008-02-19.

1.

^ Clandestine HUMINT operational techniques2.^ John Weisman (September 7, 2010). "Tripping Over CIA's Bureaucratic Hurdles"(http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/sep/07/baring-bureaucratic-hurdles-at-cia/). Washington Times.Retrieved 2010-03-19.

3.

^ "Dr Udo Ulfkotte, journalist and author, on RT" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yp-Wh77wt1o) .September 29, 2014.

4.

See also

Illegals ProgramSecret identity

External links

nicholasanderson.info (http://www.nicholasanderson.info)

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Categories: Covert organizations Spies by role

This page was last modified on 20 October 2014, at 16:58.

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