Non-pharmacological treatments for Diabetes

Mellitus

ContentsDiabetes Mellitus (DM)Management of DM (non-

pharmacological treatments)• Dietary management• Physical activities• Stress management

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

The collection of abnormalities characterized by hyperglycaemia due to absolute or relative insulin deficiency.

Management of DM

MedicationsLife style changes

Medical nutrition (Dietary)

Physical activities

InsulinAnti-

diabetic

Physical activities

Dietary management

Stress management

Non-pharmacological

Treatments

Dietary Management

Aims – • To achieve good glycaemic control &

adequate nutritional intake• To assist with weight management• To prevent/postpone complications of DM

Dietary recommendations• Individualized according to

patient’s ethnicity, cultural, religious & family backgrounds.• Timed according to patient’s daily

routine.• Flexible

Carbohydrates

Consumption of carbohydrates which have low Glycaemic Index (GI)

Glycaemic Index (GI)

Measure of the effects of carbohydrates on blood glucose level.

GI

digestion & absorption of foods

rate of glucose entering in to the circulation

Blood glucose level gradually increases

Sources of carbohydrates

Use – Cereals, mixed coarse grains, whole pulses, salads, red rice, fruits & vegetables (low GI),brown bread

- Foods containing dietary fibres (oats, pulses)

Avoid – sugar, honey, jaggery, sweets, white rice, white bread (high GI)

Sources of protein

Essential amino acids

Vegetable proteins, low fat milk & milk products, fish & lean meats

Sources of fat• Saturated fat (ghee, butter) -

<7% of total caloric intake• Dietary cholesterol intake -

<300mg/day.• Use more than one edible oil.

ω-6 & ω-3 fatty acids• Avoid hydrogenated fat.

Physical Activities (Exercises)

•Regular exercise is essential.

•Specially for patients with Type 2 DM.

•Brisk walk 30-60min/day & 5days/week.

•Exercise schedule must be suited for each individual according to his/her physical strength..

Benefits• Improvement in Insulin sensitivity.• Reduction of HT.•Weight management.• Improvement of lipid profile.• Improve the function of CVS.• Increase bone density• Improve the quality of life.•Mental and physical wellness.

Stress Management

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Stress ManagementBehavioral modification.Positive thinking.Meditation.Satisfactory treatment plans and

special attention.Optimal family support.Appropriate support and

counseling.Improve skills (reading, writing,

poetry…)

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to Madam A. Attanayake for her valuable guidance

to make this presentation successful.

Thank YouLIG