NON –VERBAL COMMUNICATION

PRASHANT K SAHU

MBA-UPES DEHRADUN

INTRODUCTION Non-Verbal (non word) communication means

all communication without words.

Nonverbal communication (NVC) is usually understood as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages.

The ability to understand and use nonverbal communication is a powerful tool that will help you connect with others, express what you really mean, navigate challenging situations, and build better relationships at home and work.

Studies show that during interpersonal communication7% of the message is verbally

communicated while 93% of the message is non-verbally

transmitted.

Of the 93% non verbal communication, ○ 38% is through vocal tones, ○ 55% is through facial expressions and

non-verbal acts.

Roles in Non-Verbal Communication

Nonverbal communication cues can play five roles:

Repetition: they can repeat the message the person is making verbally

Contradiction: they can contradict a message the individual is trying to convey

Substitution: they can substitute for a verbal message. For example, a person's eyes can often convey a far more vivid message than words and often do

Complementing: they may add to or complement a verbal message. A boss who pats a person on the back in addition to giving praise can increase the impact of the message

Accenting: they may accent or underline a verbal message. Pounding the table, for example, can underline a message.

Types Of Non- Verbal Communication

BODY LANGUAGE

CLOTHING/ARTIFACTUAL COMMUNICATION

VOICE /PARALANGUAGE

SPACE DISTANCE/PROXEMIC FACTORS

COLOUR

TIME/CHRONEMICS

TOUCH/HAPTICS

Body Language

“The bodily gestures, postures, and facial expressions by which a person communicates nonverbally with others”

-(Soukhanov 1992:211).

KINESICS: POSTURE GESTURE FACIAL EXPRESSIONS GAZE / EYE CONTACT

Types of Body Language communication

Body Language

Facial expression(s) Eyes Lips Arms Hands Fingers legs

The Face

Since the face cannot be easily hidden, it is an important source of nonverbal information and communicates a variety of emotions.

In addition, eye contact, pupil size, and the smile provide additional cues to informed observers.

Facial Expression(s)

Forehead Wrinkles Anger

Eyebrows Outer edges up

Anger

Nose Upward Contempt

Eyes

Centered Focused

Wandering Disinterested, Bored

Gazing Up Thinking

Gazing Down Shame

Gaze on the Side Guilty

Lips

Parted Relaxed, Happy

Together Possibly Concerned

Wide Open Very Happy / Very Angry

Arms

Arms Crossed Angry, Disapproving

Open Honest, Accepting

Hands

On Top of the Head Amazement

Scratching Head Puzzled , Confused

Rubbing Eyes Tired

Rubbing Chinfolded

Thinking,Timid, Shy

Fingers

Fingers Interlocked

Tense

Pointing at you Angry

OK Signal Fine

V Sign Peace

LEGS•The way we move and position our legs can convey a wide range of attitudes and emotions.•If someone is seated and their legs are fully extended, this indicates the subject is losing interest.•Crossed legs tend to seem disagreement.•Sitting with your legs crossed and elevated foot moving in a slight circular motion indicates boredom or impatience

Interpreting Body Language

Responsive Reflective

Combative Fugitive

OPEN

BACK

CLOSED

FORWARD

Responsive

ENGAGED leaning forward Open Body Open Arms Open Hands EAGER (sprint position) Open Legs Feet under Chair On Toes READY TO AGREE closes papers Pen Down Hands Flat on Table

Reflective

LISTENING with head tilted Lots of Eye Contact Nodding High Blink Rate EVALUATING : sucking glasses / pencil Stroking Chin Looking Up and Right Legs crossed Ankle on Knee ATTENTIVE (standing) Arms behind Back Smile Open Feet

SPACE Have you ever felt uncomfortable during a

conversation because the other person was standing too close and invading your space? We all have a need for physical space, although that need differs depending on the culture, the situation, and the closeness of the relationship. You can use physical space to communicate many different nonverbal messages, including signals of intimacy, aggression, dominance, or affection.

LOOKING NERVOUS Crossed arms and legs Carrying books or papers across your

chest Slumped posture Sitting perched on the edge of the chair Tapping foot Rocking leg Drumming fingers Biting nails

Paralanguage

Paralanguage, meaning “like language”. sometimes called vocalics) is the study

of nonverbal cues of the voice. Various acoustic properties of speech such as tone, pitch and accent, collectively known as prosody, can all give off nonverbal cues. Paralanguage may change the meaning of words.

Difficulties with nonverbal communication

People vary in their ability to send and receive nonverbal communication. Thus, on average, to a moderate degree, women are better at nonverbal communication than are men.

Measurements of the ability to communicate nonverbally and the capacity to feel empathy have shown that the two abilities are independent of each other.

For people who have relatively large difficulties with nonverbal communication, this can pose significant challenges, especially in interpersonal relationships. There exist resources that are tailored specifically to these people, which attempt to assist those in understanding information which comes more easily to others. A specific group of persons that face these challenges are those with autism spectrum disorders, including Asperger syndrome.

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