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HOLDING THE FORT: NONPROFIT EMPLOYMENT DURING A DECADE
OF TURMOIL
March 28, 2012
S. Wojciech Sokolowski
Johns Hopkins University
MAJOR NATIONAL DATA SOURCES ON NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONS
ECONOMIC CENSUS
IRS ADMINISTRATIVE DATA: EOMF
FORM 990 RETURNS
QUARTERLY CENSUS OF EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES (QCEW)
OUR DATA ASSEMBLY STRATEGY
QCEW MICRODATA
NONPROFIT ECONOMIC DATA
(NED)
IRS RECORDS
KEY FINDINGS
1. MAJOR EMPLOYER
2. SIGNIFICANT SERVICE PROVIDER
3. DYNAMICALLY GROWING
4. RESILIENT IN RECESSION
5. FACING FOR-PROFIT COMPETITION
FINDING #1
MAJOR EMPLOYER10.7 million employees
10.1% of pvt employment
Utilities
Mining
Agriculture
Real estate
Transportation
Wholesale trade
Finance & insurance
Construction
Manufacturing
Retail trade
0.6
0.7
1.1
1.9
3.9
5.5
5.5
5.5
10.7
11.5
14.5
millions of persons*50 states and DC
NONPROFIT SECTOR*
EMPLOYMENT IN THE NONPROFIT SECTOR
VS. SELECTED INDUSTRIES, 2010
NONPROFIT EMPLOYMENT AS A SHARE OFPRIVATE EMPLOYMENT, BY REGION, 2010
N=10.7 million
FINDING #2
SIGNIFICANTSERVICE
PROVIDER
Edu-catio
n; 15%
Hospitals; 37%
Nurs-ing
homes,
11%
Social assis-tance; 13%
Arts; 3%
Other; 4% Professional services, 2%
Civic associa-tions, 7%
Ambulatory health, 9%
NONPROFIT EMPLOYMENT 45 STATES AND DC, BY FIELD, 2010
Health 57%
N=10.7 million
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
ARTS
OTHER SERVICES
ALL HEALTH
SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
EDUCATION
3%
14%
16%
16%
36%
84%
43%
54%
64%
Percent of private employment
Hospitals
Nursing homes
Ambulatory
NONPROFIT SHARE OF PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT, BY FIELD, 2010
FINDING #3
DYNAMICALLYGROWING
ANNUAL AVERAGE EMPLOYMENT CHANGE, NONPROFIT VS. FOR-PROFIT, 2000-2010
2.1%
-0.6%
Series1
3.3%
2.8%
1.6% 1.8% 1.9% 2.
2% 2.5%
2.6%
1.2%
0.8%
-1.0
%
-1.9
%
-0.6
%
1.3%
2.0%
1.9%
1.0%
-1.1
%
-6.2
%
-0.9
%
Nonprofit For-profit
perc
ent
chan
ge
2000-2001
2005-2006
2004-2005
2003-2004
2002-2003
2001-2002
2009-2010
2008-2009
2007-2008
2006-2007
ANNUAL CHANGES IN EMPLOYMENT NONPROFIT VS. FOR-PROFIT, 2000-2010
Region Nonprofit For-profit
Mountain 3.40% 0.30%
South Atlantic 2.60% -0.50%
Pacific 2.10% 0.30%
New England 1.90% -0.90%
West North Central 1.80% -0.20%
Middle Atlantic 1.70% -0.70%
East North Central 1.70% -1.50%
West South Central 1.60% -0.10%
East South Central 1.50% -0.80%
USA* 2.10% -0.60% *45 states and DC
AVERAGE ANNUAL CHANGES IN NONPROFIT EMPLOYMENT, BY REGION,
2000-2010
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
ARTS
OTHER SERVICES
ALL HEALTH
SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
EDUCATION
0.9%
2.7%
1.2%
3.8%
1.3%
1.8%
2.0%
2.2%
2.6%
Hospitals
Nursing homes
Ambulatory care
ANNUAL AVERAGE CHANGE IN NONPROFIT EMPLOYMENT, BY FIELD,
2000-2010
FINDING #4
RESILIENT IN RECESSION
2002-2007 expansion* 2007-2009 recession*
2.0% 1.9%
1.1%
-3.7%* Annual averages
Nonprofit
For-Profit
CHANGES IN EMPLOYMENT DURING THE BUSINESS CYCLE, NONPROFIT VS. FOR-
PROFIT, 45 STATES AND DC
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
ARTS
OTHER SERVICES
ALL HEALTH
SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
EDUCATION
2.2%
3.1%
0.1%
3.7%
1.3%
1.4%
2.0%
1.5%
2.3%
Hospitals
Nursing homes
Ambulatory care
AVERAGE ANNUAL CHANGE IN NONPROFIT EMPLOYMENT, BY FIELD,
2007-2009
FINDING #5
FACING FOR-PROFIT
COMPETITION
0.9%
0.1%
0.3%
3.3%
2.3%
0.8%
2.8%
5.4%
4.4%
0.9%
2.7%
1.2%
3.8%
1.3%
1.8%
2.0%
2.2%
2.6%
Hospitals
Nursing homes
Ambulatory care
EDUCATION
SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
ALL HEALTH
OTHER SERVICES
ARTS
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
Nonprofit
For-Profit
ANNUAL AVERAGE EMPLOYMENT CHANGE, NONPROFIT VS. FOR-PROFIT,
2000-2010
-0.01%
2.8%
1.2%
0.7%
-2.2%
1.5%
-2.0%
-7.4%
-3.9%
Hospitals (82.6%)
Nursing homes (38.5%)
Ambulatory care (15.2%)
EDUCATION (67.5%)
SOCIAL ASSISTANCE (61.6%)
ALL HEALTH (45.2%)
OTHER SERVICES (14.9%)
ARTS (11.1%)
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES (3%)
NET CHANGES IN NONPROFIT SHARES OF PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT, BY FIELD, 2000-
2010
LIKELY EXPLANATIONS OF:
DYNAMISM & RESILIENCE• Growth of service sector• Government funding• Demographic trends• Non-profit status
LIKELY EXPLANATIONS OF:
FOR-PROFIT CHALLENGE• Limited access to capital• Higher wages and benefits• State government policies• Organizational behavior
differences
THANK YOUFor more information &
publications, visit
www.ccss.jhu.edu
