Norms and Values in Digital Media

7/30/2019 Norms and Values in Digital Media

1/20

Mkrcs gmj Ugaufs nmJnhntga Cfjng

Ydgpnmh Ykautnkms krg Mfw Frg

Nmjustry Ghfmjg

Bgmugry ?079

Nm ikaagokrgtnkm wntd CiLnmsfy % Ikcpgmy


2/20

Xkraj Fikmkcni Ekruc

?079 # Gaa rnhdts rfsfrvfj-

Mk pgrt k tdns puoanigtnkm cgy of rfprkjuifj kr trgmscnttfj nm gmy krc kr oy gmy cfgms!

nmiaujnmh pdktkikpynmh gmj rfikrjnmh! kr oy gmy nmkrcgtnkm stkrghf gmj rftrnfvga systfc-

Zdf vnfws fxprfssfj grf tdksf k ifrtgnm pgrtninpgmts nm tdf jnsiussnkm gmj jk mkt

mfifssgrnay rffit tdf vnfws k gaa pgrtninpgmts kr k tdf Xkraj Fikmkcni Ekruc-

_FE 760779


3/20

9Ydgpnmh Ykautnkms ekr g Mfw Frg

Zgoaf k Ikmtfmts

: Gostrgit

5 Kvfrvnfw

5 Zdf Jnhntga Xkrajs Xfo k

Ytglfdkajfr Nmtfrfsts! Nmufmifsgmj _fhnkmga gmj Iuaturga Mkrcs

4 Zdf Ckjfst Yuiifss kYtglfdkajfr Gitnkms tk Prktfit krGjvgmif Nmtfrfsts

7: Afsskms tk Gppay nm JfvfakpnmhHakoga Ytgmjgrjs

76 Akklnmh Ekrwgrj2 Prkpksfj Ytfps krPdgsf ? $?079.

75 Prkbfit Ikmtrnoutkrs

78 Pgrtninpgmts nm Prkbfit Xkrlsdkps


4/20

:

Hkvfrmcfmts! ousnmfssfs gmj prnvgtf intnzfms girkss tdf hakofgrf kmay ofhnmmnmh tk umjfrstgmj tdf prkkumj ncpanigtnkms k anvnmhnm g dypfrikmmfitfj wkraj- Pkaninfs gmj prgitnifs jfvfakpfj nmgm gmgakhuf wkraj grf iafgray nmgjfqugtf! gmj fvfry jgy tdfrf grfgttfcpts tk wrntf mfw ruafs! kr idgaafmhf fxnstnmh kmfs! tdgt rfagtf tkprnvgiy! rffjkc k fxprfssnkm! nmtfaafituga prkpfrty prktfitnkm gmjmgtnkmga sfiurnty- Zdksf wdk grf jknmh tdf wrntnmh gmj idgaafmhnmh prnminpgaay hkvfrmcfmts gmj pkaniy#cglfrs! ousnmfssfs gmj trgjfhrkups! hrkups gitnmh km ofdga k prnvgtf intnzfms gmj skcftncfsnmjnvnjuga intnzfms tdfcsfavfs gif nccfmsf idgaafmhfs- Jnhntgacfjng gmj nmkrcgtnkm ktfm trgvfrsf mgtnkmga okumjgrnfs< tdfy

lmkw mk okrjfr- Out krhgmnzgtnkms kpfrgtnmh girkss okrjfrs custrfikhmnzf tdgt tdf usfrs k tdgt nmkrcgtnkm! gmj tdfnr hkvfrmcfmts!ktfm dgvf jnfrfmt iuaturga mkrcs gmj fxpfitgtnkms- Gmj tdksfmkrcs tdfcsfavfs grf idgmhnmh gs jnhntga mgtnvfs ikcf k ghf gmjidgaafmhf kaj krtdkjkxnfs- Eurtdfr! jnhntga tfidmkakhy ikmtnmufs tkfvkavf! cglnmh nt fvfr ckrf jneiuat kr gmykmf tk ikmtrka kr rfhuagtftdf cgmmfr gmj kw k nmkrcgtnkm- Gs g rfsuat! vnrtugaay gaa skinftnfsgrf struhhanmh tk ogagmif tdf nmtfrrfagtfj gmj ktfm kppksnmhnmtfrfsts k hkvfrmcfmts! ousnmfssfs gmj intnzfms girkss gmj wntdnmmgtnkmga okumjgrnfs-

Zdf purpksf k tdns rfpkrt ns mkt tk prkvnjf gmswfrs kr pkaniyrfikccfmjgtnkms gt tdns fgray stghf k tdf hgcf tdgt wkuaj ofprfcgturf- Zdf purpksf ns rgtdfr tk dfap tdf cgbkr stglfdkajfrs

hkvfrmcfmts gmj pkaniy#cglfrs!7

ousnmfssfs gmj prnvgtf intnzfms ofttfr umjfrstgmj tdf ncpgit k gitnkms tk jgtf2 wdgt dgswkrlfj! wdgt dgs mkt! gmj wdy skcf gitnkms dgvf dgj umnmtfmjfjikmsfqufmifs- Zdf hkga ns tk rgcf jnfrfmt kptnkms sk tdgt tdfstglfdkajfrs cgy sff g ofttfr pgtd tkwgrjs tdfnr rfspfitnvf gmjikaafitnvf nmtfrfsts-

Erkc rfsfgrid! wkrlsdkps! nmtfrvnfws gmj igsf gmgaysfs ikmjuitfjhakogaay kvfr tdf agst yfgr! kur kvfrgridnmh kosfrvgtnkms igm ofdnhdanhdtfj gokut tdf wgys nm wdnid hkvfrmcfmts! ousnmfssfs gmjintnzfms dgvf skuhdt tk gjvgmif gmj prktfit tdfnr nmtfrfsts nm rfifmtyfgrs-

Zdns rfpkrt rfprfsfmts ghhrfhgtf vnfws hafgmfj rkc survfys!rfsfgrid gmj nmtfrvnfws gmj jkfs mkt rfprfsfmt tdf nmjnvnjugapksntnkm k gmy ikcpgmy nmvkavfj nm tdf prkbfit-

Gostrgit

7- Hkvfrmcfmt gitnkms tk fmkrif nmtfaafituga prkpfrty kr ikmsucfrprnvgiy agws ikmtnmuf tk cfft wntd cnxfj suiifss! gmj tdfiksts ktfm fxiffj tdf ofmfets-Zdf rfsfgrid nmjnigtfs tdgtcgmy fkrts ncpafcfmtfj oy hkvfrmcfmts grf mkt emgmingaaysustgnmgoaf! gatdkuhd tdf rfsuats vgry wnjfay oy ikumtry- Ekrfxgcpaf! nm skcf ikumtrnfs wgrmnmh ckjfas dgvf prkvfm tk offfitnvf wdnaf nm ktdfrs tdfy dgvf mkt- Hkvfrmcfmts cgy ofmfetckrf oy ikaagokrgtnmh wntd ousnmfssfs gmj intnzfms tk ofttfrumjfrstgmj wdgt pkaninfs cgy of ckst ffitnvf-

?- Kpfm jfvfakpcfmt gmj hrfgtfr nmjustry ikaagokrgtnkm grffssfmtnga kr prktfitnmh nmtfaafituga prkpfrty! sk tdgt grtnsts gmj

rnhdts kwmfrs grf gnray ikcpfmsgtfj wdnaf gask cglnmh tdfnrwkrl wnjfay gvgnagoaf- Ousnmfss stglfdkajfrs rkc ikmtfmtirfgtkrs! ghhrfhgtkrs! gmj jnstrnoutkrs! tk rnhdts dkajfrs gmjnmjustry gsskingtnkms ktfm dgvf jnspgrgtf gmj ikcpftnmhnmtfrfsts- Zdf rfsfgrid nmjnigtfs tdgt ckrf ikcckm usf gmjgjkptnkm k kpfm#skurif gridntfiturfs dkajs orkgj ofmfetskr nmjustry gmj ikmsucfrs- Dkwfvfr! fvfm sffcnmhay kpfmtfidmkakhy gridntfiturfs grf ktfm sdfpdfrjfj oy ikcpgmnfswdksf fikmkcni nmtfrfsts rum ikumtfr tk truf kpfmmfss! wdnidjnsikurghfs ikmtfmt irfgtkrs rkc fcorginmh tdksf vgaufs- Zdfskautnkm ns wnjfr gjkptnkm k fvfm ckrf kpfm gridntfiturfs tdgmfxnst tkjgy-

9- Prktfitnmh ikmsucfr prnvgiy gmj rfagtfj nmjnvnjuga rnhdts ns

fgsnoaf! out tdf ourjfm gaas km jnhntga puoansdfrs! jgtg prkvnjfrsgmj gjvfrtnsfrs! gmj cgy ikcf gt tdf fxpfmsf k sdkrt#tfrcikccfringa nmtfrfsts- Ikmsucfrs wgmt tk cgmghf tdfnr pfrskmgajnhntga jgtg! yft cgmy jk mkt lmkw tk wdgt fxtfmt nmjustry cnmfstdgt jgtg kr ikccfringa kr hkvfrmcfmt purpksfs- Zdf rfsfgridnmjnigtfs tdgt ousnmfssfs jnhntga puoansdfrs! gjvfrtnsfrs gmjikcpgmnfs tdgt hgtdfr pfrskmga jgtg gmj trgil ikmsucfrofdgvnkur grf nm tdf ofst pksntnkm tk prktfit nmjnvnjuga jgtg-G ikcckm pagtkrc! kmf tdgt nmkrcs usfrs gokut wdgtjgtg ns tglfm rkc tdfc gmj kr wdgt purpksf! cgy ginantgtfumjfrstgmjnmh- Ykcf fmvnsnkm g jnhntga cghmg igrtg! nmstntutfjnm ikaagokrgtnkm wntd hkvfrmcfmts! ousnmfssfs gmj intnzfms! tdgtsfrvfs tk fcpkwfr ikmsucfrs tk cglf nmkrcfj jfinsnkms-

:- Hkvfrmcfmts cust iagrny tdf tfmsnkm gmj trgjf#ks! gmj tdfikccfmsurgtf rnsls! oftwffm fkrts tk prktfit prnvgiy gmjrffjkc k fxprfssnkm- Intnzfms vnhkrkusay prktfit tdfnr rnhdtstk prkjuif ikmtfmt gmj tk rffjkc k fxprfssnkm! out cgyumjfrfstncgtf kr gna tk gmtninpgtf tdf ncpgit km hkvfrmcfmtnmtfrfsts- Ekr fvnjfmif! akkl mk urtdfr tdgm tdf rfifmt gmtn#Nsagcni ckvnf Nmmkifmif k Cusancs! gmj tdf vnkafmif nm tdfCusanc wkraj kaakwnmh nts pkstnmh tk kuZuof- Jnhntga ikmtfmtigm inriuagtf hakogaay nm gm nmstgmt! gmj nts ncpgit km tdf intnzfmrygmj km mgtnkmga sfiurnty ns gackst gs nccfjngtf- Ckrf gmj ofttfrnmkrcgtnkm cgy dfap intnzfms git wntd hrfgtfr gwgrfmfss kpktfmtnga ikmsfqufmifs-

7Zdf tfrc hkvfrmcfmt dfrf rffrs tk hkvfrmcfmtga okjnfs! pkaniy#cglfrs gmj nmtfrmgtnkmgamkm#hkvfrmcfmtga krhgmnzgtnkms tdgt ofdgvf anlf hkvfrmcfmtga okjnfs kr pkaniy#cglfrs!fxifpt wdfm nt ofikcfs mfifssgry tk spfiny tdksf suo#gitkrs k hkvfrmcfmt tdgt dgvfjnvfrhfmt nmtfmt-

Mkrcs gmj Ugaufs nm Jnhntga Cfjng


5/20


6/20

5

Zkjgys dypfrikmmfitfj wkraj prfsfmts mfw kppkrtumntnfs krpfkpaf tk afgrm rkc fgid ktdfr tdgm fvfr ofkrf- Nt gask rgnsfsikmifrms gokut ogagminmh tdf jnfrnmh fxpfitgtnkms gmj nmtfrfstsk hkvfrmcfmts! ousnmfssfs! intnzfms gmj ikccumntnfs gokutjnhntga ikmtfmt nts giifss! ikmsucptnkm gmj sdgrnmh- Nm rfifmtyfgrs! tdfsf stglfdkajfrs dgvf tglfm nmjfpfmjfmt gitnkms tkprktfit tdfnr nmtfrfsts! wntd cnxfj rfsuats- Iafgray tdf mgturf gmjfgsf k trgmsfrgonanty k jnhntga ikmtfmt ncpanfs tdf mffj kr g ckrfikmsnstfmt gmj nmtfhrgtfj stglfdkajfr gpprkgid tdgt gilmkwafjhfstdfsf jnvfrhfmt nmtfrfsts-

Giikrjnmhay! tdf Xkraj Fikmkcni Ekrucs Mkrcs gmj Ugaufs nm

Jnhntga Cfjng prkbfit gncs tk prkpksf g rgcfwkrl k prnminpafs tknmkrc jnsiussnkm gmj pkaniycglnmh nm g ikmtfxt rfafvgmt tk tkjgysdypfrikmmfitfj wkraj- Zdns prkhrfss rfpkrt dgs tdrff hkgas2

Zk jfsirnof tdf vgrnkus stglfdkajfr nmtfrfsts gt nssuf-

Zk fxpakrf tdf nmtfmt gmj ncpgit k gitnkms tglfm oyhkvfrmcfmts! ousnmfssfs gmj intnzfms rfhgrjnmh jnhntga cfjnggmj nmkrcgtnkm-

Zk njfmtny tdf lfy suiifss gitkrs tdgt wnaa dfap fgid stglfdkajfrhrkup tk gidnfvf tdfnr gncs! suid gs prfsfrvnmh mgtnkmga sfiurnty!fmsurnmh nmjnvnjuga prnvgiy gmj rffjkc k fxprfssnkm! gmjprktfitnmh nmtfaafituga prkpfrty rnhdts-

Kvfrvnfw

Zdf Jnhntga Xkrajs Xfo k

Ytglfdkajfr Nmtfrfsts! Nmeufmifs!

gmj _fhnkmga gmj Iuaturga Mkrcs

K tdf cgmy gitkrs ikcpanigtnmh tdf ckvfcfmt tk jfsnhm g hakogargcfwkrl kr jnhntga cfjng! tdf ckst idgaafmhnmh grf tdf jnspgrgtffxpfitgtnkms gmj nmtfrfsts gckmh tdf prncgry stglfdkajfrs-

Enhurf 7 succgrnzfs tdf nmtfrfsts k jnfrfmt stglfdkajfrs! tdfafvfrs tk gjvgmif fgid k tdfsf nmtfrfsts gmj skcf igsfs nm wdnidtdksf afvfrs dgvf offm gppanfj- Zdrkuhd g yfgr#akmh fxgcnmgtnkm!tdf prkbfit skuhdt tk fvgaugtf mkt kmay wdftdfr tdfsf gitnkmsgidnfvfj tdfnr jfsnrfj ffits out gask wdftdfr tdfy dgj umnmtfmjfjikmsfqufmifs kr ktdfr stglfdkajfrs-

Enhurf 72 Ytglfdkajfr Nmtfrfsts Ergcfwkrl

Prkbfit Ergcfwkrl

7 Jfpfmjs km ikumtry hkvfrmgmif ckjfa

Hkvfrmcfmt7 Prktfitnmh mgtnkmga sfiurnty

Irfgtnmh fikmkcni hrkwtd

Fmsurnmh g egnr! ikcpftntnvf

agmjsigpf ekr ikccfrif

Ekstfrnmh nmmkvgtnkm

Cgnmtgnmnmh pkwfr

Prktfitnmh nmjnvnjuga erffjkc7

Intnzfms9 Prktfitnmh ogsni

prnvgiy

Yfiurnmh erffjkc ke fxprfssnkm

Fmsurnmh giifss tk nmekrcgtnkm

gmj gvgnagonanty ke ikmtfmt

Fxgcpafs2

tdrff#strnlf

agws! Nmtfrmft

survfnaagmif

Fxgcpafs2

Hkkhafs

Ikmtfmt NJ!

gcmfsty

prkhrgcs gmj

cgss

agwsunts!

Cusni Cgttfrs

fjuigtnkm

igcpgnhm!

VatrgUnkaft!

Gixnkc

Gitnkms

Fxgcpafs2

Irfgtnvf

Ikcckms!

dgilnmhgitnvntnfs!

Hkkhaf Ytrfft

Unfw prktfsts

Afvfrs tk gjvgmifnmtfrfsts

Fjuigtnkm

Pkaninfs+agws gmjrfhuagtnkms

Ktdfr

Antnhgtnkm

Fjuigtnkm+Yfae#rfhuagtnkm

Akooynmh

Ousnmfss ckjfa nmmkvgtnkm

Ktdfr

Zfidmkakhniga nmmkvgtnkm

Kmanmf gitnvnsc+dgilnmh

Kpt nm+kut

Jfckmstrgtnkms

Enaf g igsf

Nmtfrfsts Kutikcf ke Gitnkm

Ncpgit

Fxpanint trgjf#kees

Vmnmtfmjfjikmsfqufmifs

ke tdf gitnkms

Irfgtnmh fikmkcni gmj ousnmfss

vgauf

Jfvfakpnmh tfidmkakhy

Fcpkwfrnmh ikmsucfrs ekr

cgrlft jfvfakpcfmt

Prktfitnmh nmtfaafituga prkpfrty

ekr cgnmtgnmnmh gmj jfvfakpnmh

ousnmfss

Nmjustry?

Vmjfrstgmj tdf



7/20

8

Nm tdns ikmtfxt! nt ns iafgr tdgt pktfmtngaay ikmnitnmh nmtfrfsts fxnst!fvfm wntdnm fgid stglfdkajfr hrkup- Hkvfrmcfmts typnigaay wgmttk suppkrt nmmkvgtnkm out gask cust fmkrif mgtnkmga sfiurntygmj ikpyrnhdt agws- Ousnmfssfs wgmt tk kfr fgsy gvgnagonanty kprkjuits gmj sfrvnifs! out tdfnr fxnstfmif jfpfmjs km rfifnvnmhgjfqugtf ikcpfmsgtnkm- Prnvgtf intnzfms twnm jfsnrfs kr rffjkck fxprfssnkm gmj kr prnvgiy grf ktfm gt kjjs- Gjjnmh tk tdfikcpafxnty! vgrnkus iuaturfs gmj ikumtrnfs iafgray gssnhm jnfrfmtwfnhdtnmhs gmj prnkrntnzgtnkms tk tdfsf nmtfrfsts- Nm tdf VY! kr

fxgcpaf! skcf intnzfms cgy of nmianmfj tk ofanfvf tdgt tdf rnhdt tkpkst gm nmifmjngry vnjfk suid gs tdf Nmmkifmif k Cusancs trucpsgmy pktfmtnga mgtnkmga sfiurnty nmtfrfsts- ^ft nm cgmy ikumtrnfs!suid g vnjfk wkuaj mfvfr dgvf sffm tdf anhdt k jgy! gmj nts vfryprkjuitnkm wkuaj dgvf offm g irncf- Zdfsf stgmjgrjs ikmtnmuftk fvkavf! out gs pgrtninpgmts nm tdf Xkraj Fikmkcni Ekrucs Bumf?07? Nstgmoua Xkrlsdkp mktfj! tdf trgjf#k oftwffm rffjkc kspffid km tdf kmf dgmj! gmj sfiurnty! ikmtfmt irfjnonanty gmj prnvgiykm tdf ktdfr! ns gackst umnvfrsga- Ktdfr ikcckm trgjf#ks nmiaujfprnvgiy vfrsus pfrskmga sfiurnty! gmj nmtfaafituga prkpfrty prktfitnkmvfrsus rffjkc k fxprfssnkm! nmmkvgtnkm gmj irfgtnvnty-

Xntdkut g jkuot! jnhntnzgtnkm ns dgvnmh gm nccfmsf gmj pksntnvfncpgit nm cgmy pagifs- Ogsfj km rfifmt rfsfgrid ikmjuitfj oy

tdf CiLnmsfy Hakoga Nmstntutf! Nmtfrmft#rfagtfj ikmsucptnkm gmjfxpfmjnturf ns mkw onhhfr tdgm ghrniuaturf kr fmfrhy- Zdf Nmtfrmfttkjgy ikmmfits gokut ? onaankm pfkpaf wkrajwnjf gmj! km gvfrghf!ikmtrnoutfs 9-:& tk HJP nm tdf 79 ikumtrnfs? ikvfrfj oy tdfrfsfgrid gm gckumt tdf snzf k Ypgnm kr Igmgjg nm tfrcs k HJPgmj hrkwnmh gt g rgtf gstfr tdgm tdgt k Orgzna- Zdf Nmtfrmft ornmhsnmmkvgtnkm gmj feinfmiy tdrkuhd tdf gonanty tk rfgid iustkcfrsgmj usfrs rfhgrjafss k hfkhrgpdni okumjgrnfs< ginantgtfs tdfik#irfgtnkm k njfgs! prkjuits! sfrvnifs! lmkwafjhf gmj ikmtfmtoy irfgtkrs gmywdfrf< gmj ns rfspkmsnoaf kr tdf kpfm gmj sfa#krhgmnznmh mgturf k tdf nmmkvgtnkms tdfcsfavfs-

Pgrtninpgmts nm tdf Ekrucs Bumf ?07? Orussfas Xkrlsdkp gasknjfmtnefj sfvfrga trfmjs tdgt cglf hakoga stgmjgrjs kr jnhntga cfjng

mfifssgry out jneiuat tk jfvfakp- Zdfsf gitkrs nmiaujf2

Jnhntga cfjng irfgtnkm gmj usghf dgvf vgst jnfrfmifs girksstdf hakof2 Xdnaf nt ns fgsy tk tdnml k tdf Nmtfrmft gs g snmhaf!ckmkantdni idgmmfa! nt ns sfajkc fxpfrnfmifj nm tdf sgcf wgyrkc cgrlft tk cgrlft- Ikmmfitnkm spffjs! giifss idgmmfasoftwffm ckonaf gmj ikcputfr systfcs! gmj rfagtnvf iksts gaasdgpf kmanmf gmj jnhntga fxpfrnfmifs-

Mkrcs vgry wnjfay girkss rfhnkms gmj fvkavf rgpnjay2 Kvfr60& k usfrs survfyfj nm Idnmg! kr fxgcpaf! prffr tk rfifnvftgrhftfj gjs ogsfj km pfrskmga Nmtfrmft gitnvnty! wdnaf kmay?0& tk 90& k Furkpfgms wgmt tk sff suid gjs- CiLnmsfysnIkmsucfr survfy9 umjfrsikrfs tdf rgpnj idgmhfs nm mkrcs gmj

pfrifptnkms girkss ikumtrnfs gmj rfhnkms! gmj tdf wnjf rgmhfk kpnmnkms km nssufs suid gs tdf rnhdt tk kmanmf gmkmycnty!tgrhftfj kmanmf gjvfrtnsnmh! gmj tdf fxtfmt tk wdnid Xfo giifssntsfa ns g rnhdt kr g sfrvnif-

Zdf pgif k nmmkvgtnkm pksfs idgaafmhfs kr rfhuagtkrs2 Zdfrgpnj pgif k nmmkvgtnkm hfmfrgaay fxiffjs fvfry stglfdkajfrsgonanty tk gmtninpgtf dkw qunilay nmmkvgtnkms wnaa of gjkptfj!gmj dkw tdfy wnaa of usfj nmjnvnjugaay- Gs kmf pgrtninpgmt nmtdf Ekrucs Nstgmoua Xkrlsdkp kosfrvfj! tdf uprnsnmhs nmtdf Grgo wkraj sdkwfj tdf ancntgtnkms k jrgikmngm cfgsurfsghgnmst skinga cfjng- Xdfm tdf Fhyptngm rfhncf sdut jkwmtfafikccumnigtnkms! nt wgs tfidmkakhnigaay umgoaf tk oakil skcfckonaf idgmmfas tdgt ghntgtfj kr rfvkautnkm- _fhuagtnkm cust

of mugmifj! tdf pgrtninpgmt mktfj! tglnmh nmtk giikumt oktdmgtnkmga sfiurnty gmj tdf rnhdt k invnangms tk fxprfss tdfcsfavfsrffay gmj ginantgtf ousnmfss- Xntd tdf swnt gjkptnkm k ckonafgmj skinga cfjng hakogaay! tdf idgaafmhf k lffpnmh pgif wntdnmmkvgtnkm wnaa kmay ofikcf ckrf jneiuat- Mktf! kr fxgcpaf2

Nm Furkpf! ckonaf pfmftrgtnkm dgs kutstrnppfj tdf usfk pfrskmga ikcputnmh $PI. jfvnifs! wntd 500 cnaankmscgrtpdkmfs gmj tgoafts sdnppfj! gs ghgnmst :00 cnaankmPIs! nm ?07?- Zdf Cnjjaf Fgst gmj Grnig grf gask sffnmh

surhfs nm ckonaf usghf2 pfmftrgtnkm ns kvfr 40& nm tdfCnjjaf Fgst wdnaf Grnig dgs ofikcf tdf gstfst#hrkwnmhckonaf cgrlft nm tdf wkraj suid tdgt tkjgy! ckonaf giikumtskr gpprkxncgtfay >0& k gaa tfafpdkmf ikmmfitnkms nm tdfMkrtd Grnigm rfhnkm! ikcpgrfj wntd 59& nm ?00:-:

Ykinga cfjng sdkws fvfm ckrf fxpaksnvf hrkwtd- GirkssFurkpf! Cnjjaf Fgst gmj Grnig $FCFG.! skinga cfjngdgs ofikcf gm fssfmtnga skurif k nmkrcgtnkm gmj gmnmjnspfmsnoaf tkka kr ikccumnigtnkm tdgt dgs agrhfaysuppagmtfj ikmvfmtnkmga cfjng gmj mfws skurifs- NmFurkpf! skinga mftwkrls igusfj g ?9& jrkp nm tncf spfmttgalnmh km agmjanmfs! g 78& jrkp nm sdkrt cfssghnmh sfrvnif$YCY. trgei! gmj gm 77& jrkp nm f#cgna- Nm tdf Cnjjaf Fgst!

tdf mucofr k pfkpaf usnmh skinga cfjng nmirfgsfj rkc >6cnaankm tk 77: cnaankm rkc Bgmugry ?077 tk Cgrid ?07?! gmjintnzfms spfmt ckrf tncf km skinga wfosntfs tdgm km mfwspkrtgas km gvfrghf 9:0 cnmutfs g ckmtd nm Bgmugry ?077gs ghgnmst :07 cnmutfs nm Cgrid ?07?-6

Zdfsf trfmjs umjfrsikrf dkw intnzfms grf nmirfgsnmhay anvnmhkmanmf! gmj usnmh puoani krucs km#tdf#hk tk pkst kpnmnkms!prkvnjf pfrskmga nmkrcgtnkm gmj sdgrf ikmtfmt- Zdf qunil pgif kgjkptnkm rgnsfs mfw qufstnkms gokut dkw cuid prnvgiy usfrs igmfxpfit wdfm usnmh tdf Nmtfrmft! gmj wdnid agws hkvfrm rffjkc kfxprfssnkm k prkvkigtnvf ikmtfmt- Gs ckonaf jfvnifs nmirfgsnmhayofikcf tdf tkkas k idknif kr giifssnmh tdf Nmtfrmft! sfiurnty gmjprnvgiy ikmifrms grf hfttnmh gcpanefj-5 Dkw ofst tk prksfiutf

tdksf wdk nmrnmhf km ktdfrs nmtfaafituga prkpfrty rnhdts gask rfcgnmsg tkp ikmifrm kr hkvfrmcfmts! ousnmfssfs gmj intnzfms-

Zdf afvfrs k nmufmif tdgt fgid stglfdkajfr hrkup dkajs krgjvgminmh gmj prktfitnmh nts nmtfrfsts! wdftdfr fjuigtnkmga!rfhuagtkry! afhga kr kr prktfst! grf gask nm g ikmstgmt stgtf kfvkautnkm- Jfspntf skcf jnfrfmifs k kpnmnkm! ckst pgrtninpgmts gttdf Ekrucs _fhnkmga Xkrlsdkps ghrffj tdgt ckrf fjuigtnkm kmtdf rnhdts gmj rnsls k jnhntga cfjng usf ns mffjfj- G tdfcf rkc tdfEkrucs Nstgmoua Xkrlsdkp wgs tdgt pfkpaf pgrtniuagray ykumhfrpfkpaf mffj tk ofttfr umjfrstgmj tdf ncpanigtnkms k giifssnmhikmtfmt gmj pkstnmh nmkrcgtnkm kmanmf- Zdf rfsfgrid nmjnigtfstdgt gackst 60& k ykumhfr pfkpaf $79# tk 9:#yfgr#kajs. grkumjtdf wkraj usf skinga mftwkrls! gmj skcf ofanfvf tdfy wkuaj of gtg jnsgjvgmtghf skingaay kr prkfssnkmgaay n tdfy jnj mkt usf tdfc$Enhurf ?.-

?Yff CiLnmsfy Hakoga Nmstntutf rfpkrt fmtntafj Nmtfrmft cgttfrs2 Zdf Mfts swffpnmh ncpgitkm hrkwtd! bkos! gmj prkspfrnty- Zdf 79 ikumtrnfs nmiaujf gaa H4 ikumtrnfs paus Orgzna! Idnmg!Nmjng! Ykutd Lkrfg gmj Ywfjfm-9Pafgsf vnsnt prkbfit wfosntf kr uaa CiLnmsfy nIkmsucrf Yurvfy rfsuats2 dttp2++rfpkrts-wfkruc-krh+mkrcs#vgaufs#jnhntga#cfjng+

:Ykurif2 Juogn Prfss Iauo! ?00>6Ykurif2 CiLnmsfy nIkmsucfr Yurvfy5Ykurif2 Hfkrhng Zfid Nmstntutf Ytujy Ckst ckonaf wfo orkwsfrs umsgf

Ydgpnmh Ykautnkms kr g Mfw Frg


8/20

4

Enhurf ?2 Jfckhrgpdni _fgitnkms tk Ykinga Cfjng

66#5: yrs

:6#6: yrs

96#:: yrs

?6#9: yrs

74#?: yrs

79#78 yrs

7? 7470

7:

97708

:>:9

7?7:

76 75 7?

75 7: 75

YtrkmhayGhrff

Ghrff _gtdfrGhrff

_gtdfrJnsghrff

Jnsghrff YtrkmhayJnsghrff

Ikmstgmtay upjgtnmh fgid ktdfr km tdf jftgnas ke kur jgnay anvfs ns skcftdnmhcy ernfmjs gmj N fmbky

Dkw strkmhay jk yku ghrff kr jnsghrff wntd tdf ekaakwnmh stgtfcfmts;

Nm gjjntnkm tk ykutd gmj nmfxpfrnfmif gs jrnvfrs k tdf vkaumtgry

surrfmjfr k nmkrcgtnkm km kmanmf krucs! kmf pgrtninpgmt mktfj tdgtckst intnzfms nm tdf Cnjjaf Fgst grf prkogoay mkt gwgrf k pfrskmgajgtg fxtrgitnkm oy ikcpgmnfs suid gs Hkkhaf gmj Egifokkl! gmjCiLnmsfy rfsfgrid ikmercs tdns kr skcf rfhnkms- Zdf rfsfgridkumj tdgt 90:0& k intnzfms k gaa ghfs nm tdf Vmntfj Ytgtfs $VY.!Vmntfj Lnmhjkc! _ussngm Efjfrgtnkm! Hfrcgmy! Ypgnm! Mftdfragmjs!Ergmif! Pkagmj! Ntgay! Idnmg gmj Orgzna hfmfrgaay jk mkt lmkw wdgtpfrskmga nmkrcgtnkm gokut tdfc ns gvgnagoaf kmanmf $Enhurf 9.-8

8Ykurif2 Cilnmsfy nIkmsucfr Yurvfy

Enhurf 92 Jfckhrgpdni _fgitnkms tk Jgtg Prnvgiy

Zdf Ckjfst Yuiifss k

Ytglfdkajfr Gitnkms tk Prktfit kr

Gjvgmif Nmtfrfsts

Erkc tdrff strnlfs agws tk intnzfm okyiktts gmj tfidmkakhynmmkvgtnkms! gpprkgidfs tk hkvfrmnmh kr sdgpnmh jnhntga cfjng

usf dgvf cft wntd cnxfj suiifss- Zdfy dgvf! dkwfvfr! nmirfgsfjgwgrfmfss k gmj fmhghfcfmt wntd tdf nssufs gt dgmj-

Gaa stglfdkajfrs dgvf gttfcptfj tk prktfit gmj gjvgmif tdfnrnmtfrfsts- Nm prkpksnmh prnminpafs tk hunjf hakoga jfinsnkm#cglnmh!nt ns usfua tk fvgaugtf tdfsf gitnkms oy akklnmh gt tdf krnhnmga nmtfmtgmj gituga ncpgit- Zdns sfitnkm succgrnzfs mktgoaf gitnkms tglfmoy cfcofrs k fgid hrkup! out ns oy mk cfgms fxdgustnvf-

G- Hkvfrmcfmts Zglf tdf Afgj nm Ornmhnmh Krjfr tk tdf

Jnhntga Vmnvfrsf

Hkvfrmcfmts gmj rfhuagtkry okjnfs dgvf cgjf tdf ckst vnsnoaf

gttfcpts tk gjjrfss tdf jnspgrgtf gmj gt tncfs ikmnitnmh rnhdtsgmj nmtfrfsts k tdf prncgry stglfdkajfrs- Gckmh tdfsf! afhnsagtnkmsuppkrtfj oy ousnmfssfs gmj rnhdts dkajfrs ns prkcnmfmt! gs grfagws jfsnhmfj tk prktfit cnmkrs kr prfvfmt tdf jnssfcnmgtnkm knaafhga cgtfrnga suid gs idnaj pkrmkhrgpdy- Zdfrf grf! k ikursf!jnfrfmifs nm gpprkgid girkss rfhnkms- Pgrtninpgmts nm tdf EkrucsGprna ?07? Pufrtk Ugaagrtg Xkrlsdkp ikmiurrfj tdgt fxnstnmh agwsnm Agtnm Gcfrnig jk mkt gjfqugtfay gjjrfss ikpyrnhdt gmj pnrgiynssufs- Zdfy gask sgnj gm ncpkrtgmt stfp tkwgrjs rfkrcnmh agwscgy anf nm rfikminanmh trgjntnkmga gnr usf prkvnsnkms wntd tdf rfgantnfsk tdf jnhntga ghf-

Zdf VY Jnhntga Cnaafmmnuc Ikpyrnhdt Git k 7>>4 $JCIG. wgsgckmh tdf erst gttfcpts tk gaakigtf rnhdts gmj rfspkmsnonantnfs rfagtfj

tk tdf usf k jnhntga cfjng- Zdf JCIG nmiaujfj g cfidgmnsckr rnhdts kwmfrs tk gsl kmanmf sfrvnif prkvnjfrs $KYPs. tk nssuftglfjkwm mktnifs tk gaafhfj nmrnmhfrs k ikpyrnhdt- Dkwfvfr!tdfsf prkvnsnkms ktfm fj gmtn#ikcpftntnvf ofdgvnkur! kr wfrf sncpayncprgitnigoaf- G sfgrid fmhnmf nm VY fstncgtfj tdgt ckrf tdgm dgak tdf tglfjkwm mktnifs nt rfifnvfj umjfr tdf JCIG $68&. wfrfsfmt oy ousnmfssfs tgrhftnmh ikcpftntkrs! gmj kvfr g tdnrj k mktnifs$98&. wfrf mkt vganj ikpyrnhdt iagncs-4 Zdus! wdnaf tdf nmtfmt k tdfJCIG tk prkvnjf g sgf dgrokur kr KYPs wgs skumj! tdf rfsuatswfrf cnxfj-

Ktdfr hkvfrmcfmts dgvf afgrmfj rkc tdf JCIG fxpfrnfmif gmjdgvf rftkkafj tdfnr rfhuagtkry rgcfwkrls kr tdf jnhntga ghf- Zdfnrfkrts dgvf nmiaujfj2

7- Zdrff strnlfs agws gjkptfj tk fmkrif ikpyrnhdt nm tdf kmanmffmvnrkmcfmt! gmj tk prkvnjf g ckrf ikst#ffitnvf wgy tk updkajvganj ikpyrnhdt iagncs- Yuid agws rfqunrf tdgt tdrff mktnifs ofsfmt tk nmrnmhfrs ofkrf afhga gitnkm ns nmntngtfj-

Ergmifs Dgjkpn Agw $Irfgtnkm gmj Nmtfrmft Agw. k ?00>2Zdf Dgjkpn agw wgs nmtfmjfj gs g cfgms tk prktfitnmtfaafituga prkpfrty rnhdts nm kmanmf fmvnrkmcfmts- Vmjfr tdfagw! tdf rnhdts kwmfr njfmtnefs tdf nmrnmhfcfmt gmj nmkrcsDgjkpn $g hkvfrmcfmt ourfgu mgcfj gtfr tdf agw.- Dgjkpntdfm vfrnefs tdf nmrnmhfcfmt gmj ikmtgits tdf Nmtfrmft sfrvnifprkvnjfr $NYP. tk njfmtny tdf Nmtfrmft prktkika $NP. gjjrfsskwmfr- Gtfr vfrneigtnkm! tdf erst k pktfmtngaay tdrff wgrmnmh

cfssghfs ns sfmt tk tdf NP#gjjrfss kwmfr- Zdf Dgjkpn agwgppfgrs tk dgvf dgj g pksntnvf ncpgit oy rfjuinmh pnrgiy gmjnmirfgsnmh afhga jkwmakgjs nm Ergmif tk gm fxtfmt $Enhurf :.->

4Ykurif2 Mfw Rfgagmj PI Xkraj>Zdf ffit k Hrgjugtfj _fspkmsf Gmtn#Pnrgiy Agws km Cusni Ygafs! rfsfgrid oy IgrmfhnfCfaakm! Cnidgfa J- Ycntd

Ykurif2 CiLnmsfy nIkmsucfr survfy


66#5: yrs

:6#6: yrs

96#:: yrs

?6#9: yrs

74#?: yrs

79#78 yrs

7? 767?

77

7>797?

?67?79

7:79

77 7? 74

77 77 7>

YtrkmhayGhrff

Ghrff _gtdfrGhrff

_gtdfrJnsghrff

Jnsghrff YtrkmhayJnsghrff

N rfgaay jkm(t lmkw dkw cuid ke cy pfrskmga nmekrcgtnkm ns gvgnagoaf tk ktdfrpfkpaf kmanmf




9/20

>

Kvfrvnfw

Enhurf :2 DGJKPN Yuiiffjs nm Nmirfgsnmh Afhga Jkwmakgjs

Ykurif2 dttp2++pgpfrs-ssc-ikc+ska9+pgpfrs-ic;gostrgit[nj37>4>?:0! ogsfj km rfsfgrid oy Igrmfhnf Cfaakm

Mfw Rfgagmjs Ikpyrnhdt Nmrnmhnmh Enaf Ydgrnmh GcfmjcfmtGit k ?0772 Mfw Rfgagmjs git jnfrs rkc tdf Dgjkpn agwnm sfvfrga ncpkrtgmt wgys- _nhdts kwmfrs pgy g ff tk NYPstk nmvfstnhgtf fgid iagnc k nmrnmhfcfmt gs wfaa gs tk tdfhkvfrmcfmt n antnhgtnkm fmsufs- Zdfy gask cglf tdf uatncgtfjfinsnkm tk prkiffj wntd g ikpyrnhdt fmkrifcfmt gitnkm-

N mk gitnkm ns tglfm! gmy prfvnkus mktnifs ghgnmst tdf gaafhfj

nmrnmhfr grf vknjfj- Enmgaay! tdf ikpyrnhdt trnoumgaigm ncpksf stn pfmgatnfs km tdf hunaty k uptk MR* 76!000- Enhurf : jftgnas tdf mktnif gmjfmkrifcfmt prkifss umjfr tdf Mfw Rfgagmj agw$Enhurf 6.-70

Enhurf 62 Mfw Rfgagmjs Zdrff Ytrnlfs Agw Yffls tk Jnstrnoutf tdf Iksts k Fmkrifcfmt Gitnkms girkss _nhdts Kwmfrs! NYPsgmj Nmrnmhfrs

Ykurif2 Ikpyrnhdt $Nmrnmhnmh Enaf Ydgrnmh. Gcfmjcfmt Git ?077< 9strnlfs-mft-mz< Prfss

7 G ikpyrnhdt kwmfr kr g pfrskm gitnmh gs ghfmt ekr kmf kr ckrf ikpyrnhdt kwmfrs? Oftwffm ?4 jgys gmj > ckmtds agtfr9 G rfvnfw ke tdf afhnsagtnkm wnaa tglf pagif nm ?079< nmiaujnmh gm gssfsscfmt wdftdfr tk gaakw jnstrnit ikurts tk suspfmj gm nmtfrmft giikumt ekr up tk

5 ckmtds: _fncoursfcfmt tk tdf rnhdts dkajfr6 Zdns fxiaujfs tdf prkifss tk idgaafmhf g mktnif5 Ne mk gitnkm ns tglfm! usfrs wnaa of ogil km g iafgm sagtf ke zfrk strnlfs

Hkvfrmcfmt $Ikpyrnhdt$Nmernmhnmh EnafYdgrnmh.Gcfmjcfmt Git.

_nhdts Kwmfr7Nmtfrmft YfrvnifPrkvnjfr $NYP.

7 Jftfits gmnmernmhfcfmtgmj sfmjs tdfNP gjjrfss tktdf NYP

Eff2 MR*?6 +NP gjjrfss

Enrst nmernmhfcfmt

NYP ekrwgrjs g

jftfitnkm mktnif

Yfikmj nmernmhfcfmt?

G wgrmnmh mktnif nstrnhhfrfj

Zdnrj nmernmhfcfmt?

Gm fmekrifcfmtmktnif ns trnhhfrfj

IkpyrnhdtZrnoumga9

? NYP tglfs gitnkm$oy wdgtfvfrcftdkj tdf NYPusfs tkikccumnigtfwntd tdf usfr.

9 Ikpyrnhdt kwmfrdgs6 wffls tkjfinjf wdftdfr ntwgmts tdf NYP tkekrwgrj tdfusfrs jftgnas tktdf IkpyrnhdtZrnoumga5

: Enmf2MR*?86: #

MR*76!0006

Eff2 MR*?00

MR*0-6cnaankmekr MR

Zfafikc

Zdf rnhdts kwmfr nmntngtfs tdf prkifss ke jftfitnmh tdf pnrgtnmh usfrs

0

Akh ke nZumfs Ygafs Hkkhaf Zrfmjs _fagtnvf Nmjfx

?6

?0

76

70

6

nZumfs Ynmhaf Zrgil Vmnt Ygafs Zrfmjs $: cgbkrs ikconmfj.!Ergmif vs- Ikmtrka

Dgjkpn Onaaprfsfmtfj tk

MgtnkmgaGssfcoay

Mgtnkmga Gssfcoay

gcfmjs! suppkrts! gmjtdfm rfbfits Dgjkpn Onaa

Gssfcoay gmj

Yfmgtf ogilDgjkpn Onaa

Ikmstntutnkmga

Ikumina rfbfitsDgjkpn Onaa

Ikmstntutnkmga

Ikumina giifptsgcfmjfj Onaa

Dgjkpn

ofhnms rstwgvf mktnifs

Dgjkpn

ofhnms ?mjwgvf mktnifs

Mkv5

Kit5

Yfp5

Guh5

Jfi5

Bua5

Bum5

Cgy5

Gpr5

Cgr5

Efo5

Bgm5

Jfi5

Mkv5

Kit5

Yfp5

Guh5

Bua5

Cgy5

Gpr5

Cgr5

Efo5

Bgm5

Bum5

Cgy5

Gpr5

Cgr5

Efo5

Bgm5

Jfi5

Mkv5

Kit5

Yfp5

Guh5

Bua5

?004 ?00> ?070 ?077

Ikmtrka Hrkup Hkkhaf Zrfmjs /Dgjkpn/

Ergmif

Ncpgit kosfrvfj Igrmfhnf _fsfgrid sdkws ?6& dnhdfr hrkwtd nm rfvfmuf erkcnZumfs sgafs nm Ergmif vs- ktdfr FV ofmidcgrls $ikmtrka hrkup.

70OOI! ?07?



10/20

70

Oktd k tdfsf tdrff strnlfs agws dgvf dgj skcf sdkrt#tfrcsuiifss nm jfirfgsnmh naafhga jkwmakgjs! out tdf akmh#tfrcncpgit ns umifrtgnm hnvfm ancntfj usf gmj fmkrifcfmt juf tkdnhd gjcnmnstrgtnvf iksts! iksts tk iagncgmts gmj rfbfitnkm oyikmsucfr gsskingtnkms gmj tdf Nmtfrmft ikccumnty gt agrhf- Zdfuturf k Dgjkpn! nm pgrtniuagr! ns umifrtgnm gs tdf fmkrifcfmtikccnssnkm cgy dgvf nts umjnmh rfjuifj jrgcgtnigaay gs g rfsuatk tdf hkvfrmcfmts kmhknmh gustfrnty cfgsurfs- Eurtdfr! Dgjkpnkmay tgrhfts pffr#tk#pffr $P?P. jkwmakgjnmh gmj mk ktdfr typfs

k prgitnifs suid gs strfgcnmh gmj jnrfit jkwmakgjnmh rkcikccfringa naafhga sntfs-

Zdf _fikrjnmh Nmjustry Gsskingtnkm k Mfw Rfgagmj $_NGMR.rfpkrts tdgt naafhga jkwmakgjs dgvf mkw pagtfgufj gtfr jrkppnmh9:>8?95+Ygujn#Gutdkrntnfs#stfp#up#gmtnpnrgiy#jrnvf



11/20

77

Kvfrvnfw

:- Zdf Xkraj Ikmfrfmif km Nmtfrmgtnkmga Zfafikccumnigtnkms$XINZ. ikmvfmfj nm Jfifcofr ?07? tk rfvnfw tdf NmtfrmgtnkmgaZfafikccumnigtnkms _fhuagtnkms $NZ_s.! wdnid jgtf rkc 7>44-Zdns agmjcgrl ikmfrfmif rfvnfwfj iurrfmt NZ_s! wdnid sfrvf gsonmjnmh hakoga trfgtnfs jfsnhmfj tk ginantgtf nmtfrmgtnkmga anmlghfk nmkrcgtnkm gmj ikccumnigtnkm sfrvnifs! gmj fmsurf tdfnrfeinfmiy gmj wnjfsprfgj puoani usfuamfss gmj gvgnagonanty-Ktdfr tkpnis jnsiussfj wfrf wdftdfr hakoga afhnsagtnkm ns mffjfjwntd rfspfit tk ckmntkrnmh gitnvntnfs km tdf Xfo $gm grfg wdfrf

ikumtrnfs dgvf wnjfay jnvfrhfmt vnfws. gmj Nmtfrmft jgtg prnvgiynssufs-

Nt ns nmtfrfstnmh tk mktf tdf jfgrtd k hkvfrmcfmt gitnkm tglfm tkkstfr nmmkvgtnkm ikcpgrfj wntd tdf rfqufmiy k gitnkms tglfmtk rfhuagtf kr rfstrnit nt- Cgmy k tdf pgrtninpgmts gt tdf Ekrucsrfhnkmga wkrlsdkps mktfj tdf fxnstfmif k g jnhntga jnvnjf oftwffmikumtrnfs gmj fvfm oftwffm gufmt gmj mkm#gufmt pfkpaf wntdnmtdf sgcf ikumtry- Hkvfrmcfmts dgvf g iafgr nmtfrfst nm tfidmkakhynmmkvgtnkm! gs pgrtninpgmts nm tdf Ekrucs Pufrtk Ugaagrtg Xkrlsdkpmktfj! gmj rfikccfmjfj tdgt hkvfrmcfmts sdkuaj pgrtmfr wntd tdfprnvgtf sfitkr gmj ousnmfssfs! gmj irfgtf fikmkcni nmifmtnvfs tkncprkvf nmrgstruiturf gmj giifss tk jnhntga ikmtfmt-

O- Ousnmfssfs Gttfcpt tk Cgxncnzf Gvgnagonanty gmj _fvfmuf

Cfjng krhgmnzgtnkms ikmtfmt irfgtkrs! jnstrnoutkrs! rnhdts dkajfrsgmj gsskingtnkms dgvf gask tglfm mucfrkus stfps tk gjjrfssnssufs rfagtfj tk prnvgiy! nmtfaafituga prkpfrty gmj pnrgiy! gmjrffjkc k fxprfssnkm- Cfjng ikcpgmnfs wgal g emf anmf oftwffmmffjnmh tk cgxncnzf fxpksurf gmj giifss tk ikmtfmt kr rfvfmufhfmfrgtnkm! gmj vnhkrkusay jffmjnmh nmtfaafituga prkpfrty rnhdts-_upfrt Curjkid nm ?00> gckusay rffrrfj tk Hkkhaf gmj ktdfrsfgrid fmhnmfs gs ikmtfmt lafptkcgmngis- Zkjgy! mfwspgpfrikcpgmnfs ginmh trkuoaf wgmt tk put afhga prfssurf km wdgt tdfysff gs pgrgsntni mfws ghhrfhgtkrs- Nm Mkvfcofr ?07?! pkantningmsnm Hfrcgmy wfrf tk vktf km fxtfmjnmh ikpyrnhdt prktfitnkm tk

fxifrptfj grtniafs gppfgrnmh nm sfgrid fmhnmf rfsuats! tdus fmgoanmhpuoansdfrs tk ikaafit pgycfmt kr tdfc-78

Nm skcf rfspfits! gitnkms oy trgjf hrkups gmj nmjnvnjuga ikcpgmnfsdgvf gjjfj g agyfr k rfhuagtnkm tk ikcpafcfmt hkvfrmcfmtgitnkms- Ykcf mktgoaf gitnkms grf jfsirnofj nm tdf kaakwnmh sfitnkm-

Ousnmfss ckjfa gmj tfidmkakhy nmmkvgtnkms

VatrgUnkaft2 Zdf eac nmjustry dgs offm tdf prncgry suppkrtfrk tdns wdkafsgaf pagtkrc! wdnid gaakws usfrs tk pgy kmif krikmtfmt suid gs ckvnfs! gmj tdfm pagy tdf ikmtfmt km gmyVatrgUnkaft#igpgoaf jfvnif- Ynx usfrs igm sdgrf gm giikumt! wntdg igp k 7? jfvnifs pfr giikumt- Zdf kobfitnvf ns tk tglf gwgytdf jfsnrf tk cglf naafhga ikpnfs k jnhntga cfjng oy gaakwnmhusfrs tk sdgrf ikmtfmt girkss jfvnifs gmj tglf tdf rnitnkm kutk wgtidnmh ckvnfs km jnhntga fqunpcfmt- VatrgUnkaft gttrgitfjckrf tdgm 860!000 dkusfdkajs nm nts erst tdrff ckmtds! gatdkuhdnmntngaay tdfrf wfrf kmay 7> tntafs gvgnagoaf- Gs k Buay ?07?!VatrgUnkaft surpgssfj : cnaankm dkusfdkaj giikumts-

Ypktny gmj Pgmjkrg2 Ypktny ns g suosirnptnkm#ogsfj cusnistrfgcnmh sfrvnif tdgt rfqunrfs usfrs tk pgy kr ckmtday giifsstk gm fvfr#fxpgmjnmh anorgry k cusni- Ikcpfmsgtnkm krjkwmakgjs ns mfhktngtfj oftwffm Ypktny gmj rnhdts kwmfrs-Pgmjkrg ns gask g pfrskmganzfj ckonaf cusni gmj Nmtfrmft sfrvniftdgt ikconmfs skinga cfjng gs wfaa! gaakwnmh usfrs tk sdgrfskmhs kr pagyansts- Pgmjkrg rfanfs ckrf km gjvfrtnsnmh rfvfmuftdgm km pgnj suosirnptnkms-

Pngmk Cfjng2 Ogsfj nm Yakvglng! Pngmk Cfjng prktfits nmtfaafitugaprkpfrty rnhdts kr tdf mfws cfjng oy fmgoanmh puoansdfrs tkckmftnzf sfafitfj Xfo ikmtfmt- _fgjfrs rfifnvf umancntfjgiifss tk gaa pgrtninpgtnmh puoanigtnkms! sncnagr tk igoaf#ZUpgilghf jnstrnoutnkm! kr g gt ff- Jnhntga rfgjfr pgycfmts grfspant oftwffm puoanigtnkms giikrjnmh tk wdfrf g jnhntga rfgjfrfmrkas nm tdf Pngmk Cfjng systfc! dkw cuid tncf ns spfmt kmfgid puoansdfrs sntf! gmj tdf typf k ikmtfmt ikmsucfj- Zdfckjfa dgs offm suiifssua nm Yakvglng gmj Yakvfmng! gmj tdf

ikcpgmy pagms tk fxpgmj tk ktdfr Furkpfgm ikumtrnfs- Ekumjfjnm ?077! nt dgs rfifnvfj VY* 9 cnaankm nm umjnmh rkc Insikgmj Ckmkhrgc Ufmturfs- Nm Yakvglng gmj Pkagmj! Pngmk Cfjngpgrtmfrs wntd fnhdt cgbkr puoansdfrs! gmj nm Pkagmj tdfy dgvf gtnf#up wntd sfvfm cgbkr puoansdfrs kr g tktga k :? orgmjs gmjpuoanigtnkms-

^kuZuofs Ikmtfmt NJ2 Nm gm fkrt tk prktfit ikpyrnhdt dkajfrs!Hkkhaf gmj kuZuof agumidfj g Ikmtfmt NJ systfc tdgt gaakwsrnhdts dkajfrs tk upakgj tdf vnjfks gmj cusni tdfy kwm tk gifmtrga emhfrprnmt jgtgogsf- G ikpyrnhdt vfrneigtnkm tkka igmtdfm gssnst ikpyrnhdt kwmfrs nm sfgridnmh kr nmrnmhnmh cgtfrnga-Zdfrf grf iurrfmtay kvfr ?6!000 rnhdts dkajfrs pgrtninpgtnmh nmtdf prkhrgccf nmiaujnmh kmanmf cfjng ikmtfmt prkvnjfrs suidgs Ankms Hgtf! Fafitrkmni Grts! Vmnvfrsga Cusni! Zncf Xgrmfr!Ungikc! Jnsmfy gmj IOY- Xdfm kwmfrs njfmtny nmrnmhnmhcgtfrnga! tdfy igm fxiaujf nt! gaakw tdf ikmtfmt tk rfsnjf km kuZuof kr prkcktnkmga purpksfs! kr anifmsf tdf ikmtfmt krsdgrf nm rfvfmuf hgnmfj tdrkuhd gjvfrtnsnmh- Gaafhfj nmrnmhfrsigm jnsputf tdf emjnmh gs wfaa- Zdfrf grf ckrf tdgm 4 cnaankmrffrfmif eafs nm tdf Ikmtfmt NJ jgtgogsf! cglnmh nt kmf k tdfckst ikcprfdfmsnvf nm tdf wkraj! gmj kvfr g tdnrj k ^kuZuofstktga ckmftnzfj vnfws ikcf rkc Ikmtfmt NJ- Dkwfvfr! g agilk ikpyrnhdt vfrneigtnkm prkifjurfs ikmtnmufs tk of g stucoanmhoakil- kuZuof Ikmtfmt NJ rkutnmfay hfmfrgtfs cnscgtidfsgmj gaakws rgujstfrs wdk jk mkt kwm ikpyrnhdts tk pksntnkmtdfcsfavfs km tdf sfrvnif gs n tdfy jk dkaj rnhdts! afgjnmh tkumrfskavfj jnsghrffcfmts gmj oakilnmh k ikmtfmt- Ikmtfmt NJ ns

gask nmigpgoaf k rfikhmnznmh gnr usf ikmtfmt suid gs pgrkjnfs- Ikmtfmt prktfitnkm+jnhntga rnhdts cgmghfcfmt $J_C.

cfidgmnscs2 J_C prktkikas grf usfj oy dgrjwgrfcgmugiturfrs! puoansdfrs! ikpyrnhdt dkajfrs gmj nmjnvnjugas tkancnt tdf gtfr#sgaf usf k jnhntga ikmtfmt gmj jfvnifs tk prktfitghgnmst nmtfaafituga prkpfrty tdft- Fxgcpafs k J_C gitnvntnfsnmiaujf rfstrnitfj anifmsnmh ghrffcfmts! ancntfj nmstgaanmhgitnvgtnkms gmj fmiryptnkm- Ykcf ikmsucfr rnhdts gjvkigtfsofanfvf tdgt tdf wnjfsprfgj usf k J_C jfprnvfs ouyfrs kskcf vgauf ofigusf umnagtfrga idgmhfs tk J_C cfidgmnscs krjfvnifs pkst#sgaf igm prfvfmt giifss tk ikmtfmt- Mkmftdfafss!J_Cs dgvf afhga suppkrt- Zdf Xkraj Nmtfaafituga PrkpfrtyKrhgmnzgtnkm $XNPK. Ikpyrnhdt Zrfgty sft tdf erst Jnhntga _nhdtsCgmghfcfmt $gmj ktdfr ikpyrnhdt cgmghfcfmt tfidmkakhy. Gitnm 7>>5! gmj koanhgtfs XNPK pgrtnfs tk prkvnjf afhga prktfitnkmgmj rfcfjnfs kr inriucvfmtnkm k J_C tfidmkakhy- Zdfprkvnsnkms dgvf offm nmikrpkrgtfj nm tdf VY umjfr tdf JnhntgaCnaafmmnuc Ikpyrnhdt Git $JCIG.! gmj nm tdf FV oy tdf FVIkpyrnhdt Jnrfitnvf- Dkwfvfr! giikrjnmh tk Zdf Ncpgit k J_Ctfidmkakhy nm P?P ghf! g tdfsns prfsfmtfj tk tdf HrgjugtfYidkka k Iafcskm Vmnvfrsnty! Ikumtrnfs wntd dnhdfr J_Cpfmftrgtnkm grf mkt sdkwm tk dgvf dnhdfr nmirfgsf nm cusnisgafs-

Zwnttfr ikumtry#oy#ikumtry tglfjkwm mktneigtnkms2 Zdf Zwnttfrikumtry#oy#ikumtry tglfjkwm systfc kiusfs km fancnmgtnmhspfinei wkrjs kr twffts ogsfj km akiga ikumtry kr rfhnkmgaikurt jfinsnkms- Nm Hfrcgmy! kr nmstgmif! gmy twffts ikmtgnmnmh

tdf wkrj Mgzn grf gutkcgtnigaay ghhfj gmj mkt sdkwm nmHfrcgm NP gjjrfss usfrs twfft akhs- Zdf sgcf tfrc wnaa!dkwfvfr! gppfgr nm twffts nm ktdfr ikumtrnfs wdfrf tdf wkrjns mkt gm nmrnmhfcfmt- Zdns fvkautnkm nm Zwnttfrs tglfjkwmgpprkgid ns dnhdanhdtfj nm g rfifmt kmanmf grtniaf! wdnid pksfs

78Zdf Fikmkcnst! ?07?! www-fikmkcnst-ikc+mfws+nmtfrmgtnkmga+?7656>?4#mfwspgpfrs#wkfs#hrkw#skcf#grf#akooynmh#pkantningms#cglf#hkkhaf#pgy#mfws#nt



12/20

7?

tdf dypktdftniga fxgcpaf k Zwnttfr rfifnvnmh g ikurt krjfr tktglf jkwm g twfft tdgt ns jfgcgtkry tk Gtgturl wdnid ns naafhgaumjfr Zurlnsd agw- Nm tdf pgst! Zwnttfrs kmay kptnkm kr ikcpaynmhwntd suid gm krjfr wkuaj dgvf offm tk ffit g hakoga tglfjkwmk suid twffts- Zkjgy! dkwfvfr! wntd iurrfmt tfidmkakhy gmjgahkrntdcs! Zwnttfr dgs tdf igpgonanty tk tglf jkwm tdf twfftkr pfkpaf wntd NP gjjrfssfs tdgt nmjnigtf tdgt tdfy grf nm Zurlfygmj afgvf nt up fvfrywdfrf fasf-74 Zdns mfw gpprkgid ets tdfiurrfmt ikmtfxt k jnvfrsf jnhntga cfjng giifptgmif gmj iuaturga

jnfrfmifs girkss ikumtrnfs gmj rfhnkms-Yuosirnptnkm sfrvnifs suid gs VatrgUnkaft gmj Ypktny fspfingaaygrf hgnmnmh trgitnkm! wdnid sdkws tdgt intnzfms gmj ikmsucfrs wnaapgy kr ikmtfmt gmj hrgvntgtf tkwgrjs fgsy#tk#usf! afhga pagtkrcs-VatrgUnkaft! wntd ckrf tdgm : cnaankm dkusfdkaj giikumts! dgs tdfogilnmh k 90 ikcpgmnfs tdgt snhmfj km gs VatrgUnkaft anifmsffsgmj tdf ikkpfrgtnkm k rftgnafrs suid gs Xga#Cgrt gmj Gcgzkm-Zfidmkakhniga ancntgtnkms! suid gs tdf nmgonanty tk pagy eafs nm nZumfs krjkwmakgj tk gm nPgj! gs wfaa gs ikcpafx snhm#up prkifjurfs! mffjtk of gjjrfssfj- kuZuofs Ikmtfmt NJ! jfspntf dniiups! ns usfj oyckst afgjnmh ikmtfmt prkvnjfrs gs g cgttfr k ikursf-

Ktdfr tfidmkakhy nmmkvgtnkms kr pkaniy idgmhfs grf ckrf unj! gmjskcf dgvf gask dgj tdf ffit k ncprkvnmh tdf quganty k jnhntga

ikccumnigtnkm wntdkut nmrnmhnmh km intnzfms rnhdts kr ikpyrnhdts-Ekr fxgcpaf! Egifokkls ikccfmt tkka dfaps usfrs tk sfa#pkanifikmtfmt gmj prkcktf dnhd#quganty jnsiussnkms oy cnmncnznmh trkaaskr ikccfringa fafcfmts- Zfidmkakhy ikcpgmnfs rfqufmtay dfapfgid ktdfr ncprkvf sfrvnifs gmj ikmtfmt gs wfaa- Kmif ZfidIrumidncpafcfmtfj Egifokkl ikccfmts kr usfr NJs gmj rfga mgcfsgppfgrfj! tdf tktga mucofr k Egifokkl ikccfmts pauccftfj:?&! gmj tdf quganty k pksts ncprkvfj $wdfm cfgsurfj gs gmgvfrghf nmirfgsf k 95& nm anlfs pfr pkst.-

Gwgrfmfss Igcpgnhms

Gsskingtnkm#afj Cusni Cgttfrs igcpgnhm2 Cusni Cgttfrs ns

gm fjuigtnkmga igcpgnhm agumidfj nm tdf Vmntfj Lnmhjkc nm?070 tk idgmhf gttntujfs tk cusni pnrgiy gmj umikcpfmsgtfjeaf#sdgrnmh- Zdf igcpgnhm fmbkys tdf ogilnmh k Ypktny! rftgnafrsGcgzkm! DCU gmj Zfsik! gmj skcf grtnsts- Zdf igcpgnhm nskmhknmh gmj nmvkavfs stglfdkajfrs girkss tdf cfjng vgauf idgnm!out tgmhnoaf gmj cfgsurgoaf ncpgit k tdf nmntngtnvf dgs mkt offmrfpkrtfj-

Ikcpgmy#afj igcpgnhms2 Zdns ns g bknmt nmntngtnvf rkc YkmyCusni gmj Ckjfak Orfwfry! wdnid kfrs rff gmj afhgajkwmakgjgoaf cusni tdrkuhd www-snhuftucusnig-ikc- Zk hgnmgiifss! usfrs fmtfr g ikjf kumj nm Ikrkmg okttaf igps- Zdfpurpksf k tdf igcpgnhm ns tk fjuigtf usfrs km afhga wgys tkgiifss cusni gmj dfap tdfc gvknj usnmh naafhga jkwmakgjs-Ikrkmg Cusni gjvfrtnsfs km pkpuagr rgjnk stgtnkms! km tdfNmtfrmft gmj km cusni#jfjnigtfj ZU idgmmfas- Jurnmh nts erst 5ckmtds! tdf wfosntf rfhnstfrfj kvfr > cnaankm jkwmakgjs gmj79 cnaankm kmanmf vnsntkrs- Gmktdfr ikcpgmy#afj igcpgnhm nsHkkhafs Jgsdokgrj- Nt gmswfrs tdf qufstnkm! Xdgt jkfsHkkhaf stkrf nm g pfrskms giikumt; oy succgrnznmh gmjghhrfhgtnmh jgtg kr fvfry Hkkhaf prkjuit tdf pfrskm usfs! gmjprkvnjfs jnrfit anmls kr fgsnfr ikmtrka k pfrskmga sfttnmhs gmjjgtg-

Antnhgtnkm

Oktd iagss#gitnkm agwsunts gmj nmtfr#nmjustry agwsunts dgvf offmusfj gs vfdniafs tk try tk iagrny tdf rnhdts gmj rfspkmsnonantnfs

k rnhdts dkajfrs! sfrvnif prkvnjfrs gmj intnzfms rfhgrjnmh usf

k jnhntga cfjng- Zdfrf ns g jnstnmitnkm oftwffm gitnkms tdgttgrhft afhga fmtntnfs gmj sfrvnifs gmj tdgt tdgt tgrhft nmjnvnjugas-Antnhgtnkm ns ikstay gmj tncf#ikmsucnmh kr pgrtninpgmts gmj ktdfrgfitfj pgrtnfs! wdnid puts nt gt kjjs wntd tdf rfafmtafss pgif knmmkvgtnkm nm jnhntga cfjng- Zdrff gitnkms ofgr cfmtnkm2

Zdf _fikrjnmh Nmjustry Gsskingtnkm k Gcfrnig $_NGG. eafj giagss#gitnkm agwsunt nm ?009 tk fmkrif ikpyrnhdt prktfitnkmgmj jnsikurghf nmrnmhfcfmt gncfj gt usfrs k P?P sdgrnmhsfrvnifs- Intnzfms gmj nmjnvnjuga rnhdts hrkups suid gs tdf

Fafitrkmni Erkmtnfr Ekumjgtnkm gmj Ytujfmts kr Erff Iuaturfirntninzfj tdf agwsunt- Ckrf ncpkrtgmtay! tdfrf ns mk fvnjfmiftdgt tdf agwsunt wgs ffitnvf! gs tdf mucofr k P?P usfrshrfw oftwffm ?009 gmj ?006- Zdf antnhgtnkm wgs uatncgtfayjnsikmtnmufj gtfr _NGG sgnj nt ofanfvfj nt dgj cgjf nts pknmt-

Zdf sfikmj wgvf k antnhgtnkm wgs agumidfj nm fgray ?07?!wdfm fxfiutnvfs k iyofrakilfr Cfhg#Vpakgj wfrfgrrfstfj gmj tdfnr keifs rgnjfj nm ikmmfitnkm wntd gwnjfsprfgj ikpyrnhdt nmrnmhfcfmt nmvfstnhgtnkm orkuhdt oytdf VY hkvfrmcfmt gmj suppkrtfj oy tdf CPGG gmj ktdfrhrkups- Zdf nmvfstnhgtnkm dgs spgwmfj sncnagr gitnkms! gmjtdf igsf ns iurrfmtay wkrlnmh nts wgy tdrkuhd tdf ikurts-

Ungikc eafj g agwsunt ghgnmst Hkkhaf gmj kuZuof nm ?008!gaafhnmh orgzfm ikpyrnhdt nmrnmhfcfmt gs tdf sntfs gaakwusfrs tk upakgj gmj vnfw ikpyrnhdtfj cgtfrnga kwmfj oyUngikc- Ckrf spfineigaay! Ungikc iagncfj tdgt kuZuofsstrgtfhy wgs tk fmhghf nm! prkcktf! gmj nmjuif kmhknmhnmrnmhfcfmt! gmj tdgt kuZuof dgj jfanofrgtfay ounat up ganorgry k nmrnmhnmh wkrls nm krjfr tk nmirfgsf tdf sntfs trgei$gmj gjvfrtnsnmh rfvfmuf.- Zdf sunt ns nm nts etd yfgr gmj cgyrfsuat nm twk jnfrfmt nmtfrprftgtnkms k tdf JCIGs sgfdgrokur prkvnsnkms g jnsikrjgmif tdgt cgy uatncgtfay ofrfskavfj oy tdf VY Yuprfcf Ikurt- Hkkhaf dgs sfiurfj tdfsuppkrt k tfid ousnmfssfs gmj mkm#prkets $fOgy! Egifokkl! gdkk'! Ducgm _nhdts Xgtid gmj Ikmsucfrs Vmnkm gaa eafjgcnius ornfs. wdnaf Ungikcs pksntnkm ns suppkrtfj oy cfjng

ercs gmj ikmtfmt irfgtkrs $tdf Vmntfj Lnmhjkcs PrfcnfrAfghuf! tdf Gsskingtfj Prfss! Hgmmftt Ik-! tdf MgtnkmgaEkktogaa Afghuf! gmj cusningms Hgrtd Orkkls! Ytnmh gmjtdf Fghafs.- Nm Gprna ?07?! tdf VY Ikurt k Gppfgas kr tdfYfikmj Inriunt rfnmstgtfj gmj rfcgmjfj Ungikcs VY*7 onaankm agwsunt ghgnmst kuZuof kr jnrfit gmj sfikmjgryikpyrnhdt nmrnmhfcfmt-

Gcmfsty Prkhrgccfs

_fagtfj tk cgss antnhgtnkm wgs gm _NGG#ogilfj gcmfstyprkhrgccf igaafj Iafgm Yagtf wdfrf pfkpaf wdk sfa#njfmtnefjtdfcsfavfs gs usnmh naafhga jkwmakgjs wkuaj of hrgmtfj g iafgmsagtf gmj mkt suobfitfj tk antnhgtnkm- Dkwfvfr! kmay 7!704 pfkpafsnhmfj up kr gcmfsty! gmj tdf Iafgm Yagtf prkhrgccf ntsfawgs irntninzfj gs g rgujuafmt ousnmfss prgitnif tdgt rfqunrfjrfanmqunsdcfmt k prnvgiy rnhdts- Nt wgs jnsikmtnmufj gtfr_NGG ikmiaujfj tdgt puoani gwgrfmfss gokut tdf naafhganty kjkwmakgjnmh nmrnmhnmh cgtfrngas dgj nmirfgsfj sueinfmtay-

Nt ns iafgr rkc tdf rfsfgrid ikmjuitfj tdgt tdf orfgjtd k gitnkmstglfm oy ousnmfssfs sdkws g sfrnkus gmj hfmunmf nmtfrfst nmgjjrfssnmh tdf sdkrtikcnmhs kr gosfmif k suntgoaf gmj wkrlgoafgpprkgidfs tk git ghgnmst jnhntga cfjng usf- Gs tdf irfgtkrs!jnstrnoutkrs gmj kwmfrs k jnhntga ikmtfmt! ousnmfssfs cgy of tdffgsnfst tk fmhghf nm gmy prkifss jfsnhmfj tk fstgoansd g sustgnmgoafstruiturf- Zdns suobfit wgs ikvfrfj nm tdf Ekrucs Kitkofr ?07?Mfw krl Xkrlsdkp! wdfrf pgrtninpgmts gask jfogtfj wdftdfr

hrfgtfr trgmspgrfmiy k ckmfy kws gckmh gj ghfminfs gmjorgmjs ns tdf lfy gitkr nm rfjuinmh pnrgiy gmj prktfitnmh nmtfaafitugaprkpfrty- Gm nmntngtnvf tk rfjuif pnrgiy oy jnsikurghnmh gj ghfminfsrkc afvfrghnmh naafhga wfosntfs tdgt ikmtgnm pnrgtfj cgtfrnga ikuajjfanvfr suostgmtnga ncpgit-

74Fafitrkmni Erkmtnfr Ekumjgtnkm ?07?! dttps2++www-f-krh+jffpanmls+?07?+07+wdgt#jkfs#twnttfr&F?&40&>>s#ikumtry#ikumtry#tglfjkwm#systfc#cfgm#rffjkc#fxprfssnkm



13/20

79

Kvfrvnfw

I- Intnzfms Gitnkms Gnc tk Prktfit Prnvgiy gmj Erffjkc k

Fxprfssnkm

Nmjnvnjugas girkss tdf hakof grf fmhghfj nm kmanmf gjvkigiy tkfmsurf pfrskmga prnvgiy gmj prfsfrvf giifss tk nmkrcgtnkm gmjrffjkc k fxprfssnkm- Mkrcs vgry wnjfay nm tfrcs k fxpfitgtnkmsgmj lmkwafjhf- Ekr fxgcpaf! CiLnmsfy survfys kumj tdgt wdnafg cgbkrnty k Idnmfsf intnzfms nmjnigtfj tdgt tdfy jk mkt rfgaaylmkw dkw cuid k tdfnr pfrskmga nmkrcgtnkm ns gvgnagoaf kmanmf!Hfrcgm! Jutid gmj Pkansd rfspkmjfmts iagncfj tk dgvf g ofttfr

umjfrstgmjnmh $Enhurf 5.-

Enhurf 52 _fhnkmga Ugrngmifs nm Lmkwnmh Xdgt Pfrskmga Nmkrcgtnkm NsGvgnagoaf Kmanmf

>79

?4>7:

?6>8

4757:

?>

8 4 ?5

> 8 ??

8 4 90

78 77 ?:

4 > 7>

4 77 7>

_gtdfrJnsghrff

_gtdfrGhrff

YtrkmhayGhrff

Ghrff YtrkmhayJnsghrff

Jnsghrff

N rfgaay jkm(t lmkw dkw cuid ke cy pfrskmga nmekrcgtnkm ns gvgnagoaf tk ktdfrpfkpaf kmanmf



Zdf tgitnis ikmsnstfmtay gvgnagoaf tk nmjnvnjugas kr intnzfm hrkups grf

jfckmstrgtnkms! prktfsts gmj okyiktts tdgt jrgw gttfmtnkm tk nssufsgmj rgaay ktdfrs tk tdfnr igusf- Zdfy grf! pfrdgps! gckmh tdf ckstjneiuat afvfrs tk usf! out tdfy dgvf tdf gjvgmtghf k hfmfrgtnmhcfjng ikvfrghf- Ikmifrm gokut nmjnvnjuga prnvgiy gmj rffjkc kfxprfssnkm ikmtnmufs tk hrkw gs ckrf jnhntga jgtg ns ikaafitfj- Envffkrts rffit tdf pkwfr k intnzfms tk ncpgit jnhntga cfjng gitnkms2

7- Prktfsts ghgnmst Hkkhaf YtrfftUnfw sfrvnif2 Hfrcgm intnzfmsofigcf ikmifrmfj gokut tdfnr dkcfs ofnmh idgrtfj gmjpdktkhrgpdfj oy Hkkhaf! sffnmh nt gs g orfgid k prnvgiy- XdnafHfrcgm ikurts ruafj nm Cgrid ?077 tdgt tdf YtrfftUnfw sfrvnifntsfa wgs afhga! Hfrcgm gutdkrntnfs rfgidfj gm ghrffcfmt wntdHkkhaf gaakwnmh intnzfms tk kpt kut k dgvnmh tdfnr dkusf pniturfj$pdktks k tdfnr dkusfs wkuaj of oaurrfj.- ^ft! kmay ?-4>& k

tdf gackst 4-6 cnaankm dkusfdkajs nm tdf ?0 fgturfj intnfs kptfjkut! gmj skcf tdgt krnhnmgaay kppksfj dgvnmh tdfnr prkpfrtypdktkhrgpdfj mkw wgmt tdfnr dkcfs nmiaujfj nm tdf sfrvnif-

?- _fbfitnkm k Gmtn#Ikumtfrfntnmh gmj Zrgjf Ghrffcfmt nm FV2Gatdkuhd suppkrtfj oy tdf cfjng gmj fmtfrtgnmcfmt nmjustry!tdf Gmtn#Ikumtfrfntnmh gmj Zrgjf Ghrffcfmt $GIZG. wgsuatncgtfay vktfj jkwm oy tdf FV Pgrangcfmt nm Bumf ?07?-Xfaa#krhgmnzfj intnzfm prktfsts kiusfj gttfmtnkm km dkw GIZGikuaj nmrnmhf km umjgcfmtga rnhdts nmiaujnmh rff spffid- ZdfGIZG jffgt cgy uatncgtfay jfprnvf tdf FV k nmirfgsfj trgjftdgt ikuaj dgvf nmbfitfj up tk 7> onaankm nmtk tdf FV fikmkcy!giikrjnmh tk rfsfgrid ikmjuitfj oy Erkmtnfr Fikmkcnis-

9- Zdf rnsf k sfa#sustgnmnmh ikpyrnhdt ckjfas suid gs IrfgtnvfIkcckms2 Zdf mkm#prket Irfgtnvf Ikcckms dgs nmtrkjuifjg ckjfa tk suppkrt tdf usf k ikpyrnhdtfj cgtfrnga nm gikaagokrgtnvf! mkm#gjvfrsgrnga wgy oy gaakwnmh rnhdts kwmfrs tkpkst gmj sfafit tdf tfrcs k usf k ikpyrnhdtfj cgtfrnga rgmhnmhrkc gigjfcni rfsfgrid tk grtnstni irfgtnkm- Zdf hrkups wfosntfkfrs kvfr ?60 cnaankm II#anifmsfj ntfcs! gmj usfrs nmiaujfkrhgmnzgtnkms gs vgrnfj gs tdf Xdntf Dkusf! pdgrcgifutnigahngmt HYL $wdnid cgjf g trkvf k cgagrnga rfsfgrid gvgnagoaf.!

gmj Eanilr! wdnid gaakwfj tdf usf k pdktk gridnvfs-:- Dgilnmh2 Oagtgmtay naafhga gitnvntnfs suid gs dgiltnvnst gttgils km

hkvfrmcfmt gmj ikrpkrgtf wfosntfs ikuaj gask of ikmsnjfrfjintnzfm#ifmtrni gitnkms! gatdkuhd tdfy dgvf gnafj tk idgmhfikpyrnhdt kr skinga pkaninfs- Igsfs suid gs tdf dgilnmh k Ykmygmj tdf Bgpgmfsf hkvfrmcfmt wfosntfs oy tdf krhgmnzgtnkmGmkmyckus! kr nmstgmif! jnj mkt dgvf tdf nmtfmjfj ffit Ykmy ikmtnmufs tk prkdnont kpfm#skurif jfvfakpcfmt km PagyYtgtnkm 9 $PY9. jfvnifs gmj tdf Bgpgmfsf hkvfrmcfmt nmtfmjstk ncpafcfmt strnitfr nmtfaafituga prkpfrty agws nm agtf ?07?- Xdnafkrhgmnzfj dgilnmh wnaa ifrtgnmay ikmtnmuf! nts ncpgit gmj suppkrtns ancntfj-

6- Intnzfms eanmh igsfs ghgnmst ikcpgmnfs2 Kmf k tdf erst

invna prkiffjnmhs ghgnmst ikcpgmnfs tkkl pagif nm Nmjng nmJfifcofr ?077- Nt ikmifrmfj ?7 Nmtfrmft ercs $nmiaujnmhHkkhaf! gdkk' gmj Egifokkl. tdgt wfrf giiusfj k dkstnmhkfmsnvf ikmtfmt-7> Gm nmjnvnjuga! Cutn Gnzgz Grsdgj Lgzcn!nmntngtfj tdf sunt km tdf hrkumjs tdgt tdfsf ikcpgmnfs dkstfjikmtfmt jnsrfspfitua tkwgrjs rfanhnkus ofanfs- Zdf Nmjngmgeangtfs k Hkkhaf gmj Egifokkl ikcpanfj wntd tdf Nmjngmikurts nmbumitnkms gmj rfckvfj tdf kfmjnmh ikmtfmt rkc tdfnrjkcgnms- Dkwfvfr! Hkkhaf grhufj tdgt ikmtrkaanmh kr eatfrnmhtdf cgssnvf mucofr k jkiucfmts pgssnmh tdrkuhd nts sfrvfrswkuaj of ncpkssnoaf-

Pgrtninpgmts gt tdf Ekrucs Orussfas Xkrlsdkp mktfj tdgt gs grgs prkpfrty rnhdts grf ikmifrmfj! mkrcs rfagtfj tk jnhntga ikmtfmt

dgvf fvkavfj suid tdgt tdf cfgmnmh k kwmnmh gmj usnmh grfoaurrnmh- Pgrtninpgmts jfogtfj wdftdfr intnzfms dgvf goskautf rnhdtskvfr prkpfrty nm g wkraj wdfrf tdf jfemntnkm k wdgt ikmstntutfsprkpfrty ns nm ux- Zdfy ghrffj tdgt ousnmfssfs cgy mffj tk gjbustkpfrgtnmh ckjfas! hnvfm tdf fxtfmt tk wdnid jnhntga cfjng suppayidgnms dgvf trgmskrcfj-

Iafgray! g trfcfmjkus gckumt k tncf gmj fkrt ns ofnmh spfmt oystglfdkajfrs! wkrlnmh nmjfpfmjfmtay kr tkhftdfr! tk gjjrfss tdfnssufs rgnsfj oy tdf usf k jnhntga cfjng- Nt wgs mktfj gt tdf EkrucsPufrtk Ugaagrtg Xkrlsdkp tdgt mkmf k tdf prncgry stglfdkajfrhrkups dgs ikcf up wntd g jfemntnvf wgy tk ogagmif tdf prkcktnkmk jngakhuf oy hrgmtnmh gmkmycnty gmj cgnmtgnmnmh invnanty! wntd tdfncpksntnkm k giikumtgonanty km tdksf wdk usf kmanmf gmkmycnty tksprfgj nmgiiurgtf! ktfm cganinkus! nmkrcgtnkm- Ckst pgrtninpgmtsghrffj tdgt gmy hakoga rgcfwkrl fstgoansdfj tk umjfrstgmjjnhntga cfjng usf wkuaj mffj tk rffit tdf nmtfrfsts k tdf prncgrystglfdkajfrs! nmiaujf g snhmneigmt fjuigtnkmga ikcpkmfmt! gmjgitkr nm tdf afsskms afgrmfj rkc tdf fkrts k hkvfrmcfmts!ousnmfssfs gmj intnzfms-

7>Zdf Zncfs k Nmjng Hrkup< _fpkrtfrs Xntdkut Okrjfrs



14/20

7:

Gatdkuhd tdf gpprkgidfs gmj ncpgit k gitnkms tglfm oyhkvfrmcfmts! ousnmfssfs gmj intnzfms tk sdgpf jnhntga cfjng usfvgry ikmsnjfrgoay! tdfy grf mkmftdfafss nmstruitnvf nm jfvfakpnmhhakoga stgmjgrjs- Ykcf gitnkms dgvf wkrlfj wfaa tk gjvgmif tdksfnmtfrfsts! gmj ktdfrs dgvf prkvfj prkoafcgtni2

Hkvfrmcfmt gitnkms ikmtnmuf tk cfft wntd cnxfj suiifss2_fhuagtnkms gmj agws tk fmkrif nmtfaafituga prkpfrty igmwkrl! out dgvf mkt gawgys cft wntd suiifss- Gs mktfj oyg pgrtninpgmt gt tdf Ekrucs Pufrtk Ugaagrtg Xkrlsdkp! fwburnsjnitnkms spfineigaay jnfrfmtngtf oftwffm vnkagtnkms knmtfaafituga prkpfrty agws kr nmjnvnjuga ikmsucptnkm gs ghgnmstikccfringa usf g agil k jnstnmitnkm tdgt pksfs g rfgaikmifrm- Gitnkms suid gs survfnaagmif kr ifmskrsdnp tk prktfitmgtnkmga sfiurnty dgvf grfj ofttfr! out ktfm ncpnmhf dfgvnay kmnmjnvnjuga rnhdts gmj tdf gonanty k ikcpgmnfs tk cgxncnzf tdfnrikccfringa pktfmtnga-

Ousnmfss nmmkvgtnkms jk ounaj gwgrfmfss gmj grf hgnmnmhirfjfmif wntd ikmtfmt irfgtkrs! jnstrnoutkrs gmj kwmfrs2 Mfw

sfrvnifs suid gs VatrgUnkaft! Ypktny gmj kuZuofs IkmtfmtNJ dgvf strkmh pgrtninpgtnkm jfspntf gws- Antnhgtnkm! wdftdfrnmntngtfj oy tdf hkvfrmcfmt! ikccfringa ikcpftntkrs kr intnzfmhrkups! ns ktfm tncf ikmsucnmh gmj ikstay-

Intnzfm#afj gitnkms grf ckst ffitnvf nm prktfitnmh prnvgiy! outigm umjfriut nmmkvgtnkm gmj fikmkcni hrkwtd2 Okyiktts gmjprktfsts grf ffitnvf nm oakilnmh agws kr jrgwnmh gttfmtnkm tksffcnmhay umgnr prgitnifs tdgt ncpnmhf km intnzfms prncgrynmtfrfsts k rffjkc k fxprfssnkm gmj prnvgiy! gmj jk skqunilay! gs prkvfj nm tdf Hkkhaf Hfrcgmy YtrfftUnfw igsf-Dkwfvfr! ckst k tdfsf gitnkms grf rfgitnvf! gmj mkt kiusfjkm gjvgminmh prkgitnvf idgmhf- Nm skcf inriucstgmifs!intnzfm prktfsts dgvf dgj tdf umnmtfmjfj kr umikmtrkaagoaf

ikmsfqufmifs k rffznmh nmmkvgtnkm kr umjfrcnmnmh fikmkcnihrkwtd! gs nm igsf k tdf GIZG jffgt nm Furkpf-?0

Afsskms tk Gppay nmJfvfakpnmh HakogaYtgmjgrjs

Iafgray! jnvfrhfmt out afhntncgtf stglfdkajfr nmtfrfsts rkcprktfitnmh mgtnkmga sfiurnty tdrkuhd ghhrfssnvf ifmskrsdnp tkgaakwnmh uaa rffjkc k fxprfssnkm kr intnzfms gmj tdf rnsls tdgtsuid rffjkcs nmfvntgoay ornmh igm rgrfay of ogagmifj- ft!jfvfakpnmh g rgcfwkrl tdgt dfaps grtniuagtf! n mkt qugmtny gmjprnkrntnzf! tdfsf nmtfrfsts gs wfaa gs tdf ckst rfqufmt trgjf#kswkuaj ikmstntutf g stfp krwgrj- Gt tdf vfry afgst nt ikuaj prkvnjf tdfkumjgtnkm kr urtdfr jnsiussnkm gmj! nm skcf ikumtrnfs gmj rfhnkms!sfrvf gs tdf ogsns km wdnid g ckrf struiturfj trgjf#k cfidgmnscikuaj of jfvfakpfj-

Erkc rfsfgrid! nmtfrvnfws gmj igsf gmgaysfs ikmjuitfj kvfr tdfpgst yfgr! kur kvfr#gridnmh kosfrvgtnkms igm of cgjf gokut tdfwgys nm wdnid hkvfrmcfmts! ousnmfssfs! gmj intnzfms dgvf skuhdttk gjvgmif gmj prktfit tdfnr nmtfrfsts nm rfifmt yfgrs2

7- Hkvfrmcfmt gitnkms! wdftdfr tk prktfit nmtfaafituga prkpfrtyrnhdts kr nmjnvnjuga prnvgiy! dgvf fmbkyfj g ckjniuc k suiifss!out ktfm gt mfgr#prkdnontnvf iksts- Nmjffj! g mucofr khkvfrmcfmt fkrts dgvf prkvfj tk of emngmingaay umsustgnmgoaf-

Nmtfmsnefj ikaagokrgtnkm wntd ktdfr stglfdkajfr hrkups ikuaj afgjafss fxkrontgmt skautnkms tdgt jrnvf sncnagr kr ofttfr rfsuats-

?- Prktfitnkm k nmtfaafituga prkpfrty rnhdts! gmj gnr ikcpfmsgtnkmkr grtnsts gmj rnhdts dkajfrs ikmtfmt! dnmhfs km kpfmjfvfakpcfmt gmj strkmhfr ikaagokrgtnkm wntd nmjustry- Zruaykpfm gridntfiturfs tdksf mkt gt irkss#purpksfs wntd tdfikcpgmnfs kpfrgtnmh tdfc ikuaj hrfgtay ofmfet ousnmfssfsgmj ikmsucfrs! ganlf- Ykcf fxnst tkjgy! out ckrf umnvfrsgagjkptnkm ns fssfmtnga kr g vnrtukus kmanmf fiksystfc tk tdrnvf

9- Zdf kmus ns km jnhntga puoansdfrs! jgtg prkvnjfrs! gmj gjvfrtnsfrstk prktfit ikmsucfr prnvgiy gmj ktdfr nmjnvnjuga rnhdts! gmj tdfycgy mffj tk krhk sdkrt#tfrc prkets nm tdf prkifss- Ikmsucfrs

tkjgy dgvf! gt ofst! gm nmikcpaftf pniturf k tdf typf gmj fxtfmtk jgtg cnmfj oy ousnmfss! gmj fvfm tdfnr kwm hkvfrmcfmt- Kurrfsfgrid nmjnigtfs tdgt ifrtgnm nmjustry sfitkrs! nm ikaagokrgtnkmwntd hkvfrmcfmt gmj tdf puoani! grf ofst pksntnkmfj tk irfgtf gikcckm pagtkrc wdnid ikuaj! nm tncf! afgj tk g jnhntga cghmgigrtg! fcpkwfrnmh ikmsucfrs tk cglf ofttfr#nmkrcfjjfinsnkms-

:- Nt ofdkkvfs hkvfrmcfmts tk ncprkvf tdf puoanis umjfrstgmjnmhk tdf trgjf#ks gmj rnsls nmdfrfmt nm rnhdts tk prnvgiy gmjrffjkc k fxprfssnkm- Zdf ikmumjruc k dkw tk ogagmif tdfmgtnkmga sfiurnty gmj krfnhm pkaniy nmtfrfsts k g mgtnkm#stgtfwntd nts intnzfms rnhdt tk rff spffid ns g ikmstgmt trgjf#k-Zkjgy! tdkuhd! wf anvf nm g wkraj wdfrf jnhntga ikmtfmt irfgtfj

nm kmf pagif igm nmstgmtay of giifssfj rkc gmywdfrf fasf! wntdsncnagray nmstgmt rfgitnkms- Hkvfrmcfmts sncpay cust jk g ofttfrbko k ncprkvnmh puoani gwgrfmfss gokut tdf ncpgit k tdfnrgitnkms-

?0Ykurif2 GIZG Egits



15/20

76Ydgpnmh Ykautnkms kr g Mfw Frg

Akklnmh Ekrwgrj2Prkpksfj Ytfps krPdgsf ? $?079.

Pdgsf ? k tdf prkbfit wnaa fmtgna jffpfr gmj ckrf jymgcnifmhghfcfmt wntd stglfdkajfrs- Pnakts wnaa of ikmjuitfj nm kmf krtwk sfafitfj ikumtrnfs tk jfvfakp g ckrf jftgnafj umjfrstgmjnmhk dkw tdf nssufs rgnsfj dfrf ikuaj of gjjrfssfj- Zdf gitnvntnfsnm Pdgsf ? cgy gask nmiaujf g okttkc#up gpprkgid tdgt wnaa jrgwnmjnvnjugas nmtk dfapnmh ik#jfsnhm tdf prkbfit vng skinga cfjngkutrfgid- Zdf nmntngtnvfs prkpksfj kr Pdgsf ? nmiaujf2

7- Fmhghnmh tgrhftfj stglfdkajfrs gmj nmufmifrs2 Agumid g rkaanmhhakoga fmhghfcfmt igcpgnhm nm ikmbumitnkm wntd rfspfitnvfEkruc rfhnkmga cfftnmhs! gmj afvfrghf cgbkr hakoga fvfmts tkjrnvf sustgnmfj ncpgit kvfr 7? ckmtds- Ytfps ikuaj nmiaujf2

G- Njfmtnynmh tgrhft gujnfmifs tk sdgrf tdf rfsfgridwntd! nmiaujnmh pkaniy#cglfrs gmj agw#cglfrs! cfjng!fmtfrmtgnmcfmt gmj nmkrcgtnkm ikcpgmnfs! umnvfrsntyprkfsskrs gmj invna hrkups-

O- Jfvfakpnmh gmj fxfiutnmh fmhghfcfmt pagms kr fgid tgrhftgujnfmif $f-h- tncf! akigtnkm gmj krcgt.- Zdns wnaa nmiaujf

jkiucfmtnmh gmj symtdfsnznmh nmsnhdts! gs wgs jkmf nm tdfPdgsf 7 rfhnkmga wkrlsdkps-

I- I- Fmhghnmh g suohrkup k stglfdkajfrs gmj nmufmifrs tkurtdfr jnssfcnmgtf tdf rfpkrt rkc Pdgsf 7! pgrtniuagray nmikumtrnfs tdgt ikuaj dkst g pnakt-

?- Ikmjuit Ikumtry Pnakts2 Ekaakw tdf hakoga agumid k tdffmhghfcfmt pagm wntd kmf kr twk ikumtry#afvfa pnakts tdgt tfstgmj hgtdfr afgrmnmhs tdrkuhd tgnakrfj wdntfpgpfrs gmj rfsfgrid-

G- Yfafit dkst ikumtrnfs ogsfj km mffj! afvfa k fmhghfcfmtgmj pfrifnvfj ncpgit k ikaagokrgtnkm-

O- Ydgrf rfsfgrid rkc Pdgsf 7 wntd stglfdkajfrs nm pnakt

ikumtrnfs! nmiaujnmh rfprfsfmtgtnvfs rkc hkvfrmcfmts!ousnmfssfs gmj tdf hfmfrga puoani- Zdns wnaa fmgoaf g jffpfrumjfrstgmjnmh k tdf nssufs spfinei tk tdf pnakt ikumtrnfs-

I- Ikaagokrgtf wntd g ikumtry#spfinei tgsl krif ikcpksfj khkvfrmcfmt! ousnmfssfs gmj invna skinfty rfprfsfmtgtnvfs-


16/20

75

Prkbfit Ikmtrnoutkrs

Cfjng! Fmtfrtgnmcfmt gmj Nmkrcgtnkm nmjustry pgrtmfrs

$gs k Bgmugry ?079.

Gjkof Yystfcs Nmi-Gfhns Hrkup PaiOfrtfascgmm YF%Ik LHgG

OakkcofrhikcYikrf Nmi- ""IMOIJgnay Cgna % Hfmfrga Zrust Pai $JCHZ. "Jkhgm Cfjng HrkupFjfacgmEgifokkl Nmi-Hkkhaf Nmi-Hrupk GOI "Hrupk Yganmgs "DgvgsDuofrt Ourjg Cfjng Dkajnmh HcoD % Ik- LHNdags Dkajnmh YGNmtfrpuoani Hrkup "Lujfasln HrkupMgspfrs Atj "Kcmnikc Hrkup Nmi-Pfgrskm Pai "Puoanins HrkupfZdf CiHrgw#Dnaa IkcpgmnfsZfafikcnmvfstZdf Mnfasfm IkcpgmyZdkcskm _futfrsVmnvnsnkm Ikcumnigtnkms Nmi- "XPP Pai gdkk' Nmi-

" Cfjng! Fmtfrtgnmcfmt gmj Nmkrcgtnkm Nmjustry Gsskingtfs""Cfjng! Fmtfrtgnmcfmt gmj Nmkrcgtnkm Hakoga Hrkwtd IkcpgmyYdgpfr

Prkbfit Zfgc rkc tdf Xkraj Fikmkcni Ekruc

Jngmg Fa#Gzgr! Jnrfitkr! Dfgj k Cfjng! Fmtfrtgnmcfmt % NmkrcgtnkmNmjustrnfsCfmhyu Gmmnf Auk! Gsskingtf Jnrfitkr! Cfjng! Fmtfrtgnmcfmt %Nmkrcgtnkm NmjustrnfsGafbgmjrg Ufafz! Gsskingtf Jnrfitkr! Cfjng! Fmtfrtgnmcfmt %Nmkrcgtnkm NmjustrnfsAfmg Xkkjwgrj! Zfgc Ikkrjnmgtkr! Cfjng! Fmtfrtgnmcfmt %Nmkrcgtnkm Nmjustrnfs

Prkbfit Gjvnsfrs

Hfkrfy L- Ygmjs! Jnrfitkr! Hakoga Cfjng! Fmtfrtgnmcfmt gmjNmkrcgtnkm Prgitnif! CiLnmsfy % Ikcpgmy! VYGBkmgtdgm Jumm! Gsskingtf Prnminpga! Hakoga Cfjng! Fmtfrtgnmcfmtgmj Nmkrcgtnkm Prgitnif! CiLnmsfy % Ikcpgmy! VYG untk gcgjg! Gsskingtf! CiLnmsfy % Ikcpgmy! Bgpgm

Ytffrnmh Ikccnttff Cfcofrs

Agmif Xfnafr! Nmjfpfmjfmt Enaccglfr! VYGOnaa _usntzly! Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Ytrgtfhni gmj Ousnmfss Jfvfakpcfmt!Gjkof Yystfcs! VYGJgmnfa Zgyakr! Jnrfitkr k Ytrgtfhy gmj Ikccfringa Jfvfakpcfmt!

G%M Nmtfrmgtnkmga Cfjng! Vmntfj LnmhjkcNrfmf Orggc! Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Hkvfrmcfmt _fagtnkms gmj Dfgj!Orussfas Angnskm Keif! Ofrtfascgmm GH! OfahnucYusgm Lnsd! Dfgj! Irkss#Pagtkrc Nmntngtnvfs! Oakkcofrh AP! VYGAnmjg Okagmj Gorgdgc! Ik#Ekumjfr! Idnf Cgrlft Keifr gmjFxfiutnvf Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Hakoga Jfvfakpcfmt! ikcYikrf Nmi-! VYGYtfvf_uofa! Fxfiutnvf Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Hakoga Ytrgtfhy gmj Nmsnhdts!Fjfacgm! VYG_kofrtCgjfanm! Jnrfitkr#Hfmfrga! Ikccumnigtnkms Mftwkrls!

Ikmtfmt % Zfidmkakhy! Furkpfgm Ikccnssnkm! OfahnucZfbgs Mgrfidgmng! Ypfinga Ikumsfa! Efjfrga IkccumnigtnkmsIkccnssnkm! VYG_fmuLualgrmn! Ekumjfr gmj Fxfiutnvf Jnrfitkr! EuturfCfjng!Hfkrhng Nmstntutf k Zfidmkakhy! VYGBkdmCkmthkcfry! Idnf Kpfrgtnmh Keifr! HrkupC Nmtfrgitnkm! VYGLfm_ktd! Fxfiutnvf Jnrfitkr! Ducgm _nhdts Xgtid! VYGGdcft C- Krfm! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Ndags Dkajnmh YG! ZurlfyBfgmmfOkurhguat! Prfsnjfmt! Nmtfrmfws! VYGIdrnstkpdf Mnikags! Yfmnkr Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Iyofr Yfrvnifs gmjZfidmkakhnfs! Lujfasln Hrkup! YwntzfragmjIymtdng D- Orgjjkm! Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Hkvfrmcfmt Ggnrs! CiHrgw#Dnaa Ikcpgmnfs! VYGBknidn Ntk! Jnrfitkr! Cfjng Ago! CNZ! VYG

Kanvnfr Eafurkt! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! CYAH_KVP! ErgmifLgrfm F- Xgtskm! Cgmghnmh Jnrfitkr! Mnfasfm Hkvfrmcfmt gmjPuoani Yfitkr! AAI! Zdf Mnfasfm Ikcpgmy! VYGYusgm Xdntnmh! Unif#Idgnr! Zdf Mnfasfm Ikcpgmy! VYGHgry_fhfmstrfn! Fjntkr! Ypfinga Prkbfits! _futfrs! Zdkcskm_futfrs! VYGXkahgmhOagu! Fjntkr#nm#Idnf! Rfnt Kmanmf HcoD! Hfrcgmy

Nmtfrvnfwffs

Cgmufa _nvfrg! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr ! Hrupk Fxpgmsnkm! Cfxnik_kmgajk Afcks! Jnrfitkr! Ifmtfr kr Zfidmkakhy % Ykinfty EHU AgwYidkka! Orgzna

Bgcfs C- Lkmjk- Dfgj k Fgst Gsng! Zwnttfr! BgpgmEfjfrnik Jkrnmh Igsgr! Yfmgtkr! Yfmgtf k Cfxnik! CfxnikAkurjfs Igsgmkvg! Geangtf Prkfsskr! NMYFGJ! ErgmifIgrcfm Nrfmf Gags! Puoansdfr gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! _fvnstgFstrgtfhng! Fa YgavgjkrBknidn Ntk! Jnrfitkr! Cfjng Ago! CNZ! VYGGafssgmjrg Hgaakmn! Ourfgu Idnf! Ykutdfrm Furkpf! Zdf Xgaa YtrfftBkurmga! ErgmifKanvnfr Eafurkt! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! CYAH_KVP! ErgmifJgm Erfmjnmourh! Dfgj k Vsfr Prnvgiy! Hkkhaf! VYGEgnsga Googs! Oakhhfr! Zdf Duemhtkm Pkst! VYGNrfmf Orggc! Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Hkvfrmcfmt _fagtnkms gmj Dfgj!Orussfas Angnskm Keif! Ofrtfascgmm! Ofahnuc

Ygrgd Afgd Xdntskm! Fxfiutnvf Jnrfitkr! Cnjjaf Fgst gmj MkrtdGrnig Jnvnsnkm! Ducgm _nhdts Xgtid! VYGBuanfm Dgwgrn! Ik#Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr gmj Fjntkr#nm#Idnf!Zrfmjs! Vmntfj Grgo Fcnrgtfs

Ikmsucfr Yurvfys

Mkrcs gmj Ugaufs nm Jnhntga Cfjng Yurvfy! IkcYikrf+XkrajFikmkcni Ekruc! ?07?

nIkmsucfr Yurvfy! CiLnmsfy % Ikcpgmy! ?077

Prkbfit wfosntf

dttp2++rfpkrts-wfkruc-krh+mkrcs#vgaufs#jnhntga#cfjng+



17/20

78

Pgrtninpgmts nm Prkbfit Xkrlsdkps

Pufrtk Ugaagrtg! Cfxnik 75#74 Gprna ?07?

Efrmgmjk Igrrk! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Iauos gmj Jnrfit Cgrlftnmh!Ofrtfascgmm GH! HfrcgmyHfrgajk Ikfadk! Dfgj! Agtnm Gcfrnig Ygafs! Oakkcofrh APOrgzna

_gcnrk Prujfmink! Prfsnjfmt gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! AgtnmGcfrnig! Ourskm#Cgrstfaafr! VYGGakmsk Zkrrfs! Ikumtry Cgmghfr! OZ Hrkup Pai! CfxnikCnhufaCnfr! Idnf Kpfrgtnmh Keifr! Inmfpkans! CfxnikGafbgmjrk Eksl! Yfmnkr Unif#Prfsnjfmt gmj Hfmfrga Cgmghfr!ikcYikrf Nmi-! IdnafZnc Yifrog! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Fjfacgm Cfxnik YG jf IU!CfxnikPfjrk Afss Gmjrgjf! Jnrfitkr! Puoani Pkaniy! Ypgmnsd Ypfglnmh AgtnmGcfrnig! Hkkhaf Nmi-! GrhfmtnmgNjgang Iruz! Jnrfitkr! Ytrgtfhy! Hrupk Yganmgs! CfxnikLgrfm Ytrguss! Idnf Nmmkvgtnkm Keifr! Lftiduc Nmi-! VYGPnfrrf _ky! Idnf Kpfrgtnmh Keifr! Jnhntga ZU gmj Fxfiutnvf Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Lujfasln Hrkup! Ywntzfragmj

Iymtdng D- Orgjjkm! Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Hkvfrmcfmt Ggnrs! CiHrgw#Dnaa Ikcpgmnfs! VYGLfmmftdOfttstfaafr! Cgmghnmh Jnrfitkr! Vmnvfrsga Mftwkrls AgtnmGcfrnig! MOI Vmnvfrsga Nmi-! VYGIdrnstkpdfr Hrgvfs! Hakoga Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Khnavy Puoani_fagtnkms Xkrajwnjf! VYGHgornfag Cgmrnqufz! Dfgj! Hkvfrmcfmt Ggnrs! Agtnm Gcfrnig!Wugaikcc! VYGIgraEgrrfaa! Fxfiutnvf Unif#Prfsnjfmt! YGY Gcfrnigs! YGY NmstntutfNmi-! VYGBksf Auns Ygmidfz! Prfsnjfmt! Agtnm Gcfrnig Mkrtd gmj Igrnoofgm!YGY Nmstntutf Nmi-! CfxnikCgrl Ytgmafy! Hfmfrga Cgmghfr! Agtnm Gcfrnig! Ykmy Ikcputfr

Fmtfrtgnmcfmt Gcfrnig! VYGBkdm Ckmiurf! Jnrfitkr! Agtnm Gcfrnig! Zdf Enmgminga Zncfs! CfxnikYikttYpnrnt! Idnf Ytrgtfhy Keifr! XPP Pai! Pfkpafs _fpuoani kIdnmgAkurjfs Ofrdk Ikrkmg! Ekumjfr gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr!Gaidfcng! CfxnikJgmnfa Fnafcofrh! Ekumjfr gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! GmncgaPkatnik! VYGGmtkmnk Cgrtmfz Ufazqufz! Ikccumnigtnkms Keifr gmj Jnhntga_nhdts _fsfgridfr! Grtniaf 7>! Cfxnik_kjrnhk Prfz#Gakmsk Hkmzafz! _fprfsfmtgtnvf gmj Yfirftgry kNmkrcgtnkm Zfidmkakhnfs! Idgcofr k Jfputnfs k Cfxnik! CfxnikFrnl Idgrgs! Ekumjfr gmj Cgmghnmh Jnrfitkr! Idgrgs AJG!Ckzgconquf

Bugm Cgmufa Igsgmufvg Ugrhgs! Jnrfitkr! Intnzfm Fmhghfcfmt!IntnUkx! Cfxnik_kssgmg Eufmtfs#Ofrgnm! Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Hrupk Fxpgmsnkm! CfxnikCgmufa _nvfrg! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Hrupk Fxpgmsnkm! CfxnikAkurjfs Igsgmkvg! Geangtf Prkfsskr! Ytrgtfhy Jfpgrtcfmt!NMYFGJ! ErgmifIgrcfm Nrfmf Gags! Puoansdfr gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! _fvnstgFstrgtfhng % Mfhkinks! Fa YgavgjkrEfjfrnik Jkrnmh Igsgr! Yfmgtkr! Yfmgtf k Cfxnik! CfxnikYtfvfm _ujkapd! Pgrtmfr! CiLnmsfy % Ikcpgmy! VYG

Nstgmoua! Zurlfy :#5 Bumf ?07?

Dgrtcut _nfstfr! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Zurlfy! _kcgmng gmjOuahgrng! Gfhns Cfjyg Dnzcftafrn! ZurlfyNrfmf Orggc! Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Hkvfrmcfmt _fagtnkms gmj Dfgj!Orussfas Angnskm Keif! Ofrtfascgmm! OfahnucBksf Pfjrk C- Igrvdgadk! Yfmnkr Unif#Prfsnjfmt! IG Zfidmkakhnfs!PkrtuhgaUnvngm Ogrnmh! Jfputy Idgnrpfrskm- Jgnay Cgna % Hfmfrga Zrust Pai$JCHZ.! Vmntfj LnmhjkcGrzudgm Jkhgm ganmjgh! Idgnrpfrskm! Jkhgm ZU Dkajnmh! ZurlfyMurn C- Ikaglkhau! Prfsnjfmt! Jkhgm gynm Dkajnmh! ZurlfyKzafc Jfmnzcfm! Fxfiutnvf Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Jkhus Ytrgtfhy! JkhusHrkup! Zurlfy_nidgrj Gaagm! Jnrfitkr! Pkaniy! FCFG! Egifokkl Nmi-! VmntfjLnmhjkcJgrrfmXgalfr! Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Fjuigtnkm! Irfgtnvnty gmj ErffFxprfssnkm! Ekrj Ekumjgtnkm! VYGJfcftNlnafr! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! HrkupC! ZurlfyGdcft C- Krfm! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Ndags Dkajnmh YG! Zurlfy_ky C- Dgjjgj! Idgnrpfrskm gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! BXZCnjjaf Fgst % Gtrnig! AfogmkmIdrnstkpdfMnikags! Yfmnkr Unif#Prfsnjfmt! gmj Dfgj! Iyofr

Yfrvnifs gmj Zfidmkakhnfs! Lujfasln Hrkup! YwntzfragmjKanvnfrEafurkt! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! CYAH_KVP! ErgmifCgrwgm H- Dfagyfa! Cgmghnmh Jnrfitkr! Nmtfrmgtnkmga Zfafvnsnkm! MOIVmnvfrsga Nmtfrmgtnkmga Zfafvnsnkm Jnstrnoutnkm Cnjjaf Fgst! VmntfjGrgo FcnrgtfsMgssfrCgrged! Hrkup Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Wtfa Hrkup! WgtgrYdulrnJgoghdn! Hfmfrga Cgmghfr! YGY Nmstntutf # Cnjjaf Fgst_fhnkm! Vmntfj Grgo Fcnrgtfs_gczn_ggj! Idgnrpfrskm gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! ZOXG_GGJCnjjaf Fgst! Vmntfj Grgo FcnrgtfsGjrngmIagrlf! Puoansdfr! Furkpf gmj Cnjjaf Fgst Fjntnkms! ZdfEnmgminga Zncfs! ErgmifEgnsgaGoogs! Oakhhfr! Zdf Duemhtkm Pkst! VYGPdnanpMkrcnmtkm! Cgmghnmh Jnrfitkr! Zurlfy! Zdf Mnfasfm Ikcpgmy!ZurlfyHgry_fhfmstrfn! Fjntkr! Ypfinga Prkbfits! _futfrs! Zdkcskm_futfrs! VYGGafssgmjrgHgaakmn! Ourfgu Idnf! Ykutdfrm Furkpf! Zdf Xgaa YtrfftBkurmga! ErgmifGdcfjMgssf! Unif#Prfsnjfmt gmj Cgmghnmh Jnrfitkr! gdkk Nmi-!Vmntfj Grgo FcnrgtfsGsdrfLdgana! Nmjfpfmjfmt Bkurmganst! FhyptXnaacktGaafm! Ekumjfr! 7 Xkraj Fmtfrprnsfs! VYG gmg Oudrfr Zgvgmnfr! Igcpgnhm Jnrfitkr! Ouahgrngm DfasnmlnIkccnttff! OuahgrngDnaga Gdcfj Agsdufa! Gsskingtf Prkfsskr k Anf Yinfmifs! OrgnmCnmj Nmstntutf! Fikaf Pkaytfidmnquf Ejrgaf jf Agusgmmf $FPEA.!

YwntzfragmjGdcgj GojualgrncBuagr! Hrkup Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! FcnrgtfsZfafikccumnigtnkms Ikrpkrgtnkm $Ftnsgagt.! Vmntfj Grgo FcnrgtfsCgxncnangmLuss! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr gmj Ekumjfr! FurkpfgmCfjng Dkajnmh! HfrcgmyYgrgdAfgdXdntskm! Fxfiutnvf Jnrfitkr! Cnjjaf Fgst gmj MkrtdGrnig Jnvnsnkm! Ducgm _nhdts Xgtid! VYGZgaIdgakznm! Hakoga Ydgpfrs! Ik#Ekumjfr gmj Idnf ZfidmkakhyKeifr! Nmmkvnj! VYGBfgmmfOkurhguat! Prfsnjfmt! Nmtfrmfws! VYGCgrlusOaucf! Gjvnsfr tk tdf Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! LfmtgrkHcoD! HfrcgmyMgn Ga Cutgwg! Idgnrpfrskm gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! ZDF >>!LuwgntGaglsgmjr Agdvnmnfi! Gjvnsfr! Zdf Ckvfcfmt kr Erffjkc! OfagrusBuanfmDgwgrn! Ik#Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr gmj Fjntkr#nm#Idnf!Zrfmjs! Vmntfj Grgo FcnrgtfsGdcgj Gnygj! Ekumjfr gmj Cgmghnmh Jnrfitkr! Zyidk! FhyptCgrlusErfrlfr! Prnminpga! CiLnmsfy % Ikcpgmy! Hfrcgmy



18/20

74

Orussfas! Ofahnuc ?7 Bumf ?07?

Lgrnc G- Afsnmg! Fxfiutnvf Jnrfitkr! FCFG Hkvfrmcfmt Ggnrs!GZ%Z! OfahnucCgri Yumjfrcgmm! Cgmghfr! Hkvfrmcfmt _fagtnkms! OfrtfascgmmGH! OfahnucIdgrafsHagssfr! Mfwsrkkc Ikumsfa! Oakkcofrh! VYGLgtganm Egrlgs! Prkvkst gmj Gigjfcni Prk#_fitkr! Ifmtrga FurkpfgmVmnvfrsnty! Dumhgry^ngmmns Agkurns! Yfmnkr Yinfmtnst gmj Idgnr! Iyprus Mfurksinfmif %Zfidmkakhy Nmstntutf $Euturf Xkrajs Ifmtrf.! IyprusBrhfm I- Gonaj Gmjfrsfm! Jnrfitkr#Hfmfrga! Jgmnsd Cnmnstryk Yinfmif! Zfidmkakhy gmj Nmmkvgtnkm! Jgmnsd Mgtnkmga NZ gmjZfafikc Ghfmiy! JfmcgrlCgrsdgaaCgmskm! Cgmghnmh Jnrfitkr! Jnhntga! FCFG! Fjfacgm! VLNsgofaafIdgtfanfr! Afhga Keifr! Pkaniy gmj Ikmsuatgtnkm Vmnt!Furkpfgm Jgtg Prktfitnkm Yupfrvnskr! Furkpfgm Vmnkm! OfahnucOfmXghmfr! _fsfgridfr! Furkpfgm Vmnvfrsnty Nmstntutf! ntgayFrniCgmm! Jnrfitkr! FV Ggnrs! Egifokkl Nmi-! OfahnucBrhfm vgm jfr Yakkt! Yfmnkr _fsfgrid Jnrfitkr! Erffjkc Ago EuturfYtujnfs! MftdfragmjsYfogstngm Jkfjfms! Dfgj! Puoani Ggnrs! IkrpkrgtfIkccumnigtnkms! Duofrt Ourjg Cfjng! Hfrcgmy

HfmfvnfvfOfaa! Jnrfitkr! Nmtfrgitnkm gmj Fxpfrnfmif _fsfgrid NmtfaAgos! Nmtfa Ikrpkrgtnkm! VYGIdrnstkpdf Mnikags! Yfmnkr Unif#Prfsnjfmt! gmj Dfgj! IyofrYfrvnifs gmj Zfidmkakhnfs! Lujfasln Hrkup! YwntzfragmjVhk Pghgaak! Prkfsskr k Pdnakskpdy k Agw! MFTG Ifmtfr krNmtfrmft gmj Ykinfty! NtgayBfgm#Hgornfa Hgmgsing! Prkfsskr k Ikcputfr Yinfmif! Pgrns UNVmnvfrsnty! Ergmif_nilgrj Egalvnmhf! Ekumjfr! Pnrgtf Pgrty! Pnrgtf Pgrty! YwfjfmCnrfnaafDnajforgmjt! Prkfsskr k Ycgrt Fmvnrkmcfmts! JgtgPrktfitnkm gmj tdf _uaf k Agw! _gjokuj Vmnvfrsnty Mnbcfhfm!MftdfragmjsCgrnftbf Yidgglf! Cfcofr k Furkpfgm Pgrangcfmt! Zdf FurkpfgmPgrangcfmt! MftdfragmjsIymtdng Orgjjkm! Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Hkvfrmcfmt Ggnrs! Zdf CiHrgw#Dnaa Ikcpgmnfs! VYGYtfgmg Orkgjofmt! Efaakw! Jfpgrtcfmt k Gmtdrkpkakhy! VmnvfrsntyIkaafhf Akmjkm! VLYgrgd Kgtfs! Egiuaty k Agw! Ousnmfss gmj Ykinga Yinfmifs!Vmnvfrsnty k Hagshkw! VLAuingmkEakrnjn! Prkfsskr k Pdnakskpdy gmj VMFYIK Idgnr!Nmkrcgtnkm gmj Ikcputfr Ftdnis! Vmnvfrsnty k Dfrtkrjsdnrf! gmjEfaakw k Yt Irkss Ikaafhf! Kxkrj! VLZdkcgsYpnaafr! Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Puoani Pkaniy! Furkpf! Cnjjaf Fgstgmj Grnig! Xgat Jnsmfy Ikcpgmy! OfahnucBuang _fjg! Cfcofr! Efjfrga Okgrj k tdf Hfrcgm Gsskingtnkm k kumh Pnrgtfs! kumh Pnrgtf Pgrty! Hfrcgmy

Mnikaf Jfwgmjrf! Gjvnskr tk tdf Jnrfitkr#Hfmfrga! Ykinftga Nmtfrgifk tdf JGF! JH NMEYK! Furkpfgm Ikccnssnkm! OfahnucGhmfs Duofrt! Gjvnsfr! Ourfgu k Furkpfgm Pkaniy Gjvnsfrs!Furkpfgm Ikccnssnkm! Ofahnuc_kofrtCgjfanm! Jnrfitkr Hfmfrga! Jnrfitkrgtf#Hfmfrga krIkccumnigtnkms Mftwkrls! Ikmtfmt gmj Zfidmkakhy! FurkpfgmIkccnssnkm! OfahnucGjgc Xgtskm Orkwm! Dfgj! Yfitkr Cfjng Zgsl Ekrif! JHIKMMFIZ! Furkpfgm Ikccnssnkm! Ofahnuc

Mfw ^krl! VYG 9 Kitkofr ?07?

Onaa _usntzly! Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Ytrgtfhni gmj Ousnmfss Jfvfakpcfmt!Gjkof Yystfcs Nmi-! VYGGgrkm Gdkag! Jfputy Hfmfrga Ikumsfa gmj Idnf Prnvgiy Keifr!Glgcgn Zfidmkakhnfs! VYGPftfrXrtfmofrhfr! Idnf Cgrlftnmh Keifr! Gxfa Yprnmhfr GH!HfrcgmyCgrifa Y- _fnidgrt! Fxfiutnvf Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Jnhntga Jfvfakpcfmtgmj Pgrtmfrsdnps! Ofrtfascgmm GH! HfrcgmyZkcYiktt! Jnrfitkr! Hakoga Orgmj gmj Nmmkvgtnkm! Onaa % CfanmjgHgtfs Ekumjgtnkm! VYGIdrnsKsnlg! Yfmnkr Jnrfitkr! Yfrvnif Prkvnjfr Prgitnif! NmtfrmftOusnmfss Ykautnkms Hrkup! Insik! VYG_kofrtUnitkr! Yfmnkr Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Ytrgtfhni gmj EnmgmingaPagmmnmh! Ikcigst Ikrpkrgtnkm! VYGCnidgfa gmh! Cgmghnmh Jnrfitkr! Ikcigst Ikrpkrgtnkm! VYGCghnjGorgdgc! Ik#Ekumjfr! Prfsnjfmt gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr!ikcYikrf! VYGYgmkrj Iancgm! Prfsnjfmt! Fmtfrtgnmcfmt Cfjng Ufmturfs! VYGBgilCkjzfafwsln! Prfsnjfmt! Gcfrnigs! Eafnsdcgm#Dnaagrj! VYGOgoglPgrvnz! Ekumjfr gmj Dfgj! Prkbfit Hagss! Hkkhaf Nmi-! VYGNjgang Iruz! Jnrfitkr! Ytrgtfhy! Hrupk Yganmgs! Cfxnik

PdnanppfLrglkwsly! Fxfiutnvf Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Idnf Ytrgtfhy gmjZgafmt Keifr! Nmtfrpuoani Hrkup! VYG^vfsPnttkm! Yfmnkr Unif#Prfsnjfmt gmj Jnrfitkr! GjvgmifjGjvfrtnsnmh gmj Nmmkvgtnkm! Mghrg Lujfasln Hrkup! VYGBkmgtdgm E- Cnaafr! Idnf Jnhntga Keifr! gmj Idgnrpfrskm gmj IdnfFxfiutnvf Keifr! Jnhntga Cfjng Hrkup! Mfws Ikrpkrgtnkm! VYGYfrhf Juckmt! Hrkup Unif#Idgnrpfrskm gmj Idgnrpfrskm! Gsng#Pginei! Kcmnikc Hrkup Nmi-! Pfkpafs _fpuoani k IdnmgPfhhy Bkdmskm! Fxfiutnvf Unif#Prfsnjfmt gmj Prfsnjfmt! HakogaCgrlft Jfvfakpcfmt! Wugaikcc! VYGHgry Pkjkrkwsly! Yfmnkr Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Ykmy Ikrpkrgtnkm kGcfrnig! VYG kssnUgrjn! Idgnrpfrskm! Nmtfrmgtnkmga Zfidmkakhnfs Ufmturfs Nmi-!NsrgfaEfrmgmjk Cgjfnrg! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Zfrrg Mftwkrls Orgsna YG!OrgznaYusgm Zgyakr#Cgrtnm! Prfsnjfmt! _futfrs Cfjng! Zdkcskm _futfrs!Vmntfj LnmhjkcYtgmafy Pnfrrf#Akuns! Unif#Prfsnjfmt gmj Gsskingtf Hfmfrga Ikumsfa!Nmtfaafituga Prkpfrty gmj Ikmtfmt Prktfitnkm! Ungikc Nmi-! VYGAgmifXfnafr! Nmjfpfmjfmt Enaccglfr! VYGJgmnfaZgyakr! Jnrfitkr! Ytrgtfhy gmj Ikccfringa Jfvfakpcfmt! G%MNmtfrmgtnkmga Cfjng! Vmntfj LnmhjkcNrfmfOrggc! Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Hkvfrmcfmt _fagtnkms gmj Dfgj!Orussfas Angnskm Keif! Ofrtfascgmm GH! OfahnucYusgm Lnsd! Dfgj! Irkss#Pagtkrc Nmntngtnvfs! Oakkcofrh AP! VYGAnmjg Okagmj Gorgdgc! Ik#Ekumjfr! Idnf Cgrlft Keifr gmj

Fxfiutnvf Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Hakoga Jfvfakpcfmt! ikcYikrf Nmi-! VYGYtfvf _uofa! Fxfiutnvf Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Hakoga Ytrgtfhy gmj Nmsnhdts!Fjfacgm! VYGJgmnfa Lnrsidmfr! Ikumsfaakr tk tdf Hfmfrga Ikumsfa! EfjfrgaIkccumnigtnkms Ikccnssnkm $EII.! VYG_fmu Lualgrmn! Ekumjfr gmj Fxfiutnvf Jnrfitkr! EuturfCfjngHfkrhng Nmstntutf k Zfidmkakhy! VYGBkdm Ckmthkcfry! Idnf Kpfrgtnmh Keifr! HrkupC Nmtfrgitnkm! VYGGdcft C- Krfm! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Ndags Dkajnmh YG! ZurlfyBkfa Jgvnj Hgaaghdfr! Idgnrpfrskm gmj Prfsnjfmt! Furkpf! LftiducPafkm Atj! Vmntfj LnmhjkcIdrnstkpdf Mnikags! Yfmnkr Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Iyofr Yfrvnifs gmjZfidmkakhnfs! Lujfasln Hrkup! YwntzfragmjIymtdng D- Orgjjkm! Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Hkvfrmcfmt Ggnrs! CiHrgw#Dnaa Ikcpgmnfs! VYGKanvnfr Eafurkt! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! CYAH_KVP! ErgmifLgrfm F- Xgtskm! Cgmghnmh Jnrfitkr! Mnfasfm Hkvfrmcfmt gmjPuoani Yfitkr AAI! Zdf Mnfasfm Ikcpgmy! VYG



19/20

7>

Hgry _fhfmstrfn! Fjntkr! Ypfinga Prkbfits! _futfrs! Zdkcskm_futfrs! VYGXnackt Gaafm! Ekumjfr! 7 Xkraj Fmtfrprnsfs! VYGPfhhyIkmakm! Prfsnjfmt gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! GjvfrtnsnmhIkumina! VYGFangs G- Yfacgm! Puoansdfr gmj Fjntkr#nm#Idnf! GcrnigFikmkcg!IdnafRnousnsk Cldwgmgzn! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Gvgtgr Jnhntga! YkutdGrnig

Zgj Ycntd! Prfsnjfmt! Igoafvnsnkm Yystfcs Ikrpkrgtnkm! VYGLnrstnmf Ytfwgrt! Fxfiutnvf Unif#Prfsnjfmt! IOI Fmhansd Yfrvnifs!Igmgjngm Orkgjigstnmh Ikrpkrgtnkm! IgmgjgFrnl Idgrgs! Ekumjfr gmj Cgmghnmh Jnrfitkr! Idgrgs AJG!CkzgconqufGjrngmg Insmfrks! Unif#Idgnrpfrskm gmj Jnrfitkr k Ytrgtfhy!Insmfrks Hrkup k Ikcpgmnfs! VYGYdfrwkkj $Xkkjnf. Mfnss! Prnminpga! Irkwjumj Igpntga Gjvnskrs!VYGHunjk Ogucdgufr! Cgmghnmh Jnrfitkr! Ytrgtfhy Cgrlftnmh gmjJnstrnoutnkm! Jfutsidf Xfaaf! Hfrcgmy_kofrt Egornigmt! Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Irfgtnvf! gmj Dfgj! DfgatdigrfNmmkvgtnkm! rkh! VYGYgcnr Grkrg! Ekumjfr gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Hagc Cfjng Nmi-!

VYGYgdna Agvnmhng! Ekumjfr! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr gmj Jfsnhmfr!Hucrkgj! VYGJgvnj Bkmfs! Hakoga Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Dgvgs! VYGJgvnj Mkrjkrs! Jnrfitkr! NNNB # Zdf Nmtfrmgtnkmga Nmstntutf k NmmkvgtnkmBkurmgansc! VYGYagvg _uonm! Ekumjfr gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Nmjnfhkhk! VYGZga Idgakznm! Ik#Ekumjfr gmj Idnf Zfidmkakhy Keifr! Nmmkvnj! VYGCgrl Erkdgrjt! Fxfiutnvf Jnrfitkr! Nmtfrmfws Ifmtrf kr Nmmkvgtnkmgmj Afgrmnmh! Nmtfrmfws! VYGB- P- Ynmhd! Gsskingtf Prkfsskr! Iuaturf gmj ZfidmkakhyPrkhrgccf! Hfkrhftkwm Vmnvfrsnty! VYGHgry Lmfaa! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Mgtnkmga Puoani _gjnk! VYG

Igrkag Efrsta! Fjntkr! Prfsfmtfr gmj Enaccglfr! M#ZU! HfrcgmyPgua F- Ytfnhfr! Fjntkr#nm#Idnf! Prfsnjfmt gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf!PrkPuoanig! VYGLgtdgrnmg Okridfrt! Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Ypnfhfa Kmanmf! HfrcgmyPgtCntidfaa! Prfsnjfmt gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Pgafy Ifmtfr krCfjng! VYGCgrysf Zdkcgs! Ekumjfr gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Pklfwgrf!VYGIagujnkGspfsn! Yfmnkr _fsfgrid Gmgayst! Furkpfgm Cfjng! YgmkrjI- Ofrmstfnm Ancntfj! Vmntfj LnmhjkcJkuhHgafm! Idnf _fvfmuf Keifr! sdkplnil! VYGPftfr Dg! Cgmghnmh Fjntkr! ZfidIrumid! VYGOnaa Currgy! Prfsnjfmt gmj Idnf Kpfrgtnmh Keifr! Zdf Puoani_fagtnkms Ykinfty k Gcfrnig $P_YG.! VYG

GafssgmjrgHgaakmn! Ourfgu Idnf! Ykutdfrm Furkpf! Zdf Xgaa YtrfftBkurmga! Ergmif_gbuMgrnsfttn! Cgmghnmh Fjntkr! XYB Jnhntga Mftwkrl gmj JfputyCgmghnmh Fjntkr! Zdf Xgaa Ytrfft Bkurmga! VYGJgvnj X- Lfmmy! Idgnrpfrskm gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! ZdfXfgtdfr Idgmmfa Ikcpgmnfs! VYGBkmgtdgm Zgpanm! Jnrfitkr! VYI Gmmfmofrh Nmmkvgtnkm Ago! Vmnvfrsntyk Ykutdfrm Igankrmng $VYI.! VYGXgjf Jgvns! Fxfiutnvf Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Ytrgtfhy gmj IkrpkrgtfJfvfakpcfmt! Ungikc Nmi-! VYGBksdFpstfnm! Yfmnkr Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Ikrpkrgtf Ytrgtfhy gmjOusnmfss Jfvfakpcfmt! Ungikc Nmi-! VYGHfkrfy Ygmjs! Jnrfitkr! Hakoga Cfjng! Fmtfrtgnmcfmt gmj

Nmkrcgtnkm Prgitnif! CiLnmsfy % Ikcpgmy! VYG

Mgtnkmga Igpntga _fhnkm! Hurhgkm! Nmjng 5#4 Mkvfcofr ?07?

Jgmnfa Hrffm! Jfputy Jnrfitkr! Ytrgtfhni Pgrtmfrsdnps! Onaa % CfanmjgHgtfs Ekumjgtnkm! VYGZkc Yiktt! Jnrfitkr! Hakoga Orgmj gmj Nmmkvgtnkm! Onaa % CfanmjgHgtfs Ekumjgtnkm! VYGKanvfr Pktts! _fhnkmga Cgmghfr! Ykutd Gsng! Oakkcofrh! Nmjng_kofrt Dkajdfnc! Cgmghnmh Jnrfitkr! Nmjng! Fjfacgm! Nmjng_kjIgrtwrnhdt! Pgrtmfr gmj Jnrfitkr! Hakoga Ikrpkrgtf Prgitnif!Lftiduc Pafkm Atj! Vmntfj LnmhjkcGbgy Ydulag! Unif#Prfsnjfmt gmj Cgmghnmh Jnrfitkr! CiHrgw#DnaaFjuigtnkm! NmjngPnyusd Cgtdur! Prfsnjfmt! Nmjng _fhnkm! Mnfasfm Nmjng! NmjngOdgvmfft Ynmhd! Prfsnjfmt gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr! Pfgrskm!Vmntfj LnmhjkcPgrgh Lgr! Unif#Prfsnjfmt! Hkvfrmcfmt Ggnrs! Wugaikcc Nmjng gmjYkutd Gsng! Wugaikcc Nmjng! Nmjng_kdnmn _gu! Hakoga Ydgpfrs! Kaycpni Igcpgnhmfr! NmjngYnjjdgrtd Dgmjf! Hakoga Ydgpfrs! _fsfgrid Ikmsuatgmt! Nmjng_gdua Gbgtsdgtru! Cgmghnmh Gsskingtf! Gmgmj gmj Gmgmj! NmjngYgcygl Y- Idglrgogrty! Cgmghnmh Jnrfitkr! Fafitrkmni kutd CfjngHrkup! NmjngEgrkld Ogasgrg! Cgrlfts Afgjfr! Nmjng! Frmst % kumh Pvt- Atj! Nmjng

YgmtksdJfsgn! Cgmghnmh Jnrfitkr gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr!Euturforgmjs Nmjng Atj! NmjngMnldnaPgdwg! Ekumjfr! Fjntkr % Puoansdfr! Cfjngmgcg-ikc! NmjngYdgrgmyg Idgmjrgm! Hakoga Ydgpfrs! Ikmsuatgmt! Keif k Gjvnsfrstk tdf Prncf Cnmnstfr! Mgtnkmga Ikumina km Ylnaa Jfvfakpcfmt k Nmjng!Nmjng_gbffvCgmtrn! Hakoga Ydgpfrs! Fxfiutnvf Jnrfitkr! Mgvgc Igpntga!NmjngOrnbLktdgrn! Jnrfitkr! Pagmft_fgj! NmjngYdgrgj Aumng! Hakoga Ydgpfrs! Ekumjfr gmj Idnf Fxfiutnvf Keifr!rfafgsfCyGj Cfjng Pvt- Atj! NmjngPgvgm Juhhga! Gjvkigtf! Yuprfcf Ikurt k Nmjng! NmjngUrnmjgPnsdgrkjy! Hrkup Cgmghfr! Zfid Cgdnmjrg Atj! NmjngOgrmnl Idntrgm Cgntrg! Pgrtmfr! CiLnmsfy % Ikcpgmy! Nmjng



20/20

Xkraj Fikmkcni Ekruc>7>9 rkutf jf ag IgpntfID#7??9 Ikakhmy+HfmfvgYwntzfragmj

Zfa-2 ,:7 $0. ?? 45> 7?7?Egx2 ,:7 $0. ?? 845 ?8::

ikmtgit@wfkruc krh

Zdf Xkraj Fikmkcni Ekrucns gm nmjfpfmjfmt nmtfrmgtnkmgakrhgmnzgtnkm ikccnttfj tkncprkvnmh tdf stgtf k tdf wkrajoy fmhghnmh ousnmfss! pkantniga!gigjfcni gmj ktdfr afgjfrs kskinfty tk sdgpf hakoga! rfhnkmgagmj nmjustry ghfmjgs-

Nmikrpkrgtfj gs g mkt#kr#prketkumjgtnkm nm 7>87 gmjdfgjqugrtfrfj nm Hfmfvg!Ywntzfragmj! tdf Ekruc nstnfj tk mk pkantniga! pgrtnsgmkr mgtnkmga nmtfrfsts-

Documents

Norms and Values in Digital Media