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DECLASSIFIED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE INTERAGENCY SECURITY CLASSIFICATION APPEALS PANEL E013526 SECTION 53(b)(3)
ISCAP APPEAL NO 2009-068 document no 199 DECLASSIFICATION DATE May 142015
laquo I
bull
WJR 4367 27 Oct 67
13
N Issue No 43161 i7 OctQber l7
Tbe WmiddotIR in Brief ~ I
Portion identified as nonshyresponsive to the appeal
166 MISSION SUP~ORTS EFFOn TO
3
s
1
7
IMPROVE SOLAR-FLARpound P~El1CTI0N 8 One ol ew CobullJnoooe t o bt 8c7ilgted
lE((CampSATmiddotELLlTES C~SMOS middot1middot81 AND C0SMOS l -82 lllEmiddotmiddotOSB-lTpoundD I
lCter J dlys ~ a(bit tor eac b VERIJCmiddotAL LtINOHamps HIS middotYEAR UNPoNECEDENtEn
Portion identified as nonshyresponsive to t he appeal
17
lS
ZG
2t
C N trl () 0
~
~ ()
0 c ~
X 0 trl
lN NUMtFR 19 Octutuneh wu 22d afyetr from I(Y
C0SMOS l Sl MARKS NEW Srpoundp IN DEVElOPMpound1-lT QF OftBlrAL BOMB SYSTEM
n n koLNIYA coMMilNrcATtom-nelI)Y SAlEltTE IAtrNCHED
l cwpr~ relay craft now o rbitingbull VERYmiddot tltOH VERTCAL LAU NCH POSSIBLY SOME SOtT OF HARDWAnE( TEST
M~y have yentWtled r~middotent-ry collditiOn or posaibilliy oC anlieamptltllllte ~o_le middot for SL-8 launcher
N1JCLEAR REACTOS POR SPACECRAFT PROBADLY MOllVAlES NI08IUt1bull4LLOY STlllJlES
the~e alloy~middot blgh1y nsi~tllgtt to Jh~11itl lithium to bo bullaed ic middotbpiue ~aerors middot
SECRET
CPYER Y~1bull 3 at fgtattJmiddotmiddot Alr Shciw may tamplcmbla Vbulllwlt il whfcll 1-tlbulld on pllgtnot (QJll ClAL Q$pound middotQtIbullY
NOlE Pasobull u 2-t zmiddotamp ZI 30 middotu 34 lS 38 ltl
I 0
11
12
l~ ~~ 4gt 4 1gt aatl 41 of~b ~i11ue ue bttn~
pla~e
tationByen ~ONCUSSW~D
~ymiddot
yatiampas
SpoundCRET
sLs1niflcant
i htelli middotg~middot nee
on ~pace
d$-velopments
and trends
Co_smos 166 Mission Supports tffort to -lmprqvemiddotmiddot Htt9JtfJQmiddotnflf SolarfiBtts
Cosmo11 1~6 Wliicb -~ Soviets lahVIc~ed f~o~ T~atam at ~Qout Q+l-SZ lP -J~ne is acep~iug t o era~a of 2 middot Octoomiddote-~ partmiddot ~i a l~rltOad p~og-ram of- stud-ymiddot ofthe Jbyensbal pr~cmiddote-~se s middot whi~b middot ~~ in the solar coroOa ana adjacent lliyersmiddot of the s olar a~sph~re n The Soviet JaPer aaid -~it the c~~ft ca-rrtes middotmiddot
bull middot An X-~ay p4otometer JIS~~g photon Geige-r collnters for sensorsmiddot
bull An ult~~violt~t difix-aciioh spect~ometeiti bull middot Jn X-r-ay Ji~ocgrapb 2 identical X-riliJYl Qe~~cr eounter~
~ounte~~ Q~~id~ the satellite gileU) middotmiddot middot ~
The s tt~Jl~te ~s pr~ent~d on the middots1m- a fl~heel systeril a~d gas jet thr~$~e-rs being u sed fQ~ ~onttolling t~e ~tts attitud~ The fi~tliampQJ-8 sclti~ ~e solAr diisk thr~e thnes per orbit middotat an angulatftveloeityen of o 04 d~grees pemiddot~ secpnQ middotsqj~ ~~~dmiddota Data is st~r~d when tae i$middota~eUite is be_yohd line-~f-sightt opoundti~ ~collabo~rating g~o~nd Bmiddot
A nalysi~ ofdata ~~ed dutiggmiddot-~ pound1-Ist 3 $G)ntljs cff o~-ration ac~ortfing tp Pravda inc~~teS that
middot - bull Je blildbullpp time fo~ most solar flaremiddots is betw~ett Oi 5 alld
~middot o minute ih bull lh~~ js eViiaenc~ ~t middotJwramp1fningli tiaref p~reced~ ~ middotbull~i
phacse ~fa sola-r fbre~ bull Scgtm~ nares aze relativelymiddotJfbGt 11 ~6me acr~ rel~t~CVcent1yen esgtld bull ~here is a fWeeial class Qf laquoi~ay flaus not acco~paniedbymiddot
-()pti~al 1 (Vt~ible) flares itdicentatin~ that p~t of the Xbullr4f flare is lo~~eQ ~middot the OO-JOna (This lerified ob~e~made pe-enousmiddotlY by-the EJeCt~i)~ ~ tesa~~A~~Jaeze~ whicli wa~ launcq~d in J-anlla~y ~9~ ~cco_rQing to PiaYcyen UNregLAsSIIIDfED) middot middot ~
Imiddot PBshy
WIR middot4367 2 OCt 1967 SECRET middotr~rnfit
i~itial orbital paramete283 lari) would be
rar
f bull f
FTavda said that the (OlOnal O~igin Qf ray flares implies that these fl~res are c losely related to th~ coronal dis-turbances which cause the co~puacular fjales that ~re da)agtgerous to mannea spac_epound4ght This X-radiation the paper $aid might help i~ warnipg cosmopauts amiddotbout middottbe approach of corpuScula-r streame whic-h t~avel mole slowly than X-rltlys Travel time from the Su111 is 8-3 minutes poundor X-rays an hour
0 ()r m9re for cor middot cular Streams UNCLASSIFIED ~
lS middotof tbis- -satellite (apogee 578 km perigee middotsuitable for the missiltgtn described (tiECREr)
The PraVda arti-cle is somewhat utnrsual in that the Soviets ely give out details on the Payload characteristics specifi~ ~isampions
or missiotl resWts o tbeir Cosmos satellitesthpugh-they claim eaeh timemiddot otte is launcMd that th~middotse vehicles ~le particentJp~tin in the ov-ershyall Co$mos p~ogrrpn of smiddottudy opound the nean-Ea~rlh space ernvironment and -Clgtf the Ear-tll s ci~~ eovemiddotr Ehemiddot evideltc~ Sflgampests that except for a middotfeW genuine reseatch vehiclei~laUnched mostly fr-om Kapustin Yar Qr
PleE~etsk the Co-s-mos designation is a cover-up for satellites wltolJe missions are dassified such ~8 i-eCOtlllaiSsanc~) C~~ain type$ ot fai~ur esmiddot (deep apacente probes wbich are placed in~parking orbit but fail to achi~ve deep-space traijectory_) Or vehiCles whese middotmis ~-iC)nS Or expected accoInplishlnents would have little propaganda value As a rule resear~h satellites with a de-finite propaganda potemiddotnd~lare given n~-Cosbull mos designatiotls ~uch as Eiectmiddotrtm or Proton bull (SECRET) (-Pra~i NORADY fSEGRET)
Reece SateUites Cosmos 181 middot and cosmos 182 11e-orbited
$oviet militaJry rcentcentonnaismiddot sa1~e $-B~~llites Cosmos 181 and Coemmiddotos 182 whieh were ~lilunched ~~upective1y from Plesetsk M about ll30Zmiddot 11 Octobe-r and from Tytratam at about 07$9Z 16 October we-re de-orJ$~ted after neady adays of s_pacmiddoteflight -- CJosmos 181 Qn
19 Octolgter Cos-rnos 18a on 24 Octobe-r Eight days is the normal flight time of Soviet reconnaiss~nce satellites middot
CoernOs 11~2 was the zlat Soviehmiddotecemiddote satellite of 1~63 A tot~l of 23 was Iaunched Iast year (NOaAP) (SEGREf)
~ ]
middot ~ tn
Vertical Launches Thls Year Unprecedented in Number
4 nearYerti~aJ launal middot~he ~lStia Ya- ~2 weaile test range on 19 Qeteber was e ZZd sucli 1aunch fa-om that range thU year This is an unprecedwel nilmber of vertioallaunchebullbull Not ~llided in tlWt t~i is the I amptober votical ~~ ampom TfUatam (p llbull _last weekbull-s Wllt)
The purpose of tbampae lQUllebes rs not bown BreriolJS operations of this ttpe were associated with eueb ~iamiddot sions as asqophnies geoshyphysicaloebulls-earoh biomampdical e~eimente ami iIUC-lrear-r dlaquoonations Testi~g of spaeecraftmusile c~penttJ in the space en~onment is another possibility middot (NORAD~
fSECREr)
Cosmos 183 Mattes New Step ln middot o~veJopment of orbital Bomb system
Cb~mos 1~3 Whkilt Wi~~apJUhe4 $-~~ th~ Tyura~ JVlifJsUe Tel(ltIapge ~ ab~U 1330Z middotra~tob~r middot ~aa the Sovi~tsbull 6~ cansecutive autcessnu tesmiddott opound their OB-1 ftacti0llampl-orbit boxnbarlthnent sY4tem (FOS$) lt ~ampmiddot de~rbited on ~~volu~in 1bull impa~~iqg in middot~tt USSR at -abo~ l5Q4Z
the unpow~rted~ mgbt phas~ of this veh-i-e=le-e~u-g-g-es-t~s-t~ha-~t~tho----eO~B=-~9=--s-y uew step in itamiddot middot stern hasmiddot taken a middot
rapid matcmiddoth toward lOC (lmfmi (jpet-atio~ capap~ty) 1llbe o~-1 syatcent conJIMe of the ~r~ ~o-stage ss-9 IG~~~
and a tmiddothi-rd atage w~b dehoosts the ~e-entry yehtcl~ ~o ~ ti down on its t~rget Th~ use of t~e SS-9 whiltll t~~ch~ll lQC inlat~ 1965 a~ is np~ being ae~loyed i~ ~ot)eistezit W~ Sovet 9~s1ga p~soply w~ pteieu to adapt proven ~ponents tO a ~ew muairegwhenft_1 poundearibtebull rather thltJnbulldeveloping co0mplefely n~w systems hom the~ g roui14 ~p-
~ORAD e~t~f~s thafr the OB-lt1 Wil~ I
bull R~ach limite4 IOC algteut 10 weaponsl Qy the end 01gt1967 full IOC (5060 weapon-s) in 19b$ middot middot
bull Be able to cp-bit atid de-pt-l)it~ ~ ttA-etJtry vehicle wbichw~ghs 1200 poq~~middot -nci ~~ warbQd of 30reg ~middotmiddot (asmiddot~~ th~J t)l~ e~middot9 nd istage wamiddots pUFottelyliaUas~ted fo~ tb~ cur~zlt pound1~ht test se~~~
bull Hav~ a CEP opound Lmiddot1 nmbull (NORAP) laEGltET)
middotshOre~ _~~~----------~----~~ 7th Molniya CommtJnicationsshyRelay Sat~Uite launched
The Seviets lauaohed their 7th Molniya seldes communications relay satellite from Tyur-~tam 4t a-Qeut 084i)Z 22 October It appears t6be -working pro~-rly_ as middot~tUlGlneed _ by the Soviets who gave its 9rbitaJ parameters middotaS follEgtWlil- middot
InclinatiGn 65 degrees Period 11 hoUrS 54 minut~S
ApOgee 9 74-0 lcril (Zl-450 n m Period -456 k1n (245 n m)
The USSR now hfls poundp-~r aotive M9lniya relaytype communicationa $aJtellites in ot-bit these weie laurxchei ~tWlen 2middot0middot Oetobel 196-6 gt-and 2-i Octobe-r 1961~ A fifth one was launcbed on 31 August 1967 (p 6 1
WIR 3amp67) but was middotnamed Cosmos 174 when jt failed to ~rans-mit any _ dgnala it is considered tG be inactive as iar as ~co~unicatipns~re-l~y fs coneern~d
Previot+sly~ th~ Sov~~-s had la~ched 1-olniyas at tbe rat~ ot tw-o per year Thei~unch of four su~eessful one$ in 12 ptonths unshydp~ted~y middotis r-ela~~~ - to the Soliet amp~~~+~ to prov4ie w0-rlt4l~Wide TY co~rag e on 7 No~~$Jbel of the -G6lebi~~ns ~poundthe SDtb cinpiVeli$aly of the Bolslievik R-ev-o-lution~ middot middot
The launches opound the Molniyasmiddotmiddot with their 1-zhou-x 6-S~degree orbits were so timed that t)r~se craft amiddotpend mo~t of their tirtle overthe Northe-rmiddotp aemepher~J Yery -little of it ovec~ the SPutb~J n HenWphere with its ~parsely inh-~bited oeeans y et thesesatellites aftoJd c-ove-rage of Aushmiddotalasia Soith Ahica and South Ameriea
F oyen-r ~ppropriately spaced Mltgt~niy~e c~d provide contmiddotinqlttus coverag-e to -all eidlizamiddot countdes tulmiddot continu-ous doub_le covbull~~_get~ all ccuntri~middots nozoth ~pound 20deg N bull th-erelly entruring- selVice in the event of an o-qtag_e Also pound-our vehicles could give contin)lous triple cov~rage
of the latitudes of Lot1don New Yo~~ ~ndmiddot Tokyo_ e~suring relay o ~gtran$nii~ sions Jtoun~ middotthe Wrld e~en wlth onemiddot opound the foul eat~llites ou~ (NO~AJD) (SECRET
118 WIR 4367 01 Qct 967
VcarycHigh Vertical Launch P~_$lblymiddot Some Sott of Hardware Test
TASS clabn~d thai the v~eai laUnch of 1~ Q(feber fl 11 1
l(18t wemiddotek s WlR) to an alti~e of 4400 kil~tGeiters - 375 middotnJn) WftS
intencleltii to GQtain da1a on the ehamptgtactemiddot~il~l oj th-e ioAobullsphere the intensity oi co~nmiddotqk raysbull allci r~dmiddot tlnElfcent11~gt9 lol y~~ipue r-fgiens tgti the Eatthls radiation b elts
It is possible hewever that tle vehic)e was l~unched fe~ p1-rpoself other tha~ thos-e announced by th~ Soviets
bull It may liaVe be-en ~ntee-nded te stullmiddoty ae-lociynamic phe~omena or omiddotqnditiOns encounteed crwtding Jte -entry ~n~o the EarthIs atrr~gm~etre middot
bull It rnay--bave b~en an iIU~amplte8tmiddot 0 the SLmiddot8 in the role af a direct-asqent satellite int~Itce-pt system
S~-8 the ~uncn ve middot som-e advamtagemiddots oto use as a~
~ent wpulQ ~~e bull wintellc~tltgt~middot
bull It uses stottable prope-llants whiltli woUld enable tilte velUcle to be middotwa~ltntained in an adv~flcent~ middotsmiddot ~ate tif rea(iimiddotne~bull iQr 1-onJ Pe~i~s~ 6pound time~ ~ rlt~
middotbull The upper~ tt~g-e h ~$tarlalgti~1 a o~pablUty needed fen ~~ _ terxnWalhoming pha1u~ of imt~oept
bull middot It~ first s w would b~ eapimiddot~y producib middot as -~_tamated it)~ pte $i~ middotvss-~- tR~M~i amp ~ie~ middot middot middot ~middot be1n oltPmiddotex~tion~l sincente 1961 and has proved reUable shyinmiddotits many tro0potlaininampl~pings middotsblCe tllexn
Tpe WemiddotmiddotQf the SS-5 fo) yenB middotpqpo)Je W9UU~so ~-middotimiddoton~iste~~ with that 1 fac~t of SoYiiet desigmiddotn pinlaSophy which pf eters to middotadapt a pJlove-n available wea~ltn ays~ tp atoomptiehampileW missi~_ n~ to desigm~u enfilelymiddot new syatecm This d ~ b-Uo~ophy u~-u~lly r emiddotsUtil it- an ~~~~rmiddot Ifgt( (ini(ialvffgt~l~~~l lti y)bull
More intotmation~Will benee~ -~Y~X~ b middotefO-re arty detetminshyation caq be maOe opound the hue o~jeetivi P middot e 1Z Qet~)el la1lQCshyll (NORAD) (SEieREtmiddot)
secret
Nuclear Reactot tor Spacecraft ProHBtly Motivates Niobium-Aftoy Studies
Rec-ently deseurorib~d Soviet research with nioblum-baae alloys are probably oriented tow-ard th-e development of a nuqlear rea~tor for use in space Three re-cently dev~lo_eed alloys acc~rding to the Soviet t eehnical journaJ Atomnaya Energiya_ had the satQe high eorrosiol resistance to liquid lithiliril metal at 1 000 degrees G as doemiddots pur-e niobium
L~thi1lm ls llOmiddotst often associated with the development of advanced space reactors since its low demiddotnsity a-nd excellent tbermal and physical characteristics make it a deSka~ble liqUid-~etal ~ooJantmiddot SWce natural lithiurn cpntains Li-6 a str-vng nelitrbn absorber only Li-middot1 can be used in middota r middoteactor but Li-7 is too ~xpefisiv e to use in a r~actqr eocce-pt in one intend-ed poundor space use or other compacl one
Nioqiumbamiddotse alloys are qttr~tive candidat--es for fu~t-el~ent claading and stlUct_Urjil coYnpotle1its of metal-eo6le~ nuClear 1leactors becrtuse of their c~mpatibiiity with11tliiutn and other liquid ntetars as well a~middot their low tllermal neutnm absqrpti~p ltto-ampa r~ect-~on and very good atreilgth at thcentmiddot hi~h temperaf11res of an operactin~ ~~aeto~ middot _ middot middot
The ~~cipi~at~on-hamprdenecent1 ni()Qi~ ~L)o~ Clescrib~Q in Atomnaya Snemiddotrgiya are beiieved comparable to t-bose developed to aate in tile US CIA) (SEGREF)
eeerot
13
N Issue No 43161 i7 OctQber l7
Tbe WmiddotIR in Brief ~ I
Portion identified as nonshyresponsive to the appeal
166 MISSION SUP~ORTS EFFOn TO
3
s
1
7
IMPROVE SOLAR-FLARpound P~El1CTI0N 8 One ol ew CobullJnoooe t o bt 8c7ilgted
lE((CampSATmiddotELLlTES C~SMOS middot1middot81 AND C0SMOS l -82 lllEmiddotmiddotOSB-lTpoundD I
lCter J dlys ~ a(bit tor eac b VERIJCmiddotAL LtINOHamps HIS middotYEAR UNPoNECEDENtEn
Portion identified as nonshyresponsive to t he appeal
17
lS
ZG
2t
C N trl () 0
~
~ ()
0 c ~
X 0 trl
lN NUMtFR 19 Octutuneh wu 22d afyetr from I(Y
C0SMOS l Sl MARKS NEW Srpoundp IN DEVElOPMpound1-lT QF OftBlrAL BOMB SYSTEM
n n koLNIYA coMMilNrcATtom-nelI)Y SAlEltTE IAtrNCHED
l cwpr~ relay craft now o rbitingbull VERYmiddot tltOH VERTCAL LAU NCH POSSIBLY SOME SOtT OF HARDWAnE( TEST
M~y have yentWtled r~middotent-ry collditiOn or posaibilliy oC anlieamptltllllte ~o_le middot for SL-8 launcher
N1JCLEAR REACTOS POR SPACECRAFT PROBADLY MOllVAlES NI08IUt1bull4LLOY STlllJlES
the~e alloy~middot blgh1y nsi~tllgtt to Jh~11itl lithium to bo bullaed ic middotbpiue ~aerors middot
SECRET
CPYER Y~1bull 3 at fgtattJmiddotmiddot Alr Shciw may tamplcmbla Vbulllwlt il whfcll 1-tlbulld on pllgtnot (QJll ClAL Q$pound middotQtIbullY
NOlE Pasobull u 2-t zmiddotamp ZI 30 middotu 34 lS 38 ltl
I 0
11
12
l~ ~~ 4gt 4 1gt aatl 41 of~b ~i11ue ue bttn~
pla~e
tationByen ~ONCUSSW~D
~ymiddot
yatiampas
SpoundCRET
sLs1niflcant
i htelli middotg~middot nee
on ~pace
d$-velopments
and trends
Co_smos 166 Mission Supports tffort to -lmprqvemiddotmiddot Htt9JtfJQmiddotnflf SolarfiBtts
Cosmo11 1~6 Wliicb -~ Soviets lahVIc~ed f~o~ T~atam at ~Qout Q+l-SZ lP -J~ne is acep~iug t o era~a of 2 middot Octoomiddote-~ partmiddot ~i a l~rltOad p~og-ram of- stud-ymiddot ofthe Jbyensbal pr~cmiddote-~se s middot whi~b middot ~~ in the solar coroOa ana adjacent lliyersmiddot of the s olar a~sph~re n The Soviet JaPer aaid -~it the c~~ft ca-rrtes middotmiddot
bull middot An X-~ay p4otometer JIS~~g photon Geige-r collnters for sensorsmiddot
bull An ult~~violt~t difix-aciioh spect~ometeiti bull middot Jn X-r-ay Ji~ocgrapb 2 identical X-riliJYl Qe~~cr eounter~
~ounte~~ Q~~id~ the satellite gileU) middotmiddot middot ~
The s tt~Jl~te ~s pr~ent~d on the middots1m- a fl~heel systeril a~d gas jet thr~$~e-rs being u sed fQ~ ~onttolling t~e ~tts attitud~ The fi~tliampQJ-8 sclti~ ~e solAr diisk thr~e thnes per orbit middotat an angulatftveloeityen of o 04 d~grees pemiddot~ secpnQ middotsqj~ ~~~dmiddota Data is st~r~d when tae i$middota~eUite is be_yohd line-~f-sightt opoundti~ ~collabo~rating g~o~nd Bmiddot
A nalysi~ ofdata ~~ed dutiggmiddot-~ pound1-Ist 3 $G)ntljs cff o~-ration ac~ortfing tp Pravda inc~~teS that
middot - bull Je blildbullpp time fo~ most solar flaremiddots is betw~ett Oi 5 alld
~middot o minute ih bull lh~~ js eViiaenc~ ~t middotJwramp1fningli tiaref p~reced~ ~ middotbull~i
phacse ~fa sola-r fbre~ bull Scgtm~ nares aze relativelymiddotJfbGt 11 ~6me acr~ rel~t~CVcent1yen esgtld bull ~here is a fWeeial class Qf laquoi~ay flaus not acco~paniedbymiddot
-()pti~al 1 (Vt~ible) flares itdicentatin~ that p~t of the Xbullr4f flare is lo~~eQ ~middot the OO-JOna (This lerified ob~e~made pe-enousmiddotlY by-the EJeCt~i)~ ~ tesa~~A~~Jaeze~ whicli wa~ launcq~d in J-anlla~y ~9~ ~cco_rQing to PiaYcyen UNregLAsSIIIDfED) middot middot ~
Imiddot PBshy
WIR middot4367 2 OCt 1967 SECRET middotr~rnfit
i~itial orbital paramete283 lari) would be
rar
f bull f
FTavda said that the (OlOnal O~igin Qf ray flares implies that these fl~res are c losely related to th~ coronal dis-turbances which cause the co~puacular fjales that ~re da)agtgerous to mannea spac_epound4ght This X-radiation the paper $aid might help i~ warnipg cosmopauts amiddotbout middottbe approach of corpuScula-r streame whic-h t~avel mole slowly than X-rltlys Travel time from the Su111 is 8-3 minutes poundor X-rays an hour
0 ()r m9re for cor middot cular Streams UNCLASSIFIED ~
lS middotof tbis- -satellite (apogee 578 km perigee middotsuitable for the missiltgtn described (tiECREr)
The PraVda arti-cle is somewhat utnrsual in that the Soviets ely give out details on the Payload characteristics specifi~ ~isampions
or missiotl resWts o tbeir Cosmos satellitesthpugh-they claim eaeh timemiddot otte is launcMd that th~middotse vehicles ~le particentJp~tin in the ov-ershyall Co$mos p~ogrrpn of smiddottudy opound the nean-Ea~rlh space ernvironment and -Clgtf the Ear-tll s ci~~ eovemiddotr Ehemiddot evideltc~ Sflgampests that except for a middotfeW genuine reseatch vehiclei~laUnched mostly fr-om Kapustin Yar Qr
PleE~etsk the Co-s-mos designation is a cover-up for satellites wltolJe missions are dassified such ~8 i-eCOtlllaiSsanc~) C~~ain type$ ot fai~ur esmiddot (deep apacente probes wbich are placed in~parking orbit but fail to achi~ve deep-space traijectory_) Or vehiCles whese middotmis ~-iC)nS Or expected accoInplishlnents would have little propaganda value As a rule resear~h satellites with a de-finite propaganda potemiddotnd~lare given n~-Cosbull mos designatiotls ~uch as Eiectmiddotrtm or Proton bull (SECRET) (-Pra~i NORADY fSEGRET)
Reece SateUites Cosmos 181 middot and cosmos 182 11e-orbited
$oviet militaJry rcentcentonnaismiddot sa1~e $-B~~llites Cosmos 181 and Coemmiddotos 182 whieh were ~lilunched ~~upective1y from Plesetsk M about ll30Zmiddot 11 Octobe-r and from Tytratam at about 07$9Z 16 October we-re de-orJ$~ted after neady adays of s_pacmiddoteflight -- CJosmos 181 Qn
19 Octolgter Cos-rnos 18a on 24 Octobe-r Eight days is the normal flight time of Soviet reconnaiss~nce satellites middot
CoernOs 11~2 was the zlat Soviehmiddotecemiddote satellite of 1~63 A tot~l of 23 was Iaunched Iast year (NOaAP) (SEGREf)
~ ]
middot ~ tn
Vertical Launches Thls Year Unprecedented in Number
4 nearYerti~aJ launal middot~he ~lStia Ya- ~2 weaile test range on 19 Qeteber was e ZZd sucli 1aunch fa-om that range thU year This is an unprecedwel nilmber of vertioallaunchebullbull Not ~llided in tlWt t~i is the I amptober votical ~~ ampom TfUatam (p llbull _last weekbull-s Wllt)
The purpose of tbampae lQUllebes rs not bown BreriolJS operations of this ttpe were associated with eueb ~iamiddot sions as asqophnies geoshyphysicaloebulls-earoh biomampdical e~eimente ami iIUC-lrear-r dlaquoonations Testi~g of spaeecraftmusile c~penttJ in the space en~onment is another possibility middot (NORAD~
fSECREr)
Cosmos 183 Mattes New Step ln middot o~veJopment of orbital Bomb system
Cb~mos 1~3 Whkilt Wi~~apJUhe4 $-~~ th~ Tyura~ JVlifJsUe Tel(ltIapge ~ ab~U 1330Z middotra~tob~r middot ~aa the Sovi~tsbull 6~ cansecutive autcessnu tesmiddott opound their OB-1 ftacti0llampl-orbit boxnbarlthnent sY4tem (FOS$) lt ~ampmiddot de~rbited on ~~volu~in 1bull impa~~iqg in middot~tt USSR at -abo~ l5Q4Z
the unpow~rted~ mgbt phas~ of this veh-i-e=le-e~u-g-g-es-t~s-t~ha-~t~tho----eO~B=-~9=--s-y uew step in itamiddot middot stern hasmiddot taken a middot
rapid matcmiddoth toward lOC (lmfmi (jpet-atio~ capap~ty) 1llbe o~-1 syatcent conJIMe of the ~r~ ~o-stage ss-9 IG~~~
and a tmiddothi-rd atage w~b dehoosts the ~e-entry yehtcl~ ~o ~ ti down on its t~rget Th~ use of t~e SS-9 whiltll t~~ch~ll lQC inlat~ 1965 a~ is np~ being ae~loyed i~ ~ot)eistezit W~ Sovet 9~s1ga p~soply w~ pteieu to adapt proven ~ponents tO a ~ew muairegwhenft_1 poundearibtebull rather thltJnbulldeveloping co0mplefely n~w systems hom the~ g roui14 ~p-
~ORAD e~t~f~s thafr the OB-lt1 Wil~ I
bull R~ach limite4 IOC algteut 10 weaponsl Qy the end 01gt1967 full IOC (5060 weapon-s) in 19b$ middot middot
bull Be able to cp-bit atid de-pt-l)it~ ~ ttA-etJtry vehicle wbichw~ghs 1200 poq~~middot -nci ~~ warbQd of 30reg ~middotmiddot (asmiddot~~ th~J t)l~ e~middot9 nd istage wamiddots pUFottelyliaUas~ted fo~ tb~ cur~zlt pound1~ht test se~~~
bull Hav~ a CEP opound Lmiddot1 nmbull (NORAP) laEGltET)
middotshOre~ _~~~----------~----~~ 7th Molniya CommtJnicationsshyRelay Sat~Uite launched
The Seviets lauaohed their 7th Molniya seldes communications relay satellite from Tyur-~tam 4t a-Qeut 084i)Z 22 October It appears t6be -working pro~-rly_ as middot~tUlGlneed _ by the Soviets who gave its 9rbitaJ parameters middotaS follEgtWlil- middot
InclinatiGn 65 degrees Period 11 hoUrS 54 minut~S
ApOgee 9 74-0 lcril (Zl-450 n m Period -456 k1n (245 n m)
The USSR now hfls poundp-~r aotive M9lniya relaytype communicationa $aJtellites in ot-bit these weie laurxchei ~tWlen 2middot0middot Oetobel 196-6 gt-and 2-i Octobe-r 1961~ A fifth one was launcbed on 31 August 1967 (p 6 1
WIR 3amp67) but was middotnamed Cosmos 174 when jt failed to ~rans-mit any _ dgnala it is considered tG be inactive as iar as ~co~unicatipns~re-l~y fs coneern~d
Previot+sly~ th~ Sov~~-s had la~ched 1-olniyas at tbe rat~ ot tw-o per year Thei~unch of four su~eessful one$ in 12 ptonths unshydp~ted~y middotis r-ela~~~ - to the Soliet amp~~~+~ to prov4ie w0-rlt4l~Wide TY co~rag e on 7 No~~$Jbel of the -G6lebi~~ns ~poundthe SDtb cinpiVeli$aly of the Bolslievik R-ev-o-lution~ middot middot
The launches opound the Molniyasmiddotmiddot with their 1-zhou-x 6-S~degree orbits were so timed that t)r~se craft amiddotpend mo~t of their tirtle overthe Northe-rmiddotp aemepher~J Yery -little of it ovec~ the SPutb~J n HenWphere with its ~parsely inh-~bited oeeans y et thesesatellites aftoJd c-ove-rage of Aushmiddotalasia Soith Ahica and South Ameriea
F oyen-r ~ppropriately spaced Mltgt~niy~e c~d provide contmiddotinqlttus coverag-e to -all eidlizamiddot countdes tulmiddot continu-ous doub_le covbull~~_get~ all ccuntri~middots nozoth ~pound 20deg N bull th-erelly entruring- selVice in the event of an o-qtag_e Also pound-our vehicles could give contin)lous triple cov~rage
of the latitudes of Lot1don New Yo~~ ~ndmiddot Tokyo_ e~suring relay o ~gtran$nii~ sions Jtoun~ middotthe Wrld e~en wlth onemiddot opound the foul eat~llites ou~ (NO~AJD) (SECRET
118 WIR 4367 01 Qct 967
VcarycHigh Vertical Launch P~_$lblymiddot Some Sott of Hardware Test
TASS clabn~d thai the v~eai laUnch of 1~ Q(feber fl 11 1
l(18t wemiddotek s WlR) to an alti~e of 4400 kil~tGeiters - 375 middotnJn) WftS
intencleltii to GQtain da1a on the ehamptgtactemiddot~il~l oj th-e ioAobullsphere the intensity oi co~nmiddotqk raysbull allci r~dmiddot tlnElfcent11~gt9 lol y~~ipue r-fgiens tgti the Eatthls radiation b elts
It is possible hewever that tle vehic)e was l~unched fe~ p1-rpoself other tha~ thos-e announced by th~ Soviets
bull It may liaVe be-en ~ntee-nded te stullmiddoty ae-lociynamic phe~omena or omiddotqnditiOns encounteed crwtding Jte -entry ~n~o the EarthIs atrr~gm~etre middot
bull It rnay--bave b~en an iIU~amplte8tmiddot 0 the SLmiddot8 in the role af a direct-asqent satellite int~Itce-pt system
S~-8 the ~uncn ve middot som-e advamtagemiddots oto use as a~
~ent wpulQ ~~e bull wintellc~tltgt~middot
bull It uses stottable prope-llants whiltli woUld enable tilte velUcle to be middotwa~ltntained in an adv~flcent~ middotsmiddot ~ate tif rea(iimiddotne~bull iQr 1-onJ Pe~i~s~ 6pound time~ ~ rlt~
middotbull The upper~ tt~g-e h ~$tarlalgti~1 a o~pablUty needed fen ~~ _ terxnWalhoming pha1u~ of imt~oept
bull middot It~ first s w would b~ eapimiddot~y producib middot as -~_tamated it)~ pte $i~ middotvss-~- tR~M~i amp ~ie~ middot middot middot ~middot be1n oltPmiddotex~tion~l sincente 1961 and has proved reUable shyinmiddotits many tro0potlaininampl~pings middotsblCe tllexn
Tpe WemiddotmiddotQf the SS-5 fo) yenB middotpqpo)Je W9UU~so ~-middotimiddoton~iste~~ with that 1 fac~t of SoYiiet desigmiddotn pinlaSophy which pf eters to middotadapt a pJlove-n available wea~ltn ays~ tp atoomptiehampileW missi~_ n~ to desigm~u enfilelymiddot new syatecm This d ~ b-Uo~ophy u~-u~lly r emiddotsUtil it- an ~~~~rmiddot Ifgt( (ini(ialvffgt~l~~~l lti y)bull
More intotmation~Will benee~ -~Y~X~ b middotefO-re arty detetminshyation caq be maOe opound the hue o~jeetivi P middot e 1Z Qet~)el la1lQCshyll (NORAD) (SEieREtmiddot)
secret
Nuclear Reactot tor Spacecraft ProHBtly Motivates Niobium-Aftoy Studies
Rec-ently deseurorib~d Soviet research with nioblum-baae alloys are probably oriented tow-ard th-e development of a nuqlear rea~tor for use in space Three re-cently dev~lo_eed alloys acc~rding to the Soviet t eehnical journaJ Atomnaya Energiya_ had the satQe high eorrosiol resistance to liquid lithiliril metal at 1 000 degrees G as doemiddots pur-e niobium
L~thi1lm ls llOmiddotst often associated with the development of advanced space reactors since its low demiddotnsity a-nd excellent tbermal and physical characteristics make it a deSka~ble liqUid-~etal ~ooJantmiddot SWce natural lithiurn cpntains Li-6 a str-vng nelitrbn absorber only Li-middot1 can be used in middota r middoteactor but Li-7 is too ~xpefisiv e to use in a r~actqr eocce-pt in one intend-ed poundor space use or other compacl one
Nioqiumbamiddotse alloys are qttr~tive candidat--es for fu~t-el~ent claading and stlUct_Urjil coYnpotle1its of metal-eo6le~ nuClear 1leactors becrtuse of their c~mpatibiiity with11tliiutn and other liquid ntetars as well a~middot their low tllermal neutnm absqrpti~p ltto-ampa r~ect-~on and very good atreilgth at thcentmiddot hi~h temperaf11res of an operactin~ ~~aeto~ middot _ middot middot
The ~~cipi~at~on-hamprdenecent1 ni()Qi~ ~L)o~ Clescrib~Q in Atomnaya Snemiddotrgiya are beiieved comparable to t-bose developed to aate in tile US CIA) (SEGREF)
eeerot
pla~e
tationByen ~ONCUSSW~D
~ymiddot
yatiampas
SpoundCRET
sLs1niflcant
i htelli middotg~middot nee
on ~pace
d$-velopments
and trends
Co_smos 166 Mission Supports tffort to -lmprqvemiddotmiddot Htt9JtfJQmiddotnflf SolarfiBtts
Cosmo11 1~6 Wliicb -~ Soviets lahVIc~ed f~o~ T~atam at ~Qout Q+l-SZ lP -J~ne is acep~iug t o era~a of 2 middot Octoomiddote-~ partmiddot ~i a l~rltOad p~og-ram of- stud-ymiddot ofthe Jbyensbal pr~cmiddote-~se s middot whi~b middot ~~ in the solar coroOa ana adjacent lliyersmiddot of the s olar a~sph~re n The Soviet JaPer aaid -~it the c~~ft ca-rrtes middotmiddot
bull middot An X-~ay p4otometer JIS~~g photon Geige-r collnters for sensorsmiddot
bull An ult~~violt~t difix-aciioh spect~ometeiti bull middot Jn X-r-ay Ji~ocgrapb 2 identical X-riliJYl Qe~~cr eounter~
~ounte~~ Q~~id~ the satellite gileU) middotmiddot middot ~
The s tt~Jl~te ~s pr~ent~d on the middots1m- a fl~heel systeril a~d gas jet thr~$~e-rs being u sed fQ~ ~onttolling t~e ~tts attitud~ The fi~tliampQJ-8 sclti~ ~e solAr diisk thr~e thnes per orbit middotat an angulatftveloeityen of o 04 d~grees pemiddot~ secpnQ middotsqj~ ~~~dmiddota Data is st~r~d when tae i$middota~eUite is be_yohd line-~f-sightt opoundti~ ~collabo~rating g~o~nd Bmiddot
A nalysi~ ofdata ~~ed dutiggmiddot-~ pound1-Ist 3 $G)ntljs cff o~-ration ac~ortfing tp Pravda inc~~teS that
middot - bull Je blildbullpp time fo~ most solar flaremiddots is betw~ett Oi 5 alld
~middot o minute ih bull lh~~ js eViiaenc~ ~t middotJwramp1fningli tiaref p~reced~ ~ middotbull~i
phacse ~fa sola-r fbre~ bull Scgtm~ nares aze relativelymiddotJfbGt 11 ~6me acr~ rel~t~CVcent1yen esgtld bull ~here is a fWeeial class Qf laquoi~ay flaus not acco~paniedbymiddot
-()pti~al 1 (Vt~ible) flares itdicentatin~ that p~t of the Xbullr4f flare is lo~~eQ ~middot the OO-JOna (This lerified ob~e~made pe-enousmiddotlY by-the EJeCt~i)~ ~ tesa~~A~~Jaeze~ whicli wa~ launcq~d in J-anlla~y ~9~ ~cco_rQing to PiaYcyen UNregLAsSIIIDfED) middot middot ~
Imiddot PBshy
WIR middot4367 2 OCt 1967 SECRET middotr~rnfit
i~itial orbital paramete283 lari) would be
rar
f bull f
FTavda said that the (OlOnal O~igin Qf ray flares implies that these fl~res are c losely related to th~ coronal dis-turbances which cause the co~puacular fjales that ~re da)agtgerous to mannea spac_epound4ght This X-radiation the paper $aid might help i~ warnipg cosmopauts amiddotbout middottbe approach of corpuScula-r streame whic-h t~avel mole slowly than X-rltlys Travel time from the Su111 is 8-3 minutes poundor X-rays an hour
0 ()r m9re for cor middot cular Streams UNCLASSIFIED ~
lS middotof tbis- -satellite (apogee 578 km perigee middotsuitable for the missiltgtn described (tiECREr)
The PraVda arti-cle is somewhat utnrsual in that the Soviets ely give out details on the Payload characteristics specifi~ ~isampions
or missiotl resWts o tbeir Cosmos satellitesthpugh-they claim eaeh timemiddot otte is launcMd that th~middotse vehicles ~le particentJp~tin in the ov-ershyall Co$mos p~ogrrpn of smiddottudy opound the nean-Ea~rlh space ernvironment and -Clgtf the Ear-tll s ci~~ eovemiddotr Ehemiddot evideltc~ Sflgampests that except for a middotfeW genuine reseatch vehiclei~laUnched mostly fr-om Kapustin Yar Qr
PleE~etsk the Co-s-mos designation is a cover-up for satellites wltolJe missions are dassified such ~8 i-eCOtlllaiSsanc~) C~~ain type$ ot fai~ur esmiddot (deep apacente probes wbich are placed in~parking orbit but fail to achi~ve deep-space traijectory_) Or vehiCles whese middotmis ~-iC)nS Or expected accoInplishlnents would have little propaganda value As a rule resear~h satellites with a de-finite propaganda potemiddotnd~lare given n~-Cosbull mos designatiotls ~uch as Eiectmiddotrtm or Proton bull (SECRET) (-Pra~i NORADY fSEGRET)
Reece SateUites Cosmos 181 middot and cosmos 182 11e-orbited
$oviet militaJry rcentcentonnaismiddot sa1~e $-B~~llites Cosmos 181 and Coemmiddotos 182 whieh were ~lilunched ~~upective1y from Plesetsk M about ll30Zmiddot 11 Octobe-r and from Tytratam at about 07$9Z 16 October we-re de-orJ$~ted after neady adays of s_pacmiddoteflight -- CJosmos 181 Qn
19 Octolgter Cos-rnos 18a on 24 Octobe-r Eight days is the normal flight time of Soviet reconnaiss~nce satellites middot
CoernOs 11~2 was the zlat Soviehmiddotecemiddote satellite of 1~63 A tot~l of 23 was Iaunched Iast year (NOaAP) (SEGREf)
~ ]
middot ~ tn
Vertical Launches Thls Year Unprecedented in Number
4 nearYerti~aJ launal middot~he ~lStia Ya- ~2 weaile test range on 19 Qeteber was e ZZd sucli 1aunch fa-om that range thU year This is an unprecedwel nilmber of vertioallaunchebullbull Not ~llided in tlWt t~i is the I amptober votical ~~ ampom TfUatam (p llbull _last weekbull-s Wllt)
The purpose of tbampae lQUllebes rs not bown BreriolJS operations of this ttpe were associated with eueb ~iamiddot sions as asqophnies geoshyphysicaloebulls-earoh biomampdical e~eimente ami iIUC-lrear-r dlaquoonations Testi~g of spaeecraftmusile c~penttJ in the space en~onment is another possibility middot (NORAD~
fSECREr)
Cosmos 183 Mattes New Step ln middot o~veJopment of orbital Bomb system
Cb~mos 1~3 Whkilt Wi~~apJUhe4 $-~~ th~ Tyura~ JVlifJsUe Tel(ltIapge ~ ab~U 1330Z middotra~tob~r middot ~aa the Sovi~tsbull 6~ cansecutive autcessnu tesmiddott opound their OB-1 ftacti0llampl-orbit boxnbarlthnent sY4tem (FOS$) lt ~ampmiddot de~rbited on ~~volu~in 1bull impa~~iqg in middot~tt USSR at -abo~ l5Q4Z
the unpow~rted~ mgbt phas~ of this veh-i-e=le-e~u-g-g-es-t~s-t~ha-~t~tho----eO~B=-~9=--s-y uew step in itamiddot middot stern hasmiddot taken a middot
rapid matcmiddoth toward lOC (lmfmi (jpet-atio~ capap~ty) 1llbe o~-1 syatcent conJIMe of the ~r~ ~o-stage ss-9 IG~~~
and a tmiddothi-rd atage w~b dehoosts the ~e-entry yehtcl~ ~o ~ ti down on its t~rget Th~ use of t~e SS-9 whiltll t~~ch~ll lQC inlat~ 1965 a~ is np~ being ae~loyed i~ ~ot)eistezit W~ Sovet 9~s1ga p~soply w~ pteieu to adapt proven ~ponents tO a ~ew muairegwhenft_1 poundearibtebull rather thltJnbulldeveloping co0mplefely n~w systems hom the~ g roui14 ~p-
~ORAD e~t~f~s thafr the OB-lt1 Wil~ I
bull R~ach limite4 IOC algteut 10 weaponsl Qy the end 01gt1967 full IOC (5060 weapon-s) in 19b$ middot middot
bull Be able to cp-bit atid de-pt-l)it~ ~ ttA-etJtry vehicle wbichw~ghs 1200 poq~~middot -nci ~~ warbQd of 30reg ~middotmiddot (asmiddot~~ th~J t)l~ e~middot9 nd istage wamiddots pUFottelyliaUas~ted fo~ tb~ cur~zlt pound1~ht test se~~~
bull Hav~ a CEP opound Lmiddot1 nmbull (NORAP) laEGltET)
middotshOre~ _~~~----------~----~~ 7th Molniya CommtJnicationsshyRelay Sat~Uite launched
The Seviets lauaohed their 7th Molniya seldes communications relay satellite from Tyur-~tam 4t a-Qeut 084i)Z 22 October It appears t6be -working pro~-rly_ as middot~tUlGlneed _ by the Soviets who gave its 9rbitaJ parameters middotaS follEgtWlil- middot
InclinatiGn 65 degrees Period 11 hoUrS 54 minut~S
ApOgee 9 74-0 lcril (Zl-450 n m Period -456 k1n (245 n m)
The USSR now hfls poundp-~r aotive M9lniya relaytype communicationa $aJtellites in ot-bit these weie laurxchei ~tWlen 2middot0middot Oetobel 196-6 gt-and 2-i Octobe-r 1961~ A fifth one was launcbed on 31 August 1967 (p 6 1
WIR 3amp67) but was middotnamed Cosmos 174 when jt failed to ~rans-mit any _ dgnala it is considered tG be inactive as iar as ~co~unicatipns~re-l~y fs coneern~d
Previot+sly~ th~ Sov~~-s had la~ched 1-olniyas at tbe rat~ ot tw-o per year Thei~unch of four su~eessful one$ in 12 ptonths unshydp~ted~y middotis r-ela~~~ - to the Soliet amp~~~+~ to prov4ie w0-rlt4l~Wide TY co~rag e on 7 No~~$Jbel of the -G6lebi~~ns ~poundthe SDtb cinpiVeli$aly of the Bolslievik R-ev-o-lution~ middot middot
The launches opound the Molniyasmiddotmiddot with their 1-zhou-x 6-S~degree orbits were so timed that t)r~se craft amiddotpend mo~t of their tirtle overthe Northe-rmiddotp aemepher~J Yery -little of it ovec~ the SPutb~J n HenWphere with its ~parsely inh-~bited oeeans y et thesesatellites aftoJd c-ove-rage of Aushmiddotalasia Soith Ahica and South Ameriea
F oyen-r ~ppropriately spaced Mltgt~niy~e c~d provide contmiddotinqlttus coverag-e to -all eidlizamiddot countdes tulmiddot continu-ous doub_le covbull~~_get~ all ccuntri~middots nozoth ~pound 20deg N bull th-erelly entruring- selVice in the event of an o-qtag_e Also pound-our vehicles could give contin)lous triple cov~rage
of the latitudes of Lot1don New Yo~~ ~ndmiddot Tokyo_ e~suring relay o ~gtran$nii~ sions Jtoun~ middotthe Wrld e~en wlth onemiddot opound the foul eat~llites ou~ (NO~AJD) (SECRET
118 WIR 4367 01 Qct 967
VcarycHigh Vertical Launch P~_$lblymiddot Some Sott of Hardware Test
TASS clabn~d thai the v~eai laUnch of 1~ Q(feber fl 11 1
l(18t wemiddotek s WlR) to an alti~e of 4400 kil~tGeiters - 375 middotnJn) WftS
intencleltii to GQtain da1a on the ehamptgtactemiddot~il~l oj th-e ioAobullsphere the intensity oi co~nmiddotqk raysbull allci r~dmiddot tlnElfcent11~gt9 lol y~~ipue r-fgiens tgti the Eatthls radiation b elts
It is possible hewever that tle vehic)e was l~unched fe~ p1-rpoself other tha~ thos-e announced by th~ Soviets
bull It may liaVe be-en ~ntee-nded te stullmiddoty ae-lociynamic phe~omena or omiddotqnditiOns encounteed crwtding Jte -entry ~n~o the EarthIs atrr~gm~etre middot
bull It rnay--bave b~en an iIU~amplte8tmiddot 0 the SLmiddot8 in the role af a direct-asqent satellite int~Itce-pt system
S~-8 the ~uncn ve middot som-e advamtagemiddots oto use as a~
~ent wpulQ ~~e bull wintellc~tltgt~middot
bull It uses stottable prope-llants whiltli woUld enable tilte velUcle to be middotwa~ltntained in an adv~flcent~ middotsmiddot ~ate tif rea(iimiddotne~bull iQr 1-onJ Pe~i~s~ 6pound time~ ~ rlt~
middotbull The upper~ tt~g-e h ~$tarlalgti~1 a o~pablUty needed fen ~~ _ terxnWalhoming pha1u~ of imt~oept
bull middot It~ first s w would b~ eapimiddot~y producib middot as -~_tamated it)~ pte $i~ middotvss-~- tR~M~i amp ~ie~ middot middot middot ~middot be1n oltPmiddotex~tion~l sincente 1961 and has proved reUable shyinmiddotits many tro0potlaininampl~pings middotsblCe tllexn
Tpe WemiddotmiddotQf the SS-5 fo) yenB middotpqpo)Je W9UU~so ~-middotimiddoton~iste~~ with that 1 fac~t of SoYiiet desigmiddotn pinlaSophy which pf eters to middotadapt a pJlove-n available wea~ltn ays~ tp atoomptiehampileW missi~_ n~ to desigm~u enfilelymiddot new syatecm This d ~ b-Uo~ophy u~-u~lly r emiddotsUtil it- an ~~~~rmiddot Ifgt( (ini(ialvffgt~l~~~l lti y)bull
More intotmation~Will benee~ -~Y~X~ b middotefO-re arty detetminshyation caq be maOe opound the hue o~jeetivi P middot e 1Z Qet~)el la1lQCshyll (NORAD) (SEieREtmiddot)
secret
Nuclear Reactot tor Spacecraft ProHBtly Motivates Niobium-Aftoy Studies
Rec-ently deseurorib~d Soviet research with nioblum-baae alloys are probably oriented tow-ard th-e development of a nuqlear rea~tor for use in space Three re-cently dev~lo_eed alloys acc~rding to the Soviet t eehnical journaJ Atomnaya Energiya_ had the satQe high eorrosiol resistance to liquid lithiliril metal at 1 000 degrees G as doemiddots pur-e niobium
L~thi1lm ls llOmiddotst often associated with the development of advanced space reactors since its low demiddotnsity a-nd excellent tbermal and physical characteristics make it a deSka~ble liqUid-~etal ~ooJantmiddot SWce natural lithiurn cpntains Li-6 a str-vng nelitrbn absorber only Li-middot1 can be used in middota r middoteactor but Li-7 is too ~xpefisiv e to use in a r~actqr eocce-pt in one intend-ed poundor space use or other compacl one
Nioqiumbamiddotse alloys are qttr~tive candidat--es for fu~t-el~ent claading and stlUct_Urjil coYnpotle1its of metal-eo6le~ nuClear 1leactors becrtuse of their c~mpatibiiity with11tliiutn and other liquid ntetars as well a~middot their low tllermal neutnm absqrpti~p ltto-ampa r~ect-~on and very good atreilgth at thcentmiddot hi~h temperaf11res of an operactin~ ~~aeto~ middot _ middot middot
The ~~cipi~at~on-hamprdenecent1 ni()Qi~ ~L)o~ Clescrib~Q in Atomnaya Snemiddotrgiya are beiieved comparable to t-bose developed to aate in tile US CIA) (SEGREF)
eeerot
i~itial orbital paramete283 lari) would be
rar
f bull f
FTavda said that the (OlOnal O~igin Qf ray flares implies that these fl~res are c losely related to th~ coronal dis-turbances which cause the co~puacular fjales that ~re da)agtgerous to mannea spac_epound4ght This X-radiation the paper $aid might help i~ warnipg cosmopauts amiddotbout middottbe approach of corpuScula-r streame whic-h t~avel mole slowly than X-rltlys Travel time from the Su111 is 8-3 minutes poundor X-rays an hour
0 ()r m9re for cor middot cular Streams UNCLASSIFIED ~
lS middotof tbis- -satellite (apogee 578 km perigee middotsuitable for the missiltgtn described (tiECREr)
The PraVda arti-cle is somewhat utnrsual in that the Soviets ely give out details on the Payload characteristics specifi~ ~isampions
or missiotl resWts o tbeir Cosmos satellitesthpugh-they claim eaeh timemiddot otte is launcMd that th~middotse vehicles ~le particentJp~tin in the ov-ershyall Co$mos p~ogrrpn of smiddottudy opound the nean-Ea~rlh space ernvironment and -Clgtf the Ear-tll s ci~~ eovemiddotr Ehemiddot evideltc~ Sflgampests that except for a middotfeW genuine reseatch vehiclei~laUnched mostly fr-om Kapustin Yar Qr
PleE~etsk the Co-s-mos designation is a cover-up for satellites wltolJe missions are dassified such ~8 i-eCOtlllaiSsanc~) C~~ain type$ ot fai~ur esmiddot (deep apacente probes wbich are placed in~parking orbit but fail to achi~ve deep-space traijectory_) Or vehiCles whese middotmis ~-iC)nS Or expected accoInplishlnents would have little propaganda value As a rule resear~h satellites with a de-finite propaganda potemiddotnd~lare given n~-Cosbull mos designatiotls ~uch as Eiectmiddotrtm or Proton bull (SECRET) (-Pra~i NORADY fSEGRET)
Reece SateUites Cosmos 181 middot and cosmos 182 11e-orbited
$oviet militaJry rcentcentonnaismiddot sa1~e $-B~~llites Cosmos 181 and Coemmiddotos 182 whieh were ~lilunched ~~upective1y from Plesetsk M about ll30Zmiddot 11 Octobe-r and from Tytratam at about 07$9Z 16 October we-re de-orJ$~ted after neady adays of s_pacmiddoteflight -- CJosmos 181 Qn
19 Octolgter Cos-rnos 18a on 24 Octobe-r Eight days is the normal flight time of Soviet reconnaiss~nce satellites middot
CoernOs 11~2 was the zlat Soviehmiddotecemiddote satellite of 1~63 A tot~l of 23 was Iaunched Iast year (NOaAP) (SEGREf)
~ ]
middot ~ tn
Vertical Launches Thls Year Unprecedented in Number
4 nearYerti~aJ launal middot~he ~lStia Ya- ~2 weaile test range on 19 Qeteber was e ZZd sucli 1aunch fa-om that range thU year This is an unprecedwel nilmber of vertioallaunchebullbull Not ~llided in tlWt t~i is the I amptober votical ~~ ampom TfUatam (p llbull _last weekbull-s Wllt)
The purpose of tbampae lQUllebes rs not bown BreriolJS operations of this ttpe were associated with eueb ~iamiddot sions as asqophnies geoshyphysicaloebulls-earoh biomampdical e~eimente ami iIUC-lrear-r dlaquoonations Testi~g of spaeecraftmusile c~penttJ in the space en~onment is another possibility middot (NORAD~
fSECREr)
Cosmos 183 Mattes New Step ln middot o~veJopment of orbital Bomb system
Cb~mos 1~3 Whkilt Wi~~apJUhe4 $-~~ th~ Tyura~ JVlifJsUe Tel(ltIapge ~ ab~U 1330Z middotra~tob~r middot ~aa the Sovi~tsbull 6~ cansecutive autcessnu tesmiddott opound their OB-1 ftacti0llampl-orbit boxnbarlthnent sY4tem (FOS$) lt ~ampmiddot de~rbited on ~~volu~in 1bull impa~~iqg in middot~tt USSR at -abo~ l5Q4Z
the unpow~rted~ mgbt phas~ of this veh-i-e=le-e~u-g-g-es-t~s-t~ha-~t~tho----eO~B=-~9=--s-y uew step in itamiddot middot stern hasmiddot taken a middot
rapid matcmiddoth toward lOC (lmfmi (jpet-atio~ capap~ty) 1llbe o~-1 syatcent conJIMe of the ~r~ ~o-stage ss-9 IG~~~
and a tmiddothi-rd atage w~b dehoosts the ~e-entry yehtcl~ ~o ~ ti down on its t~rget Th~ use of t~e SS-9 whiltll t~~ch~ll lQC inlat~ 1965 a~ is np~ being ae~loyed i~ ~ot)eistezit W~ Sovet 9~s1ga p~soply w~ pteieu to adapt proven ~ponents tO a ~ew muairegwhenft_1 poundearibtebull rather thltJnbulldeveloping co0mplefely n~w systems hom the~ g roui14 ~p-
~ORAD e~t~f~s thafr the OB-lt1 Wil~ I
bull R~ach limite4 IOC algteut 10 weaponsl Qy the end 01gt1967 full IOC (5060 weapon-s) in 19b$ middot middot
bull Be able to cp-bit atid de-pt-l)it~ ~ ttA-etJtry vehicle wbichw~ghs 1200 poq~~middot -nci ~~ warbQd of 30reg ~middotmiddot (asmiddot~~ th~J t)l~ e~middot9 nd istage wamiddots pUFottelyliaUas~ted fo~ tb~ cur~zlt pound1~ht test se~~~
bull Hav~ a CEP opound Lmiddot1 nmbull (NORAP) laEGltET)
middotshOre~ _~~~----------~----~~ 7th Molniya CommtJnicationsshyRelay Sat~Uite launched
The Seviets lauaohed their 7th Molniya seldes communications relay satellite from Tyur-~tam 4t a-Qeut 084i)Z 22 October It appears t6be -working pro~-rly_ as middot~tUlGlneed _ by the Soviets who gave its 9rbitaJ parameters middotaS follEgtWlil- middot
InclinatiGn 65 degrees Period 11 hoUrS 54 minut~S
ApOgee 9 74-0 lcril (Zl-450 n m Period -456 k1n (245 n m)
The USSR now hfls poundp-~r aotive M9lniya relaytype communicationa $aJtellites in ot-bit these weie laurxchei ~tWlen 2middot0middot Oetobel 196-6 gt-and 2-i Octobe-r 1961~ A fifth one was launcbed on 31 August 1967 (p 6 1
WIR 3amp67) but was middotnamed Cosmos 174 when jt failed to ~rans-mit any _ dgnala it is considered tG be inactive as iar as ~co~unicatipns~re-l~y fs coneern~d
Previot+sly~ th~ Sov~~-s had la~ched 1-olniyas at tbe rat~ ot tw-o per year Thei~unch of four su~eessful one$ in 12 ptonths unshydp~ted~y middotis r-ela~~~ - to the Soliet amp~~~+~ to prov4ie w0-rlt4l~Wide TY co~rag e on 7 No~~$Jbel of the -G6lebi~~ns ~poundthe SDtb cinpiVeli$aly of the Bolslievik R-ev-o-lution~ middot middot
The launches opound the Molniyasmiddotmiddot with their 1-zhou-x 6-S~degree orbits were so timed that t)r~se craft amiddotpend mo~t of their tirtle overthe Northe-rmiddotp aemepher~J Yery -little of it ovec~ the SPutb~J n HenWphere with its ~parsely inh-~bited oeeans y et thesesatellites aftoJd c-ove-rage of Aushmiddotalasia Soith Ahica and South Ameriea
F oyen-r ~ppropriately spaced Mltgt~niy~e c~d provide contmiddotinqlttus coverag-e to -all eidlizamiddot countdes tulmiddot continu-ous doub_le covbull~~_get~ all ccuntri~middots nozoth ~pound 20deg N bull th-erelly entruring- selVice in the event of an o-qtag_e Also pound-our vehicles could give contin)lous triple cov~rage
of the latitudes of Lot1don New Yo~~ ~ndmiddot Tokyo_ e~suring relay o ~gtran$nii~ sions Jtoun~ middotthe Wrld e~en wlth onemiddot opound the foul eat~llites ou~ (NO~AJD) (SECRET
118 WIR 4367 01 Qct 967
VcarycHigh Vertical Launch P~_$lblymiddot Some Sott of Hardware Test
TASS clabn~d thai the v~eai laUnch of 1~ Q(feber fl 11 1
l(18t wemiddotek s WlR) to an alti~e of 4400 kil~tGeiters - 375 middotnJn) WftS
intencleltii to GQtain da1a on the ehamptgtactemiddot~il~l oj th-e ioAobullsphere the intensity oi co~nmiddotqk raysbull allci r~dmiddot tlnElfcent11~gt9 lol y~~ipue r-fgiens tgti the Eatthls radiation b elts
It is possible hewever that tle vehic)e was l~unched fe~ p1-rpoself other tha~ thos-e announced by th~ Soviets
bull It may liaVe be-en ~ntee-nded te stullmiddoty ae-lociynamic phe~omena or omiddotqnditiOns encounteed crwtding Jte -entry ~n~o the EarthIs atrr~gm~etre middot
bull It rnay--bave b~en an iIU~amplte8tmiddot 0 the SLmiddot8 in the role af a direct-asqent satellite int~Itce-pt system
S~-8 the ~uncn ve middot som-e advamtagemiddots oto use as a~
~ent wpulQ ~~e bull wintellc~tltgt~middot
bull It uses stottable prope-llants whiltli woUld enable tilte velUcle to be middotwa~ltntained in an adv~flcent~ middotsmiddot ~ate tif rea(iimiddotne~bull iQr 1-onJ Pe~i~s~ 6pound time~ ~ rlt~
middotbull The upper~ tt~g-e h ~$tarlalgti~1 a o~pablUty needed fen ~~ _ terxnWalhoming pha1u~ of imt~oept
bull middot It~ first s w would b~ eapimiddot~y producib middot as -~_tamated it)~ pte $i~ middotvss-~- tR~M~i amp ~ie~ middot middot middot ~middot be1n oltPmiddotex~tion~l sincente 1961 and has proved reUable shyinmiddotits many tro0potlaininampl~pings middotsblCe tllexn
Tpe WemiddotmiddotQf the SS-5 fo) yenB middotpqpo)Je W9UU~so ~-middotimiddoton~iste~~ with that 1 fac~t of SoYiiet desigmiddotn pinlaSophy which pf eters to middotadapt a pJlove-n available wea~ltn ays~ tp atoomptiehampileW missi~_ n~ to desigm~u enfilelymiddot new syatecm This d ~ b-Uo~ophy u~-u~lly r emiddotsUtil it- an ~~~~rmiddot Ifgt( (ini(ialvffgt~l~~~l lti y)bull
More intotmation~Will benee~ -~Y~X~ b middotefO-re arty detetminshyation caq be maOe opound the hue o~jeetivi P middot e 1Z Qet~)el la1lQCshyll (NORAD) (SEieREtmiddot)
secret
Nuclear Reactot tor Spacecraft ProHBtly Motivates Niobium-Aftoy Studies
Rec-ently deseurorib~d Soviet research with nioblum-baae alloys are probably oriented tow-ard th-e development of a nuqlear rea~tor for use in space Three re-cently dev~lo_eed alloys acc~rding to the Soviet t eehnical journaJ Atomnaya Energiya_ had the satQe high eorrosiol resistance to liquid lithiliril metal at 1 000 degrees G as doemiddots pur-e niobium
L~thi1lm ls llOmiddotst often associated with the development of advanced space reactors since its low demiddotnsity a-nd excellent tbermal and physical characteristics make it a deSka~ble liqUid-~etal ~ooJantmiddot SWce natural lithiurn cpntains Li-6 a str-vng nelitrbn absorber only Li-middot1 can be used in middota r middoteactor but Li-7 is too ~xpefisiv e to use in a r~actqr eocce-pt in one intend-ed poundor space use or other compacl one
Nioqiumbamiddotse alloys are qttr~tive candidat--es for fu~t-el~ent claading and stlUct_Urjil coYnpotle1its of metal-eo6le~ nuClear 1leactors becrtuse of their c~mpatibiiity with11tliiutn and other liquid ntetars as well a~middot their low tllermal neutnm absqrpti~p ltto-ampa r~ect-~on and very good atreilgth at thcentmiddot hi~h temperaf11res of an operactin~ ~~aeto~ middot _ middot middot
The ~~cipi~at~on-hamprdenecent1 ni()Qi~ ~L)o~ Clescrib~Q in Atomnaya Snemiddotrgiya are beiieved comparable to t-bose developed to aate in tile US CIA) (SEGREF)
eeerot
~ ]
middot ~ tn
Vertical Launches Thls Year Unprecedented in Number
4 nearYerti~aJ launal middot~he ~lStia Ya- ~2 weaile test range on 19 Qeteber was e ZZd sucli 1aunch fa-om that range thU year This is an unprecedwel nilmber of vertioallaunchebullbull Not ~llided in tlWt t~i is the I amptober votical ~~ ampom TfUatam (p llbull _last weekbull-s Wllt)
The purpose of tbampae lQUllebes rs not bown BreriolJS operations of this ttpe were associated with eueb ~iamiddot sions as asqophnies geoshyphysicaloebulls-earoh biomampdical e~eimente ami iIUC-lrear-r dlaquoonations Testi~g of spaeecraftmusile c~penttJ in the space en~onment is another possibility middot (NORAD~
fSECREr)
Cosmos 183 Mattes New Step ln middot o~veJopment of orbital Bomb system
Cb~mos 1~3 Whkilt Wi~~apJUhe4 $-~~ th~ Tyura~ JVlifJsUe Tel(ltIapge ~ ab~U 1330Z middotra~tob~r middot ~aa the Sovi~tsbull 6~ cansecutive autcessnu tesmiddott opound their OB-1 ftacti0llampl-orbit boxnbarlthnent sY4tem (FOS$) lt ~ampmiddot de~rbited on ~~volu~in 1bull impa~~iqg in middot~tt USSR at -abo~ l5Q4Z
the unpow~rted~ mgbt phas~ of this veh-i-e=le-e~u-g-g-es-t~s-t~ha-~t~tho----eO~B=-~9=--s-y uew step in itamiddot middot stern hasmiddot taken a middot
rapid matcmiddoth toward lOC (lmfmi (jpet-atio~ capap~ty) 1llbe o~-1 syatcent conJIMe of the ~r~ ~o-stage ss-9 IG~~~
and a tmiddothi-rd atage w~b dehoosts the ~e-entry yehtcl~ ~o ~ ti down on its t~rget Th~ use of t~e SS-9 whiltll t~~ch~ll lQC inlat~ 1965 a~ is np~ being ae~loyed i~ ~ot)eistezit W~ Sovet 9~s1ga p~soply w~ pteieu to adapt proven ~ponents tO a ~ew muairegwhenft_1 poundearibtebull rather thltJnbulldeveloping co0mplefely n~w systems hom the~ g roui14 ~p-
~ORAD e~t~f~s thafr the OB-lt1 Wil~ I
bull R~ach limite4 IOC algteut 10 weaponsl Qy the end 01gt1967 full IOC (5060 weapon-s) in 19b$ middot middot
bull Be able to cp-bit atid de-pt-l)it~ ~ ttA-etJtry vehicle wbichw~ghs 1200 poq~~middot -nci ~~ warbQd of 30reg ~middotmiddot (asmiddot~~ th~J t)l~ e~middot9 nd istage wamiddots pUFottelyliaUas~ted fo~ tb~ cur~zlt pound1~ht test se~~~
bull Hav~ a CEP opound Lmiddot1 nmbull (NORAP) laEGltET)
middotshOre~ _~~~----------~----~~ 7th Molniya CommtJnicationsshyRelay Sat~Uite launched
The Seviets lauaohed their 7th Molniya seldes communications relay satellite from Tyur-~tam 4t a-Qeut 084i)Z 22 October It appears t6be -working pro~-rly_ as middot~tUlGlneed _ by the Soviets who gave its 9rbitaJ parameters middotaS follEgtWlil- middot
InclinatiGn 65 degrees Period 11 hoUrS 54 minut~S
ApOgee 9 74-0 lcril (Zl-450 n m Period -456 k1n (245 n m)
The USSR now hfls poundp-~r aotive M9lniya relaytype communicationa $aJtellites in ot-bit these weie laurxchei ~tWlen 2middot0middot Oetobel 196-6 gt-and 2-i Octobe-r 1961~ A fifth one was launcbed on 31 August 1967 (p 6 1
WIR 3amp67) but was middotnamed Cosmos 174 when jt failed to ~rans-mit any _ dgnala it is considered tG be inactive as iar as ~co~unicatipns~re-l~y fs coneern~d
Previot+sly~ th~ Sov~~-s had la~ched 1-olniyas at tbe rat~ ot tw-o per year Thei~unch of four su~eessful one$ in 12 ptonths unshydp~ted~y middotis r-ela~~~ - to the Soliet amp~~~+~ to prov4ie w0-rlt4l~Wide TY co~rag e on 7 No~~$Jbel of the -G6lebi~~ns ~poundthe SDtb cinpiVeli$aly of the Bolslievik R-ev-o-lution~ middot middot
The launches opound the Molniyasmiddotmiddot with their 1-zhou-x 6-S~degree orbits were so timed that t)r~se craft amiddotpend mo~t of their tirtle overthe Northe-rmiddotp aemepher~J Yery -little of it ovec~ the SPutb~J n HenWphere with its ~parsely inh-~bited oeeans y et thesesatellites aftoJd c-ove-rage of Aushmiddotalasia Soith Ahica and South Ameriea
F oyen-r ~ppropriately spaced Mltgt~niy~e c~d provide contmiddotinqlttus coverag-e to -all eidlizamiddot countdes tulmiddot continu-ous doub_le covbull~~_get~ all ccuntri~middots nozoth ~pound 20deg N bull th-erelly entruring- selVice in the event of an o-qtag_e Also pound-our vehicles could give contin)lous triple cov~rage
of the latitudes of Lot1don New Yo~~ ~ndmiddot Tokyo_ e~suring relay o ~gtran$nii~ sions Jtoun~ middotthe Wrld e~en wlth onemiddot opound the foul eat~llites ou~ (NO~AJD) (SECRET
118 WIR 4367 01 Qct 967
VcarycHigh Vertical Launch P~_$lblymiddot Some Sott of Hardware Test
TASS clabn~d thai the v~eai laUnch of 1~ Q(feber fl 11 1
l(18t wemiddotek s WlR) to an alti~e of 4400 kil~tGeiters - 375 middotnJn) WftS
intencleltii to GQtain da1a on the ehamptgtactemiddot~il~l oj th-e ioAobullsphere the intensity oi co~nmiddotqk raysbull allci r~dmiddot tlnElfcent11~gt9 lol y~~ipue r-fgiens tgti the Eatthls radiation b elts
It is possible hewever that tle vehic)e was l~unched fe~ p1-rpoself other tha~ thos-e announced by th~ Soviets
bull It may liaVe be-en ~ntee-nded te stullmiddoty ae-lociynamic phe~omena or omiddotqnditiOns encounteed crwtding Jte -entry ~n~o the EarthIs atrr~gm~etre middot
bull It rnay--bave b~en an iIU~amplte8tmiddot 0 the SLmiddot8 in the role af a direct-asqent satellite int~Itce-pt system
S~-8 the ~uncn ve middot som-e advamtagemiddots oto use as a~
~ent wpulQ ~~e bull wintellc~tltgt~middot
bull It uses stottable prope-llants whiltli woUld enable tilte velUcle to be middotwa~ltntained in an adv~flcent~ middotsmiddot ~ate tif rea(iimiddotne~bull iQr 1-onJ Pe~i~s~ 6pound time~ ~ rlt~
middotbull The upper~ tt~g-e h ~$tarlalgti~1 a o~pablUty needed fen ~~ _ terxnWalhoming pha1u~ of imt~oept
bull middot It~ first s w would b~ eapimiddot~y producib middot as -~_tamated it)~ pte $i~ middotvss-~- tR~M~i amp ~ie~ middot middot middot ~middot be1n oltPmiddotex~tion~l sincente 1961 and has proved reUable shyinmiddotits many tro0potlaininampl~pings middotsblCe tllexn
Tpe WemiddotmiddotQf the SS-5 fo) yenB middotpqpo)Je W9UU~so ~-middotimiddoton~iste~~ with that 1 fac~t of SoYiiet desigmiddotn pinlaSophy which pf eters to middotadapt a pJlove-n available wea~ltn ays~ tp atoomptiehampileW missi~_ n~ to desigm~u enfilelymiddot new syatecm This d ~ b-Uo~ophy u~-u~lly r emiddotsUtil it- an ~~~~rmiddot Ifgt( (ini(ialvffgt~l~~~l lti y)bull
More intotmation~Will benee~ -~Y~X~ b middotefO-re arty detetminshyation caq be maOe opound the hue o~jeetivi P middot e 1Z Qet~)el la1lQCshyll (NORAD) (SEieREtmiddot)
secret
Nuclear Reactot tor Spacecraft ProHBtly Motivates Niobium-Aftoy Studies
Rec-ently deseurorib~d Soviet research with nioblum-baae alloys are probably oriented tow-ard th-e development of a nuqlear rea~tor for use in space Three re-cently dev~lo_eed alloys acc~rding to the Soviet t eehnical journaJ Atomnaya Energiya_ had the satQe high eorrosiol resistance to liquid lithiliril metal at 1 000 degrees G as doemiddots pur-e niobium
L~thi1lm ls llOmiddotst often associated with the development of advanced space reactors since its low demiddotnsity a-nd excellent tbermal and physical characteristics make it a deSka~ble liqUid-~etal ~ooJantmiddot SWce natural lithiurn cpntains Li-6 a str-vng nelitrbn absorber only Li-middot1 can be used in middota r middoteactor but Li-7 is too ~xpefisiv e to use in a r~actqr eocce-pt in one intend-ed poundor space use or other compacl one
Nioqiumbamiddotse alloys are qttr~tive candidat--es for fu~t-el~ent claading and stlUct_Urjil coYnpotle1its of metal-eo6le~ nuClear 1leactors becrtuse of their c~mpatibiiity with11tliiutn and other liquid ntetars as well a~middot their low tllermal neutnm absqrpti~p ltto-ampa r~ect-~on and very good atreilgth at thcentmiddot hi~h temperaf11res of an operactin~ ~~aeto~ middot _ middot middot
The ~~cipi~at~on-hamprdenecent1 ni()Qi~ ~L)o~ Clescrib~Q in Atomnaya Snemiddotrgiya are beiieved comparable to t-bose developed to aate in tile US CIA) (SEGREF)
eeerot
middotshOre~ _~~~----------~----~~ 7th Molniya CommtJnicationsshyRelay Sat~Uite launched
The Seviets lauaohed their 7th Molniya seldes communications relay satellite from Tyur-~tam 4t a-Qeut 084i)Z 22 October It appears t6be -working pro~-rly_ as middot~tUlGlneed _ by the Soviets who gave its 9rbitaJ parameters middotaS follEgtWlil- middot
InclinatiGn 65 degrees Period 11 hoUrS 54 minut~S
ApOgee 9 74-0 lcril (Zl-450 n m Period -456 k1n (245 n m)
The USSR now hfls poundp-~r aotive M9lniya relaytype communicationa $aJtellites in ot-bit these weie laurxchei ~tWlen 2middot0middot Oetobel 196-6 gt-and 2-i Octobe-r 1961~ A fifth one was launcbed on 31 August 1967 (p 6 1
WIR 3amp67) but was middotnamed Cosmos 174 when jt failed to ~rans-mit any _ dgnala it is considered tG be inactive as iar as ~co~unicatipns~re-l~y fs coneern~d
Previot+sly~ th~ Sov~~-s had la~ched 1-olniyas at tbe rat~ ot tw-o per year Thei~unch of four su~eessful one$ in 12 ptonths unshydp~ted~y middotis r-ela~~~ - to the Soliet amp~~~+~ to prov4ie w0-rlt4l~Wide TY co~rag e on 7 No~~$Jbel of the -G6lebi~~ns ~poundthe SDtb cinpiVeli$aly of the Bolslievik R-ev-o-lution~ middot middot
The launches opound the Molniyasmiddotmiddot with their 1-zhou-x 6-S~degree orbits were so timed that t)r~se craft amiddotpend mo~t of their tirtle overthe Northe-rmiddotp aemepher~J Yery -little of it ovec~ the SPutb~J n HenWphere with its ~parsely inh-~bited oeeans y et thesesatellites aftoJd c-ove-rage of Aushmiddotalasia Soith Ahica and South Ameriea
F oyen-r ~ppropriately spaced Mltgt~niy~e c~d provide contmiddotinqlttus coverag-e to -all eidlizamiddot countdes tulmiddot continu-ous doub_le covbull~~_get~ all ccuntri~middots nozoth ~pound 20deg N bull th-erelly entruring- selVice in the event of an o-qtag_e Also pound-our vehicles could give contin)lous triple cov~rage
of the latitudes of Lot1don New Yo~~ ~ndmiddot Tokyo_ e~suring relay o ~gtran$nii~ sions Jtoun~ middotthe Wrld e~en wlth onemiddot opound the foul eat~llites ou~ (NO~AJD) (SECRET
118 WIR 4367 01 Qct 967
VcarycHigh Vertical Launch P~_$lblymiddot Some Sott of Hardware Test
TASS clabn~d thai the v~eai laUnch of 1~ Q(feber fl 11 1
l(18t wemiddotek s WlR) to an alti~e of 4400 kil~tGeiters - 375 middotnJn) WftS
intencleltii to GQtain da1a on the ehamptgtactemiddot~il~l oj th-e ioAobullsphere the intensity oi co~nmiddotqk raysbull allci r~dmiddot tlnElfcent11~gt9 lol y~~ipue r-fgiens tgti the Eatthls radiation b elts
It is possible hewever that tle vehic)e was l~unched fe~ p1-rpoself other tha~ thos-e announced by th~ Soviets
bull It may liaVe be-en ~ntee-nded te stullmiddoty ae-lociynamic phe~omena or omiddotqnditiOns encounteed crwtding Jte -entry ~n~o the EarthIs atrr~gm~etre middot
bull It rnay--bave b~en an iIU~amplte8tmiddot 0 the SLmiddot8 in the role af a direct-asqent satellite int~Itce-pt system
S~-8 the ~uncn ve middot som-e advamtagemiddots oto use as a~
~ent wpulQ ~~e bull wintellc~tltgt~middot
bull It uses stottable prope-llants whiltli woUld enable tilte velUcle to be middotwa~ltntained in an adv~flcent~ middotsmiddot ~ate tif rea(iimiddotne~bull iQr 1-onJ Pe~i~s~ 6pound time~ ~ rlt~
middotbull The upper~ tt~g-e h ~$tarlalgti~1 a o~pablUty needed fen ~~ _ terxnWalhoming pha1u~ of imt~oept
bull middot It~ first s w would b~ eapimiddot~y producib middot as -~_tamated it)~ pte $i~ middotvss-~- tR~M~i amp ~ie~ middot middot middot ~middot be1n oltPmiddotex~tion~l sincente 1961 and has proved reUable shyinmiddotits many tro0potlaininampl~pings middotsblCe tllexn
Tpe WemiddotmiddotQf the SS-5 fo) yenB middotpqpo)Je W9UU~so ~-middotimiddoton~iste~~ with that 1 fac~t of SoYiiet desigmiddotn pinlaSophy which pf eters to middotadapt a pJlove-n available wea~ltn ays~ tp atoomptiehampileW missi~_ n~ to desigm~u enfilelymiddot new syatecm This d ~ b-Uo~ophy u~-u~lly r emiddotsUtil it- an ~~~~rmiddot Ifgt( (ini(ialvffgt~l~~~l lti y)bull
More intotmation~Will benee~ -~Y~X~ b middotefO-re arty detetminshyation caq be maOe opound the hue o~jeetivi P middot e 1Z Qet~)el la1lQCshyll (NORAD) (SEieREtmiddot)
secret
Nuclear Reactot tor Spacecraft ProHBtly Motivates Niobium-Aftoy Studies
Rec-ently deseurorib~d Soviet research with nioblum-baae alloys are probably oriented tow-ard th-e development of a nuqlear rea~tor for use in space Three re-cently dev~lo_eed alloys acc~rding to the Soviet t eehnical journaJ Atomnaya Energiya_ had the satQe high eorrosiol resistance to liquid lithiliril metal at 1 000 degrees G as doemiddots pur-e niobium
L~thi1lm ls llOmiddotst often associated with the development of advanced space reactors since its low demiddotnsity a-nd excellent tbermal and physical characteristics make it a deSka~ble liqUid-~etal ~ooJantmiddot SWce natural lithiurn cpntains Li-6 a str-vng nelitrbn absorber only Li-middot1 can be used in middota r middoteactor but Li-7 is too ~xpefisiv e to use in a r~actqr eocce-pt in one intend-ed poundor space use or other compacl one
Nioqiumbamiddotse alloys are qttr~tive candidat--es for fu~t-el~ent claading and stlUct_Urjil coYnpotle1its of metal-eo6le~ nuClear 1leactors becrtuse of their c~mpatibiiity with11tliiutn and other liquid ntetars as well a~middot their low tllermal neutnm absqrpti~p ltto-ampa r~ect-~on and very good atreilgth at thcentmiddot hi~h temperaf11res of an operactin~ ~~aeto~ middot _ middot middot
The ~~cipi~at~on-hamprdenecent1 ni()Qi~ ~L)o~ Clescrib~Q in Atomnaya Snemiddotrgiya are beiieved comparable to t-bose developed to aate in tile US CIA) (SEGREF)
eeerot
VcarycHigh Vertical Launch P~_$lblymiddot Some Sott of Hardware Test
TASS clabn~d thai the v~eai laUnch of 1~ Q(feber fl 11 1
l(18t wemiddotek s WlR) to an alti~e of 4400 kil~tGeiters - 375 middotnJn) WftS
intencleltii to GQtain da1a on the ehamptgtactemiddot~il~l oj th-e ioAobullsphere the intensity oi co~nmiddotqk raysbull allci r~dmiddot tlnElfcent11~gt9 lol y~~ipue r-fgiens tgti the Eatthls radiation b elts
It is possible hewever that tle vehic)e was l~unched fe~ p1-rpoself other tha~ thos-e announced by th~ Soviets
bull It may liaVe be-en ~ntee-nded te stullmiddoty ae-lociynamic phe~omena or omiddotqnditiOns encounteed crwtding Jte -entry ~n~o the EarthIs atrr~gm~etre middot
bull It rnay--bave b~en an iIU~amplte8tmiddot 0 the SLmiddot8 in the role af a direct-asqent satellite int~Itce-pt system
S~-8 the ~uncn ve middot som-e advamtagemiddots oto use as a~
~ent wpulQ ~~e bull wintellc~tltgt~middot
bull It uses stottable prope-llants whiltli woUld enable tilte velUcle to be middotwa~ltntained in an adv~flcent~ middotsmiddot ~ate tif rea(iimiddotne~bull iQr 1-onJ Pe~i~s~ 6pound time~ ~ rlt~
middotbull The upper~ tt~g-e h ~$tarlalgti~1 a o~pablUty needed fen ~~ _ terxnWalhoming pha1u~ of imt~oept
bull middot It~ first s w would b~ eapimiddot~y producib middot as -~_tamated it)~ pte $i~ middotvss-~- tR~M~i amp ~ie~ middot middot middot ~middot be1n oltPmiddotex~tion~l sincente 1961 and has proved reUable shyinmiddotits many tro0potlaininampl~pings middotsblCe tllexn
Tpe WemiddotmiddotQf the SS-5 fo) yenB middotpqpo)Je W9UU~so ~-middotimiddoton~iste~~ with that 1 fac~t of SoYiiet desigmiddotn pinlaSophy which pf eters to middotadapt a pJlove-n available wea~ltn ays~ tp atoomptiehampileW missi~_ n~ to desigm~u enfilelymiddot new syatecm This d ~ b-Uo~ophy u~-u~lly r emiddotsUtil it- an ~~~~rmiddot Ifgt( (ini(ialvffgt~l~~~l lti y)bull
More intotmation~Will benee~ -~Y~X~ b middotefO-re arty detetminshyation caq be maOe opound the hue o~jeetivi P middot e 1Z Qet~)el la1lQCshyll (NORAD) (SEieREtmiddot)
secret
Nuclear Reactot tor Spacecraft ProHBtly Motivates Niobium-Aftoy Studies
Rec-ently deseurorib~d Soviet research with nioblum-baae alloys are probably oriented tow-ard th-e development of a nuqlear rea~tor for use in space Three re-cently dev~lo_eed alloys acc~rding to the Soviet t eehnical journaJ Atomnaya Energiya_ had the satQe high eorrosiol resistance to liquid lithiliril metal at 1 000 degrees G as doemiddots pur-e niobium
L~thi1lm ls llOmiddotst often associated with the development of advanced space reactors since its low demiddotnsity a-nd excellent tbermal and physical characteristics make it a deSka~ble liqUid-~etal ~ooJantmiddot SWce natural lithiurn cpntains Li-6 a str-vng nelitrbn absorber only Li-middot1 can be used in middota r middoteactor but Li-7 is too ~xpefisiv e to use in a r~actqr eocce-pt in one intend-ed poundor space use or other compacl one
Nioqiumbamiddotse alloys are qttr~tive candidat--es for fu~t-el~ent claading and stlUct_Urjil coYnpotle1its of metal-eo6le~ nuClear 1leactors becrtuse of their c~mpatibiiity with11tliiutn and other liquid ntetars as well a~middot their low tllermal neutnm absqrpti~p ltto-ampa r~ect-~on and very good atreilgth at thcentmiddot hi~h temperaf11res of an operactin~ ~~aeto~ middot _ middot middot
The ~~cipi~at~on-hamprdenecent1 ni()Qi~ ~L)o~ Clescrib~Q in Atomnaya Snemiddotrgiya are beiieved comparable to t-bose developed to aate in tile US CIA) (SEGREF)
eeerot
secret
Nuclear Reactot tor Spacecraft ProHBtly Motivates Niobium-Aftoy Studies
Rec-ently deseurorib~d Soviet research with nioblum-baae alloys are probably oriented tow-ard th-e development of a nuqlear rea~tor for use in space Three re-cently dev~lo_eed alloys acc~rding to the Soviet t eehnical journaJ Atomnaya Energiya_ had the satQe high eorrosiol resistance to liquid lithiliril metal at 1 000 degrees G as doemiddots pur-e niobium
L~thi1lm ls llOmiddotst often associated with the development of advanced space reactors since its low demiddotnsity a-nd excellent tbermal and physical characteristics make it a deSka~ble liqUid-~etal ~ooJantmiddot SWce natural lithiurn cpntains Li-6 a str-vng nelitrbn absorber only Li-middot1 can be used in middota r middoteactor but Li-7 is too ~xpefisiv e to use in a r~actqr eocce-pt in one intend-ed poundor space use or other compacl one
Nioqiumbamiddotse alloys are qttr~tive candidat--es for fu~t-el~ent claading and stlUct_Urjil coYnpotle1its of metal-eo6le~ nuClear 1leactors becrtuse of their c~mpatibiiity with11tliiutn and other liquid ntetars as well a~middot their low tllermal neutnm absqrpti~p ltto-ampa r~ect-~on and very good atreilgth at thcentmiddot hi~h temperaf11res of an operactin~ ~~aeto~ middot _ middot middot
The ~~cipi~at~on-hamprdenecent1 ni()Qi~ ~L)o~ Clescrib~Q in Atomnaya Snemiddotrgiya are beiieved comparable to t-bose developed to aate in tile US CIA) (SEGREF)
eeerot
