NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE

ANIMAL HU§§ANDRY PUUJOFVKEK(Name of project)

Calendar Year l96£L

major phases of project Percentage of timeor subdivisions oi devoted to entire

‘ project covered Name of worker* pgoject by each workerIn Charge Jack Kellex 100 Per Cent

Beef Cattle & Sheep J. S. Buchanan 100 Per Cent

Beef Cattle & Sheep A. Allen 100 Per Cent

Beef Cattle (Performance Testing) W. Patterson 100 Per Cent

Meats Christian 100 Per Cent

Swine - Woodard 100 Per Cent

4—H Club Work . McGuire 100 Per Cent

Date submitted: December 12 195:. Signed:Project Leader

Date approved: 19§__. Signed:State Director of Extension

Date approved: . Signed:Administrator, Federal Extensionwork, U. S. Department of Agricul-cure

* If phases of project are divided between twq or more workers, indicateassignment to each.

1961 PLAN or WORK

roa

mam. mama! EXTENSION

m

KORTH CAROLIHA

Jack KallayIn Charge Animal Husbandry Extension

J. 8. BudhananAnimal Husbandry Extension Specialist

A. v. AllanAnimal Husbandry Extansion Specialist

J. w. PattersonAnimal Husbandry Extension Specialist

J. A. ChristianAnimal Husbandry Extension Specialist

J. R. WbodardAnimal Husbandry Extension Specialist

Robert L. McGuireAnimal Husbandry Extension Specialist

I.

1961 PLAX 0? WORK

for

AHIMAL HUSBANDR! EXTEHBIOH

in

NORTH CAROLIRA

gggRODUQTIOH

An abundant supply of feed and favorable prices for

beef cattle, hogs. and sheep made 1960 a good year for

Earth Carolina livestock farmers. Host farmers are going

into 1961 with the most feed they have ever_had and an

optimistic outleok for good pricea during the year.

The livestOck industry is undergoing a dhange in

north Carolina as it is in other parts of the nation.

Livestock enterprises are becaming larger and more ef—

ficient. The margin of profit per animal unit is decreas-

ing. Hence, many of our smaller. less efficient producers

are being farced out of the business. This is a change

for the better — yet the small farmer ie getting hurt.

Efficiency will be more important than ever in 1961.

There is an increasing trend toward specialization.

This is evidenced by the increased interest in the eastern

section at the State in buying teeder calves and feeder pigs

and feeding them for market. Other farmers are increasing

their brood saw and brood cow'herds to supply pigs and

calves to meet this demand.

Increased emphasis an producticn testing fits right

into the scheme of things when efficiency is stressed. A

great deal of time and eftbrt will he devoted to expanding

the production testing of beef cattle and swine.

These programs are being promoted to help develoP

superior strains of breeding animals with better per~

tarmsnce - i.e.. better anthering ability. better rate of

gain. better teed efficiency. and better carcass quality.

The increase in size of both swine and beef enter-

prises will require Extension Specialists to work with

County Agricultural Agents end farmers in planning the

type and size of unit which would best fit each term.

Assistance wuuld be given in planning a sound program at

operation. proper housing. pasture. buildings. and equip-

ment. Sound management. sanitation. and disease and

parasite control will he stressed.

Sheep‘heve continued tc make slow but steady progress.

The tendency here is the exact reverse of the trend in beef

cattle and swine. Mbst of the sheep expansion hes been in

small flocks of breeding ewes added to farms in the piedmont

and mountain sections. Improvemcnt in lamb crop and a more

effective parasite control program will be emphasized in

1961.

Marketing will continue to take a great deal of the

Specialists' time. Expansion in beef. sheep and swine

breeding herds have stimulated the demand for better breeding

stock. The increased emphasis on quality and production

tested breeding stock have also helped create this deman .

Both commercial and purebred breeders are working to improve

their animals. Assistance will be given in culling and

replacing with better breeding stodk.

Feeder pig sales. feeder calf sales, lamb pools. wool

pools. and fat cattle sales will be used to provide better

markets tor our livsstock and livestock products.

After working to get a quality product produced and

marketed, consumer education work will be done on proper

selection and preparation of meats. Demonstrations on

cutting, curing and storage will also be used as an

educational tool. Increased emphasis will be placed on

working with freezer locker plants and packing plants to

improve buying, processing, and storage of meats.

This will ha a yuar oz dhanga for our livcutock

farncru. drawing pains. :pccialization. «aphasia on

quality, law prefit margin. and production tasting --

all pruning to kncp our intact: on thair toot. The

progressive can: wall mast thc dhallongo ~- othars will

not. It 1: in. duty and xcsponnibility of Extonnion

specialist: to halp Barth Carolina tarnnra heap upwtou

data in that: mathods and tcdhnology. WU must not tail

than.

II. §§§£ QQSTLE:

A. ggoodigg

Tho major hoot onttlo problem confronting the

broodors in 1961 will he that of increasing tho

levels of qnality and porformanco. Animala math

tho gonotic makouup to produce more pounds of

economical doairablo moat in a Shortor period of

time must be idontitiod. savod und nood to:

brooding. ‘With tho great increase in coopotition

tram other moot producing animals. fowl: and fishes:

hoot animals must ho bred to do a more efficient

and faster Job of convorting roughage and food gains

into quality moat. The best tool available at thin

timo to solve this problem is a noloction program

based on porfotomnco tasting; Evory otfott will

be mods to familiarize tho County Agricultural

haunts and producers in all countioo with this

program and its applications. At least one donon~

stration herd will he sotup in each of tho hoot

producing counties. Domonstrationo on culling.

using performance rocords will be givon in counties

where records are available. The entire program

will be stressed in county work conferences and

statewwide educational programs. The reaulta will

be a more profitable and enlarged beef cattle

enterprise for our State.

Feeding

north Carolina being basically a row—crap state,

it has a large supply of pasture, roughage and field

gleaninge. North Carolina also has over two million

acres which are classified an idle or unimproved

pasture.

Our main feeding problem in that of getting the

maxium uae of pasture, silage and rowbcroP by-products

such as roughage and field gleanings.

Emphases will be put on buying cattle to fit '*

the individual farm and the amount and quality of

feed available. The possibility of producing more

stocker cattle for spring sale will be outlined. The

use of grain and grass method of finishing cattle

'will be stressed. Information on recommended feed

additives and hormones Which increase the efficiency

of feed utilization will be made available to all

C.

producers.

Educational material will he turnidhed County

Agricultural Agent: and publidhod through mass media.

Hathad and result damomntrationn will he conductcd.

County programl*will bu outlinod in County markers

Canturcncos.

The maximum nut of rawwcrop hy-ptoducts, pasture

and silage along with fined additives in a rccoumnndcd

faoding qystam'will rosult in nor. cattlo being fed

with a larger pxotit.

W

Th. problems in thin are: arc controlled brooding,

distant and partuita contgol. rncord keeping and

failure to castrate and ddhorn.

Controllod braiding and record knaping will be

a raqniramant in tho partcrmancc tasting program:

thnrefora. mmch attaution wall be givun to this area.

9133330 and parasita central. castrating and anhorning

dnmonntrations will be featured at all field day: and

educational mattingn. Thuir value will be strosaed

in ncws articlaa. India and T. V. shown.

Hothod dcmnmstrations will he prepared and

D.

presentad with special emphasis this year going

to internal parasitcs.'

Th» rasults tram managemnnt impravamunts arc

much taster than ingravcmnnt tram branding but thay

arc of a tampexary nature while inprovcnont tram

hraading is more pcrmnnnnt. Rslultl in this arc:

will be reflected by more healthier. heavier, highar

quality calves to: our fundcr cal! mnrkct and mare

satiaticd praducars.

W

Th: big problum in marketing is gutting nutticiont

volumn to increase competition and mafia tha use a:

impravc marketing flatbed: possible. To accamplidh

this. cougarativo tales tar both 1006:: and fat

cattle will be usod to domntratc the affect of

voluma and uniformity in qnllity.

In marketing problem: Extfinsian spacinliuts will

coeparate with the Collegn Markating Section. the

north Caroliéa Departmnnt at Agriculture. the north

Catalin: Cattlemnn'a Alseciatiap. Livestock Auction:

and aunt Packers in the stats.

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COUNTIES REQUESTING BEEF CATTLE WORK

_ O

10..

III. SHEEP:

A. Brood

Tho two major problems in the field of Ihoop

production are getting out: that will brood at the

proper tin. and at the damn tin. increase tho lovol

of portormanoo. Animals with the genetic nako~up

to broad during hot wonthor and also produce nor.

pound: of economical doliroblo moat in a shorter

poriod or time must ho idontifiod. and uuod for

breeding.

Educational mootinga. field day: and mass modia

will he uuod to utrol: the advantage: of having lambs

born so a: to take advantage of the cooler growing

season and higher prices on curly markot.

Individual flock ownorl‘will be oncouragod to

koop rocordo and cull flock: according to production

records. This program can be evaluated by a study

of the tins, weight and grade of lamb: moving to

markot.

W

The problem: to he worked on this year‘will he

hoadod by wintor feeding of the own: and creep

C.

11.

feeding of lambs. . §

Information on tho value of providing winter ‘ §

grazing for the owns and creep for the lambs will Ԥ

ho furniihed to all County Agricultural Agents and g

mods public through mass media. I

Farm flock result demonstrations. county

planning meetings. field days and personal contact

will be used to publicize the advantage of a sound

feeding program.

fléfléflfiflfiflE

Problems receiving attention will he culling

oven on basis of production. parasite control and

docking and cantrating.

The problem of keeping low or non-producing

own: will be given special attontion. Simple

production records will ho encouraged and their

use will be demonstrated in every way poasiblo.

Parasites continue to be a major problom in ihoop

production. Mothod and roault demonstrations to

illustrata the approved practices for eradication

and control will be givon in the larger Sheep

D.

12.

producing countios. Special dumonntration using

roulana to control parasitcs will be uscd in one or

more counties this year. Early docking and castrat»

ing will also receive attention. Thea. subject:

will receive major attention at all educatianul

meetings. field days, tours. and through the use

of mass madia.

Assistanca will be available to all county

persannal in conducting demcnatrations in cadh of

the problem areas. The economics of the adaption

of thcse will be strossed in all county confcronces.

fiald days and educational meetings.

The results can be observed in the records of

the lamb pool: as reflected in number, grads and

might .

W

Volume and quality of both lambs and wool are

the main marketing prablam.

Demanltration on Shearing, tieing and storing

wool for market will be stressed at county dhear~

ing sdhools. 4-H Sheep shearing contests, field

days, tours and T. V. programs. A series of lamb

pools will be achaduled far all producing areas I0

13.

as to take advantage of v¢1uma in marketing the

lambs. The lambs will b0 grandad and sold accbrding

to grade to encourage the improvgmant of quality.

Improvemant in quality of lambs and wool

will rofleet the success at the program.

.A‘

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<3

COUNTIES REQUESTING SHEEP WORK

'9‘!

IV.

A.

15.

3

W

The major emphaeie in ewine breeding at the preeent

time ie the development of meetwtype hoge. A greet deal

of eegheeie will be placed on the meet-type certification

program which is being promoted by all of the major

purebred swine eeeociatione.

A twine evaluation station should begin operating

in 1961. Feed convereion, rate of gain. end cerceee

quality of breeding animals will be neaeured by this

etetion in an effort to eelect more efficient breeding

eninele*with more deeireble cerceeeee.

Plane are being made to do additional on-the~£emn

production testing. weighing and beckfet probing of

gilte and boars will be need with both purebred and

commercial breedere to aid in eelecting neetier

breeding animals with better retee of gain. Commercial

breeders will be encouraged to use beers from certified

littere or certified matings. Efforts will be nede to

make both the purebred and commercial breeder aware

that twice as much progress can be made in improving

the quality or ewine it proper eelection is need in

selecting breeding gilte am well as boere.

160

continued emphasis will be placed on quality

feeder pig production. Additional effort: will ha

and: to inform actuation wants and farms of prep-r

typo breeding animals. bit cyst“ of crosshrcodinq.

and branding technique: which will tumult in the

greatut number of high quality pigs .

Multiplc fax-raving will b. meow-aged my the

larger breeder: so that better use will b. and. of

facilities and labor resulting in a lower pig cost.

This would help aunt. a constant supply of tender

pig: for farmers who buy pigs to feed to what might.

Grading damnatrnticns and 1371): Conference. will

be held to further acquaint Wcial and purebred

broader: with the type a: hog which is host dnsirahlc

on today ' a markct.

w

Trmndouc progrcu has been made in the lat

five years in getting swine producers tc food a

balanced raticn . Intense oducatiwal efforts by

minim: Workers. feed companies. and far: publication:

hum Ma most farmer: award of tho advantages of

feeding a balanced ration.

17.

Host of the work in feeding this year null be to

intomn Extenaion Agents and farmers of the most

economical ways to feed hogs. since teed represents

approximately 80%.of the total cost of production. any

major reduction in production cost will have to be

accomplished by reducing feed costs. Efficiency will

be stressed. Farmers will be encouraged to feed

adequate protein. but not too anon. Utilization of

as anon hon-«grown feed as possible will also be

stressed as a means of cutting the cost of production.

Pasture will be recommended for all breeding

animals for producing cheaper pigs. It will also be

recommended for market hogs if the land would not be

more productive {or other purposes. Pasture will

definitely save concentrates and cut teed costs.

Pasture still has a place in our feeding program.

The feeding of hogs on concrete has made the need

for a balanced ration critical. This is especially

true insofar as protein. vitamins, and minerals are

concerned. Trace minerals must he provided for hogs

fed on concrete it they are to do well. Anemia in

baby pigs caused by iron deficiency is a good example

C.

18.

of this. More emphasis will he placed on informing

Extension Agents and farmers of the importance of a

completely balanced ration, i.e., adequate T.D.N..

digestible protein. vitamins, and minerale.

Emphasis will be placed on feeding saw: and gilt:

to produce large litters of big, healthy pigs with

better livability. These pigs ehould be creep-fed

and should weigh at least 40 pounds at eight weeks.

They should reach market weight in 5% months on 350

pounds feed per cwt. gain it proper breeding and

feeding practices are followed.

Feeding demonstrations on pasture and on concrete

will be conducted in cooperation with County Agri—

cultural Agents to show farmers the merits and costs

of production under both systems.

Herd Management

Efficiency will also he the keynote in herd

management. The program will he; get more pige, save

more pigs. and grow more pigs .. all for less cost.

These points will he brought to the producer through

field days. tours. educational meetings, news releases,

televieion. radio. and on—the*farm demonstrations.

19.

Mali: will he placod on din”. and parasite control

and a good housing program.

A good mitotion program will also be stressed

sine. it in tho key to a cuccusi’ul dinn- md parasito

control program. Rotation of puturon. diainfocting.

knowing houses, and temporary grazing will be

advocitod.

A statewide discus control program has been

developed and will be promoted. It is as follow"

1 . Itolato all addition: to tho hard for 21 days.

2. Text all brooding animals hetero adding to the

hard for Bang ' s and Lapto. if hog. have not

boon teltod.

3. Blood test all lax-«dips animals whim program

is initiated.

4. Vaccinato pigs at 6 week: of ago for Cholera.

wing modified virus with ample «rum. Also

vaccinate for Erysipolu it it is manifest

on the farm or in the area.

5. Ro—vaocinato gilt: thtoo work: before brooding

for Cholera and Lopto.

20.

6 . Veccinate all breeding animals yearly for

chalet: end Lopto.

A greet deal at enphuie will be placed on

housing. With the trend toward larger unite and me

specialization there in a greater need for better

houeing. Polwtype. central ten-owing houses will be

recmended u a good, ecmicel type of housing.

County Agricultural Agents and tenure will be

edvieed on fitting the wine enterprise to the term.

The fame will be advised to make their wine unit

ea large an lend. labor. feed. and capitel will

permit. This will renult in me efficiency. and

better use of labor and facilities. hence. a lower

cost at production.

W

rem-ere are finally beginning to heed outlook

information on whet conditione. This is evident

became they are doing a hettar jab of adjusting

their swine enterprise! as market «auditions very .

Hence. mice fluctuatiane have not been as severe as

had been predicted.

Primarily.» our work in in getting a better

product to market . Thin start: with pamper meta-type

21.

breeding animals. Proper feeding to a daairahle

market weight also must ha stressed. Meat~type huge

are worth from $1.00 to $3.00 more per head at market‘

weight than fat hogs. Thoy cost no more to pxoduco.

They anoourage the consumar to buy more pork. Nb

must encourage more moatatype hogs.

Farmers will he encouraged to produce moat-type

hogs and market then on a gradad haeia.

multiple fattening ie being encouraged among

larger producere to make better uee~o£ labor ano

tacilitiee. Thie reduces cost of production and also

providee a more unifonm supply of hoge for out peckars.

Aeeietanoe will be given in the marketing of

quality feeder pigs. Earth Carolina already leads

the South in this field and efforte will be nade to

stay ahead. Alaietanoe will be given Agricultural

workers. auction market operators. and other

intereeted parties in marketing qnality feeder pigs

through existing sales or hy organising new ealee.

Additional efforts will be devoted to organizing

oooperativo ehipmente of pig: to contract buyers.

Educational meetings. grading demonstrations.

22.

and ethni- camanicatim mama will be used to help

solve marketing problm ..

Outlook information will be aupp‘lied farms

and Extension Agents to keep that informed an market

trends and cutlmk.

Purebred breedsrs will be assisted in conduct-

ing purahrod males. Wain}. breeders will be

assisted in locating good purebred boars.

W

1. County Agricultural Agents in aach county will

ha «waged to develop a long ranga swine

program for his county. Office conference: will

be held with the County Agricultural Agent and

him Assistants in swine producing cwntiu. An

outline of swine work which would be timely will

ha wasmtad. Assistance will be given in

formulating a County Swine Program.

2. field Bays at damnation. and on film to

teach the boat mthoéls of wins production.

3 . mp0 Conform» arc bung- planned to «mutt-at.

that best. type 0! bags to grow.

7.

23.

Grading damanstratlans with packart. market

opcratora. ana County Agricultural haunts.

“ark with markets and packera to improva marknt

facilities.

wark with Paxm.anfl Hun: Dcvnlogment fanilici and

uncourage hog pmofinctian whatever practical.

swine touxa with Exzcnaion haunt: and farunru.

Radia. telaviuon. news articles. and circular

latters will ho natal}

Requests by County Agricultural Manta for

assistance with twins wark in their county will

be filled insofar an possible.

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N ORTH CA. I<01, J NA

COUNTIES REQUESTING SWINE WORK

“’8

31.

W- W:

A. £5!!E.EEQJ£SE£

Th3 favorable maxkot prices and strong local

civic and hmnlnnsg auppert of 1960 coupled with

loan: £006.: prices this fall ihould cause an

incraana in the nnmbar of calves in thn 1961 thawu.

lath fin. outlook for lunar pricns in 1961 tho anjar

prohlfimn will be reducing 1:06 coats and increasing

ottlalonqy.

nations unlng ham: grown armln will he recomnand~

ad to all Agcnt£ and Club numbers. Th0 lmwortanco

of roughaga. salt. mineral; and.water in tha ration

will b. strained in all mactlngs and personal

cantactl. Moro cmfihasis will be placed on sound

managunant.

Thu reaultl of thin work will ha reflected on

the short run by tho {and cost per pound or gain

and on the long run by the number of fathers.

nnlghhutt and graduatod 4~H number: including

cattle feeding in final: farmmng oparatian.

m2

Projects in this field includn fat as wall as

bracdlng flocks; The main problem of tho tat lamb

C.

32.

projects is the number of projects is not large

enough to have a good show and sale. ‘With the

brooding flocks tho problams are about the same as

tho adult program. This year brooding. feeding and

management will be stresssd in tho same manner as

for adult farmsrs.

More emphasis will be put on the shows and sales

to increase interest. Fitting and showing demonstra-

tions will be put on in counties with lamb projects.

Agents and Club members will bo furnishod a list of

necessary supplies. Show officials will be

encouraged to put more emphasis and offer larger

prizes on fitting and showing.

swine

Breeding and fattening projects are available

for Club members. The majority of the breeding

projects are in the nature of pig chains. sponsored

by civic. commercial and professional groups. The

market barrow projects are available in all counties

with 25 different county and district shows and sales.

The problems in breeding. feeding, managomcnt

D.

and marketing are handled in the em manner of the

adult program. The big problem to be Waited

in Club work ie eelecting hogs that are of the true

neat type end the right age and weight to he at

their peak at ehow time.

Wtretioos and shout will he need and

educational materiel furniehed on the selection of

breeding stock and pig end market pro}ecte . Select-

ion of whale that are oft-venting: of certified

meet type hours will be stressed.

W

In addition to the Animal projecte. Speculum

will work with Agent'e. Commit)! Lenders. Club

members, Civic Groupe. Industry end other intereeted

in club projeats . Thele projects will include

livestock memetion. livoetock judging teens.

eheep eheering and county hon shows and sales.

The area receiving additional attention in the

next. you: will he the change from school club. to

continuity type clubs .

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POOLUMBUSJ\‘l {/fanu~sw1c.53’

'f jinn.- ' (3COUNTIES» REQUESTING 4-H WORK

“W

35.

1. More officiont units.

(3) Conduct cost studio: on different .izu Outer»

prises to dctonminn optimum size.

(b) notcrminc the aggro. of mochanization that

will give maximum efficiOncy.

2. Horn productive brooding stock.

(a) Expand the prosant onuthaufamn swine testing

program.

(h) Initiate a central swing evaluation Itation.

(c) Expuhd pro-ant onutho-tarm beef cattle tasting

program.

(d)' Encourage commercial moat animal producers to

has. unloctian of inundation animals on

graduation records.

3. Harkuting by grads.

(a) Grading dnmnnstratians.

(h) Organized host. dhcup and twin. salon basad on

grad:

(c) Edncntional wart with fiaxmnru. buyers and

processors.

36.

4. Diuoalo and parasite control.

(a) Deannatrationn and field days.

(b) Encourage {armors to adopt a diuoaso and

parauite control program.

5. Rnowlodgo of animal nutrition.

(a) Domomstrationa.

(b) Conferences and fiold days.

(a) An oducutionnl program for agricultural

woxkcrs. farmnrn and food aorvicc parsonnol.

6. Moro and hotter rocordn

(a) Educate formats as to the valuo and use of

tuna records.

(b) Dononstratioms using production records as a

basin for aoloction and culling.