Notable Women in Biology 

1. Alice M. Boring   (1883-1955) EE. UU.

2. Allessandra Gillani

3. Anita B. Roberts

4. Annie J. Easley

5. Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) EE. UU.

6. Beatrix Potter (1866-1943)7. Charlotte Auerbach

8. Christine Christiane Nusslein-Volhard 9. Diane Fossey

10. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin

11. Elizabeth (Liz) Helen Blackburn(1948) Australia

12. Estella Eleanor Carothers (1883-1957)

13. Ethel Nicholson Browne Harvey  (1985-1965) EE. UU.

14. Florence Sabin (1871 - 1953)

15. Frieda Cobb  (1889-1977) EE. UU.

16. Gertrude B. Elien

17. Gerty Theresa Cori

18. Grace Murray Hooper

19. Henrietta Swan Leavitt

20. Helen Brooke Taussig (1898-1986)21. Irene Joliot Curie

22. Jane Goodall

23. Jocelyn Bell Burnell

24. Käte Pariser (1893-1953) Alemania y España

25. Linda B. Buck

26. Lynn Margulis (1938) EE. UU.

27. Libbie H. Hyman

28. Lydia Villa-Komaroff (1947 - )

29. Lise Meitner

30. Martha Cowles Chase (1927 –2003)31. Mary Treat (1830-1923) EE. UU

32. Maximina Monzón Mayor; España

33. Maria Goeppert Mayer

34. Mary Anning (1799 – 1847)

35. Nadezhda Nikolaevna Ladygina

36. Nicole C. Karafyllis

37. Nettie Maria Stevens (1861 - 1912)38. Tuneko Okazaki (1933) Japón

39. Rachel Carson (1907–1964)

40. Rachel Zimmerman

41. Rita Levi Montalcini (P. Nobel 1986)

42. Rosalind Elsie Franklin

43. Rosalyn Sussman Yalow  (July 19, 1921–May 30, 2011)

44. Ruth Dixon Turner (1914-2000)45. Trotula of Salerno (1110 - 1160)

46. Virginia Apgar (1909 - 1974)

Alice Middleton Boring (1883-1955)

A. M. Boring estudió en el Bryn Mawr College, donde terminó sus estudios de

graduado en 1905 y el doctorado en 1910. Fue alumna de T. H. Morgan entre

1902-1904, y publicó con él como coautora el primero de sus 36 trabajos.

Desde 1905 investigó en colaboración con Nettie Maria Stevens, quien sugirió

el tema de su tesis: "Espermatogénesis en diversos órdenes de Insectos, con

referencia al cromosoma accesorio y los heterocromosomas". En un artículo

publicado en 1910, Stevens se refería a Alice M. Boring con las siguientes

palabras: "La literatura sobre los heterocromosomas en otros órdenes de

insectos ha sido recientemente discutida tan profundamente en un escrito de A.

M. Boring (1907) que no parece necesario entrar aquí exhaustivamente en este

tema". En 1908-9 estudió junto a Stevens en la universidad de Würzburg,

teniendo como profesor a Theodor Boveri. También realizó una estancia en la

Estación Zoológica de Nápoles.

Allessandra Gillani

This atomist as well as surgeon was born in 1307. It was while she was working

with Mondino de Luzzi, as an assistant that she specialized in dissections for

research and development. She is the scientist who introduced the technique

which involved injecting colored liquids to trace the circulatory system

Anita B. Roberts

Anita B. Roberts was the 49th most acknowledged scientist in the world. She

was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on April 3, 1942. She was a molecular

biologist who discovered the protein TGF-Beta. The protein that she discovered

plays an important role in healing wounds as well as fractures. It also plays a

dual role of blocking and stimulating cancers.

Anne McLaren (1927-2007)

Anne McLaren made fundamental advances in developmental genetics and

lead the way for the development of in vitro fertilization. She also

contributed to initial discussions on the fraught ethical issues that

surrounded IVF. As a researcher in London she worked with mice, studying

the effects of super ovulation on fertility. She produced the first litter of mice

grown from eggs that had developed in tissue culture and then been

transferred to a surrogate mother, paving the way for embryo transfer in

human IVF. Her work also contributed towards the development of new

contraceptive methods for women. For her contributions to science, we was

made a Fellow-Commoner of Christ's College, Cambridge and an officer of

the Royal Society.

Annie J. Easley

Born on 23 April, 1933 in Birmingham, Alabama, Annie J. Easley is an African

American scientist who was employed by the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration’s Lewis Research Center as well as its predecessor agency. This

computer scientist was a very important member of the team which created the

software for the Centaur rocket stage.

Beatrix Potter (1866-1943)

Best known for her Peter Rabbit series of children’s books, was interested in

nature but was rejected as a student at the Royal Botanical Gardens

because she was a woman. However, she observed and drew numerous

species, particularly fungi, and was first people to hypothesize that lichens

were actually a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae. She

recorded her observations in exquisite paintings and became respectfully

reputed as a mycologist. Her work on the germination of spores was

rejected to the Linnaen Society and The Royal Society primarily due to her

gender.

Barbara McClintock (1902 – 1992)

Barbara is considered as the one of the greatest biologists of the twentieth

century. Her research focused on color mosaicism in maize during the

1940s. She is responsible for producing the first genetic map for maize. She

also discovered the transposons, mobile genetic elements that tend to move

between locations in the genome, for which she was awarded the Nobel

Prize in 1983. She was also responsible for demonstration of different basic

genetic phenomena including meiotic crossing over and elaborated on the

roles of centromeres and telomeres

Barbara McClintock was born on 16 June 1902 and was an American scientist

who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1983 for her work in Physiology or

Medicine. She was also one of the world’s most recognized and respected

cytogeneticists. Barbara McClintock was the person who led the development of

the maize cytogenetics and studied the changes that the chromosomes present

in maize underwent during reproduction. It was in the 1940’s and 1950’s that

Barbara McClintock discovered transposition. She used this process to show

how genes are responsible for the presence or absence of physical

characteristics. 

Charlotte Auerbach (1899 – 1994)

Charlotte Auerbach, a German zoologist and geneticist, attained recognition

when she discovered the mutations that mustard gas could cause in fruit

flies. Her approach was biological rather than chemical in that, while she

acknowledged that mutation took place in the chemistry of the gene, she

adhered to the idea that it was the biological interaction that gave the

process its complexity. Her work formed the basis for the science

of mutagenesis. She was awarded the Royal Society Darwin Medal in 1977

and she also wrote a book of fairy stories under the pen name of Charlotte

Austen. 

Charlotte Auerbach was born in May 1899 in Germany and attained recognition

when she discovered the mutations that mustard gas could cause in fruit flies.

She worked on this discovery with J. M. Robson and A. J. Clark and this work

formed the basis for the science of mutagenesis. She was awarded the Royal

Society Darwin Medal in 1977 and she also wrote a book of fairy stories under

the pen name of Charlotte Austen. 

Christiane Nusslein Volhard (1942 - )

Christiane Nusslein Volhard worked on identifying and characterizing

genetic control in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster (common

fruit fly). Her discovery of many transcription factors, including those

including the homeobox proteins, was pivotal in understanding the molecular

mechanisms underlying embryonic development and continues to have

applications far outside the fruit fly. She was awarded the Albert Lasker

Award for Basic Medical Research in 1991 and the Nobel Prize in

Physiology or Medicine in 1995.

Born on 20 October, 1942 in Magdeburg, Christine Nusslein-Volhard is a

German Biologist who carried out a successful research in mutagenesis in order

to show the embryonic development in fruit flies. It was in 1991 that she was

awarded the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research. It was 4 years

later that she won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Edward

B. Lewis and Eric Wieschaus for the research they had conducted on the

genetic control of embryonic development.

She was born in 1942 and was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine which she

shared with Edward Lewis and Eric Wieschaus for her work on the genetic

control of the embryonic development.

Dian Fossey (1932 - 1985)

Was originally an occupational therapist, until she met Louis Leakey. In

1966, through him, she began long-term research on mountain gorillas, first

in Zaire and then in Rwanda. She strongly supported active conservation

through anti-poaching patrols and preservation of natural habitat. She was

brutally murdered in the bedroom of her cabin in 1985, felled by a blow to

the head from a poacher's weapon that she kept as a souvenir. The

perpetrator has never been found but there is speculation that it was either

poachers in a revenge killing or an effort to prevent her disrupting profitable

plans for tourism.

Diane Fossey was born on 16 January 1932 in California. She was an American

Zoologist who spent 18 years in Rwanda completing an extensive study of

gorilla groups. It was the famous paleontologist Louis Leakey who initially

encouraged Diane Fossey to work in the mountain forests of Rwanda.

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin

Born on 12 May 1910, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin was a British Chemist who

was attributed with the discovery of protein crystallography. She was awarded

the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her most influential discoveries which include

the determination of the structure of Vitamin B12 and Penicillin. This scientist

was known as one of the first scientists who worked in the field of X-Ray

crystallography studies of natural molecules.

Elizabeth (Liz) Helen Blackburn (1948 - )

Elizabeth Blackburn was born in 1948 in the region of Hobart, Tasmania is a

biologist at the University of California. She is known for her study of the

telomere which is a structure at the end of a chromosome that is responsible

for protecting the chromosome. Blackburn also discovered telomerase, the

enzyme that replenishes the ends of chromosomes, a discovery for which

she received a Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2009.

Ethel Nicholson Browne Harvey (1885- 1965)

Doctora en medicina por la universidad de Columbia (N. Y.) en 1913. Realizó

su doctorado bajo la dirección del biólogo E. B. Wilson, presentando una tesis

titulada "Un estudio de las células germinales masculinas de Notonecta".

Además de sus estudios de los cromosomas sexuales, Browne llevó a cabo

investigaciones en embriología, consiguiendo el desarrollo de huevos

enucleados de erizo de mar mediante partenogénesis artificial.

Estella Eleanor Carothers (1883-1957)

E. Eleanor Carothers an American biologist was born in 1883 and is known

for demonstration of an independent chromosome assortment. Working

mostly on grasshopper cytology and physiology, she taught at the University

of Pennsylvania from 1913-1933, and then continued her groundbreaking

genetics research at the University of Iowa.

Florence Sabin (1871 - 1953)

Florence Sabin has been called the "first lady of American science". She

studied the lymphatic and immune systems. She was the first female full

professor at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. She was an advocate for

women's rights and higher education.

Frieda Cobb (Blanchard) (1889-1977). Frieda Cobb fue una de las primeras genetistas norteamericanas. Realizó

investigaciones sobre herencia mendeliana y mutaciones en plantas y reptiles

entre 1916 y 1956, un momento en que se establecían las bases de la genética

cromosómica. Además de realizar y publicar sus propias investigaciones, fue la

principal ayudante y colaboradora de tres científicos relevantes: Nathan Cobb

(su padre), Harley Bartlett (su director en la universidad de Michigan) y Frank

Blanchard (su marido). Otro de los éxitos más relevantes de esta excepcional

científica fue el de combinar su trabajo con el cuidado de sus tres hijos, que

tenían 8, 10 y 12 años cuando se quedó viuda; los tres realizarían también

estudios en biología y geología.

Gertrude Bell Elion (1918 - 1999)

Known for: Gertrude Elion is known for discovering many medications,

including medications for HIV/AIDS, herpes, immunity disorders, and

leukemia. She and her colleague George H. Hitchings were awarded the

Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine in 1988.

Born in 1918, Gertrude B. Elien was an American pharmacologist and

biochemist who is well known for the contribution she made in cancer research.

She discovered many drugs to fight cancer. It was in 1988 that she received the

Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology which was later followed by the National

Medal of Science in 1991 as well as the Lemelson-MIT lifetime achievement

award

Grace Murray Hooper

Grace Murray Hooper was born on 9 December, 1906. She was an American

computer scientist as well as a United States Naval Officer. It was Grace

Murray Hopper who created the first compiler for a computer programming

language. Apart from this she was also one of the first programmers of the

Harvard Mark I calculator. It was because of her rank in the Navy as well as the

extent of her accomplishments that Grace Murray Hooper was sometimes

called "Amazing Grace."

Gerty Theresa Cori

Gerty Theresa Cori was born on 15 August 1896 in Prague, which is now in the

Czech Republic. She was an American biochemist who received the Nobel

Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with her husband and Argentine

Physiologist Bernardo Houssay. This ceremony took place in the year 1947.

The Nobel Prize was awarded to them because of their discovery of glycogen

and the process of how it is broken down and then resynthesized in the body to

be used as a store as well as a source that provides energy.

Helen Brooke Taussig (1898 – 1986)

Helen Taussig was a cardiologist who was the first specialist in pediatric

cardiology. She discovered the cause of Tetrology of Fallot (also known as

called "blue babies") and developed with colleagues a medical shunt, the

Blalock-Taussig shunt, to correct the condition. In 1964, Dr. Taussig

received the Medal of Freedom from then President Lyndon Johnson, and in

1965 she was crowned the first female president of the American Heart

Association.

Así, en 1823, con una carta de recomendación de Walter Bradford Cannon

(1871-1945), comenzó sus estudios de medicina que concluyó en 1927. Esto

coincidió con una pérdida de audición, lo que le obligó a aprender a leer los

labios de sus interlocutores. Quiso especializarse en cardiología pediátrica y

llegó a desarrollar la habilidad para percibir el murmullo cardíaco con las puntas

de los dedos. Hizo la residencia en la clínica pediátrica de la John Hopkins, que

entonces dirigía Edwards A. Park. En 1930 éste le ofreció que dirigiera la

clínica.

Helen Flanders Dunbar

Born on 14 May 1902, Helen Flanders Dunbar or Flanders Dunbar, as she was

later known was an important figure in Physiology as well as U.S

psychosomatic medicine. Apart from this she was also a supporter of the clergy

as well as physicians who put in great efforts to care for the sick.

Irene Joliot Curie

The daughter of Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, Irene Joliot Curie was born on 12

September 1897. She was a French scientist who along with her husband;

Frederic Joliot was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1935. The award

was given to them for their discovery of artificial radioactivity. All the Nobel

Prizes awarded to the Curies makes them the family with the most Nobel

laureates till date.

Jane Goodall (1934 - )

Is best known for her studies of the chimpanzees at the Gombe Stream

Game Reserve on Lake Tanzania. She discovered that they are omnivores

and that they use tools. She became a passionate advocate of animal rights

and has become the global leader of efforts to protect wild apes and their

habitats. Her unconventional practices, such as giving names to the

chimpanzees she studied, have brought criticism from some scientists,

some of whom resent her high media profile.

Born on 3 April 1934 as Valerie Jane Morris Goodall, Jane Goodall as she is

better known is an English UN Messenger of Peace, an ethologist,

anthropologist as well as a primatologist. She is known the world over for her

study of the social and family interactions of chimpanzees in Tanzania as well

as the founding of the Jane Goodall Institute. One of Jane Goodall’s major

breakthroughs in primatology was the discovery of tool-making among

chimpanzees.

Born on 3 April 1934 as Valerie Jane Morris Goodall, as she is better known is

an English UN Messenger of Peace, an ethologist, anthropologist as well as a

primatologist. She is known the world over for her study of the social and family

interactions of chimpanzees in Tanzania as well as the founding of the Jane

Goodall Institute. One of Jane Goodall’s major breakthroughs in primatology

was the discovery of tool-making among chimpanzees

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Jocelyn Bell Burnell was born Susan Jocelyn Bell on 15 July 1943. She is an

anthropologist who along with her thesis advisor Antony Hewish discovered the

first radio pulsars. The Nobel Prize was then awarded

To Antony Hewish for his work on pulsars. This sparked off a controversy since

Jocelyn Bell Burnell’s name was not mentioned as a co-recipient.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell was born Susan Jocelyn Bell on 15 July 1943. She is an

anthropologist who along with her thesis advisor Antony Hewish discovered the

first radio pulsars. The Nobel Prize was then awarded to Antony Hewish for his

work on pulsars. This sparked off a controversy since Jocelyn Bell Burnell’s

name was not mentioned as a co-recipient.

Henrietta Swan Leavitt

Henrietta Swan Leavitt was born on 4 July, 1868 in Lancaster, Massachusetts.

She was an American astronomer and who worked as a women "computer" at

the Harvard College Observatory. It was when she was recording the brightness

of stars that she noted that variable stars follow a pattern, the knowledge of

which proved helpful when measuring distances in the Universe. It was because

of Henrietta Swan Leavitt’s observation and research that we received

information about the many galaxies that existed outside the Milky Way. It was

in her honor that a crater on the Moon was named the Leavitt crater.

Linda B. Buck (1947 - )

Born in Seattle, Washington on 29 January, 1947, Linda B. Buck is an American

biologist who is known for the research she conducted on the olfactory system.

It was in 2004 that she and Richard Flex were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in

Medicine or Physiology for their research on olfactory receptors.

Linda Buck is an American biologist and is best known for her work on the

how pheromones and odors are detected in the nose and interpreted in the

brain. She was the recipient for the Nobel Prize in Medicine for her work on

the olfactory receptors. She was inducted into the National Academy of

Sciences in 2004. Buck was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of

Arts and Sciences in 2008. 

Linda is an American biologist born in 1947 and is best known for her work on

the olfactory system. She was the recipient for the Nobel Prize in Medicine for

her work on the olfactory receptors. She worked on this with Richard Axel.

Linda was born in Seattle and received her B.S in microbiology and psychology

from the University of Washington in 1975. She completed her Ph.D in

immunology from the University of Texas. Her major research interest is in

determining how pheromones and odors are detected within the nose and

interpreted in the brain. She was inducted in the National Academy of Sciences

in 2004. 

Born in Seattle, Washington on 29 January, 1947, Linda B. Buck is an American

biologist who is known for the research she conducted on the olfactory system.

It was in 2004 that she and Richard Flex were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in

Medicine or Physiology for their research on olfactory receptors.

Lise Meitner

Lise Meitner was born on the 7 or 17 November, 1878 into a Jewish family in

Vienna. She was a Swedish physicist who studied nuclear physic and

radioactivity. Lise Meitner was also a part of a team that was responsible for the

discovery of nuclear fission

Lydia Villa-Komaroff (1947 - )

Lydia Villa-Komaroff is known as a pioneer in the field of molecular cloning

and DNA manipulation. Her work as a molecular biologist contributed to

developing insulin from bacteria. She was only the third Mexican American

to be awarded a science Ph.D. and has won many awards and recognition

for her achievements.

Lynn Margulis (1938-2011)

Lynn Margulis is an American biologist. She is best known for her work on

the origin of the eukaryotic organelles which lead to the hypotheses that

mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as intracellular bacteria. She is

also known for her seminal contributions to the endosymbiotic theory and

faced great controversy over her theories.

Marie Curie

Born on 7 November 1867 in Warsaw, Russian Empire, Marie Curie was a

chemist and physicist of Polish upbringing and French citizenship. She was the

first female professor at the University of Paris as well as the only person who

received the Nobel Prize for two different sciences. It was Marie Curie who

discovered the elements radium and polonium.

Maria Goeppert Mayer

Maria Goeppert Mayer was born on 28 June, 1906. She was a German born

American theoretical Physicist. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for

her proposal of the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus. After Marie Curie,

Maria Geoppert Mayer is the second female laureate in physics.

.

Martha Cowles Chase (1927 –2003)

Martha was an American geneticist who, in 1952 worked with Alfred

Hershey to conduct one of the most famous experiments in biology in the

20th century. This experiment was conducted to demonstrate that DNA

rather than protein is the genetic material of life.

Martha was an American geneticist and was born in 1927 in Cleveland Heights

in Ohio. She received her bachelor’s degree in 1950 from the College of

Wooster and her Phd in 1964 from the University of Southern California. In

1952 she worked with Alfred Hershey to conduct one of the most famous

experiments in biology in the 20th century. This experiment was conducted to

demonstrate the genetic properties of the DNA over proteins. She suffered from

dementia during her last years and died in 2003.

Mary Anning (1799 – 1847)

As an 11 year old child, Mary Anning was the first to excavate and describe

a fossil of Ichthyosaurus, a large crocodile-type dinosaur. In addition, she

found long-necked plesiosaurs, a pterodactyl, and hundreds of other fossils

which helped our understanding of the marine world during the Jurassic

Period. Anning became a world-renown leader in paleontology, despite her

lack of education

Nicole C. KarafyllisBorn in 1970 in Germany, Nicole is a philosopher and a biologist of German and

Greek origin. She was the recipient of the doctorate degree from the Tuebingen

University in 1999. She has been working with the Goethe University and in

2007. She has worked in areas of bioethics, philosophy of science and has

developed the theory of biofacticity. 

Nettie Maria Stevens (1861 - 1912)

Nettie Stevens was born in 1861 and was one of the early American

geneticists. She did not start her research until her thirties but completed

her Ph.D. in 1903. She was among the first researchers who described the

chromosomal basis of sex, first in insects and then in humans. One of her

advisors, Thomas Hunt Morgan, claimed she was more of a technician than

a true scientist in her obituary in Science. Her early discoveries laid the

basis for the Morgan’s mapping the first gene locations onto chromosomes

of fruit flies though it was Stevens who introduced fruit flies to Morgan’s lab.

She passed away just prior to accepting a faculty position.

Nettie Stevens was born in 1861 and was one of the early American geneticists.

She was among the first researchers who described the chromosomal basis of

sex. Nettie completed a four year course at Westfield Normal School in

Massachusetts in just two years. She received her B.A from Stanford and

studied marine organisms in Europe. She received her M.A in 1900 and went

on to complete her Ph.D in 1903. She discovered that some species have

different chromosomes within the sexes. She died in 1912 due to breast

cancer. 

Rachel Carson (1907 – 1964)

Rachel Carson an American marine biologist and a science writer is best

known for her book "Silent Spring" where she explored the long term effects

of synthetic pesticides. She Carson initially started working as a biologist

with the U.S Bureau of Fisheries and later on became a known figure and

researcher in that field.

Rosalind Elsie Franklin (1920 - 1958)

Rosalind was a biophysicist whom worked with the infamous Watson and

Crick. She is known for her important contributions to understanding the X-

ray molecular structure determination of DNA, coal, graphite and viruses.

Crick and Watson published their model in Nature on 25 April 1953 in an

article describing the double-helical structure of DNA with only a footnote

acknowledging "having been stimulated by a general knowledge of" Franklin

and Wilkin's 'unpublished' contribution. She was never formerly recognized

for work on DNA structure as she passed away in 1958 while Watson and

Crick collected the Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1962 (Nobels are not

awarded posthumously). After her contribution to DNA work, Rosalind also

worked on polio and tobacco mosaic viruses.

Rosalind was born in Notting Hill, London in 1920 and was a recognized

biophysicist. She is known for her important contributions to understanding the

fine molecular structure of DNA, coal, graphite and viruses. She is also known

for her X-ray diffraction imaging work of DNA. After her contribution to DNA

work Rosalind also worked on polio viruses and tobacco mosaic and died at the

young age of 37 owing to complications following cancer of the ovaries. Rosalind Elsie Franklin

Rosalind Franklin was born on 25 July 1920 in Notting Hill, London. She was an

English biochemist and X-ray crystallographer who contributed immensely to

understanding the structure of viruses, graphite, coal and DNA. Rosalind Elise

Franklin’s most noteworthy contribution was the X-ray diffraction images of

DNA. She also did pioneering work on polio viruses as well as tobacco mosaic.

Rosalyn Yalow (1921 - )

Known for: Rosalyn Yalow developed a technique called radioimmunoassay

(RIA) which allows researchers and technicians to measure biological

substances. She shared the 1977 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine with

her co-workers on this discovery.

Ruth Dixon Turner (1914-2000)

Ruth Turner was a marine biologist and was a renowned expert on teredos,

bivalved mollusks called shipworms, that were responsible for destroying

boats and docks and adversely affecting maritime shipping industry. In

recognition of her accomplishments the U.S. Navy dedicated their book on

"Biodegradation in the Sea" to Professor Turner. At the Woods Hole

Oceanographic Institution, she became the first woman scientist to utilize

the Deep Submergence Research Vehicle ALVIN to study the deep sea.

She held the Alexander Agassiz Professorship at Harvard. She published

more than 200 scientific articles and had an illustrious and successful career

as a marine researcher.

Ruth was a marine biologist and was a renowned expert on terdos and wood

boring bivalve called mollusks that were responsible for destroying boats and

docs and adversely affecting maritime shipping industry. She graduated from

the Bridgewater state college and earned her master’s degree at the Cornell

University and got her Ph.D from Harvard. She specialized in shipworm

research and held the Alexander Agassiz Professorship at Harvard. She was

successful in publishing more than 200 scientific articles and had an illustrious

and successful career as a marine researcher. She died in 2000.

Rachel Zimmerman

It was in the mid-1980’s that a 12 year old girl, Rachel Zimmerman, developed a

software program using Blissymbols to help people who had difficulty

communicating. The program created by her communicates with the help of a

special touch pad. As the symbols are touched by a user, the Blissymbol

Printer, another of Rachel Zimmerman’s creations, translates the symbols into

written in language.

Rita Levi-Montalcini

Born on 22 April 1909, Rita Levi-Montalcini is an Italian neurologist and the

oldest Nobel Prize winner at the age of 99. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in

Physiology or Medicine along with her colleague, Stanley Cohen in the year

1986. This was for their discovery of Nerve Growth Factor.

Tsuneko Okazaki (1933)

Esta bióloga molecular japonesa fue la descubridora de los llamados

“fragmentos de Okazaki” (cadenas cortas que se forman durante la duplicación

del ADN en la llamada “duplicación discontinua”) en los estudios que realizó

junto a su marido Reiji Okazaki en 1968. Estos fragmentos se sintetizan en

dirección 5’→ 3’ pero discontinuamente; después de la eliminación de los

cebadores (RNA), se unen mediante la ADN ligasa.

Trotula of Salerno

Tortula of Salerno was a famous Italian scientist. She was known for the

contribution she made in the fields of gynecology and obstetrics. She not only

wrote books about women’s health but also taught men about it. Apart from this,

Tortula also promoted opiates to dull labor pain. Her major work is "Passionibus

Curandorum" or "The Diseases of Women."

Virginia Apgar (1909 - 1974)

Known for: Virginia Apgar developed the Apgar Newborn Scoring System,

increasing infant survival rates She was pioneer in anesthesiology including

helping to raise the respect for the discipline; she warned that use of some

anesthetics during childbirth negatively affected infants. Virginia Apgar also

helped refocus the March of Dimes organization from polio to birth defects.

Born on 7 June, 1909 in Westfield, New Jersey Virginia, Apgar was an

American physician who was a leader in the fields of teratology and

anesthesiology. She was the scientist who found the field of neonatology and

developed the Apgar Newborn scoring system. This system drastically reduced

the infant mortality rate the world over.

NOMBRE PROCEDENCIA

(UNIVERSIDAD)

ESPECIALIDAD FECHAS DE PUBLICACIONES O CITAS

Mary Treat (1830-1923)*

New York-EE. UU.

 

Entomología y Botánica

1873, 1898

Louise B. Wallace EE. UU. Citogenética 1900, 1905, 1909

Nettie Maria Stevens (1861-1912)*

Vermont-EE. UU

 

Citogenética 1901-1912

Helen Dean King (1869-1955)*

Owego/N.Y.-EE. UU.

 

Genética 1901-1949

Evis Howard Berry EE. UU.

(Columbia)

Citogenética 1906

Alice Middleton Boring (1883-1955)*

EE. UU.

(Peking Union Medical College)

Citogenética 1907, 1909

H. Randolph EE. UU. Citogenética 1908

E. Eleanor Carothers (1883-1957)*

EE. UU.

(Kansas)

Citogenética 1913, 1917, 1926

thel N. Browne Harvey Baltimore-EE. UU. Citogenética 1913, 1916

(1885-1965)*  

Frieda Cobb EE. UU.

(Michigan)

Genética 1921

Paula Hertwig (1889-1983)*

Berlín-Alemania

 

Zoología y Genética 1922

Kate Pariser (1893- ) Alemania Genética  

Jimena Fernández de la Vega (1895-1984)*

Oviedo-España Medicina 1926-1935

Margarita Comas Camps (1892-1973)*

Menorca-España Zoología 1927, 1928

Barbara McClintock (1902-1992)*

Connecticut-EE. UU. Genética 1929

Lysbeth Hamilton Benkert (1903- )

Pittsburgh/Penn.- EE. UU.

(Pennsylvania College for Women)

Zoología y Genética 1934

Alice Marrin Kerrigan EE. UU.

(Boston)

Genética 1934

Bedichek EE. UU.

(Texas)

Citogenética 1934

Anna R. Whiting EE. UU.

(Pennsylvania)

Genética 1939, 1961

Beatrice Mintz

(1921- )*

New York-EE. UU.

 

Fisiología 1946

Margaret A. Graham Canadá

(Ontario)

Citogenética 1953

Mary Frances Lyon (1925- )*

Norwich (Inglaterra)

 

Citogenética 1961

Irene Geyer-Duszyńska Polonia

(Varsovia)

Citogenética 1961

Maria Luiza Beçak Brasil

(Săo Paulo)

Citogenética 1964, 1970

Diana J. Curtis Gran Bretaña

(Sheffield, Inglaterra)

Genética humana 1969

Margery W. Shaw EE. UU.

(Texas)

Citogenética 1969

Barbara J. Attardi EE. UU.

(Duarte-California)

Fisiología 1973

Ursula W. Goodenough EE. UU.

(Harvard)

Citogenética 1975

Florence G. Haseltine EE. UU.

(Yale)

Medicina 1981

Tomado de http://mujeresdeciencias.blogia.com/2006/090803-cientificas-en-biologia-1873-1981-.php