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THE VARIETY OF RESOURCES ON EARTH

ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES

English Melayu

1. The resources on earth exist in three different

forms i.e as elements, compounds and mixtures.

2. generally, matter can be divided into elements,

compounds and mixtures and classified as

follows

1. sumber-sumber Bumi wujud dalam tiga

keadaan yang berbeza iaitu unsure, sebatian

dan campuran

2. Secara amnya jirim boleh dibahagikan kepada

unsure, sebatian dan campuran serta dikelaskan

seperti berikut :

Element

1. An element is a substance which cannot be

split up into simpler substances by any

physical or chemical process

2. An element is the simplest kind of matter

3. An element is a substance made up of one

type of particle only

4. The particles in an element consist of atoms

or molecules of the same type

5. Copper, iron, lead, gold, oxygen, hydrogen,

nitrogen, etc. are examples of elements.

Unsur

1. Unsur adalah bahan yang tidak boleh dipisahkan

kepada bahan yang lebih ringkas oleh sebaran

proses fizik atau kimia

2. Unsur adalah jirim yang paling ringkas

3. Suatu unsur terdiri daripada satu jenis zarah sahaja

4. Zarah-zarah unsur terdiri daripada atom atau

molekul yang sama jenis

5. Kuprum, besi, plumbum, emas, oksigen, hydrogen,

nitrogen dan sebagainya adalah contoh-contoh

unsur

Classification of elements as metals and non-metals

1. Elements can be classified as either metallic

elements or non- metallic elements

2. All metallic elements are solid at room

temperature except for mercury

3. Non-metallic elements can exist in three

state i.e. solid, liquid and gaseous

1. Unsur boleh dibahagikan kepada logam dan bukan

logam

2. Semua unsur logam berada dalam keadaan pepejal

dalam suhu bilik kecuali merkuri

3. Unsur bukan logam boleh wujud dalam tiga

keadaan, iaitu pepejal, cecair dan gas

Metal Non-metal Logam Bukan logam

Matter

Element Compound Mixture

Metal Non-Metal

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A shiny appearance

Hard, malleable and ductile

Conduct heat and electricity

High melting and boilingpoints

The density of metals is high

The tensile strength of metals

is high

A dull appearance

Soft and brittle

Do not conduct heat and

electricity (insulator)

Low melting and boiling points

The density is usually low

The tensile strength is low

Permukaan berkilat

Keras, boleh ditempa dan

mulurMengalirkan haba dan

elektrik

Takat lebur dan takat didihtinggi

Ketumpatan adalah tinggi

Kekuatan regangan adalah

tinggi

Permukaan pudar

Lembut dan rapuh

Tidak mengalirkan haba dan elektrik

(penebat)

Takat lebur dan takat didih rendah

Ketumpatan selalunya rendah

Kekuatan regangan adalah rendah

COMPOUND

1. A compound is a substance that contains two or moreelements chemically combined together

2. The properties of a compound are different from those oftheir constituent elements. A compound becomes on

entirely new substance and the original substances do notkeep their original properties

3. Examples of compounds are iron rust (iron dioxide),

magnesium oxide, carbon dioxide and copper sulphate

4. A compound may be separated into its elements by usingelectricity (a chemical process). For example, when anelectric current passes through a copper chloride solution,the copper chloride breaks up into solid copper and gaseous

chlorine. The process in which this occurs is calledelectrolysis

SEBATIAN

1. Sebatian merupakan bahan yang mengandungi dua atau lebih unsuryang berpadu secara kimia

2. Sifat sebatian berbeza daripada sifat unsur yang membentuknya.

Sebatian menjadi bahan baru dan bahan yang asal tidakmengekalkan ciri yang asal.

3. Contoh-contoh sebatian ialah karat besi ( besi oksida), karbondioksida, dan kuprum sulfat.

4. Sebatian boleh diasingkan kepada unsur-unsurnya denganmenggunakan arus elektrik (proses kimia). Contohnya, bila suatu

arus elektrik mengalir melalui larutan kuprum klorida, sebatiankuprum klorida akan terasing menjadi pepejal kuprum dan gas

klorin. Proses yang berlaku disebut elektrolisis.

Copper chloride copper chlorine

(compound) ( element) (element)

MIXTURE

1. A mixture is a substance that consists of two

or more substances which are not joined

together chemically

2. There is no chemical reaction in the

formation of mixtures

3. The constituents of a mixture keep their own

original properties which are unchanged

4. A mixture may consist of elements,

compound or both. Also the substances I a

mixture may be in solid, liquid or gaseous

state.

CAMPURAN

1. Campuran mengandungi lebih daripada dua atau

bahan yang tidak berpadu secara kimia.

2. Tindak balas kimia tidak berlaku semasa suatu

campuran terbentuk

3. Sifat juzuk-juzuk yang terdapat di dalam suatu

campuran tidak berubah

4. suatu campuran mungkin mengandungi unsur,

sebatian atau kedua-duanya sekali. Suatu

campuran juga boleh wujud dalam keadaan

pepejal, cecair dan gas

+Electrolysis