Note Sheet 17 – Uses of Note Sheet 17 – Uses of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms

What is a What is a microorganism?microorganism? MicroorganismMicroorganism – –

a single-celled a single-celled organism too small organism too small to see without the to see without the use of a use of a microscope microscope

Bacteria and yeast Bacteria and yeast are examples of are examples of microorganisms microorganisms

YeastYeast – a eukaryotic, single-celled fungus – a eukaryotic, single-celled fungus that gets energy by that gets energy by fermentingfermenting sugars into sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide releasing 2 ATP for alcohol and carbon dioxide releasing 2 ATP for cell use cell use

Some bacteria get energy by fermenting sugars Some bacteria get energy by fermenting sugars into lactic acid which releases 2 ATP for cell use into lactic acid which releases 2 ATP for cell use

What are some human uses of What are some human uses of microorganisms?microorganisms?

Humans take advantage of the Humans take advantage of the lactic acidlactic acid or the or the alcohols/carbon dioxidealcohols/carbon dioxide produced in produced in the the fermentationfermentation process that bacteria and process that bacteria and yeast cells performyeast cells perform

What are some human uses of What are some human uses of microorganisms?microorganisms?

LactobacillusLactobacillus bacteria bacteria fermentsferments lactoselactose in in milk into lactic acid – the lactic acid gives milk into lactic acid – the lactic acid gives the milk a sour taste and causes it to the milk a sour taste and causes it to clump together forming clump together forming yogurtyogurt

What are some human uses of What are some human uses of microorganisms?microorganisms?

LactobacillusLactobacillus will ferment will ferment skim milkskim milk into into buttermilkbuttermilk and and creamcream into into sour creamsour cream

What are some human uses of What are some human uses of microorganisms?microorganisms?

Bacteria are used in the production of Bacteria are used in the production of cheesescheeses

EX Swiss cheese is made by adding cultures of the EX Swiss cheese is made by adding cultures of the bacteria bacteria S. thermophilusS. thermophilus, , LactobacillusLactobacillus and and P. P. shermanishermani to warm milk. to warm milk. P. shermani P. shermani consumes consumes the lactic acid excreted by the other types of the lactic acid excreted by the other types of bacteria and, in turn, produces carbon dioxide bacteria and, in turn, produces carbon dioxide forming bubbles.forming bubbles.

What are some human uses of What are some human uses of microorganisms?microorganisms?

Bacteria ferments the sugars in wine to Bacteria ferments the sugars in wine to create create vinegar vinegar

What are some human uses of What are some human uses of microorganisms?microorganisms?

Bacteria ferments the juices of the cucumber Bacteria ferments the juices of the cucumber helping to create the flavors of helping to create the flavors of dill picklesdill pickles

What are some human uses of What are some human uses of microorganisms?microorganisms?

Some bacteria Some bacteria DNADNA has been changed by has been changed by scientists so that the bacteria produce human scientists so that the bacteria produce human substances like substances like insulininsulin and and growth hormonegrowth hormone

What are some human uses of What are some human uses of microorganisms?microorganisms?

Botox is a poison produced by Botox is a poison produced by Clostridium Clostridium botulinum botulinum bacteriabacteria that can kill you – it is used that can kill you – it is used cosmetically to paralyze small muscles around cosmetically to paralyze small muscles around the eyes the eyes preventingpreventing wrinkleswrinkles from forming from forming

What are some human uses of What are some human uses of microorganisms?microorganisms?

Yeast ferments sugars in bread dough creating Yeast ferments sugars in bread dough creating carboncarbon dioxidedioxide gasgas which causes bread to which causes bread to riserise

The holes in the bread are made by bubbles of COThe holes in the bread are made by bubbles of CO22 in the dough in the dough The alcohol produced by the yeast boils away in the ovenThe alcohol produced by the yeast boils away in the oven

Honey Wheat Sandwich Honey Wheat Sandwich BreadBread

Rustic BreadRustic Bread

Italian BreadItalian Bread

French BreadFrench Bread

Ciabatta BreadCiabatta Bread

Plain and Sesame BagelsPlain and Sesame Bagels

Cinnamon Raisin BagelsCinnamon Raisin Bagels

Marble Rye BreadMarble Rye Bread

Casatiello BreadCasatiello Bread

Sourdough BreadSourdough Bread

Pane Siciliano (Sicilian Pane Siciliano (Sicilian Bread)Bread)

Oatmeal BreadOatmeal Bread

PizzaPizza

Pita BreadPita Bread

Soft PretzelsSoft Pretzels

Bretzel (Bavarian Pretzel) Bretzel (Bavarian Pretzel) RollsRolls

Hard Rolls (Kaiser Rolls)Hard Rolls (Kaiser Rolls)

What are some human uses of What are some human uses of microorganisms?microorganisms?

Yeast ferments sugars in grape juice into Yeast ferments sugars in grape juice into ethanolethanol creating creating wine wine

What are some human uses of What are some human uses of microorganisms?microorganisms?

Yeast ferments the sugars from malted grains Yeast ferments the sugars from malted grains into into ethanolethanol during the production of during the production of beerbeer