Notebook #3

Review

1.Name and identify the charge of the two particles in the nucleus

of an atom. -protons-positive charge

-neutrons- neutral charge

2.Name and identify the charge of the particles circling the nucleus.

-electrons-negative charge

3.Using the periodic table, identify the number of protons, number of electrons (in a neutral non-charged atom), atomic mass and how many neutrons for

Barium and Iodine.(Next slide)

Barium=56 protons, 56 electrons, atomic mass of 137, and 81

neutrons

• Iodine=53 protons, 53 electrons, atomic mass of 127, and 74 neutrons

4. Put the electrons in the energy levels for the following Neon, Aluminum, and Boron (a neutral atom).

5.Which one of the atoms above is most stable and why?

• Neon because the outer energy level is full

6. Define the following

• Atom-

• Element-

• Compound-

•pure substance made of one type of atom

combination of 2 or more elements

smallest unit of matter

7.How do atoms combine and why?

• They combine by chemical bonding to become stable

8.Which bond shares to become stable?

• Covalent

9.Which bond takes or gives electrons?

• Ionic

10.Define Hydrogen bond.

• H-atom attaches weakly to a different compound

11.What is called when there is a slight attraction between molecules that are

close?

• Van der Waals Forces

12.For the six main elements of life, identify the acronym and what does each letter stand?

• S- Sulfur

• P-Phosphorus

• O-Oxygen

• N-Nitrogen

• C-Carbon

• H-Hydrogen

13.What element do ALL living things contain?

• Carbon

14.Identify the names from the smallest singular building block to a large molecule,

put them in order.

• monomer

• polymer

• macromolecule

15.In condensation we _________________covalent bonds and

release______ ________. watermakes

16.hydrolysis we _______covalent bonds

and add______ _____ . Break water

17.What are the 4 big macromolecules and briefly describe what their atom

combinations are.

–carbohydrates-C+H+O–Protein-C+H+O+N

–Nucleic Acid-C+H+O+N+P–Lipid-C+H+O (long chain)

18.Using pages 45-47 draw a diagram for EACH of the four

macromolecules.Carbohydrate

Nucleic AcidLipid

19.What is the main function of each of the macromolecules in living

organisms? –Carbohydrates=energy

–Proteins=regulate cells and bone and muscle formation

–Nucleic Acid=heredity information-Lipids=store energy

20.What is the monomer for EACH of the macromolecules?

Carbohydrates=monosaccharide–Protein=amino acids

–Nucleic Acid=nucleotide–Lipid=glycerol and fatty acid

21. What protein can be used to catalyze many reactions, but does

not change itself?

• enzyme

22. What affects enzyme reactions?

• Temperature

• pH

• Ionic conditions

• Amt. of substrate

23.Hydrophobic means_____ ______________, while hydrophilic

means_________ _________.

waterfears

Loves water

24.In a lipid they have 2 different ends, identify what type they are and how they

react to water. • –polar-loves water/hydrophilic

• –nonpolar-doesn’t like water/hydrophobic

25.What are the ingredients in a solution and identify their roles? -solute=substance that disolves

–solvent=liquid that it solute dissolves in

26.What is the “Universal Solvent” that is in an aqueous solution?

• water

27.A polar molecule has uneven/partial charges, what causes this and

what does it create?uneven distribution of electrons–magnetic/electrical attraction

28.What are the 2 attractive forces and what types of substances do they

affect? cohesion=similar particles

–adhesion=different substances

29.Capillarity moves water____ against gravity.

up

30.Acids form ___ions in a solution. H+

31.Bases form ________ions in a solution.

OH-

32.Draw the pH scale and label 0-14. Identify strong acids, weak acids,

neutral, weak bases, and strong bases.