1. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable

South relied on cotton and slaves. Cotton production doubles every 10 years

King Cotton

2. Southern society

3. Facts on Slavery

4. Why did the South fight a war to preserve slavery when ¾ of Southerner’s did not own slaves?

American Dream

Notes 1

6. SOCIAL OUTCRY AGAINST SLAVERYRise of abolitionists----1830 to 1860

William Lloyd GarrisonFrederick DouglassHarriet TubmanHarriet Beecher Stowe

Arguments For slavery Against slavery

Notes 2

5. Did slaves revolt against slavery?Slave revolts Slave codes

1791: 4,000 bales of cotton are produced1849: 2, 246, 900 bales of cotton are produced

6 cents a lb. to 14 cents in 1857Expanded into Arkansas and Texas

Crop increase: 2,500,000 bales in 1850 to 5,300,000 in 1860Crop Value: In 1800, $8 million: In 1860, $250 millionTobacco by 1860 : 200,000,000 lbs. to 430,000,000 lbs.

Cotton Production

The invention which changed

the South, cotton and

slavery.

The invention which changed

the South, cotton and

slavery.

Trial of tears

•Total U.S. population

was 3.5 million…

•700,000 slaves in the U.S. at this

time.

•Still bought slaves

through the slave trade.

Trial of tears

•Total U.S. population was 18

million

•2 million slaves in the U.S. at this time.

•1808, importation of slaves was illegal

•Slave trade within the U.S.

•Increase of slave population was

from natural reproduction

Trial of tears

33 million U.S. population, 4 million slaves in the South

Map Crops in South

COTTON COTTON BELTBELT, Cotton , Cotton

KingdomKingdom

Federal

•Southern society was Southern society was similar to a similar to a Feudal systemFeudal system

that existed in Europe that existed in Europe during the Dark and Middle during the Dark and Middle Ages…..(Ages…..(Manorial System)Manorial System)

•Caste systemCaste system and difficult and difficult to move up the social to move up the social

ladder.ladder.

•Based on white supremacy Based on white supremacy and the slave was inferior.and the slave was inferior.

Plantation Plantation owners owners

AristocracyAristocracyMiddle Middle ClassClassSmall Small

farmersfarmersPoor Poor

WhitesWhitesFree Blacks, 2Free Blacks, 2ndnd class citizens class citizens

Slaves---no rights, considered Slaves---no rights, considered propertyproperty

No No political political or civil or civil rights.rights.

Upper Upper classclass

Owned some Owned some slaves. Achieve slaves. Achieve

American American DreamDream

Owned no Owned no slaves….Hated white slaves….Hated white

upper class…upper class…American American DreamDream

•At the Constitutional Convention At the Constitutional Convention •3/5’s Compromise3/5’s Compromise•1807, imported slaves was abolished in 1807, imported slaves was abolished in the U.S.the U.S.•Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law

•90% of Europe’s cotton came from the 90% of Europe’s cotton came from the South by 1860South by 1860•1/2 of U.S. exports were from cotton1/2 of U.S. exports were from cotton•More money invested in slaves than land More money invested in slaves than land and tools---$2 billionand tools---$2 billion

Facts on Slavery

Picture/Slavery

•More slaves you had the greater social status

•2/3’s of presidents since independence were slaveowners

•Majority of Supreme Court justices were from the South

•More millionaires in the South than the NorthMore millionaires in the South than the North

•75% of the cotton harvest was done by 75% of the cotton harvest was done by plantations with10 or more slaves.plantations with10 or more slaves.

•Slave population grew from natural reproductionSlave population grew from natural reproduction•There was a slave trade within the U.S.There was a slave trade within the U.S.

Facts on slavery

Slaves being Slaves being sold at an sold at an

auction was auction was prevalent prevalent

throughout the throughout the Southern U.S. Southern U.S. right up to the right up to the

Civil War.Civil War.

Picture/Cotton Kingdom

•No political or civil rights to No political or civil rights to protect slavesprotect slaves

•U.S. was the largest slave U.S. was the largest slave institution in the world by institution in the world by

18601860

•U.S. produced 7/8’s of U.S. produced 7/8’s of world’s cotton supplyworld’s cotton supply

•Peculiar Institution, to own Peculiar Institution, to own another human being is another human being is

immoral.immoral.

•Cotton is King/King CottonCotton is King/King Cotton

•South was not willing to South was not willing to changechange

•Always felt isolated and Always felt isolated and threatened from the rest of threatened from the rest of

the U.S.the U.S.

Chart/Total slaves

•Statistically Statistically only 25% of only 25% of

Southern Southern families families

owned slavesowned slaves

•384,000 384,000 Southern Southern families families

owned 1 or owned 1 or more slaves.more slaves.

•75% of 75% of Southern Southern

families did families did not own not own slaves.slaves.

Chart/slave owners

Chart/slave owners

•Out of the 25% of slaveowners, here

is the breakdown of the number of

slaves.

•75% owned 1 to 9 slaves.

•22% owned 10 to 49 owned slaves.

•3% owned 50 or more slaves.

384,000384,000

1860

•Slaves resorted to revolts in the Slaves resorted to revolts in the 13 colonies and later in the 13 colonies and later in the

southern U.S.southern U.S.

• 250 insurrections250 insurrections have been have been documented; between documented; between 1780 and 1780 and

18641864..

•91 African-Americans were 91 African-Americans were convicted of insurrection in convicted of insurrection in

Virginia alone. Virginia alone.

•Gabriel Prosser VA•Denmark Vessey SC

•Nat Turner VASlave Revolts

Slave Revolts

Besides slave revolts, slaves Besides slave revolts, slaves resorted to other ways to resorted to other ways to

revolt…..revolt…..

•Wouldn’t work hard.Wouldn’t work hard.

•Would sabotage equipment or break Would sabotage equipment or break tools.tools.

•Sometimes poisoned their master’s Sometimes poisoned their master’s food.food.

•Tried to escapeTried to escapeSlave Revolts

Slave Revolts would lead Slave Revolts would lead plantation owners to develop a plantation owners to develop a

series of series of slave laws/codesslave laws/codes which which restricted the movement of the restricted the movement of the

slaves.slaves.•Slaves were not taught to read or writeSlaves were not taught to read or write

•Restricted to the plantationRestricted to the plantation•Slaves could not congregate after darkSlaves could not congregate after dark

•Slaves could not possess any type of firearmSlaves could not possess any type of firearm•A larger slave population than white in some A larger slave population than white in some

statesstates

Slave owners wanted to keep Slave owners wanted to keep their slaves ignorant of the their slaves ignorant of the

outside world because learning outside world because learning about life beyond the plantation about life beyond the plantation could lead to more slave revolts could lead to more slave revolts

and wanting to escape.and wanting to escape.

Slave Laws

Chart/Net Earnings

42%

45%

50%

55%

55%

56%

56%

65%

70%

74%5

7%

55% 47%

44%

44%

44%

39%

33%

30%

26%

1%

3%

1%

1%

5%

3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

White Black Free % of White to Black Population in % of White to Black Population in 18601860

Arguments for Slavery

Economically profitable

Slavery was in the Bible

Duty of Southerners to Christianize the slaves, Positive Good

Provided a better life for slaves than in Africa, Positive Good

5th Amendment legalized and protected slavery because slaves were considered property.

•Abolitionists believed slavery was immoral…..Peculiar institution or it is odd, strange or weird to own another human being.

•Abolitionists argued slavery was immoral because it violated the ideals that this country was founded on.

•All men are created equal (DOI)•If the U.S. was to succeed as a democratic society, slavery had to be abolished

Abolitionists

•Gag ruleGag rule was passed in Congress which nothing

concerning slavery could be discussed.

•Under the gag rulegag rule, anti-anti-slavery petitionsslavery petitions were

not read on the floor of Congress

•The rule was renewed in each Congress between

1837 and 1839.

•In 1840 the House passed an even stricter rule, which refused to which refused to accept all anti-slavery accept all anti-slavery

petition.petition. On December 3, 1844, the gag rule was

repealed

Picture/Douglass

Frederick Douglas

•Escaped slave in 1838

•Mother was a slave and father was white

•Great speaker against slavery

•Bought his freedom for $600.00

•Wrote his autobiography, Narrative of the Life of

Frederick Douglass

•Editor of the North Star--Abolitionist paper

•Friends with Garrison

•Organized the 54th Black Regiment of Mass

•Escaped slave in 1838

•Mother was a slave and father was white

•Great speaker against slavery

•Bought his freedom for $600.00

•Wrote his autobiography, Narrative of the Life of

Frederick Douglass

•Editor of the North Star--Abolitionist paper

•Friends with Garrison

•Organized the 54th Black Regiment of Mass

Picture/Tubman

•Harriet Tubman, Moses of her people.•Led over 300 escaped slaves out of the South

during the 1850’s.•$40,000 bounty was placed on her head•Conductor of the Underground Railroad

•Supplied money from abolitionists.

Map/Underground RR

Map/Underground RR

The Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad existed as early as 1786. It was

started by the Quakers and spread through most of the North by 1830.

One estimate places the number of African Americans who escaped

through the Underground Underground RailroadRailroad between 1830 and 1860

at 50,000.

•Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad provided food, shelter, and hiding places to runaway slaves as they escaped to

Canada

•Violated the Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law

•Fugitive Slave Law was made law at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 as a

compromise between the North/South.

•Any escaped slaves captured in the North or free state had to be returned to their plantation

owner.

•Unpopular in the North and led to the creation of the

Underground Railroad.

•Southerners became bitter towards the North because they refused to enforce it.

Picture/Stowe

•Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abolitionist, authored the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin

•Book was used as propaganda to

show the inhumanity of

slavery.

•Southerners were enraged by this

book and called it “lies”.

Picture/Thoreau

•Abolitionist and transcendentalist

•Refused to pay a tax and spent a night in jail because the tax supported a war that was fought for slavery

•Mexican War

•Believer in Civil Disobedience or passive resistance---protest with non-violent actions

•Spent a night in jail over the Mexican War….