1. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable

Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791 South relied on cotton and slaves. Cotton production doubles every 10 years

King Cotton

2. Southern society3. Facts on Slavery

4. Why did the South fight a war to preserve slavery when ¾ of Southerner’s did not own slaves?

American Dream

Notes 1

5. SOCIAL OUTCRY AGAINST SLAVERYRise of abolitionists----1830 to 1860

William Lloyd GarrisonFrederick DouglassHarriet TubmanHarriet Beecher StoweWomen’s Rights Movement---1849

Seneca Falls DeclarationElizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony

Arguments For slavery Against slavery

6. Did slaves revolt against slavery?Slave revolts Slave codes

Notes 2

1791: 4,000 bales of cotton are produced1849: 2, 246, 900 bales of cotton are produced

6 cents a lb. to 14 cents in 1857Expanded into Arkansas and Texas

Crop increase: 2,500,000 bales in 1850 to 5,300,000 in 1860Crop Value: In 1800, $8 million: In 1860, $250 millionTobacco by 1860 : 200,000,000 lbs. to 430,000,000 lbs.

Cotton Production

The invention which changed

the South, cotton and

slavery.

The invention which changed

the South, cotton and

slavery.

Trial of tears

•Total U.S. population

was 3.5 million…

•700,000 slaves in the U.S. at this

time.

•Still bought slaves

through the slave trade.

Trial of tears

•Total U.S. population was 18

million

•2 million slaves in the U.S. at this time.

•1808, importation of slaves was illegal

•Slave trade within the U.S.

•Increase of slave population was

from natural reproduction

Map Crops in South

COTTON COTTON BELTBELT, Cotton , Cotton

KingdomKingdom

Map/Cotton Belt

COTTON BELTCOTTON BELT, Cotton Kingdom, Cotton Kingdom

Federal

•Southern society was Southern society was similar to a similar to a Feudal systemFeudal system

that existed in Europe that existed in Europe during the Dark and Middle during the Dark and Middle Ages…..(Ages…..(Manorial System)Manorial System)

•Caste systemCaste system and difficult and difficult to move up the social to move up the social

ladder.ladder.

•Based on white supremacy Based on white supremacy and the slave was inferior.and the slave was inferior.

Plantation Plantation owners owners

AristocracyAristocracyMiddle Middle ClassClassSmall Small

farmersfarmersPoor Poor

WhitesWhitesFree Blacks, 2Free Blacks, 2ndnd class citizens class citizens

Slaves---no rights, considered Slaves---no rights, considered propertyproperty

No No political political or civil or civil rights.rights.

Upper Upper classclass

Owned some Owned some slaves. Achieve slaves. Achieve

American American DreamDream

Owned no Owned no slaves….Hated white slaves….Hated white

upper class…upper class…American American DreamDream

•At the Constitutional Convention At the Constitutional Convention •3/5’s Compromise3/5’s Compromise•1807, imported slaves was abolished in the U.S.1807, imported slaves was abolished in the U.S.•Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law

•90% of Europe’s cotton came from the South by 186090% of Europe’s cotton came from the South by 1860•1/2 of U.S. exports were from cotton1/2 of U.S. exports were from cotton•More money invested in slaves than land and tools---$2 More money invested in slaves than land and tools---$2 billionbillion Facts on Slavery

Conditions on a slave ship were horrible. This was called the Middle Passage.

Conditions on a slave ship were horrible. This was called the Middle Passage.

Picture/Slavery

•More slaves you had the greater social status

•2/3’s of presidents since independence were slaveowners

•Majority of Supreme Court justices were from the South

•More millionaires in the South than the NorthMore millionaires in the South than the North

•75% of the cotton harvest was done by 75% of the cotton harvest was done by plantations with10 or more slaves.plantations with10 or more slaves.

•Slave population grew from natural reproductionSlave population grew from natural reproduction•There was a slave trade within the U.S.There was a slave trade within the U.S.

Facts on slavery

Slaves being Slaves being sold at an sold at an

auction was auction was prevalent prevalent

throughout the throughout the Southern U.S. Southern U.S. right up to the right up to the

Civil War.Civil War.

Picture/Cotton Kingdom

•No political or civil rights to No political or civil rights to protect slavesprotect slaves

•U.S. was the largest slave U.S. was the largest slave institution in the world by institution in the world by

18601860

•U.S. produced 7/8’s of U.S. produced 7/8’s of world’s cotton supplyworld’s cotton supply

•Peculiar Institution, to own Peculiar Institution, to own another human being is another human being is

immoral.immoral.

•Cotton is King/King CottonCotton is King/King Cotton

•South was not willing to South was not willing to changechange

•Always felt isolated and Always felt isolated and threatened from the rest of threatened from the rest of

the U.S.the U.S.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1 2+ 5+ 10+ 20+ 50+

Non Slaveholders SlaveholdersChart: Total Deaths

About 1,150,000 About 1,150,000 Southern white families Southern white families owned no slaves---75%owned no slaves---75%

About 384,000 Southern About 384,000 Southern white families owned 1 white families owned 1

slave or more---25%slave or more---25%

Total of 1,534,000 Southern white families in 1860……A total population of 7,981,000….

Total of 1,534,000 Southern white families in 1860……A total population of 7,981,000….

(Number of slaves)(Number of slaves)

%%

•Statistically Statistically only 25% of only 25% of

Southern Southern families families

owned slavesowned slaves

•384,000 384,000 Southern Southern families families

owned 1 or owned 1 or more slaves.more slaves.

•75% of 75% of Southern Southern

families did families did not own not own slaves.slaves.

Chart/slave owners

•Slaves resorted to revolts in the Slaves resorted to revolts in the 13 colonies and later in the 13 colonies and later in the

southern U.S.southern U.S.

• 250 insurrections250 insurrections have been have been documented; between documented; between 1780 and 1780 and

18641864..

•91 African-Americans were 91 African-Americans were convicted of insurrection in convicted of insurrection in

Virginia alone. Virginia alone.

•First revolt in what became the First revolt in what became the United States took place in 1526 United States took place in 1526 at a Spanish settlement near the at a Spanish settlement near the

mouth of the Pee Dee River in mouth of the Pee Dee River in South Carolina. South Carolina.

Slave Revolts

•Slaves resorted to revolts in the 13 colonies and later in the southern

U.S.

•Gabriel Prosser•Denmark Vessey

•Nat Turner Slave Revolts

Nat Turner RebellionNat Turner Rebellion

Nat TurnerNat Turner,, a slave owned by Joseph Travis of Southampton, Virginia, believed that he

had been chosen by God to lead a slave rebellion. On 21st August, 1831,21st August, 1831, Turner and

seven fellow slaves, murdered Travis and his family. Over the next two days and

nights, Turner's band killed around 60 white people in Virginia. Turner had hoped that this action would cause a massive slave uprising but only 75 joined his rebellion. Over 3,000 members of the state militia

were sent to deal with Turner's gang, and they were soon defeated. In retaliation,

more than a hundred innocent slaves were killed. Turner went into hiding but was

captured six weeks later. Nat Turner was Nat Turner was executed on 11th November, 1831.executed on 11th November, 1831.

Slave Revolts/Turner

Nat Turner Nat Turner RebellionRebellion

Arrest of Nat Arrest of Nat TurnerTurner

Tree Nat Tree Nat Turner was Turner was

hung onhung on

Slave Revolts/Turner

Slave Revolts

Slave Revolts would lead Slave Revolts would lead plantation owners to develop a plantation owners to develop a

series of series of slave laws/codesslave laws/codes which which restricted the movement of the restricted the movement of the

slaves.slaves.•Slaves were not taught to read or writeSlaves were not taught to read or write

•Restricted to the plantationRestricted to the plantation•Slaves could not congregate after darkSlaves could not congregate after dark

•Slaves could not possess any type of firearmSlaves could not possess any type of firearm•A larger slave plantation than white in some A larger slave plantation than white in some

statesstates

Slave owners wanted to keep Slave owners wanted to keep their slaves ignorant of the their slaves ignorant of the

outside world because learning outside world because learning about life beyond the plantation about life beyond the plantation could lead to more slave revolts could lead to more slave revolts

and wanting to escape.and wanting to escape.

Slave Laws

Arguments for Slavery

Economically profitable

Slavery was in the Bible

Duty of Southerners to Christianize the slaves, Positive Good

Provided a better life for slaves than in Africa, Positive Good

5th Amendment legalized and protected slavery because slaves were considered property.

•Abolitionists believed slavery was immoral…..Peculiar institution or it is odd, strange or weird to own another human being.

•Abolitionists argued slavery was immoral because it violated the ideals that this country was founded on.

•All men are created equal (DOI)•If the U.S. was to succeed as a democratic society, slavery had to be abolished

Abolitionists

Picture/Garrison

•Through his newspaper, The Liberator, William Lloyd Garrison spoke out against

slavery and for the rights of black Americans for 35 years. The tone of the paper was

established in the first issue of the paper with Garrison's editorial entitled, "To the Public,”

“On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. No! no! Tell a

man whose house is on fire, to give a moderate alarm; tell him to moderately rescue his wife from the hand of the ravisher; tell the mother to gradually extricate her babe from

the fire into which it has fallen; -- but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the

present. I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single

inch -- AND I WILL BE HEARD”.

Garrison, a leader among American

abolitionists, delivered his views

with great conviction, as well as great foresight.

"Posterity," he concluded in the

editorial, "will bear testimony that I

was right

Picture/Douglass

Frederick Douglas

•Escaped slave in 1838

•Mother was a slave and father was white

•Great speaker against slavery

•Bought his freedom for $600.00

•Wrote his autobiography, Narrative of the Life of

Frederick Douglass

•Editor of the North Star--Abolitionist paper

•Friends with Garrison

•Organized the 54th Black Regiment of Mass

•Escaped slave in 1838

•Mother was a slave and father was white

•Great speaker against slavery

•Bought his freedom for $600.00

•Wrote his autobiography, Narrative of the Life of

Frederick Douglass

•Editor of the North Star--Abolitionist paper

•Friends with Garrison

•Organized the 54th Black Regiment of Mass

Picture/Tubman

•Harriet Tubman, Moses of her people.•Led over 300 escaped slaves out of the South

during the 1850’s.•$40,000 bounty was placed on her head•Conductor of the Underground Railroad

•Supplied money from abolitionists.

Map/Underground RR

Map/Underground RR

The Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad existed as early as 1786. It was

started by the Quakers and spread through most of the North by 1830.

One estimate places the number of African Americans who escaped

through the Underground Underground RailroadRailroad between 1830 and 1860

at 50,000.

•Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad provided food, shelter, and hiding places to runaway slaves as they escaped to

Canada

•Violated the Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law

Picture/Stowe

•Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abolitionist, authored the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin

•Book was used as propaganda to

show the inhumanity of

slavery.

•Southerners were enraged by this

book and called it “lies”.

Picture/Thoreau

•Abolitionist and transcendentalist

•Refused to pay a tax and spent a night in jail because the tax supported a war that was fought for slavery

•Mexican War

•Believer in Civil Disobedience or passive resistance---protest with non-violent actions

•Spent a night in jail over the Mexican War….

Picture/Anthony & Stanton

1830’s to 1900’s1830’s to 1900’s•Elizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton

•Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony

•Women’s rights Women’s rights reformersreformers

•citizenshipcitizenship

•right to voteright to vote

•educationeducation

•Supported the abolition Supported the abolition of slaveryof slavery

Seneca Falls Declaration

The first Woman’s rights movement was in Seneca Falls, The first Woman’s rights movement was in Seneca Falls, New York in 1849……The following is an excerpt from the New York in 1849……The following is an excerpt from the

Seneca Falls DeclarationSeneca Falls Declaration written by Elizabeth Cady written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Notice that the language and wording is similar Stanton. Notice that the language and wording is similar

to the to the Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence..

We hold these truths to be self-evident that We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men and women are created equal; that all men and women are created equal; that

they are endowed by their Creator with they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights happiness; that to secure these rights

governments are instituted, deriving their governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the just powers from the consent of the

governed……governed……

Important Dates1848 — Women’s Rights convention, Seneca Falls, NY

1889 — Jane Adams founds Hull House in Chicago

1914 -18 — Women protest US entry into World War I

1919 — 19th Amendment passes

1921 — Margaret Sanger founds the American Birth

Control League

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Susan B. Anthony

Jane Addams

Carrie NationMargaret Sanger

Seneca Falls Convention

Women’s Suffrage

Hull House & Anti War Movement

Temperance Birth Control