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NOTES 2.4 Linear Programming 1 BELLWORK: Graph the system of inequalities. x + y ≥ ‑5 ‑2x + y ≤4 4x + y ≤ 10 LESSON 2. 4 - Linear Programming LINEAR PROGRAMMING: The process of optimizing a linear objective function subject to a system of linear inequalities (called constraints). OPTIMIZATION : The process in which you find the maximum and/or minimum of value of some variable quantity. OBJECTIVE FUNCTION: The linear function that is optimized. CONSTRAINTS: The linear inequalities that form the system. FEASIBLE REGION: The graph of the solutions of the system of constraints. VERTEX: The point at which two constraints intersect. (The ʺcornersʺ of the feasible region.) BOUNDED/UNBOUNDED : The feasible region is bounded if it is contained on all sides by constraints. It is unbounded if it extends infinitely in one direction. MAXIMUMS/MINIMUMS : If an objective function has a maximum or a minimum value, then it must occur at a vertex of the feasible region. • The objective function will have BOTH a maximum value and a minimum value if the region is bounded. • The objective function will have ONLY a maximum value if the feasible region is unbounded and extends infinitely downward. • The objective function will have ONLY a minimum value if the feasible region is unbounded and extends infinitely upward. Objective Function: C=x‑y Constraints: x ≥0 y ≥0 x +2y ≤ 12 7x +3y ≥ ‑35 HOW TO SOLVE STEP 1: Graph the constraints. STEP 2 : Shade the feasible region. STEP 3: Identify the vertices. STEP 4: Plug the vertices into the objective function to determine the minimum and/or maximum. Find the minimum and/or maximum values of the objective function subject to the given constraints. OBJECTIVE FUNCTION: C =3x +2y CONSTRAINTS: x ≤2 y ≥ ‑1 x + y ≤3

NOTES 2.4 - Linear Programming€¦ · NOTES 2.4 Linear Programming 1 BELLWORK: Graph the system of inequalities. x + y ≥ ‑5 ‑2x + y ≤ 4 4x + y ≤ 10 LESSON 2. 4 - Linear

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Page 1: NOTES 2.4 - Linear Programming€¦ · NOTES 2.4 Linear Programming 1 BELLWORK: Graph the system of inequalities. x + y ≥ ‑5 ‑2x + y ≤ 4 4x + y ≤ 10 LESSON 2. 4 - Linear

NOTES 2.4 ­ Linear Programming

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BELLWORK: Graph the system of inequalities.

   x + y ≥ ‑5

‑2x + y ≤ 4

 4x + y ≤ 10

LESSON 2. 4 - Linear Programming• LINEAR PROGRAMMING: The process of optimizing a linear objective function subject to a system of linear inequalities (called constraints).

• OPTIMIZATION:  The process in which you find the maximum and/or minimum of value of some variable quantity.

• OBJECTIVE FUNCTION:  The linear function that is optimized.

• CONSTRAINTS:  The linear inequalities that form the system.

• FEASIBLE REGION: The graph of the solutions of the system of constraints.

• VERTEX: The point at which two constraints intersect.  (The ʺcornersʺ of the feasible region.)

• BOUNDED/UNBOUNDED:  The feasible region is bounded if it is contained on all sides by constraints.  It is unbounded if it extends infinitely in one direction. 

• MAXIMUMS/MINIMUMS:  If an objective function has a maximum or a minimum value, then it must occur at a vertex of the feasible region. 

• The objective function will have BOTH a maximum value and a minimum value if the region is bounded.

• The objective function will have ONLY a maximum value if the feasible region is unbounded and extends infinitely downward.

• The objective function will have ONLY a minimum value if the feasible region is unbounded and extends infinitely upward.

Objective Function:

C = x ‑ y

Constraints:

x ≥ 0

y ≥ 0

‑x + 2y ≤ 12

7x + 3y ≥ ‑35

HOW TO SOLVE

• STEP 1: Graph the constraints.

• STEP 2:  Shade the feasible region.

• STEP 3:  Identify the vertices.

• STEP 4:  Plug the vertices into the objective function to determine the minimum and/or maximum.

Find the minimum and/or maximum values of the objective function subject to the given constraints.

OBJECTIVE FUNCTION:

C = 3x + 2y

CONSTRAINTS:  

x ≤ 2

y ≥ ‑1

‑x + y ≤ 3

Page 2: NOTES 2.4 - Linear Programming€¦ · NOTES 2.4 Linear Programming 1 BELLWORK: Graph the system of inequalities. x + y ≥ ‑5 ‑2x + y ≤ 4 4x + y ≤ 10 LESSON 2. 4 - Linear

NOTES 2.4 ­ Linear Programming

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Find the minimum and/or maximum values of the objective function subject to the given constraints.

OBJECTIVE FUNCTION:

C = 2x + y

CONSTRAINTS:  

x ≥ 0

y ≥ 0

3x + 2y ≥ 12

2x + 4y ≥ 16

Find the minimum and/or maximum values of the objective function subject to the given constraints.

OBJECTIVE FUNCTION:

C = x ‑ 2y

CONSTRAINTS:  

x ≥ 1

‑x + y ≥ 1

x + y ≤ 7

Find the minimum and/or maximum values of the objective function subject to the given constraints.

OBJECTIVE FUNCTION:

C = 3x + y

CONSTRAINTS:  

x ≤ 4

x ≥ 0

2x + y ≤ 9

‑x + 3y ≤ 6

WORD PROBLEMSYou own a snack food factory.  For each case of cookies, you make $40 profit.  For each case of granola bars, you make $55 profit.  It takes 2 hours for a case of cookies to bake and 6 hours for a case of granola bars.  The maximum number of hours that your workers can spend on baking each week is 150 hours.  It takes 4 hours to package and ship a case of cookies, and 3 hours for granola bars.  The maximum number of hours your workers can spend each week on packaging and shipping is 120. 

COOKIES GRANOLA MAX

BAKING

PACKING

OBJECTIVE FUNCTION: 

CONSTRAINTS:

How many cases of each product should you make in order to maximize your company's profit?

OBJECTIVE FUNCTION: 

CONSTRAINTS:

How many acres of corn and how many acres of wheat should Farmer Bob plant in order to make the most money?

Farmer Bob is deciding what to plant in his fields this season.  Corn will earn him $4,500 per acre and wheat will earn him $2,200 per acre.  He has 100 gallons of pesticides to spray his crops with.  Corn requires 3 gallons of pesticide per acre and wheat requires 2 gallons per acre.  Farmer Bob can plant no more than 30 acres of corn and 35 acres of wheat.  Help Farmer Bob maximize his profits this season.  

Page 3: NOTES 2.4 - Linear Programming€¦ · NOTES 2.4 Linear Programming 1 BELLWORK: Graph the system of inequalities. x + y ≥ ‑5 ‑2x + y ≤ 4 4x + y ≤ 10 LESSON 2. 4 - Linear

NOTES 2.4 ­ Linear Programming

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HOMEWORK:2.4 Worksheet ‑ Linear Programming