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NOTES Endocrine System 1 Endocrine System Roles of the Endocrine System glands that produce chemicals (hormones) released into the blood General role: > Maintain homeostasis > Regulate growth and development > Coordinate energy use Regulate response to stim

NOTES- Endocrine System · NOTES Endocrine System 7 Feedback Loops Negative feedback Causes activity to turn off until the right level is reached (detects too much of something) [hormone

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Page 1: NOTES- Endocrine System · NOTES Endocrine System 7 Feedback Loops Negative feedback Causes activity to turn off until the right level is reached (detects too much of something) [hormone

NOTES­ Endocrine System

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Endocrine System

Roles of the Endocrine System

• glands that produce chemicals (hormones) released into the blood

• General role:> Maintain homeostasis> Regulate growth and development> Coordinate energy use

Regulate response to stim

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NOTES­ Endocrine System

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Types of Hormones• 1. Amines: Examples: epineprine and thyroid hormones

• 2. Prostaglandins: act as chemical messengers, but do not move to other sites

• 3. Steroid hormones: Examples: testosterone and estrogen

• 4. Peptide and Protein hormones: are the largest and most complex hormones. Example: insulin.

Glands and Hormones

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Hormones• found in plants as well• In humans: maintain conditions in the body

> Temperature> pH> Water balance> Growth > Development • The hormone travels to a specific

site: the target cells have receptors on them for this purpose

• Hypothalamus Gland:> lower central part of the brain> regulation of satiety, metabolism, and body temperature > secretes hormones that control the pituitary gland.

> Ex­ somatostatin­causes the pituitary gland to stop the release of growth hormone.  

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• Pituitary Gland:• base of the brain, no larger than a pea • control many functions of other endocrine glands 

> The anterior lobe – Growth hormone – Thyroid­stimulating hormone (TSH) –  Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) –  Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle­stimulating hormone (FSH) ­ control 

sexual function and production of the sex hormones–  Prolactin ­ stimulates milk production in females 

> The posterior lobe– Antidiuretic hormone ­ Controls water loss by the kidneys–  Oxytocin ­ Contracts the uterus 

• Pineal Gland:> middle of the brain > Melatonin: regulate the wake­sleep cycle

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• Thyroid Gland:> lower front part of the neck> thyroid hormones: regulate metabolism > bone growth and development of the brain and nervous system in 

children > maintain normal blood pressure, heart rate, digestion, muscle tone, 

and reproductive functions

• Parathyroid Gland:> 2 pairs of small glands embedded in the surface of the thyroid gland> parathyroid hormone: regulating calcium levels

• Adrenal Glands:> located on top of each kidney 

« corticosteroids» regulate the body’s metabolism, the balance of 

salt and water in the body, the immune system, and sexual function 

« produces hormones (eg, adrenaline)» help the body cope with physical and emotional 

stress by increasing the heart rate and blood pressure.

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• Pancreas:

> toward the back of the abdomen behind the stomach> digestive and hormonal functions > digestive enzymes > secretes hormones

– insulin and glucagonregulate the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood

Comparing Control Systems

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Feedback LoopsNegative feedback­

Causes activity to turn off until the right level is reached (detects too much of something) [hormone regulation]

Positive feedback­Causes an increase in activity until the right level is reached (detects too little of something) [contractions during child birth/blood clotting]