Notes ABBREVIA nONS

Cmd FRUS HC Debates HL Debates HLRO LGC

IHS NI NIHC Debates PRO PRONI Transfer

UNO GAOR

UNO SCOR

UNSCOP WA

Command Paper Foreign Relations of the United States House of Commons Debates House of Lords Debates House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George Collection Irish Historical Studies Northern Ireland Northern Ireland House of Commons Debates Public Record Office Public Record Office of Northern Ireland The Transfer of Power 1942-1947, vols I-X (London, 1970--81) United Nations Organisation General Assembly Official Records United Nations Organisation Security Council Official Records United Nations Special Committee on Palestine Weizmann Archives

NOTES TO CHAPTER ONE: THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF PARTITION

1. See 'European History with Comparative Intent', German Historical Institute London Bulletin, no. 12.

2. See entries in E. Littre, Dictionnaire de la Langue Fran~aise (Paris, n.d.) vol. III, pp. 967-9.

3. Voltaire: Oeuvres Historiques, ed. Rene Pomeau (Bruges, 1957) pp. 797 and 803.

4. See Oxford English Dictionary, under 'Partition'. 5. 1. Bryce, The Holy Roman Empire (London, 1907) p. 77. (1st edn

1864.) 6. Sir 1. Scott Keltie, The Partition of Africa (London, 1893). For a useful

recent summary see 1. M. MacKenzie, The Partition of Africa (London, 1983).

7. See, for example, Lord Charles Beresford, The Break-up of China (London, 1899).

8. Amery to Pethick-Lawrence, 17 Apr 1946, in Transfer, vol. VII, pp. 300--1.

198

Notes 199

9. A Griffith, The Resurrection of Hungary (London, 1904). 10. See A. Clarke, with R. Dudley Edwards, 'Pacification, Plantation, and

the Catholic Question, 1603-23', in A New History of Ireland, ed. T. W. Moody, F. X. Martin and F. J. Byrne, vol. III (Oxford, 1976) pp. 187-232.

11. Craig, NIHC Debates, 7 Dec 1922, col. 1152. 12. See C. J. Houston and W. J. Smyth, The Sash Canada Wore (Toronto,

1980). 13. See M. Mujeeb, The Indian Muslims (London, 1967); and P. Hardy,

The Muslims of British India (Cambridge, 1972).

NOTES TO CHAPTER TWO: THE GOVERNMENT OF IRELAND ACT

1. See F. S. L. Lyons, Ireland since the Famine, paperback edn (Glasgow, 1973) pp. 413-14; also N. Mansergh, 'The Government of Ireland Act, 1920: Its Origins and Purposes', in Historical Studies, vol. IX, ed. J. Barry (Belfast, 1974).

2. This summary is largely based on P. Jalland, The Liberals and Ireland (Brighton, 1980).

3. D. Lloyd George, War Memoirs (London, 1938) vol. I, pp. 416-25; H. de F. Montgomery to C.-H. Montgomery, 22 June 1916, in Irish Unionism 1885-1923, ed. P. Buckland (Belfast, 1973) pp. 405-8.

4. H. de F. Montgomery to Mrs Sinclair, 24 Aug 1916, PRONI Montgomery of Blessingbourne Collection, D627/429/53. See also D. G. Boyce, 'British Conservative Opinion, the Ulster Question, and the Partition ofIreland, 1912-21', IHS, vol. XVII, no. 65 (Mar 1970) pp. 89-112.

5. H. de F. Montgomery to 'Stewart', 17 June 1916, PRONI D627/429/39. 6. H. de F. Montgomery to Mrs Sinclair, 24 Aug 1916, PRONI

D627/429/53. 7. Unionist resolution, 12 June 1916, in Irish Unionism, ed. Buckland,

pp. 404-5. 8. R. Blake, The Unknown Prime Minister (London, 1955) p. 386. 9. Carson to Lloyd George, 14 Feb 1918, HLRO LGC F/6/3/6.

10. A. J. Ward, 'America and the Irish Problem, 1899-1921', IHS, vol. XVI, no. 61 (Mar 1968), pp. 64-90.

11. Cabinet meeting, 11 Nov 1919, PRO CAB 23/18. 12. Balfour, 'The Irish Question', 25 Nov 1919, PRO CAB 24/93. 13. First Report of the Cabinet Committee on the Irish Question, 4 Nov

1919, PRO CAB 24/92. 14. Note by Birkenhead and Worthington-Evans, 11 Nov 1919, PRO CAB

24/93. 15. Memo by Balfour, 25 Nov 1919, PRO CAB 24/93. 16. Cabinet meeting, 11 Nov 1919, PRO CAB 23/18. 17. Cabinet meeting, 3 Dec 1919, PRO CAB 23/18. 18. Cabinet meeting, 15 Dec 1919, PRO CAB 23118. 19. Cabinet meeting, 19 Dec 1919, PRO CAB 23/18. 20. Note by Balfour, 19 Feb 1920, PRO CAB 24/98.

200 Notes

21. Cabinet meeting, 24 Feb 1920, PRO CAB 23/20. 22. Ulster and Home Rule: No Partition of Ulster (Apr 1920), in Irish

Unionism, ed. Buckland, pp. 412-16. 23. Dawson Bates to H. de F. Montgomery, 11 May 1920, PRONI

D627/435/82. 24. Ulster and Home Rule; also letter of Lord Bangor, etc., 23 Apr 1920,

PRONI D627/435/54. 25. H. de F. Montgomery to H. N. Pollock, 28 May 1920, PRONI

D627/435/93. 26. F. Crawford, Why I Voted for the Six Counties (Apr1920), in Buckland,

Irish Unionism, pp. 409-11. 27. H. de F. Montgomery to Sir J. Stronge, 6 Apr 1920, PRONI

D627/435/21. 28. Carson, HC Debates, 5th ser., 1920, vol. 127, cols 1287-1300. 29. C. Craig, ibid., cols 984-93. 30. Macpherson, ibid., cols 925~4. 31. Lloyd George, ibid., cols 1322-36. 32. Clynes, ibid., cols 944-56. 33. O'Connor, Redmond, Devlin, Harbison, ibid., cols 966-76, 1005-12,

1133-52 and 1308-13. 34. Conference, 23 July 1920, PRO CAB 24/109. 35. Thomas Jones: Whitehall Diary, ed. K. Middlemass (London, 1971) vol.

III, pp. 31-6. 36. Memoranda by Long and Balfour, 25 and 24 July 1920, PRO CAB

24/109. 37. Conference, 3 Nov 1920, PRO CAB 23/23; P. Buckland, The Factory

of Grievances (Dublin, 1979) pp. 26-8. 38. For a full discussion see ibid., ch. 1. 39. Sir A. Hezlet, The 'B' Specials (London, 1972) chs 1 and 2.

NOTES TO CHAPTER THREE: THE ANGLO·IRISH TREATY

1. H. Nicolson, King George the Fifth (London, 1952) pp. 348-54. 2. NI Cabinet meetings, 16 and 18 June 1921, PRONI CAB 4/2, 3. 3. Cabinet meeting, 20 July 1921, PRO CAB 23/26; Lord Longford and T.

P. O'Neill, Eamon de Valera (London, 1970) pp. 132-6. 4. Proposals of the British Government for an Irish Settlement, 20 July

1921, Cmd 1502 (1921) pp. 2-3. 5. NI Cabinet meeting, 22 July 1921, PRONI CAB 4/10. 6. De Valera to Lloyd George, 10 Aug 1921, in Proposals, pp. 3-5. 7. 'Visit to Ireland, 29 July-l August', HLRO LGC F/181/2/5. 8. Lloyd George to de Valera, 13 Aug 1921, in Proposals, p. 5; Cabinet

meeting, 13 Aug 1921, PRO CAB 23/26. 9. Lloyd George to de Valera, 7 Sep 1921, in Proposals, pp. 6-8; Jones,

Diary, vol. III, pp. 108-12. 10. Longford and O'Neill, de Valera, pp. 145-50. 11. Further memo by the Irish delegates, 29 Oct 1921, HLRO LGC

FI18113/8.

Notes 201

12. Jones, Diary, vol. III, pp. 127-32. 13. Ibid., pp. 134-7. 14. Ibid., pp. 141-4. 15. Nicolson, King George the Fifth, pp. 348--54. 16. Jones, Diary, vol. III, p. 146. 17. Craig, NIHC Debates, 20 Sep 1921, col. 51. 18. Jones, Diary, vol. III, pp. 154-5. 19. Lord Birkenhead, FE (London, 1959) pp. 379-81. 20. Quoted in Blake, Unknown Prime Minister, p. 432. 21. Craig, NIHC Debates, 29 Nov 1921, col. 292. 22. Lloyd George to Craig, 10 Nov 1921, in Correspondence between His

Majesty's Government and the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, Cmd 1561 (1921) pp. 2-4; Jones, Diary, vol. III, p. 163.

23. Craig to Lloyd George, 11 Nov 1921, in Correspondence, pp. 4-7. 24. Jones, Diary, vol. III, p. 163. 25. Ibid., p. 162. 26. HLRO LGC F/181/4/1. 27. Lloyd George to Craig, 14 Nov 1921, in Correspondence, pp. 7-9. 28. Craig to Lloyd George, 17 Nov 1921, ibid., pp. 9-11. 29. Jones, Diary, vol. III, p. 167. 30. Memorandum by the Irish representatives, 22 Nov 1921, HLRO LGC

F/18114/1. 31. F. Pakenham, Peace by Ordeal (London, 1935) pp. 258--62. 32. Ibid., pp. 274-5. 33. Articles of Agreement for a Treaty between Great Britain and Ireland,

Cmd 1560 (1921). 34. Cabinet meeting, 6 Dec 1921, PRO CAB 23/27. 35. Craig, NIHC Debates, 12 Dec 1921, cols 542--6. 36. NI Cabinet meeting, 26 Jan 1922, PRONI CAB 4/30. 37. Memorandum by Jones, 18 Mar 1922, HLRO LGC F/184/3/9. 38. The Conflict of Nationality in Modern Ireland, ed. A. C. Hepburn

(London, 1980) document 82. 39. Debate on the Treaty between Great Britain and Ireland (Dublin, n.d.)

E. O'Duffy, cols 223-47. 40. Ibid., S. MacEntee, cols 152-8. 41. Collins to Churchill, 21 Mar 1921, HLRO LGC F/184/3/11. 42. Craig, NIHC Debates, 7 Dec 1922, cols 1146a-1155. 43. Report of the Irish Boundary Commission 1925, introduced by

Geoffrey J. Hand (Shannon, 1969) pp. 26--9. 44. Ibid., pp. 96--8. 45. Ibid., pp. 134-8.

NOTES TO CHAPTER FOUR: MUSLIM DEMAND FOR PAKISTAN

1. Unpardonable Crime of Jinnah, ed. s. Peerzada (Bombay, 1942) p. 80. 2. 'The Evolution of the Quaid-i-Azam as Observed by Professor L. F.

Rushbrook Williams'. This typescript was kindly sent to me by the late Professor Rushbrook Williams. Much of the analysis of Jinnah is based

202 Notes

on his remlnlSCenCe, in this document and in conversation and correspondence. Responsibility for the views presented is, of course, my own.

3. E. S. Montagu, An Indian Diary (London, 1930) pp. 57-8. 4. Information from Professor Rushbrook Williams. See also L. F.

Rushbrook Williams, Inside Both Indias 1914-1938 (Cirencester, n.d.) pp. 134-8.

5. Hardy, Muslims of British India, pp. 224-5. 6. Sir Syed Ahmad on the Mahommedans and the National Congress

(Allahabad, 1888). 7. Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Meerut, 14 Mar 1888, in The Evolution of India

and Pakistan 1858-1947, ed. C. H. Philips (London, 1962) pp. 188-9. 8. Speeches, Writings and Statements of Iqbal, ed. Latif Ahmed Sherwani

(Lahore, 1977) pp. 245-7. 9. Presidential address at the annual session of the All-India Muslim

League, 29 Dec 1930, in Evolution of India and Pakistan, ed. Philips, pp. 239-41.

10. Report of the Indian Statutory Commission, 2 vols, Cmd 3568-9 (1930) vol. I, p. 25.

11. Ibid., vol. II, pp. 15-16. 12. Speeches, Writings of Iqbal, p. 7. 13. Ibid., p. 23 14. E. Thompson, Enlist India for Freedom! (London, 1940) p. 58; J.

Nehru, The Discovery of India (London, 1946) p. 330. 15. Information from Professor Rushbrook Williams. 16. L. F. Rushbrook Williams, 'Pattern for Pakistan', Pakistan Quarterly,

vol. IX (1959); in World Writers on Pakistan (Karachi, 1968) pp. 17-22.

17. Iqbal to Jinnah, 28 May 1937, in Letters of Iqbal to Jinnah (Lahore, 1943) pp. 14-18.

18. Iqbal to Jinnah, 21 June 1937, ibid., pp. 18-23. 19. M. A. Jinnah, 'Foreword', ibid., pp. 4-5. 20. 'Speech at the Muslim University Union', 5 Feb 1938, in Speeches and

Writings of Mr Jinnah, ed. Jamil-ud-din Ahmad (Lahore, 1968) vol. I, pp. 39-47.

21. 'Presidential Address to the All-India Muslim League', 26--9 Dec 1938, ibid., pp. 72-86.

22. Time and Tide, 19 Jan 1940. 23. 'The Pakistan Resolution', 23 Mar 1940, in Pakistan Resolution to

Pakistan 1940--1947, ed. Latif Ahmed Sherwani (Karachi, 1969) p. 21. 24. 'Presidential Address at the All-India Muslim League', Mar 1940, in

Speeches and Writings of Jinnah, vol. I, pp. 151-72. 25. 'My Answer to Quaid-e-Azam' (Harijan, 30 Mar 1940), in The

Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. LXXI (New Delhi, 1968) pp. 371-2.

26. 'A Baffling Situation' (Harijan, 6 Apr 1940), ibid., pp. 387-90. 27. 'Extracts from Liaquat Ali Khan's Statement', 4 Apr 1940, ibid., pp.

446--8. 28. 'My Position' (Harijan, 13 Apr 1940), ibid., pp. 412-13.

Notes 203

29. 'Message to Bombay Muslim League Conference', 26-27 May 1940, in Speeches and Writings of Jinnah, vol. I, pp. 178-83.

30. 'Statement on the Lahore Resolution' [1940], ibid., pp. 173-8. 31. Speeches on 2, 10 and 30 Mar 1942, ibid., pp. 230-80. 32. The 'August Offer' (Cmd 6219, 8 Aug 1940), in Transfer, vol. I, pp.

817-19. 33. 'The Indian Political Situation', WP(42)42 , 28 Jan 1942, ibid., pp.

81-90. 34. Linlithgow to Amery, 8 Jan 1942, ibid., pp. 15-18. 35. Report on a tour of the Reforms Commissioner, 8 Nov-7 Dec 1941,

ibid., pp. 63-72. 36. Amery to Linlithgow, 22 Feb 1942, ibid., pp. 222-5. 37. Amery to Churchill, 25 Feb 1942, ibid., pp. 240-1. 38. Amery to Hardinge, 2 Mar 1942, ibid., pp. 282-3. 39. Glancy to Linlithgow, 4 Mar 1942, and Linlithgow to Amery, 6 Mar

1942, ibid., pp. 321 and 328-9. 40. Linlithgow to Amery, 2 and 6 Mar 1942, ibid., pp. 290-1 and 330-1. 41. Amery to Linlithgow, 10 Mar 1942, ibid., pp. 401-4. 42. 'Draft Declaration', WP( 42)115, 7 Mar 1942, ibid., pp. 357-8. 43. Interviews with Gandhi, 27 Mar, with Congress members, 29 Mar, and

with Azad and Nehru, 2 Apr 1942, ibid., pp. 498-500, 527-9, and 609. 44. Executive Council meeting, 24 Mar 1942, and press conference, 29

Mar 1942, ibid., pp. 474-8 and 537-51. 45. Interview with Jinnah, 25 Mar 1942, ibid., pp. 480-1. 46. Presidential address, 4 Apr 1942, and press conference, 13 Apr 1942,

in Speeches and Writings of Jinnah, vol. I, pp. 382-98. 47. Presidential address, 24 Apr 1943, ibid., pp. 491-533. 48. P. Moon, Divide and Quit (London, 1961) p. 21. 49. C. R. Rajagopalachari to Jinnah, 8 Apr 1944, in Speeches and Writings

of Jinnah, vol. II, pp. 57-8. 50. 'Discussion with C. Rajagopalachari', 12 Sep 1944, in Gandhi,

Collected Works, vol. LXXVIII (New Delhi, 1979) p. 97. 51. Speech at the League Council, 30 July 1944, in Speeches and Writings

of Jinnah, vol. II, pp. 64-76. 52. The text of the Gandhi-Jinnah correspondence may be found in a

number of editions. An invaluable supplement is Gandhi's record of his conversations with Jinnah in his Collected Works, vol. LXXVIII.

53. Wavell to King George VI, 24 Feb 1947, in Transfer, vol. IX, pp. 801-14.

NOTES TO CHAPTER FIVE: BRITAIN CONCEDES A MUSLIM STATE

1. Mulk Raj Anand, Letters on India (London, 1942) p. 9. 2. Nehru, The Discovery of India, passim. 3. Clow to Colville, 23 Aug 1945, and memorandum by Secretary of State

for India, 31 Aug 1945, in Transfer, vol. VI, pp. 148-51 and 188-90. 4. Wavell to Pethick-Lawrence, 5 Aug 1945, ibid., pp. 27-34. 5. India and Burma Committee, 29 Aug and 6 Sep 1946, ibid., pp. 173-80

204 Notes

and 225-30; Wavell: The Viceroy's Journal, ed. P. Moon (London, 1973) pp. 165-71.

6. S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru (London, 1975) vol. I, p. 305. 7. Cabinet CM (46) 7th Conclusions, Minute 1, in Transfer, vol. VI, pp.

830-3. 8. Wavell to Pethick-Lawrence, 7 Feb 1946, and note by Pethick­

Lawrence, 13 Feb 1946, ibid., pp. 912-13 and 964-6. 9. 'Viability of Pakistan', India Office, 13 Feb 1946, ibid., pp. 951-63.

10. Note by Pethick-Lawrence, 13 Mar 1946, ibid., pp. 1192-5; Burrows to Wavell, 11 Apr 1946, ibid., vol. VII, pp. 230-2.

11. Wavell, p. 236. 12. Meeting with governors, 28 Mar 1942, in Transfer, vol. VII, pp. 39-45. 13. Meeting with Viceroy's Executive Council, 26 Mar 1946, ibid., pp.

6--13. 14. 'Preliminary Notes on the Muslim League', 28 Mar 1946, and 'Memo

for Sir S. Cripps', 29 Mar 1946, ibid., pp. 22-4 and 54-5. 15. Meetings with Azad and Gandhi, 3 Apr 1946, ibid., pp. 110-18;

Wavell, pp. 235-6; M. Azad, India Wins Freedom (Calcutta, 1959) pp. 125-6.

16. Conversation between Cripps and Jinnah, 30 Mar 1946, in Transfer, vol. VII, pp. 59-60.

17. Meeting with Jinnah, 4 Apr 1946, ibid., pp. 118-24. 18. Meeting with Suhrawardy, 8 Apr 1946, ibid., pp. 163-6; meeting

between Mountbatten and Suhrawardy, 26 Apr 1947, ibid., vol. x, pp. 448-9.

19. Notes by Burrows, n.d., ibid., vol. VII, pp. 63-8. 20. Meeting with Mamdot, 2 Apr 1946, ibid., pp. 90-1. 21. Meeting with Khizar Hayat Khan, 5 Apr 1946, ibid., pp. 147-8. 22. Meetings with Tara Singh and Baldev Singh, 5 Apr 1946, ibid., pp.

138-43; Wavell, p. 237. 23. Memorandum by Cripps, c. 9 Apr 1946, in Transfer, vol. VII, pp.

174-80. 24. Cabinet delegation and Wavell to Attlee, 11 Apr 1946, ibid., pp.

220-1. 25. Attlee to Cabinet delegation and Wavell, 13 Apr 1946, ibid., pp.

260-1. 26. Meeting with Jinnah, 16 Apr 1946, ibid., pp. 280-5; Wavell, p. 246. 27. Memorandum by Cripps, 18 Apr 1946, in Transfer, vol. VII, pp.

303-10. 28. Meeting of Cabinet delegation and Wavell, 26 Apr 1946, ibid., pp.

342-5. 29. Meeting of Cabinet delegation and Wavell, 4 May 1946, ibid., p. 414. 30. Cabinet delegation and Wavell to Attlee, 7 May 1946, ibid., p. 414. 31. Jinnah to Pethick-Lawrence, 8 May 1946, ibid., pp. 464-5. 32. Meeting between Wavell and Nehru and Azad, 16 May 1946, and

statement by the Cabinet delegation, 16 May 1946, ibid., pp. 581-91. 33. Note by Wyatt, 25 May 1946, ibid., pp. 684-87. 34. Jinnah to Wavell, 7 June 1946, ibid., pp. 836--8. 35. Azad to Pethick-Lawrence, 24 May 1946, ibid., pp. 679-82.

Notes 205

36. Meetings of Cabinet delegation and Wavell, 17 June 1946, and 26 June 1946, ibid., pp. 956-8 and 1060-2.

37. Azad to Wavell, 25 June 1946, ibid., pp. 1032-36. 38. Nehru: The First Sixty Years, ed. D. Norman, 2 vols (London, 1965)

vol. II, pp. 234-41; Transfer, vol. VIII, pp. 25-31. 39. Burrows to Pethick-Lawrence, 22 Aug 1946, ibid., vol. VIII, pp.

293-304; Sir F. Tuker, While Memory Serves (London, 1950) pp. 152-65; I. Stephens, Pakistan (London, 1963) pp. 104-7.

40. Tuker, Memory, p. 176; Burrows to Pethick-Lawrence, 20 Oct 1946, in Transfer, vol. VIII, pp. 753-4.

41. Tuker, Memory, pp. 180-202. 42. Jenkins to Wavell, 31 Aug 1946, in Transfer, vol. VIII, pp. 371-7. 43. Stephens, Pakistan, p. 113. 44. Note by Wavell, 2 Dec 1946, in Transfer, vol. IX, pp. 240-3. 45. Note by Wyatt, 3 Dec 1946, ibid., pp. 246-7. 46. A. Campbell-Johnson, Mission with Mountbatten (London, 1951) p.

18; Cabinet CM(46) 108th Conclusions, in Transfer, vol. IX, pp. 427-31.

47. Statement of 20th February, 1947, Cmd 7047 (1947). 48. Memorandum by Pethick-Lawrence, 4 Mar 1947, in Transfer, vol. IX,

pp. 840-50. 49. Jenkins to Wavell, 3 Mar 1947, ibid., pp. 829-34. 50. Jenkins to Wavell, 5 Mar 1947, ibid., pp. 868-70. 51. Jenkins to Wavell, 17 Mar 1947, ibid., pp. 965-6. 52. Azad, India Wins Freedom, p. 164. 53. Interview with Nehru, 10 Mar 1947, in Transfer, vol. IX, pp. 909-10. 54. Nehru to Wavell, 9 Mar 1947, ibid., pp. 897-901. 55. Viceroy's Staff Meeting, 11 Apr 1947, ibid., vol. X, pp. 190-2. 56. Viceroy's Personal Report No.1, 2 Apr 1947, ibid., pp. 90-4. 57. Viceroy's Sixth Staff Meeting, 31 Mar 1947, ibid., pp. 48-51. 58. Thirteenth Staff Meeting, 11 Apr 1947, ibid., pp. 190-2. 59. Seventh Staff Meeting, 3 Apr 1947, ibid., pp. 99-101. 60. Tenth Staff Meeting, 7 Apr 1947, ibid., pp. 142-5. 61. Interview with Jinnah, 8 Apr 1947, ibid., pp. 158-60. 62. Viceroy's Fourteenth Staff Meeting, 12 Apr 1947, ibid., pp. 207-9;

Campbell-Johnson, Mission, pp. 60-1. 63. Azad, India Wins Freedom, pp. 164-7. 64. Interviews with Kripalani and K. Menon, 17 Apr 1947, in Transfer,

vol. X, pp. 308-13. 65. Viceroy's Conference Paper 32, 20 Apr 1947, ibid., pp. 335-41. 66. Viceroy's Eighteenth Staff Meeting, 21 Apr 1947, ibid., pp. 347-9. 67. Nehru to Mountbatten, 1 May 1947, ibid., pp. 517-19. 68. India and Burma Committee, 5 May 1947, ibid., pp. 625-8. 69. Mountbatten to Ismay, 10 May 1947, ibid., pp. 750-1. 70. Note by Nehru, 11 May 1947, ibid., pp. 766-71. 71. Mountbatten to Ismay, 13 May 1947, ibid., pp. 806-12; Campbell­

Johnson, Mission, p. 90. 72. Nehru to Mountbatten, 17 May 1947, in Transfer, vol. X, pp. 866-70. 73. Interview by Jinnah, 21 May 1947, ibid., pp. 929-30.

206 Notes

74. India and Burma Committee, 19 May 1947, ibid., pp. 896-901. 75. Cabinet CM(47) 50th Conclusions, ibid., pp. 963-8. 76. Campbell-Johnson, Mission, pp. 99-108; H. V. Hodson, The Great

Divide (London, 1969) pp. 310-18. 77. Speeches and Documents on the Indian Constitution, ed. M. Gwyer and

A. Appadorai (London, 1957), vol. II, pp. 681-4. 78. Pakistan Resolution, ed. Sherwani, pp. 245-8; also Y. Krishan,

'Mountbatten and the Partition of India', History, vol. 68, no. 222 (Feb 1982), pp. 22-28.

NOTES TO CHAPTER SIX: TIlE PEEL COMMISSION

1. R. Coupland, The Empire in These Days (London, 1935) p. 70. 2. Ibid., pp. 14--15. 3. Palestine Royal Commission Report, Cmd 5479 (1937) p. 375. 4. Ben-Gurion to Julian Mack, 29Sep 1937, WA; C. Weizmann, Trial and

Error (London, 1949) pp. 471-5; N. A. Rose, The Gentile Zionists (London, 1973) chs 6 and 7.

5. Weizmann, Trial arid Error, pp. 471-5. 6. See International Affairs, vol. XVIII, no. 2 (Mar 1939) pp. 185-7. 7. Discussions at Helouan, 21-3 Jan 1937, PRO CO 733/346n550/53. 8. Ibid. 9. Palestine Royal Commission Report, p. 117.

10. Ibid., pp. 370-1. 11. Ibid., p. 375. 12. Ibid., p. 396. 13. Weizmann to Ormsby-Gore, 12 Feb 1937, in The Letters and Papers of

Chaim Weizmann, seT. A, vol. XVIII (Jerusalem, 1979) pp. 38-40. 14. 'Note of Meeting Held at 77 Great Russell Street, on 15th March

1937', WA. 15. Interview between Shertok and Wauchope, 27 Apr 1937, WA. 16. Shertok to Wauchope, 21 June 1937, WA. 17. Weizmann to W. Baer, 27 June 1937, Letters and Papers ofWeizmann,

vol. XVIII, pp. 124--5. 18. 'Report of the Palestine Royal Commission', 25 June 1937, CP166(37)

PRO CAB 24/270. 19. Ibid. 20. Cabinet meetings, 30 June 1937 and 5 July 1937, PRO CAB 23/88. 21. Notes of interview at dinner given by Sinclair, 8 June 1937, WA. 22. Tory MPs to Ormsby-Gore, 29 July 1937, PRO CAB 24/271. 23. Ormsby-Gore, 21 July 1937, HC Debates, 5th seT. vol. 326, cols

2242-7. 24. Peel, 20 July 1937, HL Debates, 5th ser., vol. CVI, cols 615-16. 25. Morgan-Jones, 21 July 1937, HC Debates, 5th seT., vol. 326, cols 2260. 26. Samuel, 20 July 1937, HL Debates, 5th ser., vol. CVI, col. 638. 27. Morgan-Jones, 21 July 1937, HC Debates, 5th ser., vol. 326, col. 2259. 28. Wise to RA Rosenblatt, 14 July 1937, W A. 29. Wise to his children, 1 Aug 1937, WA.

Notes 207

30. Wise to Weizmann, 4 Aug 1937, W A. 31. Wise to Brandeis, 6 Aug 1937, WA; Resolution of the 20th Zionist

Congress, 10 Aug 1937, WA. 32. G. Antonius, The Arab Awakening (London, 1938) pp. 399-405. 33. 'Policy in Palestine', 9 Nov 1937, CP 269(37) PRO CAB 24/272. 34. 'Policy in Palestine', 3 Dec 1937, CP 295(37) PRO CAB 24/273. 35. G. Rendel, The Sword and the Olive (London, 1957) p. 123. 36. 'Policy in Palestine', 9 Nov 1937. 37. Cabinet meeting, 17 Nov 1937, PRO CAB 23/90. 38. 'Palestine: Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Foreign

Affairs', 19 Nov 1937, CP 281(37) PRO CAB 24/273. 39. 'Policy in Palestine', 1 Dec 1937, CP 289(37) PRO CAB 24/273. 40. Cabinet meeting, 8 Dec 1937, PRO CAB 23/90. 41. 'Policy in Palestine', 17 Dec 1937, CP 310(37) PRO CAB 24/273. 42. Eden to Ormsby-Gore, 17 Dec 1937, PRO CAB 23/90. 43. Melchett to Weizmann, 20 December 1937, WA. 44. Meeting of Jewish Agency Executive, 19 Feb 1938, WA. 45. Interview with Ormsby-Gore, 25 Feb 1938, WA. 46. Coupland to Weizmann, 17 Apr 1938, WA. 47. Palestine Partition Report, Cmd 5854 (1938) passim; Sir J. Woodhead,

'The Report of the Palestine Partition Commission', International Affairs, vol. XVIII, no. 2 (Mar 1939) pp. 171-93.

48. Weizmann to MacDonald, 12 July 1938, Letters and Papers of Weizmann, vol. XVIII, pp. 417-26.

49. Conversation with 'B' (MacDonald), 13 and 14 Sep 1938, and meeting of Jewish Agency Executive, 21 Sep 1938, WA.

50. Ben-Gurion to Paula, 18 Oct 1938, in D. Ben-Gurion, Letters to Paula (London, 1968) pp. 195-6.

51. The Cadogan Diaries, ed. D. Dilks (London, 1971) p. 122.

NOTES TO CHAPTER SEVEN: PARTITION IN THE INTERNATIONAL FORUM

1. Survey of International Affairs 1937 and 1938 (London, 1938 and 1941). 2. See 'The Biltmore Programme', in The Israel-Arab Reader, ed. W.

Laqueur, rev. edn (London, 1970) pp. 104-<i. 3. See United Nations Map no. 93(b) 1950, derived from British figures

supplied to Subcommittee 2 of Ad Hoc Committee on the Palestinian Question.

4. This was a continuation of certain pre-war positions. 5. E.M. Wilson, Decision on Palestine (Princeton, 1979). 6. See N. Bethell, The Palestine Triangle (London, 1979) pp. 17fr86.

1979) pp. 176-86. 7. W. Phillips, Ventures in Diplomacy (London, 1955) pp. 274-98. 8. 'Report of the Anglo-American Committee of Enquiry', 22 Apr 1946,

DO(46)61, PRO CAB 129/9. 9. Cabinet meeting, 7 Feb 1947, PRO CAB 128/9.

10. Lyons, Egypt, to Secretary of State, 2 Aug 1946, and Conversation between Jewish Agency and Division of Near Eastern Affairs, 5 Sep

208 Notes

1946, FRUS, 1946, vol. VII (Washington, DC, 1969) pp. 676-7 and 692-3.

11. 'Palestine Conference', 5 Oct 1946, CP(46)358, PRO CAB 129/13. 12. 'Palestine', 14 Jan 1947, CP(47)30, PRO CAB 129/16. 13. 'Palestine: Future Policy', 16 Jan 1947, CP(47)32, PRO CAB 129(16). 14. Gallman to Secretary of State, 28 Jan 1947, FRUS, 1947, vol. v

(Washington, DC, 1971) pp. 1015-17. 15. 'Palestine', 6 Feb 1947, CP(47)49, PRO CAB 129/16. 16. Gallman to Secretary of State, 30 Jan and 7 Feb 1947, FRUS, 1947,

vol. v, pp. 1017-18 and 1031-2. 17. 'Palestine', 6 Feb 1947. 18. Cabinet meeting, 7 Feb 1947, PRO CAB 128/9. 19. Gallman to Secretary of State, 11 and 13 Feb 1947, FRUS, 1947, vol.

v, pp. 1040-2 and 1044-6; Cabinet meeting, 14 Feb 1947, PRO CAB 128/9.

20. Cabinet meeting, 14 Feb 1947; PRO CAB 128/9. 21. Gromyko, 14 May 1947, in UNO GAOR, 1st Special Session, vol. I,

77th meeting. 22. Jamal Husseini, 29 Sep 1947, in UNO GAOR Ad Hoc Committee on

the Palestinian Question, 3rd meeting; Consul-General, Jerusalem, to Secretary of State, 11 June 1947, FRUS, 1947, vol. v, p. 1102.

23. Chaim Weizmann, ed. M. W. Weisgal and J. Carmichael (London, 1962) p. 296.

24. UNSCOP Report (New York, 1947) vol. III, p. 22. 25. Ibid., pp. 81-3. 26. Ibid., p. 93. 27. A. Eban, An Autobiography (London, 1977) p. 80. 28. UNSCOP Report, vol. III, pp. 244--5. 29. Weizmann, ed. Weisgal and Carmichael, p. 298; Eban, Autobiography,

pp. 80-3. 30. UNSCOP Report, vol. I, ch. 6, pt 1. 31. Eban, Autobiography, pp. 83--4. 32. Tsarapkin, 13 Oct 1947, in UNO GAOR Ad Hoc Committee, 12th

meeting. 33. See Henderson's memos, in FRUS, 1947, vol. v, passim. 34. Meeting of US delegation, 15 Sep 1947, and Marshall's speech to

United Nations General Assembly, 17 Sep 1947, in FRUS, 1947, vol. v, pp. 1147-51.

35. Henderson to Marshall, 22 Sep 1947, ibid., pp. 1153-8. 36. Memorandum by Hilldring, 24 Sep 1947, ibid., pp. 1162-3. 37. Memoranda on Palestine by Ministry of Defence and Foreign Office,

18 Sep 1947, CP(47)262 and CP(47)269, PRO CAB 129/21; Cabinet meeting, 20 Sep 1947, PRO CAB 76(47).

38. Creech-Jones, 26 Sep 1947, in UNO GAOR, Ad Hoc Committee, 2nd meeting.

39. Husseini, 29 Sep 1947, ibid., 3rd meeting. 40. Abba Hillel Silver, 2 Oct 1947, ibid., 4th meeting. 41. US and Soviet statements, 10 and 13 October 1947, ibid., 10th and 12th

meetings.

Notes 209

42. Memorandum by Wadsworth, 21 Oct 1947, in FRUS, 1947, vol. Y, pp. 1192-4.

43. Austin to Marshall, 18 Nov 1947, ibid., pp. 1266-8; Weizmann, Trial and Error, pp. 560-3.

44. Memorandum by Henderson, 22 Oct 1947, in FRUS, 1947, vol. Y, pp. 1195--6.

45. Memorandum by Wilkins, 7 Nov 1947, ibid., pp. 1244-6. 46. UNO GAOR Ad Hoc Committee, annex 19, Report of Subcommittee

1. 47. Ibid., annex 25, Report of Subcommittee 2. 48. Husseini, 24 Nov 1947, ibid., 31st meeting. 49. Cadogan, 20 Nov 1947, ibid., 25th meeting. 50. Ibid., Additional Report of Subcommittee 1, 25 Nov 1947. 51. Acting Secretary of State to Truman, 10 Dec 1947, and Truman to

Acting Secretary of State, 11 Dec 1947, FRUS, 1947, vol. Y, pp. 1305--6 and 1309; The Forrestal Diaries, ed. W. Millis (New York, 1951) p. 331.

52. Truman to Acting Secretary of State, 11 Dec 1947, FR US, 1947, vol. Y, p. 1309.

53. M. Miller, Plain Speaking (London, 1974) pp. 216-17. 54. Gromyko, 26 Nov 1947, in UNO GAOR, 2nd Session 1947, 125th

Plenary Meeting. 55. Cadogan, ibid. 56. Johnson, ibid. 57. 'Palestine', 3 Dec 1947, CP(47)320, CAB 129/22. 58. UNO GAOR, Report of the UN Palestine Commission. 59. Miller, Plain Speaking, pp. 216-17. 60. Kennan to Marshall, 20 Jan 1948, FRUS, 1948, vol. Y, pt 2

(Washington, DC, 1976) pp. 545--6. 61. Rusk to Lovett, 26 Jan 1948, ibid., pp. 556-62. 62. Henderson to Rusk, 6 Feb 1948, and Rusk to Lovett, 11 Feb 1948,

ibid., pp. 600-3 and 617-18. 63. Macatee to Marshall, 9 Feb 1948, ibid., pp. 605-12. 64. State Department to Truman, 21 Feb 1948, and Truman to Marshall,

22 Feb 1948, ibid., pp. 637-40 and 645. 65. Austin to Security Council, 24 Feb 1948, UNO SCaR 1948. 66. Weizmann, Trial and Error, p. 577; Harry S. Truman, Memoirs (New

York, 1956) vol. II, pp. 171-2. 67. Humelsine to Marshall, 22 Mar 1948, FRUS, vol. Y, pt 2, pp. 749-50. 68. Eban, Autobiography, p. 103. 69. McClintock to Lovett, 22 Apr 1948, FRUS, 1948, vol. Y, pt 2, pp.

845--6. 70. Memorandum of conversation, 2 May 1948, ibid., pp. 882-6. 71. Memorandum by Clifford, 8 May 1948, ibid., pp. 935-6.

NOTES TO CONCLUSION

1. Moon, Divide and Quit, p. 293; Hodson, Great Divide, pp. 403-18. 2. First Interim Report of the UN Economic Survey Mission for the

Middle East, 1949, UNO GAOR document Al1106.

Bibliography PRIMARY SOURCES

1 Manuscript Collections

Lloyd George Collection: House of Lords Record Office, London. Montgomery of Blessingbourne Collection: Public Record Office of Northern

Ireland, Belfast. Weizmann Archive: Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel.

2 British Official Records: Unpublished

Public Record Office, London: PRO CAB 23, 24, 128, 129; CO 733. Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, Belfast: PRONI CAB 4.

3 British Official Records: Published

PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES House of Commons Debates, 5th ser., 1920, vol. 127; 1937, vol. 326. House of Lords Debates, 5th ser., 1937, vol. CVI. Northern Ireland House of Commons Debates, 1921-2.

PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS Proposals of the British Government for an Irish Settlement, 20 July 1921,

Cmd 1502 (1921). Articles of Agreement for a Treaty between Great Britain and Ireland, Cmd

1560 (1921). Correspondence between His Majesty's Government and the Prime Minister of

Northern Ireland, Cmd 1561 (1921). Report of the Irish Boundary Commission 1925, introduced by Geoffrey J.

Hand (Shannon, 1969). Report of the Indian Statutory Commission, 2 vols, Cmd 3568-9 (1930). Palestine Royal Commission Report, Cmd 5479 (1937). Palestine Partition Report, Cmd 5854 (1938).

DOCUMENTARY SERIES The Transfer of Power 1942-1947, editor-in-chief N. Mansergh, vols I-X

(London, 1970-81).

210

Bibliography

4 United Nations Papers

General Assembly Official Records, 1947-8. Security Council Official Records, 1948.

5 Other Documentary Collections

Ben-Gurion, D., Letters to Paula (London, 1968).

211

The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vols LXXI and LXXVIII (New Delhi, 1968 and 1979).

The Conflict of Nationality in Modern Ireland, ed. A. C. Hepburn (London, 1980).

Debate on the Treaty between Great Britain and Ireland (Dublin, n.d.). The Evolution of India and Pakistan, 1858-1947, ed. C. H. Philips (London,

1962). Foreign Relations of the United States, 1946, vol. VII; 1947, vol. v; and 1948,

vol. v, part 2 (Washington, DC, 1969,1971 and 1976). Irish Unionism 1885-1923, ed. P. Buckland (Belfast, 1973). The Israel-Arab Reader, ed. W. Laqueur, rev. edn (London, 1970). M. A. Jinnah - Ispahani Correspondence, ed. Z. H. Zaidi (Karachi, 1976). The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann, ser. A, vol. XVIII (Jerusalem,

1979). Letters of Iqbal to Jinnah (Lahore, 1943). The Middle East, 1914-1979, ed. T. G. Fraser (London, 1980). Nehru: The First Sixty Years, ed. D. Norman, 2 vols (London, 1965). Quaid-e-Azam Jinnah's Correspondence, ed. S. S. Pirzada (Karachi, 1977). Speeches and Documents on the Indian Constitution, ed. M. Gwyer and A.

Appadorai, 2 vols (London, 1957). Speeches and Writings of Mr Jinnah, ed. Jamil-ud-din Ahmad, 2 vols

(Lahore, 1968). Speeches, Writings and Statements of Iqbal, ed. Latif Ahmed Sherwani,

(Lahore, 1977).

6 Memoirs and Diaries

Azad, A. K., India Wins Freedom (Delhi, 1959). Begin, M., The Revolt (London, 1952). Ben-Gurion, D., Recollections (London, 1970). The Cadogan Diaries, ed. D. Dilks (London, 1971). Campbell-Johnson, A., Mission with Mountbatten (London, 1951). Eban, A., An Autobiography (London, 1977). Garcia-Granados, Jorge, The Birth of Israel (New York, 1948). The Forrestal Diaries, ed. W. Millis (New York, 1951). Glubb, Sir J., A Soldier with the Arabs (London, 1957). George, D. Lloyd, War Memoirs, 2 vol (London, 1938). Thomas Jones: Whitehall Diary, ed. K. Middlemass (London, 1971) vol. III. Miller, M., Plain Speaking (London, 1974).

212 Bibliography

Meir, G., My Life (London, 1975). Moon, P., Divide and Quit (London, 1962). Phillips, W., Ventures in Diplomacy (London, 1955). Rendel, Sir G., The Sword and the Olive (London, 1957). Truman, Harry S., Memoirs, vol. II (New York, 1956). Tuker, Sir F., While Memory Serves (London, 1950). Wavell: The Viceroy's Journal, ed. P. Moon (London, 1973). Weizmann, c., Trial and Error (London, 1949). Williams, L. F. Rushbrook, Inside Both Indias 1914-1938 (Cirencester,

n.d.).

7 Personal Correspondence

Sir Harold Beeley. Loy W. Henderson. Sir John Martin. Professor L. F. Rushbrook Williams.

SECONDARY SOURCES

In the course of preparing this book, I have consulted many secondary works, but, as there are substantial bibliographies on the histories of Ireland, India and Palestine, I have limited myself below to a number of suggestions for pursuing some further aspects of partition.

Antonius, G., The Arab Awakening (London, 1938). Bell, J. Bowyer, The Secret Army (London, 1970). Bethell, N., The Palestine Triangle (London, 1979). Blake, R., The Unknown Prime Minister (London, 1955). Bolitho, H., Jinnah (London, 1954). Brecher, M., Nehru (London, 1959). Buckland, P., Irish Unionism, vol. I: The Anglo-Irish and the Making of the

New Ireland, 1885-1922 (Dublin, 1972); vol. II: Ulster Unionism and the Origins of Northern Ireland, 188fr-1922 (Dublin, 1973). --, The Factory of Grievances (Dublin, 1979). --, James Craig (Dublin, 1980). --, A History of Northern Ireland (Dublin, 1981).

Cohen, M. J., Palestine: Retreat from the Mandate (London, 1978). --, Palestine and the Great Powers 1945-1948 (Princeton, 1982).

Connell, J., Auchinleck (London, 1959). Coupland, R., Report on the Constitutional Problem in India, 3 pts (London,

1942-3). Gopal, S., Jawaharlal Nehru, vol. I (London, 1975). Gwynn, D., The History of Partition (Dublin, 1950). Hachey, T. E., The Problem of Partition: Peril to World Peace (Chicago, 1972). Harbinson, J. F., The Ulster Unionist Party 1882-1973 (Belfast, 1973).

Bibliography

Hardy, P., The Muslims of British India (Cambridge, 1972). Hezlet, Sir A., The 'B' Specials (London, 1972). Hodson, H. V., The Great Divide (London, 1969). Jalland, P., The Liberals and Ireland (Brighton, 1980).

213

Longford, Earl of, and O'Neill, T. P. Eamon de Valera (London, 1970). Lyons, F. S. L., Ireland since the Famine (Glasgow, 1973). Moore, R. J., Churchill, Cripps and India (London, 1979). Mujeeb, M., The Indian Muslims (London, 1967). Nehru, J., The Discovery of India (London, 1946). Nicolson, H., King George the Fifth (London, 1952). Pakenham, F. (Lord Longford), Peace by Ordeal (London, 1935). Pandey, B. N., The Break-up of British India (London, 1969). Philips, C. H., and Wainwright, M. D., The Partition of India (London,

1970). Rose, N. A., The Gentile Zionists (London, 1973). Royal Institute of International Affairs, Great Britain and Palestine ]9]5-39

(London, 1939). Tendulkar, D. G., Mahatma, 8 vols (New Delhi, 1951). Sachar, H., A History of Israel (London, 1976). Sayeed, K. B., Pakistan: The Formative Phase (London, 1968). Stephens, I., Pakistan (London, 1963). Stewart, A. T. Q., The Ulster Crisis (London, 1967). Sykes, C., Cross Roads to Israel (London, 1965). Chaim Weizmann, ed. M. W. Weisgal and J. Carmichael (London, 1962). Williams, L. F. Rushbrook, The State of Pakistan (London, 1966). Wilson, E. M., Decision on Palestine (Princeton, NJ, 1979).

Index Act of Union (1800), 9 Africa, partition, 5 Agar-Robartes, Thomas, 21 Ahmad Khan, Sayyid, 72 AI-Haq, Fazl, 71, 80, 89 Alexander, A. V., member of

Cabinet Mission, 98 Alexander II, Tsar, assassination, 14 Alexander the Great, 3 Ali Khan, Liaquat, 71

challenge to Gandhi, 82 conference with Attlee govern­

ment (1946), 114 obstructs work of interim govern­

ment, 118 Amery, Leo, 7, 138

agrees with 'Two Nation' theory, 85

offers constitutional conference, 86

Anglo-American Committee of In­quiry (on Palestine), 155

Anglo-Irish Treaty conference convened, 51 Craig's castigation of, 61 debates in the Dail, 65 provokes controversy, 60 terms, 60

Anti-semitism, 13 causing immigration from Europe,

16 inflamed by assassination of Alex­

ander II, 14 Antonius, George, 141 Arab community, international,

views on Palestine partition proposal, 142-3

Arab Higher Committee, 16, 171, 195

political naivety, 152

total rejection of partition, 141 Arab-Israeli wars, 192, 193 Arab National Conference, total re­

jection of partition, 141 Arabs in Palestine

flight, 190, 193 gain MacDonald's support, 149 Labour government seek to avoid

alienation, 153 lack of post-war success, 152 no support for case in parliamen­

tary debate, 139 opposition prevent acceptance of

Peel Report, 137 portrayal in Peel Commission Re­

port, 133-4 proportion in proposed Jewish

state, 177 question of removal from Jewish

areas, 144, 145 reaction to UN vote on partition,

183 refuse to attend Palestine Confer­

ence (1946), 156 rejection of independence propos­

al, 159 rejection of UNSCOP proposals,

166, 181 resistance to partition, 158 support from UN subcommittee,

176 total rejection of partition, 141

Asquith, H. H., 10, 21 at meeting on Ulster exclusion, 22

Attlee, Clement 93, 138 puts Mountbatten plan to Cabinet,

126 replaces Wavell with Mountbat­

ten, 115 Aurangzib, 11

214

Index 215

Austin, Warren, 168, 186, 1'88 Austro-Hungarian Ausgleich (1867),

5-7 Azad, Maulana, 88, 94, 118

attempt to retain unity, 101-2 consulted by Cabinet Mission,

100-1 scheme favoured by Cripps, 106-7

Bach, Alexander, 6 Balfour, Arthur, 25, 27, 40

opposition to Cabinet Committee proposals, 29-30, 32

Balfour Declaration (1917), 15, 139, 172,176

Bangladesh, 192 Bangor, Lord, 34 Barton, Robert, 47, 51 Basu, Bhupendranath, 69 Bates, Dawson, 34 Beeley, Harold, 151, 173, 189 Belfast, segregation into religious

communities, 9 Bengal

boundary commission, 128 in constitution negotiations, 101,

102-3 partition, 13, 118, 120--1, 122

Ben-Gurion, David, 149, 162, 190, 196

consulted on partition in London, 158

in London (1938), 146 presents partition case to UN­

SCOP, 163 reaction to UNSCOP proposals,

166 Bevin, Ernest, 151

opposition to partition, 157, 159 opposition to Zionist claims, 153 paper on UK position on UN-

SCOP decisions, 183 reaction to UNSCOP proposals,

170 Birkenhead, Lord, 40, 53, 54, 29, 39 Birnbaum, Nathan, 13 Black and Tans, 40 'Bloody Sunday' (1920), 40 Blum, Leon, 180

Blum, Nicholas, 161 Bonar Law, Andrew, 21, 25, 40, 56

at meeting on Ulster exclusion, 22

opposition to Lloyd George's proposals (1921), 55, 58

Boundaries Anglo-Irish confertllCe negotia­

tions, 57,60 ethnic and state coterminous, 5 Ireland, decision made, 33; pro­

posals of Cabinet Committee disputed, 32

of Bengal and Punjab, 128 proposals of commission on Ire­

land's partition, 66-7 proposed by UNSCOP, 165 security factors, 62-3

Brandeis, Louis, 140-1 Britain

adopts negative policy on Pales­tine, 160

campaign against presence in In­dia,89

replaces Turkey in Palestine, 14-15

Brugha, Cathal, 26, 51, 65 Bullard, Reader, 143 Burrows, Sir Frederick, 99, 102-3

Cabinet Committee on the Irish Question, 28-9

Cadogan, Sir Alexander, 175, 181-2 Calcutta, Direct Action day, 112-13 Caroe, Sir Olaf, 99 Carolingian empire, division, 3 Carson, Sir Edward, 10, 20, 26

amendment to Home Rule Bill, 21 at meeting on Ulster exclusion, 22 mandated to negotiate for parti-

tion, 24 negotiations on early Home Rule

implementation, 22-3 speech on Home Rule Bill, 36-7 vote against nine-county parlia­

ment, 34 Chamberlain, Austen, 40, 53, 56, 62 Chamberlain, Neville, 142

216 Index

committee on Palestinian policy, 149

on eve of war, 148-9 Palestine problem in international

context, 145 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor,

division on abdication, 4 Childers, Erskine, 51

death,65 China, partition foreseen in 1890s, 5 Churchill, Winston, 20, 40, 86, 138

anti-partition stance, 139 Clanwilliam, Lord, 34 Clark, Ernest, 43 Clifford, Clark, 154, 190 Clow, Sir Andrew, 99 Clynes, J. R., 38 Cohalan, Daniel (US judge), 27 Collins, Michael, 26, 51, 52, 60, 194

death, 65 meeting with Craig, 61

Constantine, 3 Cork, burning of (1920), 40 Coupland, Reginald, 175

background, 130 consultations with Weizmann, 136 drafts report on Peel Commission,

133 loss of prominence, 146 partition proposal put to Weiz­

mann, 131 report available to UNSCOP

members, 164 views on partition, 130--1

Craig, Charles, 37, 39 Craig, Sir James, 41, 61, 194, 196

at meeting on Ulster exclusion, 22 disagreement with proposals for

united Ireland, 53-4, 62-3 invited to conference in London,

47 Northern Ireland's first premier,

43 opposition to all-Ireland parlia­

ment,56 opposition to boundary commis­

sion, 66 post-Government of Ireland Act

consultations, 46-7

views on dominion-status propos­al, 31, 40, 48-9

Crawford, Frederick, 35 Creech-Jones, Arthur, 156, 157, 176

opposition to Arab claims, 158 paper on UK position on UN­

SCOP decisions, 183 partition ruled out in Cabinet re­

port, 159 Cripps, Sir Stafford, 93

anti-partition policy evolves, 108-9

Cabinet proposals taken to Indian leaders, 87

favours Azad's scheme, 106-7 interpretation of Cabinet propos-

als, 88 member of Cabinet Mission, 98 memorandum on Pakistan, 104 negotiations with Jinnah, 102

Crossman, Richard, 155 Crum, Bartley, 155 Cumberland, Duke of, 10 Cunningham, Sir Alan, 158 Curzon, Lord, 40

Dail Eireann, 26 De Valera, Eamon, 26

absent from 1921 conference in London, 51

alternative to Anglo-Irish treaty, 63

invited to conference in London, 47

resigns as President of Sinn Fein, 65

success in 1917 by-election, 25 Deak, Franz, 6 Delhi, Sultanate, 11 Devlin, Joe, 38, 39 Dillon, John, at meeting on Ulster

exclusion, 22 Diocletian, 3 Direct Action campaign in India, 112 Dreyfus, Alfred, 13 Dublin, Easter Rising (1916), 22 Dufferin, Marquess of, 138 Duffy, George Gavan, 51

Index 217

Dugdale, Blanche, 135 Duggan, E. J., 47, 51

Eban, Abba, 162-3, 164 Economic affairs

consequent on partition of India, 33,84

effect on partition of Ireland, 194 factor in Anglo-Irish conference,

55,58 in UN subcommittee's report on

Palestine, 177 little regarded by nationalist in­

terests, 17 seen as spur to Irish unity, 64

Eden, Anthony criticism of Peel proposals, 137 critique of partition, 143-4 resigns as Foreign Secretary, 148

Elliott, Walter, committee on Palestinian policy, 149

Entezam, Nasrollah, 161 Executive Council (India), opposi­

tion to partition, 100

Fabregat, Rodriquez, 161 Farnham, Baron, 34 Feetham, Richard, 66-7 Fisher, H. A. L., 40 Fisher, J. R., 66 Frangie, Hamid, 164 French, Field Marshal Lord John,

27,40 Friends of Irish Freedom, 27

Galilee, 157, 166, 172 Jewish claims, 136 US opposition to Jewish claim,

174 Gandhi, Mahatma Mohandas, 13,

194 accepts principle of partition, 123 assassination, 193 at Round Table Conference in

London (1931), 71 consulted by Cabinet Mission,

100-1 inclusion of Zakir Hussein as Con­

gress member, 110

opposition to 'Two Nation' theory, 82

reaction to Cabinet proposals, 87 reaction to 'Pakistan Resolution,

81 relationship with Jinnah, 70 war-time discussions with Jinnah,

89-91 George V, opening Northern Ireland

Parliament, 45 Germany, partition, 2 Gladstone, William Ewart, intro­

duces Home Rule Bills, 10 Glancy, Sir Bernard, 87, 99, 102 Government, characteristic arrange­

ments at partition, 6-7 Government of India Act (1935), 71,

124 invoked during Punjab violence,

117 Government of Ireland Act as sacrifice by Unionists, 56 Bill attacked by Nationalist MPs,

38-9 debate on Bill, 36-9 first elections to Northern Ireland

Parliament, 43 second chambers in projected par-

liaments, 42 Granados, Garcia, 161 Greenwood, Sir Hamar, 40 Griffith, Arthur, 7, 47, 51, 52, 57,

194 death, 65

Gromyko, Andrei, 161

The Hague, Treaty of (1698), 4 Hammond, Sir Laurie, 132 Hannegan, Robert, 154 Harbison, Thomas, 38, 39 Hayat Khan, Khizar, 89, 103, 117 Hayat Khan, Sir Sikander, 89 Henderson, Loy W., 154, 167-9,

185, 189 Herzl, Theodor, 13-14 Hilldring, Maj.-Gen. John, 168 Hindus in India

build-up of segregated communi­ties, 18

218 Index

contrasted with Muslims, 12 dominant in politics, 13 Jinnah's view, 79

Hitler, Adolf, 16 Hoare, Sir Samuel, committee on

Palestinian policy, 149 Hodson, H. V., 85 Home Rule Bill (1912), 21

suspended until after Second World War, 22

Hood, John, 161 Horowitz, David, 162-3, 164, 181 Hungary, see Austro-Hungarian Aus-

gleich Huque, Sir Azizul, 100 Hussein. Zakir, 110 Husseini, Jamal, 158, 161, 171, 182,

183

India as empire in own right, 2 brought into Second World War,

79 Cabinet Mission plan, 109-10, 195 constitution negotiations, 97-112 date set for transfer of power, 116 de facto division on religious lines,

83 discussions on government struc-

ture,7 Dominion status, 124--6 Independence Day, 127-8 legacy from partition, 192 Mountbatten's partition plan, 122 outbreaks of violence, 112-13 partition brought into discussions

with Britain, 89 problems of princely states, 128 Sayyid Ahmad Khan's view of di­

visions, 72 Simon Commission's views on

obstacles to unity, 74 source of cultural legacy, 11 timetable to partition, 127-8 widespread unrest (1947), 119 see also Hindus in India; Muslims

in India India Office, briefings for Cabinet

Mission to India, 96-7

Indian National Army, 94, 96 Indian National Congress, 195

elections (1937), 71 Iqbal, Sir Muhammad, 73, 129, 195

correspondence with Jinnah, 75-6 death, 78 eight principles of an Islamic state,

75 speech foreseeing partition, 73-4 unknown to Labour government,

93 Ireland

Act of Union (1800), 9 bases of Cabinet Committee pro­

posals,30 boundaries decided, 33 build-up of segregated communi-

ties, 17-18 Cabinet Committee (Long), 28-9 Catholic power eclipsed, 9 civil war in south, 65 conference, September 1921, 51 conference on situation (1920), 40 continuing unrest, 192 Council of Ireland, 7 Coupland's views on partition,

130--1 Craig'S attempt to reach harmony

with South, 61-2 discussions on Ulster exclusion

from Home Rule, 21 Dominion status negotiations, 40,

41-2,47-8 Easter Rising (1916), 22 effect of 1918 General Election on

partition negotiations, 25 effect of self-determination princi­

pIe, 27 factors in Ulster exclusion from

Home Rule, 22 first elections under Government

of Ireland Act, 43 geographical basis of partition, 24 government's policy commitment,

26 Home Rule crisis (1912-14), 20 integral part of UK from 1800, 2 Irish American campaign against

settlement, 27

Index 219

Nationalists' view of Government of Ireland Bill, 38

Northern Ireland Parliament, 43 organisation of Special Constabu-

lary, 43 origins of Protestant community, 8 partition becomes fact (1922), 65 plantation policy, 8 policy of 'no coercion' of Ulster,

46-7, 50, 52 politicising group identity, 8

proposal for transfer of power to Belfast, 56

proposal for unity with Ulster as provincial legislature under Dublin, 53-4

provisional government formed (1912), 10

Scots and English settlers, 8 six-county parliament, 34-5 Ulster in all-Ireland context, 46-7 Ulster rising (1641), 8-9 unity preferred by many in UK,

195 violence of 1920, 40 see also Protestant community in

Ireland Irish Convention (1917-18), 25 Irish Republican Army (IRA)

at war with Craig's government, 62

attacks during 1922-3, 65 formation, 26 view of Government of Ireland

Bill,39-40 Ismay, Lord, 123 Israel, state proclaimed, 191

Jabotinsky, Vladimir, 17 Jenkins, Sir Evan, 113, 117 Jerusalem, 134, 172, 182

as focus of Jewish aspirations, 13 importance to Christians and Mus­

lims, 14 UNSCOP proposal, 166

Jewish Agency, 15 and Foreign Office attack on parti­

tion, 145, 146 reject trusteeship, 190

Jewish Colonial Trust, 14 Jewish community, international

background to demands for Jewish state, 152

seeking refuge from atrocities, 148, 155

views on Palestine partition pro­posal, 142-3

Jewish National Fund, 14, 15 Jews in Palestine

achieve de facto partition, 190 campaign of violence at end of

war, 152 effects on social life, 16 origins of community, 13 population in 1914, 14 portrayal in Peel Commission Re­

port, 133-4 reaction to UN vote on partition,

183 refuse to attend Palestine Confer-

ence (1946), 156 rising numbers in 1930s, 16 under British Mandate, 15 see also Zionist Movement

Jinnah, Mohammad Ali, 194, 196 acceptance of Mountbatten's plan,

125 adopts 'Two Nation' theory, 76, 81 alienation from mainstream

nationalist activities, 70 at Round Table Conference in

London (1931), 71 broadcasts on partition decision,

127 character, 69 conference with Attlee govern­

ment (1946), 114 correspondence with Iqbal, 75-6 develops idea of Pakistan openly,

83 interviews with Mountbatten, 120 leading movement for partition,

68 meeting with Cripps, 88 negotiations with Cabinet Mis­

sion, 107-8 origins, 68-9 political rise, 69

220 Index

presents case to Cabinet Mission, 102

reaction to Mountbatten's plan, 123

reasons for campaign success, 72 relationship with Gandhi, 70 Time and Tide article, 79--80 unknown to Labour government,

93 war-time discussions with Gandhi,

89-91 Johnson, Herschel, 175, 182

announces US support for Palesti­nian partition, 172

Jones, Morgan, 139 anti-partition stance, 139, 140

Jones, Thomas, 41, 54

Karlowicz, Peace of (1699), 5 Kennan, George F., 185 Khalliquzzaman, Choudry, 80 Korea, partition, 2 Kossuth, Louis, 6 Kripalani, J. B., 121

Lampson, Miles, 143 Lansdowne, Lord, 24

at meeting on Ulster exclusion, 22 Linlithgow, Lord, 92

declares India at war with Ger­many, 79

offers advance to full Dominion status, 84

opposition to Amery's plan, 86-7 Lisicky, Karl, 161 Lloyd George, David, 9, 20, 194, 196

alternative proposals for Anglo-Irish settlement, 54

anti-partition stance, 139 at meeting on Ulster exclusion, 22 collapse of negotiations, 25 conference on Irish situation

(1920),40 consults Craig on Ulster view­

point, 31 negotiations on early Home Rule

implementation, 22-3 negotiations with Sinn Fein, 47-8 political position following 1918

Election, 25 presentation of Sinn Fein's prop­

osals to Craig, 55 unofficial consultations with de

Valera, 45, 46 views on Craig's proposals at 1921

conference, 58 winding up debate on Gov­

ernment of Ireland Bill, 37-8 London, Accord of (1700), 4 Long, Walter, 28, 40

view of Dominion-status proposal, 41-2

Lovers of Zion, 14 Lovett, Robert A., 167 Lucknow Pact (1916), 69 Lueger, Karl, 13

Macatee, Robert, 187 McDonald, James, 155 MacDonald, Malcolm, 145

committee on Palestinian policy, 149

replaces Ormsby-Gore, 148 White Paper on Palestine (1939),

149--50 Macedonian empire, division, 3 MacEntee, Sean, 64 McMahon, Sir Henry, 15 MacMahon, Sir James, 40 MacMichael, Sir Harold, replaces

Wauchope, 148 MacNeill, Eoin, 66 Macpherson, Ian, 37, 38 Macready, Sir Neville, 40 Mahmud of Ghazni, 11 Mamdot, Nawab of, 103, 117 Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria,

6 Marshall, George C., 167, 169, 185 Martin, John, 151 Maximian, 3 Melchett, Lord, 145

anti-partition stance, 139 Menon, Krishna, 121 Menon, V. P., 124 Mieville, Sir Eric, 124 Moles, Thomas, 34 Montagu, Edwin, 70

Index 221

Monteath, Sir David, 96 Montgomery, Hugh de Fellenberg,

34,35,36 Morrison-Grady Plan, 156, 157-8 Mountbatten, Lord Louis, 103

address to Chamber of Princes, 128

at independence celebrations, 129 broadcasts on partition decision,

127 Cabinet Mission plan unworkable,

111 constitutional preferences, 119 date set for transfer of power, 116 interviews with Jinnah, 120 produces partition plan, 122 replaces Wavell, 115 terms of reference, 116--17

Moyne, Lord, assassination, 153, 155

Mudie, Sir Francis, 99 Mughal (Timurid) Dynasty, 11 Mulcahy, Richard, 26 Muslim League, 13

absence from Constituent Assem­bly, 118

at low ebb in 1937, 71 demands on partition of Muslim

state, 80 faction fighting in Bengal, 95 Jinnah's interest in, 69 'Pakistan Resolution', 80 rapid growth from 1937, 78 rejection of Cabinet proposals, 88 repudiate Cabinet Mission plan,

112, 114--15 results of 1945 elections, 96, 98 turned into mass organisation, 76

Muslims in India adopt 'Two Nation' theory, 72 build-up of segregated communi-

ties, 18 cause of partition of India, 68 complexities of community, 12 contrasted with Hinduism, 12 growing political activism, 13 interrelationship of religion and

state, 74 Jinnah's need to consolidate sup-

port, 94--5 object to provincial government

actions, 77 origins, 11 policy on non-coercion adopted,

84 population in key districts of Pun­

jab, 104--5 reasons for adherence, 12

Nair, Sankaran, 69 Namier, Louis, 135 Nationalism

at root of Palestine problem, 131 little reference to economic condi­

tions, 17 problems of definition, 5

Negev, 163, 165, 174 Jewish claims, 136

Nehru, Jawaharlal, 71, 101 accepted in Labour Party circles,

93 anticipates growth of central au­

thority, 111 broadcasts on partition decision,

127 conference with Attlee govern­

ment (1946), 114 Discovery of India, 94 fear of 'Balkanisation' of India,

124--5 on partition of Bengal and Punjab,

118 reaction against Mountbatten's

plan, 124 reaction to Cabinet proposals, 87 reaction to 'Pakistan Resolution',

81 Nehru, Motilal, 70 New Zionist Organisation, 17 Niles, David K., 154

O'Connell, Daniel, 9 O'Connor, James, Lord Justice, 32 O'Connor, T. P., 38 O'Duffy, Eoin, 63 Opposition to partition, characteris­

tic of run-up period, 1 Orange Order, 9-10, 54, 62

222 Index

Ormsby-Gore, William consultations with Weizmann, 136 in favour of partition proposal,

133 less powerful in government, 146 memorandum on policy on Pales­

tine, 144 parliamentary debate on partition,

138 parliamentary defence of Peel re­

port, 139 partition case presented to Man­

dates Commission, 141-2 replaced by MacDonald, 148

Pakistan, 194 advice of provincial governors,

99-100 breaks up (1971), 192 conceded by Congress, 121 Congress's views put to Cabinet

Mission, 100 delineated by Jinnah, 91-2, 95 destructive analysis by India

Office, 97 idea promulgated by Indians in

England, 77 Iqbal's view, 75 opposition from British officials in

India, 196 origin of name, 77 two unconnected parts, 106 Viceroy's views, 85

'Pakistan Resolution', 77, 80 Palestine

analysis of population by subdis­trict, 178

Arab-Israeli wars, 192 background to first partition pro­

posal, 16-17 Balfour Declaration (1917), 15 British foreign policy consider­

ations in partition, 157 build-up of segregated communi­

ties, 18 Cabinet proposal for partition

(1944), 154-5 changes after First World War,

14-15

Coupland's proposals for partition in Report, 134

economic union in UN plan, 7 Foreign Office analysis of interna­

tional feelings on partition, 142-3

government reverse policy on partition, 149

independence proposals, 159 Palestine Partition Commission,

145 parliamentary attack on partition

proposal, 139-40 partition debated in Parliament,

138 partitIOn moves split by Second

World War, 130 partition opposed in many quar­

ters, 195 Peel Report presented to govern­

ment,136-7 position in 1914, 14 position of Arabs under British

mandate, 15-16 situation under Mandate, 133 status before partition, 2 timetable for partition, 182-3 timetable for British withdrawal,

184 see also Jews in Palestine

Palestine Conference (1946), 156-9 Partition

component of violence, 196 criteria, 1-2 examples from earlier periods, 3 not satisfactory to all parties, 192-

3 opposing views on, 1 political and historical interpreta­

tion,4 similarity of features, 194

'Partition Treaties', 4 Patel, Sardar, 94, 101 Pearse, Patrick, 24 Pearson, Lester, 175 Peel, Lord

death, 146 illness, 133 terms of reference, 130

Index 223

Peel Report parliamentary defence, 138, 139 post-war consideration of propos­

als, 151 Pethick-Lawrence, Lord

member of Cabinet Mission, 98 pacifist ideals, 93

Pirpur Report, 77 Poland, partitions of, 4 Protestant community in Ireland

Churchill's proposal to arm, 41 eclipsing Catholics, 9 evangelical revival (1859), 10 origins, 8 threatened by Home Rule Bills, 10 see also Orange Order

Punjab boundary commission, 128 Boundary Force set up, 129 in constitution negotiations, 101,

102-3 Muslim population in key districts,

104-5 partition, 118, 120-1, 122 upsurge of violence, 117 violence in 1940s, 193

Radcliffe, Sir Cyril, 128, 129 Rahman, Sir Abdur, 161 Rahmat Ali, Choudhary, 77 Rai, Lajpat, 69 Rajagopalachari, C. R., 90 'Rajaji formula', 90, 91 Rakocki, Francis,S Rand, Ivan, 161 Reading, Lord, anti-partition stance,

139 Redmond, John, 10,21,24

at meeting on Ulster exclusion, 22 collapse of negotiations, 25 negotiations on early Home Rule

implementation, 22-3 Redmond, William, 38, 39 Rees, Major-General, T. W., 129 Rendel, George, 143 Ricarilo, Brigadier-General, 34 Richardson, Sir George, 24 Roden, Lord, 34 Roman empire, division into east

and west, 3 Roosevelt, Eleanor, 168 Rumbold, Sir Horace, 132 Rushbrook Williams, L. F., 69, 71,

75 Rusk, Dean, 186

Salazar, Ambassador, 161 Salvidge, Sir Archibald, 54 Samuel, Lord, anti-partition stance,

139, 140 Sandstrom, Emil, 161, 162 Sarnath, N. M., 69 Self-determination principle, during

First World War, 27 Shertok, Moshe, 135, 162

views on partition proposal, 136 Sikhs, in Punjab, 103-4

not aided by Radcliffe Award, 193 position on partition, 84

Silver, Abba Hillel, 172 Simic, Vladimir, 161 Simla Conference (1945), 95 Simon, Sir John, committee on

Palestinian policy, 149 Simon Commission, 70, 74, 93 Sinclair, Sir Archibald, 138

anti-partition stance, 139 Singh, Baldev, 103

conference with Attlee govern­ment (1946), 114

Singh, Tara, 103 Sinn Fein, 194, 195

at 1920 conference, 40 constitute Dail Eireann, 26 de Valera elected President, 25 'free association' proposal, 49 internal strife over Treaty terms,

62-3 invited to conference on Ireland's

connection with Empire, 50-1 policy on partition, 51 political and military challenges

(1919), 26-7 post-Government of Ireland Act

attitude, 45 proposals opposed by Conserva­

tive Party conference, 54-5

224 Index

proposals put to Lloyd George (1921), 49

ready to reach accommodation with Empire, 53

recruits from Redmond's Nationalists, 24

results of elections under Govern­ment of Ireland Act, 43

rise in popularity, 25 seeks withdrawal of government's

support for Unionist line, 52 sign Anglo-Irish Treaty, 59 success in 1918 General Election,

25 unofficial communication channels

with London, 45 view of Government of Ireland

Bill,39-40 Smuts, General Jan Christian, 45,

47,49 Soviet Union

proposal for UN force in Pales­tine, 174

support for partition, 181 support for Jewish state, 161, 167,

173 Spanish Succession, War of the, 4 Stephens, Ian, 113, 114 Stronge, Sir James, 34 Suhrawardy, H. S., 102-3, 112, 124 Supreme Moslem Council (Pales-

tine), 15-16 Swinton, Viscount, 138

Thompson, Edward, 75 Timurid Dynasty, see Mughal

(Timurid) Dynasty Tov, Moshe, 164 Truman, Harry, 167, 181, 188

support for Zionism, 154, 188-9 Tudor, Major-General, 40 Tuker, Sir Francis, 113

Ulster Convention (1892), 10 Ulster Covenant, 21 Ulster Special Constabulary, 41, 196 Ulster Unionists, 10, 34-5

aristocratic support, 34 at 1920 conference, 40

Balfour's support, 29-30, 32 Council name Craig first premier,

43 support from English Conserva­

tives and Liberals, 20-1, 51 views consulted by government,

31 Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), 10,

196 formation, 21

Unionist Clubs, formation, 10 United Nations Palestine Commis­

sion, 182-3, 184 United Nations Security Council,

183, 188 role in securing partition of Pales­

tine, 184-5 United Nations Special Committee

on Palestine (UNSCOP), 130 British reaction to proposals, 169-

70 members, 161 proposals fail to find acceptance,

171 skill of Zionist leaders, 196 support partition, 165 terms of reference, 161 US reactions to proposals, 167

United Nations (UN) Ad Hoc Committee on the Palesti­

nian Question, 171 Palestine problem referred to,

159, 160 proposal to set up commission on

Palestine, 175 results of Ad Hoc Committee's de­

liberations, 179-80 special session of General Assem­

bly convened, 160-1 statement of US policy on parti­

tion of Palestine, 186 subcommittees of Ad Hoc Com­

mittee set up, 173 trusteeship plan rejected, 189 vote on Palestine partition, 182

United States, Irish American in­volvement in partition, 27

UNSCOP, see United Nations Spe­cial Committee on Palestine

Index 225

(UNSCOP) Ussishkin, Menachem, 140-1

Va ad Leumi, 15, 16 Valens, 3 Valentini an , 3 Verdun, Treaty of (843), 3--4 Vietnam, partition, 2

Wauchope, Sir Arthur in favour of partition proposal,

133 replaced by MacMichael, 148 support for partition, 135

Wavell, Lord, 108-9, 196 at Simla Conference, 95 'Breakdown Plan', 115, 116 conference with Attlee govern-

ment (1946), 114 interim government proposal, 112 member of Cabinet Mission, 98 negotiations with Jinnah, 102 replaced by Mountbatten, 115 united India as objective, 92

Weizmann, Chaim, 149, 174, 180, 183, 196

cautious approach to proposals, 135

consultation with Anglo­American Committee of In­quiry, 155

consultations in London, 136 hears Coupland's partition prop­

osal, 131 informal discussions in London,

138 meeting with Truman, 188 presents partition case to UN­

SCOP, 163 returns to London (1938), 146

William III, support in Ireland, 9 Wise, Stephen, 140-1

Woodhead, Sir John, 149, 157, 175, 194

Palestine Partition Commission chairman, 145

presents commission's report, 146-8

Woolf, Leonard, 93 Worthington-Evans, Sir Laming, 29 Wyatt, Woodrow, 100, 110, 114-15 Wylie, W. E., 40, 41

Zafrullah Khan, Sir Muhammad, 176,177

Zetland, Marquess of committee on Palestinian policy,

149 criticism of Peel proposals, 137

Zionist movement, 13 American branch's suspicion of

partition, 140-1 case presented to UNSCOP, 162-

3 consulted on partition in London,

158 continuing violence, 156 Executive Meeting accepts parti­

tion, 156 extraordinary conference de­

mands a Jewish Common­wealth in Palestine, 152

First Congress, Basle, 14 post-war US support, 154 reaction to partition proposal, 135 reaction to UNSCOP proposals,

166 Twentieth Congress, Zurich, 140-

1 view of MacDonald, 148 view on independence proposal,

159 see also Jews in Palestine; New

Zionist Organisation