1 Who Are Nurses and Where Have They Gone? • 21

Notes

In these endnotes, The Truth About Nursing is abbreviated “TAN” and the Center for Nursing Advocacy as “CFNA.” Please see www.truthaboutnurs ing.org/references/ for live hyperlinks providing easy online access to virtually all of the references cited below.

1. TAN, “Q: Are You Sure Nurses Are Autonomous? Based on What I’ve Seen, It Sure Looks Like Physicians Are Calling the Shots,” accessed January 28, 2014, http:// tinyurl.com/7qfa8zu.

2. Hanne Dina Bernstein, “Reflections:  Two Cups:  The Healing Power of Tea,” American Journal of Nursing 104, no. 4 (April 2004):  39, http://tinyurl.com/ nqjbyez.

3. Cnet.com, “Biden: ‘Doctors Allow You to Live; Nurses Make You Want to Live’ ” ( June 3, 2013), http://tinyurl.com/ks6jlgm.

4. Julie Thao, “Julie Thao’s Speech in Pasadena,” California, January 28, 2010, YouTube video, http://tinyurl.com/obtuutb.

5. International Council of Nurses, “About ICN” ( June 14, 2013), http://tinyurl.com/ nxubwo4.

6. US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Occupational Employment Statistics:  May 2012 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates,” http://tinyurl.com/q2ywzuv.

7. US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), “The Registered Nurse Population: Findings from the 2008 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses” (2010), http://tinyurl. com/7zgyet7.

8. US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Physicians and Surgeons,” accessed January 8, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/77ghlzk.

9. David I. Auerbach, Douglas O. Staiger, Ulrike Muench, and Peter I. Buerhaus, “The Nursing Workforce: A Comparison of Three National Surveys,” Nursing Economic$ 30, no. 5 (September-October 2012), http://tinyurl.com/kd63p27.

10. HRSA, “RN Sample Survey” (2010), http://tinyurl.com/7zgyet7; Jane Kirschling, “Designing DNP Programs to Meet Required Competencies—Context for the Conversation” (2012), http://tinyurl.com/oajvwx8.

11. US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Query System: Occupational Employment Statistics:  Registered Nurses, Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary (251072); Registered Nurses (291141); Nurse Anesthetists (291151); Nurse Midwives (291161); Nurse Practitioners (291171); Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses (292061)” (May 2012), http://data.bls.gov/oes/;

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National Association of Clinical Nurse Specialists, “Clinical Nurse Specialist” (2012), http://tinyurl.com/lcn9eaj.

12. US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Occupational Employment Statistics: 29–1151 Nurse Anesthetists; 29–1061 Anesthesiologists” (May 2012), http://tinyurl.com/k4jb5yg and http://tinyurl.com/azxds7v.

13. US Census Bureau, “Men in Nursing Occupations: American Community Survey Highlight Report” (February 2013), http://tinyurl.com/mjxgvue.

14. Michael J.  Villeneuve, “Recruiting and Retaining Men in Nursing:  A  Review of the Literature,” Journal of Professional Nursing 10, no. 4 (1994):  217–228, http:// tinyurl.com/k2jdvsj.

15. US Census Bureau, “Men in Nursing Occupations:  American Community Survey Highlight Report” (February 2013), http://tinyurl.com/mjxgvue; Michael J.  Villeneuve, “Recruiting and Retaining Men in Nursing:  A  Review of the Literature,” Journal of Professional Nursing 10, no. 4 (1994):  217–228, http:// tinyurl.com/k2jdvsj.

16. TAN, “Remain in Light” (February 11, 2010), http://tinyurl.com/o9khkr7; CFNA, “Enemy of the People,” TAN ( June 22, 2005), http://tinyurl.com/o4y7bhs.

17. CFNA, “Infirmières Sans Frontières,” TAN (December 3, 2006), http://tinyurl. com/jwa9goe.

18. Bruce Wilson, “The Story of Men in American Nursing,” American Assembly of Men in Nursing (November 5, 1997), citing The Charaka, Vol. 1, Section xv, http:// tinyurl.com/oxrnt38.

19. Patrick Healy, “Parabolani,” The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 11 (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911), http://tinyurl.com/pal4o6o.

20. Christian Classics Ethereal Library, “The Holy Rule of St. Benedict” (1949), Chapter 31, http://tinyurl.com/5w5ely; M. Patricia Donahue, Nursing, the Finest Art: An Illustrated History, 3rd ed. (St. Louis: Mosby, 2010): 54.

21. Alban Butler, Donald Attwater, and Herbert Thurston, Lives of the Saints (London: Burns & Oates, 1956): 135.

22. AmericanCatholic.org, “St. Louise de Marillac,” accessed March 15, 2014, http://tinyurl. com/k2hm3hy.

23. Bernice Buresh and Suzanne Gordon, From Silence to Voice, 3rd ed. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2013); Suzanne Gordon, Nursing Against the Odds: How Health Care Cost-Cutting, Media Stereotypes, and Medical Hubris Undermine Nursing and Patient Care (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005).

24. Sioban Nelson, “The Image of Nurses  – The Historical Origins of Invisibility in Nursing,” Texto & Contexto  – Enfermagem 20, no. 2 (April–June 2011), http:// tinyurl.com/ngrw3hs.

25. Florence Nightingale Museum, “Florence’s Biography,” accessed June 17, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/mppnene.

26. Cole Summers, “Clara Barton,” TAN, accessed June 19, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/ p3yrayf.

1 Who Are Nurses and Where Have They Gone? • 23

27. American Association for the History of Nursing, “Linda A. J. Richard,” accessed June 17, 2104, http://tinyurl.com/2flqy7m.

28. Henry Street Settlement, “Lillian Wald,” accessed January 29, 2014, http://tinyurl. com/lqcskyx.

29. Bruce Wilson, “The Story of Men in American Nursing,” American Assembly of Men in Nursing (November 5, 1997), http://tinyurl.com/ylecjh4, http://tinyurl. com/yh4mqyh.

30. University of Minnesota School of Nursing, “History” (August 23, 2013), http:// tinyurl.com/oeak5qf.

31. Judith Schiff, “Yale’s First Female Dean,” Yale Alumni Magazine (March–April 2011), http://tinyurl.com/k4qmy72.

32. Susan Apold, “The Doctor of Nursing Practice: Looking Back, Moving Forward,” Journal for Nurse Practitioners 4, no. 2 (2008): 101–107.

33. Gina Castlenovo, “Mary Breckinridge,” TAN (2003), www.truthaboutnursing. org/press/pioneers/breckinridge.html.

34. Foundation of New York State Nurses, Inc., Bellevue Alumnae Center for Nursing History, “Loeb Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation Records” ( July 2006), http://tinyurl.com/yfkqyh8; Richard Kimball, Mei-Hua Lee, and Sandy Summers, “Lydia Hall, 1906–1969,” TAN (2000), http://tinyurl.com/p3fdt25.

35. Columbia News, “First-Ever Clinical Doctorate in Nursing Approved,” Columbia University (February 16, 2005), http://tinyurl.com/nfrj67b.

36. Cynthia Adams, “Florence Wald: Pioneer in Hospice Care,” TAN (2008), http:// tinyurl.com/ouh4ape.

37. Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, “Jacquelyn Campbell, PhD, RN, FAAN,” accessed December 1, 2013, http://tinyurl.com/motvca4.

38. Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, “Gayle Page, DNSc, RN, FAAN,” accessed January 29, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/n8kgvse; TAN, “The Orb of Life” (December 1, 2009), http://tinyurl.com/yeuywam; TAN, “Nurses:  Pain Affects Everything Else” (September 14, 2009), http://tinyurl.com/ov2n282.

39. American Medical Informatics Association, “Video Library 1: Nursing Informatics Pioneers,” accessed January 29, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/k5ejth4.

40. International Association of Forensic Nurses, “What Is Forensic Nursing?,” accessed January 30, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/yh2b9d3.

41. Florence Nightingale International Foundation, “The International Achievement Award: Susie Kim (2001), RN DNSc, FAAN,” http://tinyurl.com/pf9qyfy; Carol Findlay, “Susie Kim: Role Model of Excellence,” Journal of Christian Nursing 19, no. 3 ( January 2002): 30–32, http://tinyurl.com/qbheoua.

42. Geoffrey Cowley, “The Life of a Virus Hunter,” Newsweek (May 15, 2006), http:// tinyurl.com/n39ndk9.

43. Dianne Hales, “The Quiet Heroes,” Parade (March 21, 2004), http://tinyurl.com/ lyz5yly.

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44. University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, “Linda Aiken,” accessed January 30, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/ygeenrp.

45. Vanderbilt University, “Etherington Honored with MLK Award” ( January 24, 2013), http://tinyurl.com/nlt2saj; Florence Nightingale International Foundation, “Awards:  Carol Etherington (2003), MSN, RN, FAAN,” http://tinyurl.com/ yl7gaje.

46. Johns Hopkins, “Jacquelyn Campbell,” http://tinyurl.com/motvca4. 47. Phuong Ly, “A Labor Without End,” Washington Post (May 27, 2007):  W20,

http://tinyurl.com/ypevt9. 48. American Hospital Association, “The 2010 State of America’s Hospitals—Taking

the Pulse” (May 24, 2010), http://tinyurl.com/kolwz4l. 49. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, “Sick in America:  Nurses, Other Providers

Stretched Thin” (May 29, 2012), http://tinyurl.com/k6otvyt. 50. C.  Brett Lockard and Michael Wolf, “Occupational Employment:  Employment

Outlook:  2010–2020:  Occupational Employment Projections to 2020,” US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review ( January 2012): 89, http://tinyurl.com/ks2t7rr. See also US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012–13 Edition, Registered Nurses,” http://tinyurl.com/bbabjho.

51. Peter Buerhaus, David Auerbach, and Douglas Staiger, “The Recent Surge in Nurse Employment:  Causes and Implications,” Health Affairs 28, no. 4 ( June 2009): w657-w668, http://tinyurl.com/ykfpogv, doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.28.4.w657. For more information see American Association of Colleges of Nursing, “Nursing Shortage Resources,” accessed January 29, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/knz7rev.

52. Jane E.  Ball, Trevor Murrells, Anne Marie Rafferty, Elizabeth Morrow, and Peter Griffiths, “‘Care Left Undone’ During Nursing Shifts:  Associations with Workload and Perceived Quality of Care,” BMJ Quality & Safety 23, no. 2 (2014): 116–125 doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001767, http://tinyurl.com/kdhq75w; Bonnie J. Wakefield, “Facing Up to the Reality of Missed Care,” BMJ Quality & Safety 23 (2014): 92–94, http://tinyurl.com/lrmj793; TAN, “How to Help Nurses Practice at the Top of Their Game” (August 5, 2012), http://tinyurl.com/qamfcof.

53. TAN, “What Happens to Patients When Nurses Are Short-Staffed?,” accessed January 29, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/ancmo7r.

54. US Census Bureau, “Men in Nursing Occupations: American Community Survey Highlight Report” (February 2013), http://tinyurl.com/mjxgvue.

55. Alan H. Rosenstein, “Nurse-Physician Relationships: Impact on Nurse Satisfaction and Retention,” American Journal of Nursing 102, no. 6 ( June 2002):  26–34, http://tinyurl.com/yz47l4y.

56. TAN, “Q: What Is Physician Disruptive Behavior and Why Does It Exist?,” accessed January 29, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/pwghq62; TAN, “The Weather in My Head” (March 16, 2013), http://tinyurl.com/q6h6fmx; TAN, “Thanking the

1 Who Are Nurses and Where Have They Gone? • 25

Nurse” (August 5, 2012), http://tinyurl.com/pmfs55o; TAN, “Angels on Earth” (October 14, 2012), http://tinyurl.com/or8qhrr.

57. Suzanne Gordon, John Buchanan, and Tanya Bretherton, Safety in Numbers (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008); Gordon, Nursing Against the Odds (2005); Dana Beth Weinberg, Code Green: Money-Driven Hospitals and the Dismantling of Nursing (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003). For more information see TAN, “What Happens To Patients When Nurses Are Short-Staffed?,” accessed January 28, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/ancmo7r.

58. Learn 4 Good, “Contact Page - Medical Career School in Plantation, FL,” accessed March 8, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/pnyalsg.

59. Jeannie P.  Cimiotti, Linda H.  Aiken, Douglas M.  Sloane, and Evan S.  Wu, “Nurse Staffing, Burnout, and Health Care-Associated Infection,” American Journal of Infection Control 40 (2012): 486–490, http://tinyurl.com/n4cu6p8; Linda Aiken, Sean Clarke, Douglas Sloane, Julie Sochalski, and Jeffrey Silber, “Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction,” Journal of the American Medical Association 288, no. 16 (October 23–30, 2002):  1987–93, http://tinyurl.com/pu6saw9; TAN, “Short-Staffed,” http://tinyurl.com/ancmo7r.

60. HRSA, “The Registered Nurse Population:  Findings from the 2008 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses” (2010), http://tinyurl.com/7zgyet7.

61. Paul Duke, “If ER Nurses Crash, Will Patients Follow?,” Newsweek (February 2, 2004), http://tinyurl.com/kbxxfyt.

62. Anonymous, “One Day in Critical Care: A Nurse’s Story,” Reader’s Digest (October 2003), http://tinyurl.com/kd6zph9; CFNA, “Reader’s Digest: Burnt-out ICU Nurse ‘Blows the Whistle,’ ” TAN (October 2003), http://tinyurl.com/nb2nv5t.

63. Patti Neighmond, “Sick in America,” National Public Radio (May 25, 2012), http://tinyurl.com/7kf9eab; TAN, “Are Your Knuckles White?” (May 25, 2012), http://tinyurl.com/nhdpoas.

64. Dominique Debucquoy-Dodley, “Lawsuit: Ohio Nurse Was ‘Worked to Death,” CNN (November 13, 2013), http://tinyurl.com/m3krctj.

65. TAN, “Short-Staffed,” http://tinyurl.com/ancmo7r. 66. Linda Aiken, Sean Clarke, Douglas Sloane, Julie Sochalski, and Jeffrey

Silber, “Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction,” Journal of the American Medical Association 288, no. 16 (October 23–30, 2002): 1987–93, http://tinyurl.com/lf7qr48.

67. Jack Needleman, Peter Buerhaus, Maureen Stewart, Katya Zelevinsky, and Soeren Mattke, “Nurse Staffing in Hospitals: Is There a Business Case for Quality?,” Health Affairs 25, no. 1 (2006): 204–11, http://tinyurl.com/m7kdm3l; CFNA, “No Magic Number,” TAN ( January 21, 2006), http://tinyurl.com/qxfjgzu.

68. Jeannie P. Cimiotti, Linda H. Aiken, Douglas M. Sloane, and Evan S. Wu, “Nurse Staffing, Burnout, and Health Care–Associated Infection,” American Journal of Infection Control 40, no. 6 (August 2012): 486–490, http://tinyurl.com/prg2vzd;

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TAN, “How to Help Nurses Practice at the Top of Their Game” (August 5, 2012), http://tinyurl.com/qamfcof.

69. Beatrice J.  Kalisch, Gay L.  Landstrom, and Ada Sue Hinshaw, “Missed Nursing Care: A Concept Analysis,” Journal of Advanced Care 65, no. 7 (2009): 1509–1517, http://tinyurl.com/lprkbjh.

70. Beatrice J. Kalisch, “Missed Nursing Care: A Qualitative Study,” Journal of Nursing Care Quality 21, no. 4 (December 2006): 306–313, http://tinyurl.com/n5vmrlb.

71. International Council of Nurses and Pfizer, “Nurses in the Workplace: Expectations and Needs” (May 2009), http://tinyurl.com/mzsyne2.

72. Dietmar Ausserhofer, Britta Zander, Reinhard Busse, Maria Schubert, Sabina De Geest, Anne Marie Rafferty, Jane Ball, et al., “Prevalence, Patterns and Predictors of Nursing Care Left Undone in European Hospitals: Results from the Multicountry Cross-Sectional RN4CAST Study,” BMJ Quality & Safety (November 11, 2013), http://tinyurl.com/k3m9mhf.

73. Jane E. Ball, Trevor Murrells, Anne Marie Rafferty, Elizabeth Morrow, and Peter Griffiths, “Care Left Undone,” http://tinyurl.com/kdhq75w.

74. International Council of Nurses, “The Global Shortage of Registered Nurses: An Overview of Issues and Actions” (2006), http://tinyurl.com/k45zym6.

75. International Council of Nurses, “Position Statement: Socio-Economic Welfare of Nurses” (2009), http://tinyurl.com/kvl2dkp.

76. Mireille Kingma, “Nurses On the Move:  A  Global Overview,” Health Services Research 42, no. 3 (March 20, 2007):  1281–1298, http://tinyurl.com/km738zu. See also Mireille Kingma, Nurses on the Move:  Migration and the Global Health Care Economy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006); TAN, “Q: How Is Nurse Migration Affecting Nurses and the Nursing Shortage?,” accessed January 28, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/oe3ep66.

77. Paul H.  Troy, Laura A.  Wyness, and Eilish McAuliffe, “Nurses’ Experiences of Recruitment and Migration from Developing Countries:  A  Phenomenological Approach,” Human Resources for Health 2007, 5:15, http://tinyurl.com/ljbbelr.

78. Donna Felber Neff, Jeannie Cimiotti, Douglas M.  Sloane, and Linda H.  Aiken, “Utilization of Non-US Educated Nurses in US Hospitals,” International Journal for Quality in Health Care 25, no. 4 (2013): 366–372, http://tinyurl.com/n857hxx.

79. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, “The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health” (October 5, 2010), http://tinyurl.com/2brrusk.

80. American Nurses Association, “Nurse Staffing Plans & Ratios” (December 2013), http://tinyurl.com/par65rs.

81. Gintautas Dumcius, “Governor Signs Nurse-Staffing ICU Bill,” The Lowell Sun, ( June 30, 2014), http://tinyurl.com/qxs3q4j.

82. American Nurses Association, “Safe Staffing,” accessed January 28, 2014, http:// tinyurl.com/kz4uasu; ANA, “Nurse Staffing” (2013), http://tinyurl.com/par65rs.

83. Gordon, Buchanan, and Bretherton, Safety (2008).

1 Who Are Nurses and Where Have They Gone? • 27

84. Linda H.  Aiken, Douglas M.  Sloane, Jeannie P.  Cimiotti, Sean P.  Clarke, Linda Flynn, Jean Ann Seago, Joanne Spetz, and Herbert L. Smith, “Implications of the California Nurse Staffing Mandate for Other States,” Health Services Research 45, no. 4 (April 2010): 904–921, http://tinyurl.com/lkwzvlt.

85. American Nurses Association, “Mandatory Overtime” ( January 2012), http:// tinyurl.com/lynzoo5.

86. Maria Schiff, “The Role of Nurse Practitioners in Meeting Increasing Demand for Primary Care,” National Governors Association (December 2012), http://tinyurl. com/l6f7owb.

87. TAN, “Nurse Migration,” http://tinyurl.com/oe3ep66. 88. Dennis O’Brien, “Nurses To Go,” Baltimore Sun (March 17, 2006), http://tinyurl.

com/67vgbw; CFNA, “Would You Like a Krabby Patty with That?,” TAN (March 17, 2006), http://tinyurl.com/nr5v4p9.

89. TAN, “America’s Top RN Model?” (February 7, 2012), http://tinyurl.com/pk7kjlc. 90. TAN, “Magnet Status: What It Is, What It Is Not, and What It Could Be,” accessed

January 28, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/79mxv8y. 91. Lesly A.  Kelly, Matthew D.  McHugh, and Linda Aiken, “Nurse Outcomes in

Magnet® and Non-Magnet Hospitals,” Journal of Nursing Administration 41, no. 10 (October 2011): 428–433, http://tinyurl.com/meyrycv.

92. Matthew McHugh, Lesly A. Kelly, Herbert L. Smith, Evan S. Wu, Jill M. Vanak, and Linda H.  Aiken, “Lower Mortality in Magnet Hospitals,” Medical Care 51, no. 5 (May 2013): 382–388, http://tinyurl.com/mskp4pg.

93. University HealthSystem and American Association of Colleges of Nursing Consortium, “University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics Reduces New Graduate Nurse Turnover by 80% With UHC’s Nurse Residency Program” (2007), http://tinyurl.com/n5o3adu; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Initiative on the Future of Nursing, “The Value of Nurse Education and Residency Programs” (May 2011), http://tinyurl.com/n8t64dp.

94. TAN, “Throw Them Out There” (February 15, 2009), http://tinyurl.com/ qfg279h.

95. TAN, “Lucky Charms” ( June 2011), http://tinyurl.com/q7xtf2t; CFNA, “Baby We Were Born to Care,” TAN (November 2007), http://tinyurl.com/oysyl4t; CFNA, “Touching the World,” TAN (May 2006), http://tinyurl.com/lx6k9jy.

96. Nurses for a Healthier Tomorrow, “Careers in Nursing Campaign,” accessed January 29, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/paftxzb.

97. American Association of Colleges of Nursing, “New AACN Data Show an Enrollment Surge in Baccalaureate and Graduate Programs Amid Calls for More Highly Educated Nurses” (March 22, 2012), http://tinyurl.com/y9dtqnv.

98. National League for Nursing, “Key Findings of Nationwide NLN-Carnegie Foundation: Study of Nurse Educators Released” (August 29, 2007), http:// tinyurl.com/yj8bzct.

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99. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, “Overall Appropriations FY 2014,” http://tinyurl.com/kwxgg5j.

100. Peter Buerhaus, David Auerbach, and Douglas Staiger, “The Recent Surge in Nurse Employment: Causes and Implications,” Health Affairs 28, no. 4 (2009): w657–w668, http://tinyurl.com/k8mrzve.

101. Dan Bilefsky, “If Plastic Surgery Won’t Convince You, What Will?,” The New York Times (May 24, 2009), http://tinyurl.com/puoyvl; TAN, “We Are Offering Free Breasts” ( July 14, 2009), http://tinyurl.com/l4eylmp.

102. TAN, “Aggravating” ( July 6, 2010), http://tinyurl.com/nsusacp. 103. Health Affairs, “Sub-Saharan Africa to Face Shortage of Nearly 800,000 Health

Care Professionals in 2015” (August 6, 2009), http://tinyurl.com/lv4z54p. 104. TAN, “Saving Lives and Selling Tomatoes” ( July 6, 2011), http://tinyurl.com/

nk6uv59. 105. Press Trust of India, “India Running Short of Two Million Nurses,” The Hindu

(March 17, 2008), http://tinyurl.com/6zg6n2. 106. TAN, “Crucial, but Not Consulted” (September 2, 2009), http://tinyurl.com/

pfmn8la. 107. ICN, “Global Shortage” (2006), http://tinyurl.com/k45zym6.