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NOVÁ ENERGETIKÁ STRATEGIE EU A CR. Ministério de. Minas e Energia. Brazilská Energetická Politika a Ekologie. José Carlos de Miranda Farias Director for Electricity Studies of Energy Research Enterprise - EPE Ministry of Mines and Energy - MME / Brazil. Brazilian Energy Sector. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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José Carlos de Miranda FariasDirector for Electricity Studies of Energy Research Enterprise - EPE
Ministry of Mines and Energy - MME / Brazil
Ministério de
Minas e Energia
NOVÁ ENERGETIKÁ STRATEGIEEU A CR
Brazilská Energetická Politika a Ekologie
2
2006 Domestic Energy Supply Structure
Brazilian Energy Sector
1,6%
9,6%6,0%
14,8%
30,1%37,8%
Oil and by-productsBiomass
Hydraulic andElectricity
UraniumCoal Natural Gas
Renewables: 44,9 %
Total: 230 millions of toe
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Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Brazilian Energy Sector
2,372,36
1,57
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Mundo OECD Brasil
ton.
CO
2 /
tep
BrazilOECD CountriesWorld
ton
C
O2 /
toe
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BRAZILIAN ENERGY POLICY
Law 9.478/97 (art. 1º)
Targets
• Protect consumers’ interests in relation to access, prices, quality,
security, and product offers
• Protect the environment and promote energy efficiency
• Use renewable energy sources, by means of economic exploitation
of available insumes and applied technologies
• Promote free competition
• Attract investments and enlarge the competitiveness in the country
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João Pessoa
Jacui
Porto Alegre
Florianópolis
Curitiba
São Paulo
Rio de Janeiro
Paraíbado Sul
Uruguai
Vitória
BeloHorizonte
Itaipu
Grande
Paranaíba
Paraná/Tietê
Campo Grande
Iguaçu
Tocantins
Belém
São Francisco
Parnaíba
São Luís
Teresina
Fortaleza
Natal
Recife
Maceió
Aracajú
SalvadorCuiabá
Goiânia
Brasília
Paranapanema
Argentina
Installed Cap. = 98,530 MW• Hydroelectric = 73,559 MW – 74.7 %• Thermal = 22,964 MW – 23.4 %• Nuclear = 2,007 MW – 1.9%
Consumption Units = 57,45 million (Energy Production = 418,2 TWh/y (55% of South America) Peak Load = 61,780 MW
(United Kingdom or Italy)
Source: EPE 2007
Generation: 85% Public owned 15 % Private owned Transmission: 43 utilities (80% private) Distribution: 64 utilities (80% private)
Electrical System General Characteristics
Surface area: 8.5 million km²(= continental USA + 1/2 Alaska)
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Brazilian Power Grid Operation
Hydroplants
Termoplants
TransmissionLines
Imp/E
xp
INTEGRATED AND INTEGRATED AND COORDINATED OPERATIONCOORDINATED OPERATION
CemigFurnasAES-TietêCESPCDSA
Camargos
Grande River
Igarapava
V.Grande
São SimãoItumbiara
Corumbá I
Emborcação
Paranaíba River
Itutinga
Funil Grande
Furnas
M.Moraes
L.C.Barreto
Jaguara
P. Colômbia
Marimbondo
Água Vermelha
C. Dourada
Nova Ponte
I. Solteira
Jupiá
P.Primavera
Itaipu
Miranda DIFFERENT GENCOs
RUN OF RIVER
RESERVOIR
CemigFurnasAES-TietêCESPCDSA
Camargos
Grande River
Igarapava
V.Grande
São SimãoItumbiara
Corumbá I
Emborcação
Paranaíba River
Itutinga
Funil Grande
Furnas
M.Moraes
L.C.Barreto
Jaguara
P. Colômbia
Marimbondo
Água Vermelha
C. Dourada
Nova Ponte
I. Solteira
Jupiá
P.Primavera
Itaipu
Miranda DIFFERENT GENCOs
RUN OF RIVER
RESERVOIR
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Méx
ico
Bra
sil
Arg
enti
na
Ch
ile
Cro
ácia
Po
rtu
gal
Gré
cia
Ru
ssia
Esp
anh
a
Uru
gu
ai
1.500
2.500
3.500
4.500
5.500
6.500
7.500
8.500
9.500
Date - 2004. Data Source: IEA, 2006
kW
h/h
ab
Year kWh / hab
1980 941
1990 1.449
2000 1.830
2004 1.909
Per Capita Power Consumption
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National Power Grid
Stand-alone
Systems
National Interconnected
System
4,000 km
Existing System
LT 230 kV : 36.104 km LT 345 kV : 8.973 km
LT 440 kV : 6.791 km
LT 500 kV : 29.222 km
LT 600 kV : 1.612 km
LT 750 kV : 2.698 km
Source: EPE (2007)
Total : 85.400 km
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4.000 km4.000 km4.000 km4.000 km
National Power Grid
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2006 Domestic Electricity Supply Structure
Source: Brazilian Energy Balance, EPE, 2007
(*) mainly generation from bagasse-based cogeneration
Biomass and other renewables (*)
Oil and by-products
Importation
Coal
Natural Gas
Hydraulic
4.2%
8.8%
2.5%1.6%
4.0%
Nuclear3.0%
Hydraulic75.9%
Total: 460 TWh
Brazilian Energy Sector
Renewables: 80,1%
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1. Based on World Energy Council - 1992. 2. Brazil - 2002.3. Those countries have 2/3 of the developed world hydro-power resources
World Hydro-Power Resources
Source: EPE 2006
% of the thecnical hydro resources*
100
83
64
61
60
55
45
37
21
18
16
11
6
4
1
26
0 20 40 60 80 100
France
Germany
Japan
Norway
USA
Sweden
Italy
Canada
Brazil
India
Colombia
China
Russia
Peru
Indonésia
Congo
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Mapa ilustrativoFonte: MMA (fev/05)
Reflexões sobre a Expansão Hidroelétrica
environmentsOcupação da Amazônia
16%
25%
Unidade de ConservaçãoFederal
Terras Indígenas
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16,00%
0,25%
25,00%59,00%
UC
Usinas existentes (0,22%) eplanejadas (0,03%)
Terras Indígenas
Outros
Bioma Amazônico – Áreas Ocupadas
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Brazilian Power Sources
Power Source Potential
(MW)
Hydropower 180.000 *
Biomass 9.000
Wind Power 140.000
Small Hydro 14.000
Nuclear 20.000
Coal 28.000
Imported Coal -
Imported Natural Gas - Fuel Oil -
* Remaining Potential
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Establishes the obligation for power distribution utilities to fully meet their forecasted loads by means of purchasing power either from public power auctions or from Distributed Generators.
The Present Law
Law 10848/2004
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• All consumers must be 100% covered by energy contracts
• All contracts must be backed up by physical production capacity (security of supply)
• Consumers above 3 MW are free to sign bilateral energy contracts with generators
Highlights of the Model
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Power Purchase Agreement from New Plants Law 10.848/2002
AA-1A-2A-3A-4A-5
Purchase in “A-3”
Auctions of “A-5” and “A-3”PPA with a term of 15 to 35 years
Hydro Plant Paulo Afonso/Bahia
Purchase in “A-5”
limited to 2% of the load from “A-5”
Power Auctions
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Power Auctions PPA
João Pessoa
Porto Alegre
Florianópolis
Curitiba
São Paulo
Rio de Janeiro
Vitória
BeloHorizonte
Campo Grande
Belém
São Luís
Teresina
Fortaleza
Natal
Recife
MaceióAracajú
SalvadorCuiabá
Goiânia
Brasília
BILATERAL CONTRACTS
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Art.20: The power auction proclamation shall be prepared …, taking into account the MME directives, and shall contain:
a) - the Environmental Assessment Report (EIA) and the Environmental Impact Analysis Report (RIMA) ;
b) - the Environmental Advance License (LP).
Decree 5.163/2004
Environmental Requirements
Power Auctions
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Power Auctions – Main Results
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Primary Energy Source Number of UnitsAvailable Power for
Auction(MW)
Hydro Plants 9 2.796Small Hydro Plants 29 481Biomass 54 1.875Natural Gas 6 3.542Natural Gas/Diesel 5 2.161Process Gas 1 25Natural Gasoline 1 180Coal 1 350Fuel Oil 61 7.041Diesel 5 754Wind Power 13 1.170
TOTAIS 185 20.375
Hidro 38 3.277,00
Térmica 134 15.928,00
Eólica 13 1.170,00
Number 2007 A-3
21%
72%
7%
Power 2007 A-3
16%
78%
6%
2007 A-3 Auction - Applicants
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1532 Martim Afonso de Souzaintroduces sugarcane in Brazil
1925 First ethanol vehicle tested in Brazil
1975 Created the Brazilian Ethanol Program
Sugarcane and ethanol in Brazil
PROALCOOL
The Brazilian Energy Sector
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Stages of Brazilian Ethanol Program
The Brazilian Energy Sector
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Current phase
Crude oil international prices higher Flex fuel vehicles
first flex fuel vehicles in 2003currently, flex fuel represent 75% of cars
selling Electricity from bagasse-based cogeneration
became competitive New technological advances in progress
in order to increase productivity and ethanol production
Current Brazilian alcohol production: 17.8 billions liters
Current Brazilian sugar production: 30.9 millions ton
Stages of Brazilian Ethanol Program
2006
The Brazilian Energy Sector
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SUGARCANE Bagasse
Straw
Sugar
Vinasse
Cogeneration
Paper & celluloseFood for animals
Ethanol
ElectricitySteam
Fertilizer
Biodigestion
Food for animals
Biogas (boilers)
Methane (vehicles)
CogenerationElectricity
Steam
Ethanol Vehicles
Vehicles
Food industry
Sugarcane and by-products can provide bothcleaner fuel and electricity
Why biomass from sugarcane is an effective alternative
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Favorable geographic andnatural conditions
land quantity available toagriculture
soil characteristics privileged climate conditions
(sun, rain and etc.)
Brazil has a great potential to bioenergy (biofuel and bioelectricity)
Profile of Brazilian sugarcane sector
Technology developed Ethanol biodiesel cogeneration from bagasse other uses
Low production cost
Ethanol ProductionCost (US$/liter)
Country/Region
0.22-0.28Brazil
0.45-0.55European Union
0.30-0.35United States
Sources: Henniges, O.;Zeddies, J.: Fuel Ethanol Production in the USA and Germany – a cost comparison,F.O. Lichts World Ethanol and Biofuels Report, vol 1, nº 11, 11/02/2003.
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Source : VCP apud Silvestrin, 2005 in reuniões temáticas na EPE
CountryHarvest(years)
Produtictivity(m3/ha/year)
BRASIL 7 45-50
INDONÉSIA 7 20-25
AUSTRÁLIA 7 20-25
ARGENTINA 7-12 25
CHILE 10-12 25
ESPANHA 12-15 10-12
EUA 25 10
SUIÇA 35-40 5,5
FINLÂNDIA 35-40 4
CANADÁ 4,5 7
p < 66 < p < 12
12 < p < 30
p > 30
Productivity(m3/ha/year)
Brazil has a great potential to bioenergy (biofuel and bioelectricity)
Profile of Brazilian sugarcane sector
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Law n º 11,097/05 Set the mandatory blending of biodiesel with mineral diesel and regulate the insertion of the new fuel in the market.
2005to
2007
Authorized
Potencial Market840 millions
liters/year
2%
2008to
2012
Mandatory
Firm Market1 billion
liters/year
2%
2013 Forward(Government may
bring the aim forward to 2010)
Mandatory
Firm Market2.4 billionliters/year
5%
The Brazilian Biodiesel Production and Use Program
Stages of Brazilian Biodiesel Program
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The Brazilian Biodiesel Production and Use Program
Production Capacity Authorized is higher than mandatory demand expected to 2008
source: ANP , 2007
July 2007(Authorized)
Total(Authorized Plus Authorizations
Submitted)
1.62 2.68
Production Capacity
billion liters/year
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National Petroleum, Gas and Biofuels Agency (ANP) Auctions
Source: MME e ANP , 2006
Five Biodiesel Auctions
855802806854875Medium Sale Price (US$/m3)
455505017070Volume Sold (m3)
-1,145.125.4315.592.5Volume Offered(106 liters)
-256128Total Units
5° 14/022007
4º 11/072006
3º11/072006
2º30/032006
1º23/112005
Total 885 million liters2007&2008 – Two New Auctions
more 150 million liters
The Brazilian Biodiesel Production and Use Program
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Brazilian Challenger
To supply energy, at fair prices,to develop the country,
following the principles of sustainable growth.
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Empresa de Pesquisa Energética - EPEAv. Rio Branco, 1 - 11º floor Centro Rio de Janeiro RJ
CEP 20090-003 Tel.: +55 (21) 3512-3100 www.epe.gov.br [email protected]
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