November 2, 2015 276 edging Edging Cutting a sharp line of separation between lawn and plantings Beds and walks Use of steel, plastic, wood, masonry Tools power edger, spade 4-6 vertical depth, wedge of sod removed Discourages horizontal spread of grass roots Creates sharp turf line Anchor edging in winter heaving areas 275 Edger (powered or manual) A tool used to edge along beds, walks, driveways Around trees 343 String trimmer 288 grass shears Trim grass along walks and driveways edge around planting beds Around trees, posts, etc 318 Power Hedge Trimmer Prune or shear NEW growth on shrubs or hedges Powered by a fuel mixture of gasoline and oil 2 cycle engines Shearing or Pruning Hedges Shear dense or closely spaced shrubs Practice is important with power equipment Level top and taper sides Bottom is wider than top 269 chain saw 266 Chaps 317 Power blower 267 Compressed Air Sprayer Used to apply chemicals (pesticides, fertilizers, or antitranspirants) in liquid form by pumping air into a enclosed tank and creating pressure for delivery through a spray nozzle Top Soil Layer A or AP Horizon 346 topsoil The top layer of soil; it is full of organic material and good for growing crops Plants generally concentrate their roots in this layer and obtain most of their nutrients from this layer Known as the "A Horizon," Top layer of soil is removed when lots are graded to prepare for excavation prior to construction. After grading the land, the topsoil is replaced The cost of topsoil depends a lot on location. $12 -$18 a cubic yard, with a delivery charge of $15 -$60 to $20 -$30 a yard, plus delivery charges of $50 -$200 or more Typically lower-quality topsoil is at the lower end of the scale Topsoil is also sold in bags, at $2 -$5 a bag. It takes roughly bags to make a cubic yard, or $36 -$100. 299 landscape fabric 278 Erosion netting Cypress Dyed Shredded Nuggets 258 bark mulch Mower damage Mulch Volcano Wrong way to mulch a tree Problems Associated with Improper Mulching 1.Deep mulch can lead to excess moisture in the root zone 2.Can stress the plant and cause root rot. 3.Piling mulch against the trunk or stems may lead to insect and disease problems 4.Piling high against trunks of young trees may create habitats for rodents that chew the bark and can girdle the trees 5.Thick, fine mulch can mat down and may prevent the penetration of water and air 6.Anaerobic sour mulch may give off pungent odors, and the alcohols and organic acids that build up may be toxic to young plants. 7.Thick, fine mulch can breakdown and become like potting soil and may support weed growth 8.Some mulches (ie. cut grass, can affect soil pH) 9.Continued use of these mulches over long periods can lead to micronutrient deficiencies or toxicities. The Right Way to Mulch 3-4 deep and spread out broadly Benefits of Proper Mulching Reduced evaporation, less need for watering Control weeds (min. 2 to 4 inch) Natures insulating blanket. (Soils warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer) Improve soil aeration, structure (aggregation of soil particles), and drainage over time. Can improve soil fertility. Inhibit certain plant diseases. Mulching around trees helps facilitate maintenance and reduce damage from weed whackers or the dreaded lawn mower blight. Mulch can give planting beds a uniform, well-cared-for look. Types of Mulch Available commercially in many forms Two major types of mulch are inorganic and organic Inorganic mulches include various types of stone, lava rock, pulverized rubber, geotextile fabrics, and other materials Inorganic mulches do not decompose and do not need to be replenished often They do not improve soil structure, add organic materials, or provide nutrients For these reasons, most horticulturists and arborists prefer organic mulches. Types of Mulch Organic mulches include: wood chips, pine needles, hardwood and softwood bark, cocoa hulls, leaves, compost mixes, and a variety of other products usually derived from plants. Organic mulches decompose in the landscape Those that decompose faster must be replenished more often. Decomposition process improves soil quality and fertility, Not Too Much! Too much can be harmful Recommended mulching depth is 2 to 4 inches North American landscapes are falling victim to a plague of over mulching A new term, "mulch volcanoes," has emerged to describe mulch that has been piled up around the base of trees Most organic mulches must be replenished, but the rate of decomposition varies. Some mulches, such as cypress mulch, remain intact for many years Top dressing with new mulch annually (often for the sake of refreshing the color) creates a buildup to depths that can be unhealthy Deep mulch can be effective in suppressing weeds and reducing maintenance, but often causes additional problems Proper Mulching If mulch is already present, check the depth Do not add mulch if there is a sufficient layer in place Rake the old mulch to break up any matted layers and to refresh the appearance Some landscape maintenance companies spray mulch with a water soluble vegetable-based dye to improve the appearance If mulch is piled against the stems or tree trunks, pull it back several inches so that the base of the trunk and the root crown is exposed. 344 Tape measure 303 Measuring wheel Architects scale Often triangular in shape A tool with a scale on it The graduations along its edges can measure scaled drawings directly in feet and inches One edge usually being graduated in inches and sixteenths of an inch, the other edges graduated in twelfths and fractions thereof for lengths of 3 inches, 1 1 2 inches, and 1 inch Engineers scale A tool for measuring distances and transferring measurements at a fixed ratio of length Used in making engineering drawings, commonly called blueprints, in scale One edge is divided into tenths of an inch, and the subsequent ones are directly marked for twentieths, thirtieths, fortieths, fiftieths, and finally sixtieths of an inch It is not to be used to measure machined parts to see if they meet specifications Thats All Folks!!!